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Bround MJ, Abay E, Huo J, Havens JR, York AJ, Bers DM, Molkentin JD. MCU-independent Ca 2+ uptake mediates mitochondrial Ca 2+ overload and necrotic cell death in a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6751. [PMID: 38514795 PMCID: PMC10957967 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57340-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial Ca2+ overload can mediate mitochondria-dependent cell death, a major contributor to several human diseases. Indeed, Duchenne muscular dystrophy (MD) is driven by dysfunctional Ca2+ influx across the sarcolemma that causes mitochondrial Ca2+ overload, organelle rupture, and muscle necrosis. The mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) complex is the primary characterized mechanism for acute mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. One strategy for preventing mitochondrial Ca2+ overload is deletion of the Mcu gene, the pore forming subunit of the MCU-complex. Conversely, enhanced MCU-complex Ca2+ uptake is achieved by deleting the inhibitory Mcub gene. Here we show that myofiber-specific Mcu deletion was not protective in a mouse model of Duchenne MD. Specifically, Mcu gene deletion did not reduce muscle histopathology, did not improve muscle function, and did not prevent mitochondrial Ca2+ overload. Moreover, myofiber specific Mcub gene deletion did not augment Duchenne MD muscle pathology. Interestingly, we observed MCU-independent Ca2+ uptake in dystrophic mitochondria that was sufficient to drive mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) activation and skeletal muscle necrosis, and this same type of activity was observed in heart, liver, and brain mitochondria. These results demonstrate that mitochondria possess an uncharacterized MCU-independent Ca2+ uptake mechanism that is sufficient to drive MPTP-dependent necrosis in MD in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Bround
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, 240 Albert Sabin Way, MLC 7020, Cincinnati, OH, 45229-3039, USA
| | - Eaman Abay
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, 240 Albert Sabin Way, MLC 7020, Cincinnati, OH, 45229-3039, USA
| | - Jiuzhou Huo
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, 240 Albert Sabin Way, MLC 7020, Cincinnati, OH, 45229-3039, USA
| | - Julian R Havens
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, 240 Albert Sabin Way, MLC 7020, Cincinnati, OH, 45229-3039, USA
| | - Allen J York
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, 240 Albert Sabin Way, MLC 7020, Cincinnati, OH, 45229-3039, USA
| | - Donald M Bers
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Jeffery D Molkentin
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, 240 Albert Sabin Way, MLC 7020, Cincinnati, OH, 45229-3039, USA.
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2
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Bowers SLK, Meng Q, Kuwabara Y, Huo J, Minerath R, York AJ, Sargent MA, Prasad V, Saviola AJ, Galindo DC, Hansen KC, Vagnozzi RJ, Yutzey KE, Molkentin JD. Col1a2-Deleted Mice Have Defective Type I Collagen and Secondary Reactive Cardiac Fibrosis with Altered Hypertrophic Dynamics. Cells 2023; 12:2174. [PMID: 37681905 PMCID: PMC10486458 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE The adult cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM) is largely comprised of type I collagen. In addition to serving as the primary structural support component of the cardiac ECM, type I collagen also provides an organizational platform for other ECM proteins, matricellular proteins, and signaling components that impact cellular stress sensing in vivo. OBJECTIVE Here we investigated how the content and integrity of type I collagen affect cardiac structure function and response to injury. METHODS AND RESULTS We generated and characterized Col1a2-/- mice using standard gene targeting. Col1a2-/- mice were viable, although by young adulthood their hearts showed alterations in ECM mechanical properties, as well as an unanticipated activation of cardiac fibroblasts and induction of a progressive fibrotic response. This included augmented TGFβ activity, increases in fibroblast number, and progressive cardiac hypertrophy, with reduced functional performance by 9 months of age. Col1a2-loxP-targeted mice were also generated and crossed with the tamoxifen-inducible Postn-MerCreMer mice to delete the Col1a2 gene in myofibroblasts with pressure overload injury. Interestingly, while germline Col1a2-/- mice showed gradual pathologic hypertrophy and fibrosis with aging, the acute deletion of Col1a2 from activated adult myofibroblasts showed a loss of total collagen deposition with acute cardiac injury and an acute reduction in pressure overload-induce cardiac hypertrophy. However, this reduction in hypertrophy due to myofibroblast-specific Col1a2 deletion was lost after 2 and 6 weeks of pressure overload, as fibrotic deposition accumulated. CONCLUSIONS Defective type I collagen in the heart alters the structural integrity of the ECM and leads to cardiomyopathy in adulthood, with fibroblast expansion, activation, and alternate fibrotic ECM deposition. However, acute inhibition of type I collagen production can have an anti-fibrotic and anti-hypertrophic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L. K. Bowers
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Qinghang Meng
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Center for Organoid and Regeneration Medicine, Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Guangzhou 511466, China
| | - Yasuhide Kuwabara
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jiuzhou Huo
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Rachel Minerath
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Allen J. York
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Michelle A. Sargent
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Vikram Prasad
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Anthony J. Saviola
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - David Ceja Galindo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kirk C. Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ronald J. Vagnozzi
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Katherine E. Yutzey
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jeffery D. Molkentin
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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3
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Bround MJ, Havens JR, York AJ, Sargent MA, Karch J, Molkentin JD. ANT-dependent MPTP underlies necrotic myofiber death in muscular dystrophy. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadi2767. [PMID: 37624892 PMCID: PMC10456852 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi2767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) formation contributes to ischemia-reperfusion injury in the heart and several degenerative diseases, including muscular dystrophy (MD). MD is a family of genetic disorders characterized by progressive muscle necrosis and premature death. It has been proposed that the MPTP has two molecular components, the adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) family of proteins and an unknown component that requires the chaperone cyclophilin D (CypD) to activate. This model was examined in vivo by deleting the gene encoding ANT1 (Slc25a4) or CypD (Ppif) in a δ-sarcoglycan (Sgcd) gene-deleted mouse model of MD, revealing that dystrophic mice lacking Slc25a4 were partially protected from cell death and MD pathology. Dystrophic mice lacking both Slc25a4 and Ppif together were almost completely protected from necrotic cell death and MD disease. This study provides direct evidence that ANT1 and CypD are required MPTP components governing in vivo cell death, suggesting a previously unrecognized therapeutic approach in MD and other necrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Bround
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital and the University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Julian R. Havens
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital and the University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Allen J. York
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital and the University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michelle A. Sargent
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital and the University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jason Karch
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeffery D. Molkentin
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital and the University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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4
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Kuwabara Y, York AJ, Lin SC, Sargent MA, Grimes KM, Pirruccello JP, Molkentin JD. A human FLII gene variant alters sarcomeric actin thin filament length and predisposes to cardiomyopathy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2213696120. [PMID: 37126682 PMCID: PMC10175844 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2213696120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To better understand the genetic basis of heart disease, we identified a variant in the Flightless-I homolog (FLII) gene that generates a R1243H missense change and predisposes to cardiac remodeling across multiple previous human genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Since this gene is of unknown function in the mammalian heart we generated gain- and loss-of-function genetically altered mice, as well as knock-in mice with the syntenic R1245H amino acid substitution, which showed that Flii protein binds the sarcomeric actin thin filament and influences its length. Deletion of Flii from the heart, or mice with the R1245H amino acid substitution, show cardiomyopathy due to shortening of the actin thin filaments. Mechanistically, Flii is a known actin binding protein that we show associates with tropomodulin-1 (TMOD1) to regulate sarcomere thin filament length. Indeed, overexpression of leiomodin-2 in the heart, which lengthens the actin-containing thin filaments, partially rescued disease due to heart-specific deletion of Flii. Collectively, the identified FLII human variant likely increases cardiomyopathy risk through an alteration in sarcomere structure and associated contractile dynamics, like other sarcomere gene-based familial cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhide Kuwabara
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH45229
| | - Allen J. York
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH45229
| | - Suh-Chin Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH45229
| | - Michelle A. Sargent
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH45229
| | - Kelly M. Grimes
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH45229
| | - James P. Pirruccello
- Division of Cardiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94158
| | - Jeffery D. Molkentin
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital and the University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH45229
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5
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Yan R, Cigliola V, Oonk KA, Petrover Z, DeLuca S, Wolfson DW, Vekstein A, Mendiola MA, Devlin G, Bishawi M, Gemberling MP, Sinha T, Sargent MA, York AJ, Shakked A, DeBenedittis P, Wendell DC, Ou J, Kang J, Goldman JA, Baht GS, Karra R, Williams AR, Bowles DE, Asokan A, Tzahor E, Gersbach CA, Molkentin JD, Bursac N, Black BL, Poss KD. An enhancer-based gene-therapy strategy for spatiotemporal control of cargoes during tissue repair. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:96-111.e6. [PMID: 36516837 PMCID: PMC9830588 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2022.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy and safety of gene-therapy strategies for indications like tissue damage hinge on precision; yet, current methods afford little spatial or temporal control of payload delivery. Here, we find that tissue-regeneration enhancer elements (TREEs) isolated from zebrafish can direct targeted, injury-associated gene expression from viral DNA vectors delivered systemically in small and large adult mammalian species. When employed in combination with CRISPR-based epigenome editing tools in mice, zebrafish TREEs stimulated or repressed the expression of endogenous genes after ischemic myocardial infarction. Intravenously delivered recombinant AAV vectors designed with a TREE to direct a constitutively active YAP factor boosted indicators of cardiac regeneration in mice and improved the function of the injured heart. Our findings establish the application of contextual enhancer elements as a potential therapeutic platform for spatiotemporally controlled tissue regeneration in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruorong Yan
- Duke Regeneration Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Valentina Cigliola
- Duke Regeneration Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kelsey A Oonk
- Duke Regeneration Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Zachary Petrover
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sophia DeLuca
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - David W Wolfson
- Duke Regeneration Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Andrew Vekstein
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Garth Devlin
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Muath Bishawi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Matthew P Gemberling
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Tanvi Sinha
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michelle A Sargent
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Allen J York
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Avraham Shakked
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - David C Wendell
- Duke Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jianhong Ou
- Duke Regeneration Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Junsu Kang
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Joseph A Goldman
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gurpreet S Baht
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ravi Karra
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Adam R Williams
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Dawn E Bowles
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Aravind Asokan
- Duke Regeneration Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Eldad Tzahor
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Charles A Gersbach
- Duke Regeneration Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jeffery D Molkentin
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Nenad Bursac
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Brian L Black
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth D Poss
- Duke Regeneration Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, USA; Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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6
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Awe TJ, Perea L, Hanson JC, York AJ, Johnson DW, Benney DJ, Crabtree JA. Publisher's Note: "Development of a deuterium-ice extruder for inertial confinement fusion experiments on the Z facility" [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 92, 073505 (2021)]. Rev Sci Instrum 2021; 92:089901. [PMID: 34470403 DOI: 10.1063/5.0064713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T J Awe
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - L Perea
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - J C Hanson
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - A J York
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - D W Johnson
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - D J Benney
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - J A Crabtree
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
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7
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Davis G, York AJ, Bacon WC, Lin SC, McNeal MM, Yarawsky AE, Maciag JJ, Miller JLC, Locker KCS, Bailey M, Stone R, Hall M, Gonzalez J, Sproles A, Woodle ES, Safier K, Justus KA, Spearman P, Ware RE, Cancelas JA, Jordan MB, Herr AB, Hildeman DA, Molkentin JD. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Cincinnati Ohio USA from August to December 2020. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254667. [PMID: 34260645 PMCID: PMC8279307 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The world is currently in a pandemic of COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease-2019) caused by a novel positive-sense, single-stranded RNA β-coronavirus referred to as SARS-CoV-2. Here we investigated rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the greater Cincinnati, Ohio, USA metropolitan area from August 13 to December 8, 2020, just prior to initiation of the national vaccination program. Examination of 9,550 adult blood donor volunteers for serum IgG antibody positivity against the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein showed an overall prevalence of 8.40%, measured as 7.56% in the first 58 days and 9.24% in the last 58 days, and 12.86% in December 2020, which we extrapolated to ~20% as of March, 2021. Males and females showed similar rates of past infection, and rates among Hispanic or Latinos, African Americans and Whites were also investigated. Donors under 30 years of age had the highest rates of past infection, while those over 60 had the lowest. Geographic analysis showed higher rates of infectivity on the West side of Cincinnati compared with the East side (split by I-75) and the lowest rates in the adjoining region of Kentucky (across the Ohio river). These results in regional seroprevalence will help inform efforts to best achieve herd immunity in conjunction with the national vaccination campaign.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Davis
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United State of America
| | - Allen J. York
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United State of America
| | - Willis Clark Bacon
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United State of America
| | - Suh-Chin Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United State of America
| | - Monica Malone McNeal
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United State of America
| | - Alexander E. Yarawsky
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United State of America
| | - Joseph J. Maciag
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United State of America
| | - Jeanette L. C. Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United State of America
| | - Kathryn C. S. Locker
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United State of America
| | - Michelle Bailey
- Hoxworth Blood Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Stone
- Hoxworth Blood Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Michael Hall
- Hoxworth Blood Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Judith Gonzalez
- Hoxworth Blood Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Alyssa Sproles
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United State of America
| | - E. Steve Woodle
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kristen Safier
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United State of America
| | - Kristine A. Justus
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United State of America
| | - Paul Spearman
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United State of America
| | - Russell E. Ware
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United State of America
| | - Jose A. Cancelas
- Hoxworth Blood Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Michael B. Jordan
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United State of America
| | - Andrew B. Herr
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United State of America
| | - David A. Hildeman
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United State of America
| | - Jeffery D. Molkentin
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United State of America
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8
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Awe TJ, Perea L, Hanson JC, York AJ, Johnson DW, Benney DJ, Crabtree JA. Development of a deuterium-ice extruder for inertial confinement fusion experiments on the Z Facility. Rev Sci Instrum 2021; 92:073505. [PMID: 34340419 DOI: 10.1063/5.0055995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A deuterium-ice extruder has been developed for inertial confinement fusion experiments on the Sandia National Laboratories Z Facility. The screw-driven extruder is filled via desublimation, where a slow flow of deuterium gas enters the extruder cavity and freezes to the walls without entering the liquid phase. Ice generated in this manner is optically clear, demonstrating its high uniformity. When the extruder cavity is filled with ice, the screw is driven downward, closing off the gas-fill line. With the ice cavity isolated, further screw rotation compresses the deuterium through a nozzle, extruding a fiber. Fiber diameters ranging from 200 to 500 µm have been extruded to lengths of 1.5 feet before hitting the vacuum chamber floor. The fiber straightness improves with the nozzle length-to-diameter aspect ratio. Deuterium-ice fibers can persist in high vacuum for more than 10 min before breaking free from the nozzle. The peripheral infrastructure required for Z experimental operations is under development. An in-vacuum stepper-motor-based drive system will allow remote operation, and a translating cathode will ensure proper placement of the fiber in the powerflow hardware.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Awe
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - L Perea
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - J C Hanson
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - A J York
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - D W Johnson
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - D J Benney
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - J A Crabtree
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
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9
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Sun F, Wang G, Pradhan A, Xu K, Gomez-Arroyo J, Zhang Y, Kalin GT, Deng Z, Vagnozzi RJ, He H, Dunn AW, Wang Y, York AJ, Hegde RS, Woods JC, Kalin TV, Molkentin JD, Kalinichenko VV. Nanoparticle Delivery of STAT3 Alleviates Pulmonary Hypertension in a Mouse Model of Alveolar Capillary Dysplasia. Circulation 2021; 144:539-555. [PMID: 34111939 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.053980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a common complication in patients with alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins (ACDMPV), a severe congenital disorder associated with mutations in the FOXF1 gene. Although the loss of alveolar microvasculature causes PH in patients with ACDMPV, it is unknown whether increasing neonatal lung angiogenesis could prevent PH and right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy. METHODS We used echocardiography, RV catheterization, immunostaining, and biochemical methods to examine lung and heart remodeling and RV output in Foxf1WT/S52F mice carrying the S52F Foxf1 mutation (identified in patients with ACDMPV). The ability of Foxf1WT/S52F mutant embryonic stem cells to differentiate into respiratory cell lineages in vivo was examined using blastocyst complementation. Intravascular delivery of nanoparticles with a nonintegrating Stat3 expression vector was used to improve neonatal pulmonary angiogenesis in Foxf1WT/S52F mice and determine its effects on PH and RV hypertrophy. RESULTS Foxf1WT/S52F mice developed PH and RV hypertrophy after birth. The severity of PH in Foxf1WT/S52F mice directly correlated with mortality, low body weight, pulmonary artery muscularization, and increased collagen deposition in the lung tissue. Increased fibrotic remodeling was found in human ACDMPV lungs. Mouse embryonic stem cells carrying the S52F Foxf1 mutation were used to produce chimeras through blastocyst complementation and to demonstrate that Foxf1WT/S52F embryonic stem cells have a propensity to differentiate into pulmonary myofibroblasts. Intravascular delivery of nanoparticles carrying Stat3 cDNA protected Foxf1WT/S52F mice from RV hypertrophy and PH, improved survival, and decreased fibrotic lung remodeling. CONCLUSIONS Nanoparticle therapies increasing neonatal pulmonary angiogenesis may be considered to prevent PH in ACDMPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Sun
- Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine, Perinatal Institute (F.S., G.W., A.P., K.X., J.G.-A., Y.Z., G.T.K., Z.D., A.W.D., V.V.K.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH
| | - Guolun Wang
- Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine, Perinatal Institute (F.S., G.W., A.P., K.X., J.G.-A., Y.Z., G.T.K., Z.D., A.W.D., V.V.K.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH
| | - Arun Pradhan
- Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine, Perinatal Institute (F.S., G.W., A.P., K.X., J.G.-A., Y.Z., G.T.K., Z.D., A.W.D., V.V.K.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH
| | - Kui Xu
- Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine, Perinatal Institute (F.S., G.W., A.P., K.X., J.G.-A., Y.Z., G.T.K., Z.D., A.W.D., V.V.K.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH
| | - Jose Gomez-Arroyo
- Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine, Perinatal Institute (F.S., G.W., A.P., K.X., J.G.-A., Y.Z., G.T.K., Z.D., A.W.D., V.V.K.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care (J.G.-A.), University of Cincinnati, OH
| | - Yufang Zhang
- Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine, Perinatal Institute (F.S., G.W., A.P., K.X., J.G.-A., Y.Z., G.T.K., Z.D., A.W.D., V.V.K.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH
| | - Gregory T Kalin
- Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine, Perinatal Institute (F.S., G.W., A.P., K.X., J.G.-A., Y.Z., G.T.K., Z.D., A.W.D., V.V.K.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH
- Division of Pulmonary Biology (G.T.K., H.H., T.V.K., J.D.M., V.V.K.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH
| | - Zicheng Deng
- Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine, Perinatal Institute (F.S., G.W., A.P., K.X., J.G.-A., Y.Z., G.T.K., Z.D., A.W.D., V.V.K.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH
- The Materials Science and Engineering Program, College of Engineering and Applied Science (Z.D., A.W.D.), University of Cincinnati, OH
| | - Ronald J Vagnozzi
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Heart Institute (R.J.V., A.J.Y., J.D.M.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH
| | - Hua He
- Division of Pulmonary Biology (G.T.K., H.H., T.V.K., J.D.M., V.V.K.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH
| | - Andrew W Dunn
- Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine, Perinatal Institute (F.S., G.W., A.P., K.X., J.G.-A., Y.Z., G.T.K., Z.D., A.W.D., V.V.K.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH
- The Materials Science and Engineering Program, College of Engineering and Applied Science (Z.D., A.W.D.), University of Cincinnati, OH
| | - Yuhua Wang
- Division of Developmental Biology (Y.W., R.S.H., V.V.K.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH
| | - Allen J York
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Heart Institute (R.J.V., A.J.Y., J.D.M.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH
| | - Rashmi S Hegde
- Division of Developmental Biology (Y.W., R.S.H., V.V.K.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH
- Department of Pediatrics (R.S.H., J.C.W., T.V.K., J.S.M., V.V.K.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH
| | - Jason C Woods
- Department of Pediatrics (R.S.H., J.C.W., T.V.K., J.S.M., V.V.K.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine (J.C.W.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH
| | - Tanya V Kalin
- Division of Pulmonary Biology (G.T.K., H.H., T.V.K., J.D.M., V.V.K.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH
- Department of Pediatrics (R.S.H., J.C.W., T.V.K., J.S.M., V.V.K.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH
| | - Jeffery D Molkentin
- Division of Pulmonary Biology (G.T.K., H.H., T.V.K., J.D.M., V.V.K.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Heart Institute (R.J.V., A.J.Y., J.D.M.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH
- Department of Pediatrics (R.S.H., J.C.W., T.V.K., J.S.M., V.V.K.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (J.D.M.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH
| | - Vladimir V Kalinichenko
- Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine, Perinatal Institute (F.S., G.W., A.P., K.X., J.G.-A., Y.Z., G.T.K., Z.D., A.W.D., V.V.K.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH
- Division of Pulmonary Biology (G.T.K., H.H., T.V.K., J.D.M., V.V.K.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH
- Division of Developmental Biology (Y.W., R.S.H., V.V.K.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH
- Department of Pediatrics (R.S.H., J.C.W., T.V.K., J.S.M., V.V.K.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH
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10
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Vagnozzi RJ, Maillet M, Sargent MA, Khalil H, Johansen AKZ, Schwanekamp JA, York AJ, Huang V, Nahrendorf M, Sadayappan S, Molkentin JD. An acute immune response underlies the benefit of cardiac stem cell therapy. Nature 2019; 577:405-409. [PMID: 31775156 PMCID: PMC6962570 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1802-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Clinical trials using adult stem cells to regenerate damaged heart tissue continue to this day1,2 despite ongoing questions of efficacy and a lack of mechanistic understanding of the underlying biologic effect3. The rationale for these cell therapy trials is derived from animal studies that show a modest but reproducible improvement in cardiac function in models of cardiac ischemic injury4,5. Here we examined the mechanistic basis for cell therapy in mice after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, and while heart function was enhanced, it was not associated with new cardiomyocyte production. Cell therapy improved heart function through an acute sterile immune response characterized by the temporal and regional induction of CCR2+ and CX3CR1+ macrophages. Intra-cardiac injection of 2 distinct types of adult stem cells, freeze/thaw-killed cells or a chemical inducer of the innate immune response similarly induced regional CCR2+ and CX3CR1+ macrophage accumulation and provided functional rejuvenation to the I/R-injured heart. This selective macrophage response altered cardiac fibroblast activity, reduced border zone extracellular matrix (ECM) content, and enhanced the mechanical properties of the injured area. The functional benefit of cardiac cell therapy is thus due to an acute inflammatory-based wound healing response that rejuvenates the mechanical properties of the infarcted area of the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald J Vagnozzi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Marjorie Maillet
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michelle A Sargent
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Hadi Khalil
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Anne Katrine Z Johansen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jennifer A Schwanekamp
- Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Allen J York
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Vincent Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Matthias Nahrendorf
- Center for Systems Biology, Department of Imaging, Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital of the Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sakthivel Sadayappan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jeffery D Molkentin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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11
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Wang Y, Pandey RN, York AJ, Mallela J, Nichols WC, Hu YC, Molkentin JD, Wikenheiser-Brokamp KA, Hegde RS. The EYA3 tyrosine phosphatase activity promotes pulmonary vascular remodeling in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4143. [PMID: 31515519 PMCID: PMC6742632 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12226-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In pulmonary hypertension vascular remodeling leads to narrowing of distal pulmonary arterioles and increased pulmonary vascular resistance. Vascular remodeling is promoted by the survival and proliferation of pulmonary arterial vascular cells in a DNA-damaging, hostile microenvironment. Here we report that levels of Eyes Absent 3 (EYA3) are elevated in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells from patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and that EYA3 tyrosine phosphatase activity promotes the survival of these cells under DNA-damaging conditions. Transgenic mice harboring an inactivating mutation in the EYA3 tyrosine phosphatase domain are significantly protected from vascular remodeling. Pharmacological inhibition of the EYA3 tyrosine phosphatase activity substantially reverses vascular remodeling in a rat model of angio-obliterative pulmonary hypertension. Together these observations establish EYA3 as a disease-modifying target whose function in the pathophysiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension can be targeted by available inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Wang
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Ram Naresh Pandey
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Allen J York
- Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Jaya Mallela
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - William C Nichols
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Yueh-Chiang Hu
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Jeffery D Molkentin
- Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Kathryn A Wikenheiser-Brokamp
- Division of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Perinatal Institute, Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Rashmi S Hegde
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
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12
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Brody MJ, Vanhoutte D, Viswanathan MC, Nguyen T, Maillet M, York AJ, Sargent MA, Cammarato A, Molkentin JD. Abstract 548: Evolutionarily Conserved Functions for Valosin Containing Protein (VCP) in Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle Reveal Mechanistic Insights into Multisystem Proteinopathy. Circ Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1161/res.123.suppl_1.548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Valosin Containing Protein (VCP)/p97 is a AAA-ATPase with functions in vast cellular protein quality control processes, including targeting of misfolded or aggregated proteins for degradation by the ubiquitin proteasome system and autophagy. Mutations in VCP cause a multisystem degenerative proteinopathy disorder that includes pathologies of the nervous system, skeletal muscle, bone, and heart. However, the molecular function of VCP in myocytes is unknown. We generated cardiomyocyte-specific transgenic mice overexpressing wildtype VCP or a VCP
K524A
mutant with deficient ATPase activity. Mice overexpressing wildtype VCP exhibit normal cardiac structure and function while mutant VCP overexpressing mice develop cardiomyopathy and have elevated levels of ubiquitinated proteins in the heart. Additionally, we generated transgenic flies overexpressing wildtype VCP or VCP
K524A
in muscle. Flies overexpressing the VCP ATPase-deficient mutant have reduced flight ability at two days of age and are unable to fly at seven days of age, suggesting conserved indispensable homeostatic functions for VCP in heart and skeletal muscle. Moreover, mouse hearts and
Drosophila
indirect flight muscle overexpressing the ATPase-deficient VCP mutant exhibit profound ultrastructural abnormalities consistent with dysregulation of proteostasis. Extensive proteomics in
Drosophila
and in mouse heart identified conserved interactions of VCP with protein complexes that suggest unique functions for VCP in regulating novel quality control pathways in muscle. These data and novel regulatory relationships will be presented, which implicate important and evolutionarily conserved functions for VCP and suggest molecular mechanisms that underlie the molecular etiology of multisystem proteinopathy disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Allen J York
- Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Howard Hughes Med Institute, Cincinnati, OH
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13
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Correll RN, Makarewich CA, Zhang H, Zhang C, Sargent MA, York AJ, Berretta RM, Chen X, Houser SR, Molkentin JD. Caveolae-localized L-type Ca2+ channels do not contribute to function or hypertrophic signalling in the mouse heart. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 113:749-759. [PMID: 28402392 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims L-type Ca2+ channels (LTCCs) in adult cardiomyocytes are localized to t-tubules where they initiate excitation-contraction coupling. Our recent work has shown that a subpopulation of LTCCs found at the surface sarcolemma in caveolae of adult feline cardiomyocytes can also generate a Ca2+ microdomain that activates nuclear factor of activated T-cells signaling and cardiac hypertrophy, although the relevance of this paradigm to hypertrophy regulation in vivo has not been examined. Methods and results Here we generated heart-specific transgenic mice with a putative caveolae-targeted LTCC activator protein that was ineffective in initiating or enhancing cardiac hypertrophy in vivo. We also generated transgenic mice with cardiac-specific overexpression of a putative caveolae-targeted inhibitor of LTCCs, and while this protein inhibited caveolae-localized LTCCs without effects on global Ca2+ handling, it similarly had no effect on cardiac hypertrophy in vivo. Cardiac hypertrophy was elicited by pressure overload for 2 or 12 weeks or with neurohumoral agonist infusion. Caveolae-specific LTCC activator or inhibitor transgenic mice showed no greater change in nuclear factor of activated T-cells activity after 2 weeks of pressure overload stimulation compared with control mice. Conclusion Our results indicate that LTCCs in the caveolae microdomain do not affect cardiac function and are not necessary for the regulation of hypertrophic signaling in the adult mouse heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert N Correll
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, 240 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Catherine A Makarewich
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Michelle A Sargent
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, 240 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Allen J York
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, 240 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Remus M Berretta
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Xiongwen Chen
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Steven R Houser
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Jeffery D Molkentin
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, 240 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 240 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
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14
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Correll RN, Lynch JM, Sargent MA, York AJ, Molkentin JD. Abstract 155: ATF6 is a Mediator of Cardiac Hypertrophy During Pressure Overload in the Mouse Heart. Circ Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1161/res.121.suppl_1.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response is one of many signaling events activated in the heart in response to injury and/or cardiac hypertrophy, although the role that this response pathway plays in such events remains under investigation. Recently, our laboratory demonstrated that overexpression of thrombospondin-4 (Thbs4) resulted in a protective ER stress response via activation of activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), and that mice gene-deleted for Thbs4 demonstrated compromised ER stress signaling and decreased survival after transverse aortic constriction (TAC) or myocardial infarction (MI) surgery. Here we confirm that Thbs4-mediated expansion of the ER compartment requires ATF6 and examine whether the protective ER stress response mediated by transgenic overexpression of Thbs4 is eliminated when crossed with gene-deleted mice lacking ATF6. We also examined cardiac-specific transgenic mice overexpressing the transcriptionally-active ATF6 N-terminus, as well as mice gene-deleted for ATF6, in combination with disease stimuli including TAC and MI surgery. We find that ATF6 proteins are required for compensatory hypertrophy in the mouse heart and that loss of these proteins results in accelerated decompensation and failure, likely due to reductions in ER folding capacity that is required for the increased protein production necessary for cardiac hypertrophy. These results firmly position ATF6 as an essential regulator of compensatory cardiac hypertrophy during disease.
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15
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Correll RN, Lynch JM, Schips TG, Prasad V, York AJ, Sargent MA, Brochet DXP, Ma J, Molkentin JD. Mitsugumin 29 regulates t-tubule architecture in the failing heart. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5328. [PMID: 28706255 PMCID: PMC5509714 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05284-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Transverse tubules (t-tubules) are uniquely-adapted membrane invaginations in cardiac myocytes that facilitate the synchronous release of Ca2+ from internal stores and subsequent myofilament contraction, although these structures become disorganized and rarefied in heart failure. We previously observed that mitsugumin 29 (Mg29), an important t-tubule organizing protein in skeletal muscle, was induced in the mouse heart for the first time during dilated cardiomyopathy with heart failure. Here we generated cardiac-specific transgenic mice expressing Mg29 to model this observed induction in the failing heart. Interestingly, expression of Mg29 in the hearts of Csrp3 null mice (encoding muscle LIM protein, MLP) partially restored t-tubule structure and preserved cardiac function as measured by invasive hemodynamics, without altering Ca2+ spark frequency. Conversely, gene-deleted mice lacking both Mg29 and MLP protein showed a further reduction in t-tubule organization and accelerated heart failure. Thus, induction of Mg29 in the failing heart is a compensatory response that directly counteracts the well-characterized loss of t-tubule complexity and reduced expression of anchoring proteins such as junctophilin-2 (Jph2) that normally occur in this disease. Moreover, preservation of t-tubule structure by Mg29 induction significantly increases the function of the failing heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert N Correll
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Lynch
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229, USA
| | - Tobias G Schips
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229, USA
| | - Vikram Prasad
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229, USA
| | - Allen J York
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229, USA
| | - Michelle A Sargent
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229, USA
| | - Didier X P Brochet
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine and Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology (BioMET), Baltimore, Maryland, 21201, USA
| | - Jianjie Ma
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
| | - Jeffery D Molkentin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229, USA. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229, USA.
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16
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Liu R, van Berlo JH, York AJ, Vagnozzi RJ, Maillet M, Molkentin JD. DUSP8 Regulates Cardiac Ventricular Remodeling by Altering ERK1/2 Signaling. Circ Res 2016; 119:249-60. [PMID: 27225478 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.308238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling regulates the growth response of the adult myocardium in response to increased cardiac workload or pathological insults. The dual-specificity phosphatases (DUSPs) are critical effectors, which dephosphorylate the MAPKs to control the basal tone, amplitude, and duration of MAPK signaling. OBJECTIVE To examine DUSP8 as a regulator of MAPK signaling in the heart and its impact on ventricular and cardiac myocyte growth dynamics. METHODS AND RESULTS Dusp8 gene-deleted mice and transgenic mice with inducible expression of DUSP8 in the heart were used here to investigate how this MAPK-phosphatase might regulate intracellular signaling and cardiac growth dynamics in vivo. Dusp8 gene-deleted mice were mildly hypercontractile at baseline with a cardiac phenotype of concentric ventricular remodeling, which protected them from progressing towards heart failure in 2 surgery-induced disease models. Cardiac-specific overexpression of DUSP8 produced spontaneous eccentric remodeling and ventricular dilation with heart failure. At the cellular level, adult cardiac myocytes from Dusp8 gene-deleted mice were thicker and shorter, whereas DUSP8 overexpression promoted cardiac myocyte lengthening with a loss of thickness. Mechanistically, activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 were selectively increased in Dusp8 gene-deleted hearts at baseline and following acute pathological stress stimulation, whereas p38 MAPK and c-Jun N-terminal kinases were mostly unaffected. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that DUSP8 controls basal and acute stress-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 signaling in adult cardiac myocytes that then alters the length-width growth dynamics of individual cardiac myocytes, which further alters contractility, ventricular remodeling, and disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Liu
- From the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati (R.L., J.H.v.B., A.J.Y., R.J.V., M.M., J.D.M.) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (J.D.M.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul (J.H.v.B.)
| | - Jop H van Berlo
- From the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati (R.L., J.H.v.B., A.J.Y., R.J.V., M.M., J.D.M.) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (J.D.M.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul (J.H.v.B.)
| | - Allen J York
- From the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati (R.L., J.H.v.B., A.J.Y., R.J.V., M.M., J.D.M.) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (J.D.M.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul (J.H.v.B.)
| | - Ronald J Vagnozzi
- From the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati (R.L., J.H.v.B., A.J.Y., R.J.V., M.M., J.D.M.) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (J.D.M.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul (J.H.v.B.)
| | - Marjorie Maillet
- From the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati (R.L., J.H.v.B., A.J.Y., R.J.V., M.M., J.D.M.) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (J.D.M.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul (J.H.v.B.)
| | - Jeffery D Molkentin
- From the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati (R.L., J.H.v.B., A.J.Y., R.J.V., M.M., J.D.M.) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (J.D.M.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul (J.H.v.B.).
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17
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Correll RN, Goonasekera SA, van Berlo JH, Burr AR, Accornero F, York AJ, Sargent MA, Houser SR, Molkentin JD. Abstract 186: Increased STIM1 Expression Results in Altered Calcium Handling and Heart Failure. Circ Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1161/res.117.suppl_1.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) is a Ca2+ sensor that partners with Orai1, resulting in store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) that is important for maintaining endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ homeostasis. STIM1 is expressed in the heart and upregulated during disease, but its role in disease progression is unclear. In this study we used transgenic mice with STIM1 overexpression in the heart to model the known increase of this protein in response to cardiac disease. We found that STIM1 transgenic myocytes showed elevated Ca2+ entry following store depletion and STIM1 co-localized with the type 2 ryanodine receptor (RyR2) in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). In addition, STIM1 transgenic mice exhibited sudden cardiac death as early as 6 weeks of age, while mice that survived past 12 weeks developed cardiac hypertrophy that progressed to heart failure, pulmonary edema, activation of the fetal gene program, alterations in mitochondrial structure, and reduced ventricular functional performance. When pre-symptomatic STIM1 transgenic mice were subjected to disease stimuli including pressure overload stimulation or neurohumoral agonist infusion, they showed greater pathology compared to control mice. STIM1 elevation also disrupted normal Ca2+ handling in cardiac myocytes, which showed spontaneous Ca2+ transients that could be inhibited by the SOCE blocker SKF-96265, as well as increased diastolic Ca2+ levels and elevated Ca2+ spark frequency. In keeping with this increase in Ca2+ cycling we also found that STIM1 elevation resulted in an increased baseline activity of cardiac nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII). This increased CaMKII activity did not, however, translate into additional RyR2 phosphorylation, suggesting that the augmented Ca2+ spark frequency observed was likely due to an elevation in SR Ca2+ load. Our results suggest that increased STIM1 expression elicits augmented Ca2+ entry, SR Ca2+ load and Ca2+ spark frequency, that leads to mitochondrial pathology and the induction of Ca2+ sensitive hypertrophic signaling pathways that contribute to cardiac disease.
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18
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Kwong JQ, Lu X, Correll RN, Schwanekamp JA, Vagnozzi RJ, Sargent MA, York AJ, Zhang J, Bers DM, Molkentin JD. The Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter Selectively Matches Metabolic Output to Acute Contractile Stress in the Heart. Cell Rep 2015; 12:15-22. [PMID: 26119742 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the heart, augmented Ca(2+) fluxing drives contractility and ATP generation through mitochondrial Ca(2+) loading. Pathologic mitochondrial Ca(2+) overload with ischemic injury triggers mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening and cardiomyocyte death. Mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake is primarily mediated by the mitochondrial Ca(2+) uniporter (MCU). Here, we generated mice with adult and cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of Mcu, which produced mitochondria refractory to acute Ca(2+) uptake, with impaired ATP production, and inhibited MPTP opening upon acute Ca(2+) challenge. Mice lacking Mcu in the adult heart were also protected from acute ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, resting/basal mitochondrial Ca(2+) levels were normal in hearts of Mcu-deleted mice, and mitochondria lacking MCU eventually loaded with Ca(2+) after stress stimulation. Indeed, Mcu-deleted mice were unable to immediately sprint on a treadmill unless warmed up for 30 min. Hence, MCU is a dedicated regulator of short-term mitochondrial Ca(2+) loading underlying a "fight-or-flight" response that acutely matches cardiac workload with ATP production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Q Kwong
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Xiyuan Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Robert N Correll
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jennifer A Schwanekamp
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Ronald J Vagnozzi
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Michelle A Sargent
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Allen J York
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Leilihei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Donald M Bers
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jeffery D Molkentin
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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19
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Goonasekera SA, van Berlo J, Burr AR, Correll RN, York AJ, Sargent MA, Chen X, Houser SR, Molkentin JD. Abstract 159: Cardiac Hypertrophy and Sudden Death in a Mouse Model of STIM1 Overexpression. Circ Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1161/res.113.suppl_1.a159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background:
STIM1, an ER/SR resident Ca
2+
sensing protein regulates Ca
2+
entry following internal Ca
2+
store depletion in a broad range of tissues and cell types. However their putative roles in excitable tissue such as cardiac myocytes is uncertain.
Results:
Here we generated a mouse model of STIM1 overexpression in cardiac and skeletal muscle. Western blot analysis suggested approximately 4-6 fold STIM1 overexpression in Tg mouse hearts compared to Ntg littermates. Immunocytochemistry carried out in ventricular myocytes revealed that STIM1 and the cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2) co-localize. Functionally, the amplitude of Ca
2+
entry following SR Ca
2+
depletion was 2-fold greater in myocytes isolated from STIM1 Tg mice compared to NTg littermates. Echocardiographic analysis in STIM1 Tg mice showed age dependent remodeling of the myocardium with a significant decrease in fractional shortening at 16 weeks of age (14.4.5±3.8 in STIM1 Tg vs. 36.9±1.5 in Ntg). These changes were accompanied by a significant increase in heart weight to tibia length (13.6 +/- 1.4 vs 6.5 +/- 0.24) and increased lung weight to tibia length ratio (11.6+/- 2.1 vs 8.1 +/- 0.38) in STIM1 Tg mice compared to Ntg littermates. Photometry experiments in isolated ventricular myocytes demonstrated significantly increased Ca
2+
transient amplitude with an unexpected decrease in the SR Ca
2+
load associated with STIM1 overexpression. In addition transgenic mice showed increased calcineurin-nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) activation in vivo, increased CaMKII activity, interstitial fibrosis and exaggerated hypertrophy following two weeks of neuroendocrine agonist or pressure overload stimulation.
Conclusion:
Our observations suggest that STIM1 overexpression by itself can lead to cardiac hypertrophy and contribute to pathological cardiac remodeling and possibly sudden cardiac death. The molecular mechanisms underlying these phenomena are currently under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adam R Burr
- Cincinnati Children’s Hosp Med Cntr, Cincinnati, OH
| | | | - Allen J York
- Cincinnati Children’s Hosp Med Cntr, Cincinnati, OH
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20
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Vanhoutte D, Van Berlo J, York AJ, Zheng Y, Molkentin JD. Abstract P189: RhoA Functions as an Antihypertrophic Switch in the Mouse Heart. Circ Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1161/res.109.suppl_1.ap189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background.
Small GTPase RhoA has been previously implicated as an important signaling effector within the cardiomyocyte. However, recent studies have challenged the hypothesized role of RhoA as an effector of cardiac hypertrophy. Therefore, this study examined the
in vivo
role of RhoA in the development of pathological cardiac hypertrophy.
Methods and results
. Endogenous RhoA protein expression and activity levels (GTP-bound) in wild-type hearts were significantly increased after pressure overload induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). To investigate the necessity of RhoA within the adult heart, RhoA-LoxP-targeted (RhoA
flx/flx
) mice were crossed with transgenic mice expressing Cre recombinase under the control of the endogenous cardiomyocyte-specific β-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC) promoter to generate RhoA
βMHC-cre
mice. Deletion of RhoA with β-MHC-Cre produced viable adults with > 85% loss of RhoA protein in the heart, without altering the basic architecture and function of the heart compared to control hearts, at both 2 and 8 months of age. However, subjecting RhoA
βMHC-cre
hearts to 2 weeks of TAC resulted in marked increase in cardiac hypertrophy (HW/BW (mg/g): 9.5 ± 0.3 for RhoA
βMHC-cre
versus 7.7 ± 0.4 for RhoA
flx/flx
; and cardiomyocyte size (mm
2
): 407 ± 21 for RhoA
βMHC-cre
versus 262 ± 8 for RhoA
flx/flx
; n ≥ 8 per group; p<0.01) and a significantly increased fibrotic response. Moreover, RhoA
βMHC-cre
hearts transitioned more quickly into heart failure whereas control mice maintained proper cardiac function (fractional shortening (%): 23.3 ± 1.2 for RhoA
βMHC-cre
versus 29.3 ± 1.2 for RhoA
flx/flx
; n ≥ 8 per group; p<0.01; 12 weeks after TAC). The latter was further associated with a significant increase in lung weight normalized to body weight and re-expression of the cardiac fetal gene program. In addition, these mice also displayed greater cardiac hypertrophy in response to 2 weeks of angiotensinII/phenylephrine infusion.
Conclusion.
These data identify RhoA as an antihypertrophic molecular switch in the mouse heart.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Allen J York
- Cincinnati Children's Hosp Med Cntr, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Yi Zheng
- Cincinnati Children's Hosp Med Cntr, Cincinnati, OH
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21
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Goonasekera SA, Hammer K, Auger-Messier M, Bodi I, Chen X, Zhang H, Reiken S, Elrod JW, Correll RN, York AJ, Sargent MA, Hofmann F, Moosmang S, Marks AR, Houser SR, Bers DM, Molkentin JD. Decreased cardiac L-type Ca²⁺ channel activity induces hypertrophy and heart failure in mice. J Clin Invest 2011; 122:280-90. [PMID: 22133878 DOI: 10.1172/jci58227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antagonists of L-type Ca²⁺ channels (LTCCs) have been used to treat human cardiovascular diseases for decades. However, these inhibitors can have untoward effects in patients with heart failure, and their overall therapeutic profile remains nebulous given differential effects in the vasculature when compared with those in cardiomyocytes. To investigate this issue, we examined mice heterozygous for the gene encoding the pore-forming subunit of LTCC (calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, α1C subunit [Cacna1c mice; referred to herein as α1C⁻/⁺ mice]) and mice in which this gene was loxP targeted to achieve graded heart-specific gene deletion (termed herein α1C-loxP mice). Adult cardiomyocytes from the hearts of α1C⁻/⁺ mice at 10 weeks of age showed a decrease in LTCC current and a modest decrease in cardiac function, which we initially hypothesized would be cardioprotective. However, α1C⁻/⁺ mice subjected to pressure overload stimulation, isoproterenol infusion, and swimming showed greater cardiac hypertrophy, greater reductions in ventricular performance, and greater ventricular dilation than α1C⁺/⁺ controls. The same detrimental effects were observed in α1C-loxP animals with a cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of one allele. More severe reductions in α1C protein levels with combinatorial deleted alleles produced spontaneous cardiac hypertrophy before 3 months of age, with early adulthood lethality. Mechanistically, our data suggest that a reduction in LTCC current leads to neuroendocrine stress, with sensitized and leaky sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺ release as a compensatory mechanism to preserve contractility. This state results in calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T cells signaling that promotes hypertrophy and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeewa A Goonasekera
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
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22
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Kehat I, Davis J, Tiburcy M, Accornero F, Saba-El-Leil MK, Maillet M, York AJ, Lorenz JN, Zimmermann WH, Meloche S, Molkentin JD. Extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 regulate the balance between eccentric and concentric cardiac growth. Circ Res 2010; 108:176-83. [PMID: 21127295 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.110.231514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE An increase in cardiac afterload typically produces concentric hypertrophy characterized by an increase in cardiomyocyte width, whereas volume overload or exercise results in eccentric growth characterized by cellular elongation and addition of sarcomeres in series. The signaling pathways that control eccentric versus concentric heart growth are not well understood. OBJECTIVE To determine the role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) in regulating the cardiac hypertrophic response. METHODS AND RESULTS Here, we used mice lacking all ERK1/2 protein in the heart (Erk1(-/-) Erk2(fl/fl-Cre)) and mice expressing activated mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (Mek)1 in the heart to induce ERK1/2 signaling, as well as mechanistic experiments in cultured myocytes to assess cellular growth characteristics associated with this signaling pathway. Although genetic deletion of all ERK1/2 from the mouse heart did not block the cardiac hypertrophic response per se, meaning that the heart still increased in weight with both aging and pathological stress stimulation, it did dramatically alter how the heart grew. For example, adult myocytes from hearts of Erk1(-/-) Erk2(fl/fl-Cre) mice showed preferential eccentric growth (lengthening), whereas myocytes from Mek1 transgenic hearts showed concentric growth (width increase). Isolated adult myocytes acutely inhibited for ERK1/2 signaling by adenoviral gene transfer showed spontaneous lengthening, whereas infection with an activated Mek1 adenovirus promoted constitutive ERK1/2 signaling and increased myocyte thickness. A similar effect was observed in engineered heart tissue under cyclic stretching, where ERK1/2 inhibition led to preferential lengthening. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data demonstrate that the ERK1/2 signaling pathway uniquely regulates the balance between eccentric and concentric growth of the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izhak Kehat
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 240 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
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23
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van Berlo JH, Elrod JW, van den Hoogenhof MMG, York AJ, Aronow BJ, Duncan SA, Molkentin JD. The transcription factor GATA-6 regulates pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Circ Res 2010; 107:1032-40. [PMID: 20705924 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.110.220764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The transcriptional code that programs maladaptive cardiac hypertrophy involves the zinc finger-containing DNA binding factor GATA-4. The highly related transcription factor GATA-6 is also expressed in the adult heart, although its role in controlling the hypertrophic program is unknown. OBJECTIVE To determine the role of GATA-6 in cardiac hypertrophy and homeostasis. METHODS AND RESULTS Here, we performed a cardiomyocyte-specific conditional gene targeting approach for Gata6, as well as a transgenic approach to overexpress GATA-6 in the mouse heart. Deletion of Gata6-loxP with Nkx2.5-cre produced late embryonic lethality with heart defects, whereas deletion with β-myosin heavy chain-cre (βMHC-cre) produced viable adults with >95% loss of GATA-6 protein in the heart. These latter mice were subjected to pressure overload-induced hypertrophy for 2 and 6 weeks, which showed a significant reduction in cardiac hypertrophy similar to that observed Gata4 heart-specific deleted mice. Gata6-deleted mice subjected to pressure overload also developed heart failure, whereas control mice maintained proper cardiac function. Gata6-deleted mice also developed less cardiac hypertrophy following 2 weeks of angiotensin II/phenylephrine infusion. Controlled GATA-6 overexpression in the heart induced hypertrophy with aging and predisposed to greater hypertrophy with pressure overload stimulation. Combinatorial deletion of Gata4 and Gata6 from the adult heart resulted in dilated cardiomyopathy and lethality by 16 weeks of age. Mechanistically, deletion of Gata6 from the heart resulted in fundamental changes in the levels of key regulatory genes and myocyte differentiation-specific genes. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that GATA-6 is both necessary and sufficient for regulating the cardiac hypertrophic response and differentiated gene expression, both alone and in coordination with GATA-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jop H van Berlo
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 240 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
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24
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Heineke J, Wollert KC, Osinska H, Sargent MA, York AJ, Robbins J, Molkentin JD. Calcineurin protects the heart in a murine model of dilated cardiomyopathy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2009; 48:1080-7. [PMID: 19854199 PMCID: PMC2891089 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2009.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2009] [Revised: 10/12/2009] [Accepted: 10/14/2009] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a relatively common disease with a poor prognosis. Given that the only meaningful treatment for DCM is cardiac transplantation, investigators have explored the underlying molecular mechanisms of this disease in the hopes of identifying novel therapeutic targets. One such target is the serine-threonine phosphatase calcineurin, a Ca2+-activated signaling factor that is known to regulate the cardiac hypertrophic program, although its role in DCM is currently unknown. In order to address this issue, we crossed muscle lim protein (MLP) knock-out mice-a murine model of DCM-with calcineurin A beta ko mice, which lack the stress responsive isoform of calcineurin that critically regulates the cardiac hypertrophic response. Interestingly, the majority (73%) of the MLP/calcineurin A beta double knock-out mice died within 20 days of birth with signs of cardiomyopathy. Ultrastructural examination revealed enhanced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and necrosis in the postnatal myocardium of these mice. The MLP/calcineurin A beta double knock-out mice that survived until adulthood showed reduced left ventricular function, enhanced apoptotic and necrotic cardiomyocyte death and augmented myocardial fibrosis compared to various control groups. Antithetically, mild overexpression of activated calcineurin in the mouse heart improved function and adverse remodeling in MLP knock-out mice. Collectively, these results reveal an important and previously unrecognized protective function of endogenous myocardial calcineurin in a mouse model of dilated cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg Heineke
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 240 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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25
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Abstract
RATIONALE Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase (ASK)1 is a central upstream kinase in the greater mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade that mediates growth and death decisions in cardiac myocytes in response to diverse pathological stimuli. OBJECTIVE However, the role that ASK1 plays in regulating the cardiac hypertrophic response in vivo remains controversial. METHODS AND RESULTS Here, we generated mice with cardiac-specific and inducible overexpression of ASK1 in the heart to assess its gain-of-function effect. ASK1 transgenic mice exhibited no induction of cardiac hypertrophy or pathology at 3 and 12 months of age, and these mice showed an identical hypertrophic response to controls following 2 weeks of pressure-overload stimulation or isoproterenol infusion. Although ASK1 overexpression did not alter the cardiac hypertrophic response, it promoted cardiomyopathy and greater TUNEL following pressure-overload stimulation and myocardial infarction. Indeed, ASK1 transgenic mice showed a greater than 2-fold increase in ischemia reperfusion-induced injury to the heart compared with controls. Examination of downstream signaling showed a prominent activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4/6 and c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK)1/2 (but not p38 or extracellular signal-regulated kinases [ERKs]), inhibition of calcineurin-NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cells), and induction of Bax in the hearts of ASK1 transgenic mice following 1 and 8 weeks of pressure-overload stimulation. Mechanistically, cardiomyopathy associated with ASK1 overexpression after 8 weeks of pressure overload was significantly reduced in the calcineurin Abeta-null (CnAbeta(-/-)) background. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that ASK1 does not directly regulate the cardiac hypertrophic response in vivo, but it does alter cell death and propensity to cardiomyopathy, in part, through a calcineurin-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghang Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
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26
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Maillet M, Lynch JM, Sanna B, York AJ, Zheng Y, Molkentin JD. Cdc42 is an antihypertrophic molecular switch in the mouse heart. J Clin Invest 2009; 119:3079-88. [PMID: 19741299 DOI: 10.1172/jci37694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2008] [Accepted: 07/08/2009] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
To improve contractile function, the myocardium undergoes hypertrophic growth without myocyte proliferation in response to both pathologic and physiologic stimulation. Various membrane-bound receptors and intermediate signal transduction pathways regulate the induction of cardiac hypertrophy, but the cardioprotective regulatory pathways or effectors that antagonize cardiac hypertrophy remain poorly understood. Here we identify the small GTPase Cdc42 as a signaling intermediate that restrained the cardiac growth response to physiologic and pathologic stimuli. Cdc42 was specifically activated in the heart after pressure overload and in cultured cardiomyocytes by multiple agonists. Mice with a heart-specific deletion of Cdc42 developed greater cardiac hypertrophy at 2 and 8 weeks of stimulation and transitioned more quickly into heart failure than did wild-type controls. These mice also displayed greater cardiac hypertrophy in response to neuroendocrine agonist infusion for 2 weeks and, more remarkably, enhanced exercise-induced hypertrophy and sudden death. These pathologies were associated with an inability to activate JNK following stimulation through a MEKK1/MKK4/MKK7 pathway, resulting in greater cardiac nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) activity. Restoration of cardiac JNK signaling with an Mkk7 heart-specific transgene reversed the enhanced growth effect. These results identify what we believe to be a novel antihypertrophic and protective cardiac signaling pathway, whereby Cdc42-dependent JNK activation antagonizes calcineurin-NFAT activity to reduce hypertrophy and prevent transition to heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie Maillet
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, University of Cincinnati, and Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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27
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Wu X, Chang B, Blair NS, Sargent M, York AJ, Robbins J, Shull GE, Molkentin JD. Plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase isoform 4 antagonizes cardiac hypertrophy in association with calcineurin inhibition in rodents. J Clin Invest 2009; 119:976-85. [PMID: 19287093 DOI: 10.1172/jci36693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2008] [Accepted: 02/04/2009] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
How Ca2+-dependent signaling effectors are regulated in cardiomyocytes, given the extreme cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration changes that underlie contraction, remains unknown. Cardiomyocyte plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase (PMCA) extrudes Ca2+ but has little effect on excitation-contraction coupling, suggesting its potential role in controlling Ca2+-dependent signaling effectors such as calcineurin. We generated cardiac-specific inducible PMCA4b transgenic mice that displayed normal global Ca2+ transient and cellular contraction levels and reduced cardiac hypertrophy following transverse aortic constriction (TAC) or phenylephrine/Ang II infusion, but showed no reduction in exercise-induced hypertrophy. Transgenic mice were protected from decompensation and fibrosis following long-term TAC. The PMCA4b transgene reduced the hypertrophic augmentation associated with transient receptor potential canonical 3 channel overexpression, but not that associated with activated calcineurin. Furthermore, Pmca4 gene-targeted mice showed increased cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure events after TAC. Physical associations between PMCA4b and calcineurin were enhanced by TAC and by agonist stimulation of cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes. PMCA4b reduced calcineurin nuclear factor of activated T cell-luciferase activity after TAC and in cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes after agonist stimulation. PMCA4b overexpression inhibited cultured cardiomyocyte hypertrophy following agonist stimulation, but much less so in a Ca2+ pumping-deficient PMCA4b mutant. Thus, Pmca4b likely reduces the local Ca2+ signals involved in reactive cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via calcineurin regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
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28
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Maillet M, Purcell NH, Sargent MA, York AJ, Bueno OF, Molkentin JD. DUSP6 (MKP3) null mice show enhanced ERK1/2 phosphorylation at baseline and increased myocyte proliferation in the heart affecting disease susceptibility. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:31246-55. [PMID: 18753132 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m806085200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The strength and duration of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling is regulated through phosphorylation and dephosphorylation by dedicated dual-specificity kinases and phosphatases, respectively. Here we investigated the physiological role that extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) dephosphorylation plays in vivo through targeted disruption of the gene encoding dual-specificity phosphatase 6 (Dusp6) in the mouse. Dusp6(-/-) mice, which were viable, fertile, and otherwise overtly normal, showed an increase in basal ERK1/2 phosphorylation in the heart, spleen, kidney, brain, and fibroblasts, but no change in ERK5, p38, or c-Jun N-terminal kinases activation. However, loss of Dusp6 did not increase or prolong ERK1/2 activation after stimulation, suggesting that its function is more dedicated to basal ERK1/2 signaling tone. In-depth analysis of the physiological effect associated with increased baseline ERK1/2 signaling was performed in cultured mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and the heart. Interestingly, mice lacking Dusp6 had larger hearts at every age examined, which was associated with greater rates of myocyte proliferation during embryonic development and in the early postnatal period, resulting in cardiac hypercellularity. This increase in myocyte content in the heart was protective against decompensation and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy following long term pressure overload and myocardial infarction injury in adult mice. Dusp6(-/-) MEFs also showed reduced apoptosis rates compared with wild-type MEFs. These results demonstrate that ERK1/2 signaling is physiologically restrained by DUSP6 in coordinating cellular development and survival characteristics, directly impacting disease-responsiveness in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie Maillet
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039, USA
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