1
|
Kojak N, Kuno J, Fittipaldi KE, Khan A, Wenger D, Glasser M, Donnianni RA, Tang Y, Zhang J, Huling K, Ally R, Mujica AO, Turner T, Magardino G, Huang PY, Kerk SY, Droguett G, Prissette M, Rojas J, Gomez T, Gagliardi A, Hunt C, Rabinowitz JS, Gong G, Poueymirou W, Chiao E, Zambrowicz B, Siao CJ, Kajimura D. Somatic and intergenerational G4C2 hexanucleotide repeat instability in a human C9orf72 knock-in mouse model. Nucleic Acids Res 2024:gkae250. [PMID: 38597682 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Expansion of a G4C2 repeat in the C9orf72 gene is associated with familial Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD). To investigate the underlying mechanisms of repeat instability, which occurs both somatically and intergenerationally, we created a novel mouse model of familial ALS/FTD that harbors 96 copies of G4C2 repeats at a humanized C9orf72 locus. In mouse embryonic stem cells, we observed two modes of repeat expansion. First, we noted minor increases in repeat length per expansion event, which was dependent on a mismatch repair pathway protein Msh2. Second, we found major increases in repeat length per event when a DNA double- or single-strand break (DSB/SSB) was artificially introduced proximal to the repeats, and which was dependent on the homology-directed repair (HDR) pathway. In mice, the first mode primarily drove somatic repeat expansion. Major changes in repeat length, including expansion, were observed when SSB was introduced in one-cell embryos, or intergenerationally without DSB/SSB introduction if G4C2 repeats exceeded 400 copies, although spontaneous HDR-mediated expansion has yet to be identified. These findings provide a novel strategy to model repeat expansion in a non-human genome and offer insights into the mechanism behind C9orf72 G4C2 repeat instability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nada Kojak
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Junko Kuno
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | | | - David Wenger
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | | | - Yajun Tang
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Jade Zhang
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Katie Huling
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Roxanne Ally
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | | | | | - Pei Yi Huang
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Sze Yen Kerk
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | | | - Jose Rojas
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Guochun Gong
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | - Eric Chiao
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang X, Cui S, Ding Y, Li Y, Wu B, Gao J, Li M, Xu L, Xia H. Downregulation of B4GALT5 attenuates cardiac fibrosis through Lumican and Akt/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 963:176263. [PMID: 38081351 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Virtually all forms of cardiac disease exhibit cardiac fibrosis as a common trait, which ultimately leads to adverse ventricular remodeling and heart failure. To improve the prognosis of heart disease, it is crucial to halt the progression of cardiac fibrosis. Protein function is intricately linked with protein glycosylation, a vital post-translational modification. As a fundamental member of the β1,4-galactosyltransferase gene family (B4GALT), β1,4-galactosyltransferase V (B4GALT5) is associated with various disorders. In this study, significant levels of B4GALT5 expression were observed in cardiac fibrosis induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) or TGFβ1 and the activation of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs). Subsequently, by administering AAV9-shB4GALT5 injections to TAC animals, we were able to demonstrate that in vivo B4GALT5 knockdown decreased the transformation of CFs into myofibroblasts (myoFBs) and reduced the deposition of cardiac collagen fibers. In vitro tests revealed the same results. Conversely, both in vivo and in vitro experiments indicated that overexpression of B4GALT5 stimulates CFs activation and exacerbates cardiac fibrosis. Initially, we elucidated the primary mechanism by which B4GALT5 regulates the Akt/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway and directly interacts with laminin, thereby affecting cardiac fibrosis. Our findings demonstrate that B4GALT5 promotes cardiac fibrosis through the Akt/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway and reveal laminin as the target protein of B4GALT5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xutao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Shengyu Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yuewen Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Center of Anesthesiology and Pain, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, China
| | - Yuhua Li
- Intensive Care Unit, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Jixian Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, China.
| | - Hao Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mitok KA, Schueler KL, King SM, Orr J, Ryan KA, Keller MP, Krauss RM, Mitchell BD, Shuldiner AR, Attie AD. Missense variants in SORT1 are associated with LDL-C in an Amish population. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100468. [PMID: 37913995 PMCID: PMC10711479 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Common noncoding variants at the human 1p13.3 locus associated with SORT1 expression are among those most strongly associated with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in human genome-wide association studies. However, validation studies in mice and cell lines have produced variable results regarding the directionality of the effect of SORT1 on LDL-C. This, together with the fact that the 1p13.3 variants are associated with expression of several genes, has raised the question of whether SORT1 is the causal gene at this locus. Using whole exome sequencing in members of an Amish population, we identified coding variants in SORT1 that are associated with increased (rs141749679, K302E) and decreased (rs149456022, Q225H) LDL-C. Further, analysis of plasma lipoprotein particle subclasses by ion mobility in a subset of rs141749679 (K302E) carriers revealed higher levels of large LDL particles compared to noncarriers. In contrast to the effect of these variants in the Amish, the sortilin K302E mutation introduced into a C57BL/6J mouse via CRISPR/Cas9 resulted in decreased non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and the sortilin Q225H mutation did not alter cholesterol levels in mice. This is indicative of different effects of these mutations on cholesterol metabolism in the two species. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence that naturally occurring coding variants in SORT1 are associated with LDL-C, thus supporting SORT1 as the gene responsible for the association of the 1p13.3 locus with LDL-C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Mitok
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kathryn L Schueler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sarah M King
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joseph Orr
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kathleen A Ryan
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mark P Keller
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ronald M Krauss
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Braxton D Mitchell
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alan R Shuldiner
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Alan D Attie
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lewis MA, Schulte J, Matthews L, Vaden KI, Steves CJ, Williams FMK, Schulte BA, Dubno JR, Steel KP. Accurate phenotypic classification and exome sequencing allow identification of novel genes and variants associated with adult-onset hearing loss. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1011058. [PMID: 38011198 PMCID: PMC10718637 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult-onset progressive hearing loss is a common, complex disease with a strong genetic component. Although to date over 150 genes have been identified as contributing to human hearing loss, many more remain to be discovered, as does most of the underlying genetic diversity. Many different variants have been found to underlie adult-onset hearing loss, but they tend to be rare variants with a high impact upon the gene product. It is likely that combinations of more common, lower impact variants also play a role in the prevalence of the disease. Here we present our exome study of hearing loss in a cohort of 532 older adult volunteers with extensive phenotypic data, including 99 older adults with normal hearing, an important control set. Firstly, we carried out an outlier analysis to identify genes with a high variant load in older adults with hearing loss compared to those with normal hearing. Secondly, we used audiometric threshold data to identify individual variants which appear to contribute to different threshold values. We followed up these analyses in a second cohort. Using these approaches, we identified genes and variants linked to better hearing as well as those linked to worse hearing. These analyses identified some known deafness genes, demonstrating proof of principle of our approach. However, most of the candidate genes are novel associations with hearing loss. While the results support the suggestion that genes responsible for severe deafness may also be involved in milder hearing loss, they also suggest that there are many more genes involved in hearing which remain to be identified. Our candidate gene lists may provide useful starting points for improved diagnosis and drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morag A. Lewis
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King’s College London, United Kingdom
- The Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Schulte
- The Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lois Matthews
- The Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kenneth I. Vaden
- The Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Claire J. Steves
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Frances M. K. Williams
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bradley A. Schulte
- The Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Judy R. Dubno
- The Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Karen P. Steel
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King’s College London, United Kingdom
- The Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang H, Liu YS, Peng Y, Chen W, Dong N, Wu Q, Pan B, Wang B, Guo W. Golgi α-mannosidases regulate cell surface N-glycan type and ectodomain shedding of the transmembrane protease corin. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105211. [PMID: 37660903 PMCID: PMC10520876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Corin is a transmembrane protease that activates natriuretic peptides on the cell membrane. Reduced cell surface targeting or increased ectodomain shedding disrupts cell membrane homeostasis of corin, thereby impairing its cell surface expression and enzyme activity. N-glycans are essential in corin ectodomain shedding. Lack of N-glycans promotes corin ectodomain shedding in the juxtamembrane and frizzled-1 domains. The nascent N-glycans, transferred onto the polypeptide of corin, undergo multistep N-glycan processing in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi. It remains unclear how trimming by Golgi α-mannosidases, the critical N-glycan processing steps in N-glycan maturation, may regulate corin biosynthesis. In this study, we examined the effects of kifunensine and swainsonine, the inhibitors for α-mannosidases I and II, on corin expression and function. Western analysis of corin proteins in cell lysates and conditioned media from the inhibitor-treated corin-stable HEK293 cells and AC16 cells showed that both α-mannosidases I and II were required to maintain complex N-glycans on cell surface corin and protect corin from ectodomain shedding in the juxtamembrane and frizzled-1 domains. Cell viability analysis revealed that inhibition of α-mannosidase I or II sensitized cardiomyocytes to hydrogen peroxide-induced injury via regulating corin. Moreover, either one of the two coding genes was sufficient to perform Golgi α-mannosidase I trimming of N-glycans on corin. Similarly, this sufficiency was observed in Golgi α-mannosidase II-coding genes. Inhibition of ectodomain shedding restored corin zymogen activation from kifunensine- or swainsonine-induced reduction. Together, our results show the important roles of Golgi α-mannosidases in maintaining cell membrane homeostasis and biological activities of corin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Shi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yingfei Peng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ningzheng Dong
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qingyu Wu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Baishen Pan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Beili Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Cancer Center, Shanghai Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiamen Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wusong Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Cancer Center, Shanghai Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiamen Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wusong Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhao Y, Nayak S, Raidas S, Guo L, Della Gatta G, Koppolu S, Halasz G, Montasser ME, Shuldiner AR, Mao Y, Li N. In-Depth Mass Spectrometry Analysis Reveals the Plasma Proteomic and N-Glycoproteomic Impact of an Amish-Enriched Cardioprotective Variant in B4GALT1. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100595. [PMID: 37328064 PMCID: PMC10392133 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
B4GALT1 encodes β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1, an enzyme that plays a major role in glycan synthesis in the Golgi apparatus by catalyzing the addition of terminal galactose. Studies increasingly suggest that B4GALT1 may be involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism pathways. Recently, we discovered a single-site missense variant Asn352Ser (N352S) in the functional domain of B4GALT1 in an Amish population, which decreases the level of LDL-cholesterol (LDL-c) as well as the protein levels of ApoB, fibrinogen, and IgG in the blood. To systematically evaluate the effects of this missense variant on protein glycosylation, expression, and secretion, we developed a nano-LC-MS/MS-based platform combined with TMT-labeling for in-depth quantitative proteomic and glycoproteomic analyses in the plasma of individuals homozygous for the B4GALT1 missense variant N352S versus non-carriers (n = 5 per genotype). A total of 488 secreted proteins in the plasma were identified and quantified, 34 of which showed significant fold changes in protein levels between N352S homozygotes and non-carriers. We determined N-glycosylation profiles from 370 glycosylation sites in 151 glycoproteins and identified ten proteins most significantly associated with decreased galactosylation and sialyation in B4GALT1 N352S homozygotes. These results further support that B4GALT1 N352S alters the glycosylation profiles of a variety of critical target proteins, thus governing the functions of these proteins in multiple pathways, such as those involved in lipid metabolism, coagulation, and the immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Zhao
- Analytical Chemistry Group, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Tarrytown, New York, USA.
| | - Shruti Nayak
- Analytical Chemistry Group, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - Shivkumar Raidas
- Analytical Chemistry Group, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - Lili Guo
- Analytical Chemistry Group, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | | | - Sujeethraj Koppolu
- Molecular Profiling and Data Science, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - Gabor Halasz
- Molecular Profiling and Data Science, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - May E Montasser
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition and Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alan R Shuldiner
- Regeneron Genetics Center, LLC, Tarrytown, New York, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition and Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yuan Mao
- Analytical Chemistry Group, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Tarrytown, New York, USA.
| | - Ning Li
- Analytical Chemistry Group, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Tarrytown, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kuwabara Y, York AJ, Lin SC, Sargent MA, Grimes KM, Pirruccello JP, Molkentin JD. A human FLII gene variant alters sarcomeric actin thin filament length and predisposes to cardiomyopathy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2213696120. [PMID: 37126682 PMCID: PMC10175844 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2213696120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To better understand the genetic basis of heart disease, we identified a variant in the Flightless-I homolog (FLII) gene that generates a R1243H missense change and predisposes to cardiac remodeling across multiple previous human genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Since this gene is of unknown function in the mammalian heart we generated gain- and loss-of-function genetically altered mice, as well as knock-in mice with the syntenic R1245H amino acid substitution, which showed that Flii protein binds the sarcomeric actin thin filament and influences its length. Deletion of Flii from the heart, or mice with the R1245H amino acid substitution, show cardiomyopathy due to shortening of the actin thin filaments. Mechanistically, Flii is a known actin binding protein that we show associates with tropomodulin-1 (TMOD1) to regulate sarcomere thin filament length. Indeed, overexpression of leiomodin-2 in the heart, which lengthens the actin-containing thin filaments, partially rescued disease due to heart-specific deletion of Flii. Collectively, the identified FLII human variant likely increases cardiomyopathy risk through an alteration in sarcomere structure and associated contractile dynamics, like other sarcomere gene-based familial cardiomyopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhide Kuwabara
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH45229
| | - Allen J. York
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH45229
| | - Suh-Chin Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH45229
| | - Michelle A. Sargent
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH45229
| | - Kelly M. Grimes
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH45229
| | - James P. Pirruccello
- Division of Cardiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94158
| | - Jeffery D. Molkentin
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital and the University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH45229
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lewis MA, Schulte J, Matthews L, Vaden KI, Steves CJ, Williams FMK, Schulte BA, Dubno JR, Steel KP. Accurate phenotypic classification and exome sequencing allow identification of novel genes and variants associated with adult-onset hearing loss. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.04.27.23289040. [PMID: 37163093 PMCID: PMC10168485 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.27.23289040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Adult-onset progressive hearing loss is a common, complex disease with a strong genetic component. Although to date over 150 genes have been identified as contributing to human hearing loss, many more remain to be discovered, as does most of the underlying genetic diversity. Many different variants have been found to underlie adult-onset hearing loss, but they tend to be rare variants with a high impact upon the gene product. It is likely that combinations of more common, lower impact variants also play a role in the prevalence of the disease. Here we present our exome study of hearing loss in a cohort of 532 older adult volunteers with extensive phenotypic data, including 99 older adults with normal hearing, an important control set. Firstly, we carried out an outlier analysis to identify genes with a high variant load in older adults with hearing loss compared to those with normal hearing. Secondly, we used audiometric threshold data to identify individual variants which appear to contribute to different threshold values. We followed up these analyses in a second cohort. Using these approaches, we identified genes and variants linked to better hearing as well as those linked to worse hearing. These analyses identified some known deafness genes, demonstrating proof of principle of our approach. However, most of the candidate genes are novel associations with hearing loss. While the results support the suggestion that genes responsible for severe deafness may also be involved in milder hearing loss, they also suggest that there are many more genes involved in hearing which remain to be identified. Our candidate gene lists may provide useful starting points for improved diagnosis and drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morag A Lewis
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, SE1 1UL, UK
- The Medical University of South Carolina, SC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Claire J Steves
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, London, UK
| | - Frances M K Williams
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, London, UK
| | | | - Judy R Dubno
- The Medical University of South Carolina, SC, USA
| | - Karen P Steel
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, SE1 1UL, UK
- The Medical University of South Carolina, SC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Haynes BF, Wiehe K, Borrow P, Saunders KO, Korber B, Wagh K, McMichael AJ, Kelsoe G, Hahn BH, Alt F, Shaw GM. Strategies for HIV-1 vaccines that induce broadly neutralizing antibodies. Nat Rev Immunol 2023; 23:142-158. [PMID: 35962033 PMCID: PMC9372928 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-022-00753-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
After nearly four decades of research, a safe and effective HIV-1 vaccine remains elusive. There are many reasons why the development of a potent and durable HIV-1 vaccine is challenging, including the extraordinary genetic diversity of HIV-1 and its complex mechanisms of immune evasion. HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins are poorly recognized by the immune system, which means that potent broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) are only infrequently induced in the setting of HIV-1 infection or through vaccination. Thus, the biology of HIV-1-host interactions necessitates novel strategies for vaccine development to be designed to activate and expand rare bnAb-producing B cell lineages and to select for the acquisition of critical improbable bnAb mutations. Here we discuss strategies for the induction of potent and broad HIV-1 bnAbs and outline the steps that may be necessary for ultimate success.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barton F Haynes
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA. .,Department of Immunology, Duke University of School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Kevin Wiehe
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Persephone Borrow
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kevin O Saunders
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Bette Korber
- T-6: Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA.,New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Kshitij Wagh
- T-6: Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA.,New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Andrew J McMichael
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Garnett Kelsoe
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Immunology, Duke University of School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Beatrice H Hahn
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Frederick Alt
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - George M Shaw
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Han K, Yue Y, Wang W, Wang F, Chai W, Zhao S, Yu M. Lewis x-carrying O-glycans are candidate modulators for conceptus attachment in pigs†. Biol Reprod 2023; 108:292-303. [PMID: 36401880 PMCID: PMC7614189 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful attachment of conceptus to the uterine luminal epithelium (LE) is crucial for establishing a functional placenta in pigs. However, the underlying mechanisms are yet to be elucidated. The uterine LE-conceptus interface is enriched in various glycoconjugates essential to implantation. Using MALDI-MS profiling, we identified for the first time the O-glycan repertoire of pig endometrium during the conceptus attachment stage. The expression pattern of blood group A, O(H), Lewis x, y, a, b (Lex, Ley, Lea, and Leb), the sialylated and sulfated Lex antigens in the uterine LE-conceptus interface was assessed using immunofluorescence assays. Notably, the Lex-carrying O-glycans exhibited a temporal-spatial expression pattern. They were absent in the endometrium on estrous cycle days but strongly and spatially presented in the conceptus and uterine LE to which the conceptus apposes during the early conceptus attachment stage. In addition, Lex-carrying O-glycans were co-localized with secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1), a well-characterized factor that plays a role in promoting conceptus attachment through interacting with integrin αVβ3 and integrin αVβ6. Meanwhile, the immunoprecipitation assays revealed an interaction between the Lex-carrying O-glycans and SPP1, integrin αV, and integrin β6. Furthermore, we provided evidence that the β1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 (B4GALT1) gene is a potential regulator for Lex antigen expression in the uterine LE-conceptus interface during the early conceptus attachment stage. In conclusion, our findings show that Lex-carrying O-glycans, presumably dependent on B4GALT1 gene expression, might modulate conceptus attachment by interacting with the SPP1-integrin receptor complex in pigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Han
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yulu Yue
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Feiyu Wang
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wengang Chai
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Shuhong Zhao
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mei Yu
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cheng H, Wang S, Gao D, Yu K, Chen H, Huang Y, Li M, Zhang J, Guo K. Nucleotide sugar transporter SLC35A2 is involved in promoting hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis by regulating cellular glycosylation. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2022; 46:283-297. [PMID: 36454514 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00749-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Recently, aberrant glycosylation has been recognized to be relate to malignant behaviors of cancer and outcomes of patients with various cancers. SLC35A2 plays an indispensable role on glycosylation as a nucleotide sugar transporter. However, effects of SLC35A2 on malignant behaviors of cancer cells and alteration of cancer cells surface glycosylation profiles are still not fully understood, particularly in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hence, from a glycosylation perspective, we investigated the effects of SLC35A2 on metastatic behaviors of HCC cells. METHODS SLC35A2 expression in clinical samples and HCC cells was examined by immunohistochemical staining or Western blot/quantitative PCR and was regulated by RNA interference or vectors-mediated transfection. Effects of SLC35A2 expression alteration on metastatic behaviors and membrane glycan profile of HCC cells were observed by using respectively invasion, migration, cell adhesion assay, in vivo lung metastatic nude mouse model and lectins microarray. Co-location among proteins in HCC cells was observed by fluorescence microscope and detected by an in vitro co-immunoprecipitation assay. RESULTS SLC35A2 was upregulated in HCC tissues, and is associated with poor prognosis of HCC patients. SLC35A2 expression alteration significantly affected the invasion, adhesion, metastasis and membrane glycan profile and led to the dysregulated expressions or glycosylation of cell adhesion-related molecules in HCC cells. Mechanistically, the maintenance of SLC35A2 activity is critical for the recruitment of the key galactosyltransferase B4GalT1, which is responsible for complex glycoconjugate and lactose biosynthesis, to Golgi apparatus in HCC cells. CONCLUSION SLC35A2 plays important roles in promoting HCC metastasis by regulating cellular glycosylation modification and inducing the cell adhesive ability of HCC cells.
Collapse
|
12
|
Lewis MA, Schulte BA, Dubno JR, Steel KP. Investigating the characteristics of genes and variants associated with self-reported hearing difficulty in older adults in the UK Biobank. BMC Biol 2022; 20:150. [PMID: 35761239 PMCID: PMC9238072 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01349-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-related hearing loss is a common, heterogeneous disease with a strong genetic component. More than 100 loci have been reported to be involved in human hearing impairment to date, but most of the genes underlying human adult-onset hearing loss remain unknown. Most genetic studies have focussed on very rare variants (such as family studies and patient cohort screens) or very common variants (genome-wide association studies). However, the contribution of variants present in the human population at intermediate frequencies is hard to quantify using these methods, and as a result, the landscape of variation associated with adult-onset hearing loss remains largely unknown. RESULTS Here we present a study based on exome sequencing and self-reported hearing difficulty in the UK Biobank, a large-scale biomedical database. We have carried out variant load analyses using different minor allele frequency and impact filters, and compared the resulting gene lists to a manually curated list of nearly 700 genes known to be involved in hearing in humans and/or mice. An allele frequency cutoff of 0.1, combined with a high predicted variant impact, was found to be the most effective filter setting for our analysis. We also found that separating the participants by sex produced markedly different gene lists. The gene lists obtained were investigated using gene ontology annotation, functional prioritisation and expression analysis, and this identified good candidates for further study. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that relatively common as well as rare variants with a high predicted impact contribute to age-related hearing impairment and that the genetic contributions to adult hearing difficulty may differ between the sexes. Our manually curated list of deafness genes is a useful resource for candidate gene prioritisation in hearing loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morag A Lewis
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
| | | | - Judy R Dubno
- The Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Karen P Steel
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
An Amish founder population reveals rare-population genetic determinants of the human lipidome. Commun Biol 2022; 5:334. [PMID: 35393526 PMCID: PMC8989972 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03291-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying the genetic determinants of inter-individual variation in lipid species (lipidome) may provide deeper understanding and additional insight into the mechanistic effect of complex lipidomic pathways in CVD risk and progression beyond simple traditional lipids. Previous studies have been largely population based and thus only powered to discover associations with common genetic variants. Founder populations represent a powerful resource to accelerate discovery of previously unknown biology associated with rare population alleles that have risen to higher frequency due to genetic drift. We performed a genome-wide association scan of 355 lipid species in 650 individuals from the Amish founder population including 127 lipid species not previously tested. To the best of our knowledge, we report for the first time the lipid species associated with two rare-population but Amish-enriched lipid variants: APOB_rs5742904 and APOC3_rs76353203. We also identified novel associations for 3 rare-population Amish-enriched loci with several sphingolipids and with proposed potential functional/causal variant in each locus including GLTPD2_rs536055318, CERS5_rs771033566, and AKNA_rs531892793. We replicated 7 previously known common loci including novel associations with two sterols: androstenediol with UGT locus and estriol with SLC22A8/A24 locus. Our results show the double power of founder populations and detailed lipidome to discover novel trait-associated variants. A GWAS of 355 lipid species in the Old Order Amish founder population reveals associations between Amish-enriched loci and several sphingolipids.
Collapse
|