1
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Hoang Huy VP, Bark CW. A self-powered photodetector through facile processing using polyethyleneimine/carbon quantum dots for highly sensitive UVC detection. RSC Adv 2024; 14:12360-12371. [PMID: 38633486 PMCID: PMC11022040 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08538d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet C (UVC) photodetectors have garnered considerable attention recently because the detection of UVC is critical for preventing skin damage in humans, monitoring environmental conditions, detecting power aging in facilities, and military applications. As UVC detectors are "solar-blind", they encounter less interference than other environmental signals, resulting in low disturbance levels. This study employed a natural precursor (glucose) and a one-step ultrasonic reaction procedure to prepare carbon quantum dots (CQDs), which served as a convenient and environmentally friendly material to combine with polyethyleneimine (PEI). The prepared materials were used to develop a self-powered, high-performance UVC photodetector. The thickness of the constitutive film was investigated in detail based on the conditions of the electron transport pathway and trap positions to further improve the performance of the PEI/CQD photodetectors. Under the optimized conditions, the photodetector could generate a strong signal (1.5 mA W-1 at 254 nm) and exhibit high detectability (1.8 × 1010 Jones at 254 nm), an ultrafast response, and long-term stability during the power supply sequence. The developed solar-blind UVC photodetector can be applied in various ways to monitor UVC in an affordable, straightforward, and precise manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vo Pham Hoang Huy
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Gachon University Seongnam Gyeonggi 13120 Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Wung Bark
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Gachon University Seongnam Gyeonggi 13120 Republic of Korea
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2
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Goldenhersh MA, Eidelman AI. Neonatal Phototherapy-The Need to Measure and Document. JAMA Pediatr 2024:2817563. [PMID: 38619845 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.0558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
This Viewpoint discusses the need for universal standards of recording and measuring phototherapy administered to infants to monitor for potential adverse effects in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arthur I Eidelman
- Department of Pediatrics, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Hebrew University School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
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3
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Dickey AK, Berkovich J, Leaf RK, Jiang PY, Lopez-Galmiche G, Rebeiz L, Wheeden K, Kochevar I, Savage W, Zhao S, Campisi E, Heo SY, Trueb J, LaRochelle EPM, Rogers J, Banks A, Chang JK. Observational pilot study of multi-wavelength wearable light dosimetry for erythropoietic protoporphyria. Int J Dermatol 2024. [PMID: 38602089 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.17166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) causes painful light sensitivity, limiting quality of life. Our objective was to develop and validate a wearable light exposure device and correlate measurements with light sensitivity in EPP to predict and prevent symptoms. METHODS A wearable light dosimeter was developed to capture light doses of UVA, blue, and red wavelengths. A prospective observational pilot study was performed in which five EPP patients wore two light dosimeters for 3 weeks, one as a watch, and one as a shirt clip. RESULTS Standard deviation (SD) increases from the mean in the daily blue light dose increased the odds ratio (OR) for symptom risk more than the self-reported outdoor time (OR 2.76 vs. 2.38) or other wavelengths, and a one SD increase from the mean in the daily blue light wristband device dose increased the OR for symptom risk more than the daily blue light shirt clip (OR 2.45 vs. 1.62). The area under the receiver operator curve for the blue light wristband dose was 0.78, suggesting 78% predictive accuracy. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate that wearable blue light dosimetry worn as a wristband is a promising method for measuring light exposure and predicting and preventing symptoms in EPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy K Dickey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Healthcare Transformation Lab, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jaime Berkovich
- Wearifi, Inc., Evanston, IL, USA
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Northwestern University Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Rebecca K Leaf
- Department of Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul Y Jiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Lina Rebeiz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Irene Kochevar
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Seung Y Heo
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Jacob Trueb
- Wearifi, Inc., Evanston, IL, USA
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | | | - John Rogers
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Northwestern University Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Anthony Banks
- Wearifi, Inc., Evanston, IL, USA
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Jan-Kai Chang
- Wearifi, Inc., Evanston, IL, USA
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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4
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Park J, Lee Y, Cho S, Choe A, Yeom J, Ro YG, Kim J, Kang DH, Lee S, Ko H. Soft Sensors and Actuators for Wearable Human-Machine Interfaces. Chem Rev 2024; 124:1464-1534. [PMID: 38314694 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Haptic human-machine interfaces (HHMIs) combine tactile sensation and haptic feedback to allow humans to interact closely with machines and robots, providing immersive experiences and convenient lifestyles. Significant progress has been made in developing wearable sensors that accurately detect physical and electrophysiological stimuli with improved softness, functionality, reliability, and selectivity. In addition, soft actuating systems have been developed to provide high-quality haptic feedback by precisely controlling force, displacement, frequency, and spatial resolution. In this Review, we discuss the latest technological advances of soft sensors and actuators for the demonstration of wearable HHMIs. We particularly focus on highlighting material and structural approaches that enable desired sensing and feedback properties necessary for effective wearable HHMIs. Furthermore, promising practical applications of current HHMI technology in various areas such as the metaverse, robotics, and user-interactive devices are discussed in detail. Finally, this Review further concludes by discussing the outlook for next-generation HHMI technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghwa Park
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngoh Lee
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungse Cho
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Ayoung Choe
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghee Yeom
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Goo Ro
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyoung Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hee Kang
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjae Lee
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunhyub Ko
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919, Republic of Korea
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5
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Sirithunge C, Wang H, Iida F. Soft touchless sensors and touchless sensing for soft robots. Front Robot AI 2024; 11:1224216. [PMID: 38312746 PMCID: PMC10830750 DOI: 10.3389/frobt.2024.1224216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Soft robots are characterized by their mechanical compliance, making them well-suited for various bio-inspired applications. However, the challenge of preserving their flexibility during deployment has necessitated using soft sensors which can enhance their mobility, energy efficiency, and spatial adaptability. Through emulating the structure, strategies, and working principles of human senses, soft robots can detect stimuli without direct contact with soft touchless sensors and tactile stimuli. This has resulted in noteworthy progress within the field of soft robotics. Nevertheless, soft, touchless sensors offer the advantage of non-invasive sensing and gripping without the drawbacks linked to physical contact. Consequently, the popularity of soft touchless sensors has grown in recent years, as they facilitate intuitive and safe interactions with humans, other robots, and the surrounding environment. This review explores the emerging confluence of touchless sensing and soft robotics, outlining a roadmap for deployable soft robots to achieve human-level dexterity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Huijiang Wang
- Bio-Inspired Robotics Lab, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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6
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Wang Y, Chen G, Zhu Z, Qin H, Yang L, Zhang D, Yang Y, Qiu M, Liu K, Chai Z, Yin W, Wang Y, Wang S. Manipulation of Shallow-Trap States in Halide Double Perovskite Enables Real-Time Radiation Dosimetry. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:1827-1834. [PMID: 37780354 PMCID: PMC10540297 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c00691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Storage phosphors displaying defect emissions are indispensable in technologically advanced radiation dosimeters. The current dosimeter is limited to the passive detection mode, where ionizing radiation-induced deep-trap defects must be activated by external stimulation such as light or heat. Herein, we designed a new type of shallow-trap storage phosphor by controlling the dopant amounts of Ag+ and Bi3+ in the host lattice of Cs2NaInCl6. A distinct phenomenon of X-ray-induced emission (XIE) is observed for the first time in an intrinsically nonemissive perovskite. The intensity of XIE exhibits a quantitative relationship with the accumulated dose, enabling a real-time radiation dosimeter. Thermoluminescence and in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy verify that the emission originates from the radiative recombination of electrons and holes associated with X-ray-induced traps. Theoretical calculations reveal the evolution process of Cl-Cl dimers serving as hole trap states. Analysis of temperature-dependent radioluminescence spectra provides evidence that the intrinsic electron-phonon interaction in 0.005 Ag+@ Cs2NaInCl6 is significantly reduced under X-ray irradiation. Moreover, 0.025 Bi3+@ Cs2NaInCl6 shows an elevated sensitivity to the accumulated dose with a broad response range from 0.08 to 45.05 Gy. This work discloses defect manipulation in halide double perovskites, giving rise to distinct shallow-trap storage phosphors that bridge traditional deep-trap storage phosphors and scintillators and enabling a brand-new type of material for real-time radiation dosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological
and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation
Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Gaoyuan Chen
- College
of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations
(SIEMIS), Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials
and Wearable Energy Technologies, Soochow
University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy
Application, School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Zibin Zhu
- State
Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological
and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation
Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Haoming Qin
- State
Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological
and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation
Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Liangwei Yang
- State
Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological
and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation
Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Duo Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological
and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation
Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yingguo Yang
- Shanghai
Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), Zhangjiang
Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Shanghai Institute of Applied
Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Menglin Qiu
- Key
Laboratory of Beam Technology of Ministry of Education, College of
Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing
Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Shanghai
Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), Zhangjiang
Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Shanghai Institute of Applied
Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Zhifang Chai
- State
Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological
and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation
Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wanjian Yin
- College
of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations
(SIEMIS), Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials
and Wearable Energy Technologies, Soochow
University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Yaxing Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological
and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation
Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shuao Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological
and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation
Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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7
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Fu K, Wang B, Fu J, Yan J, Liu P, Wang Y. Touchless Input/Output Interface for Device-to-Device Communication. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:35336-35342. [PMID: 37779927 PMCID: PMC10536885 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Multiple quantum well (MQW) III-nitride diodes show selectable functionalities of light-emitting and light-detecting behaviors, enabling direct touchless device-to-device communication. Here, we propose and demonstrate a touchless input/output (I/O) interface using a single MQW III-nitride diode. By integrating an MQW III-nitride diode with a memory via a control circuit, optical signals are converted into electrical ones to be written into a memory, and consequently, electrical information is read out from the memory to be translated into optical signals for visible light communication (VLC). The MQW III-nitride diode can not only lead to a touchless ″writing″ action but also offer a ″reading″ process through light. Such touchless I/O interface would provide new forms of interactivity for device-to-device communication technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Fu
- GaN Optoelectronic Integration
International Cooperation Joint Laboratory of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China
| | - Binju Wang
- GaN Optoelectronic Integration
International Cooperation Joint Laboratory of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China
| | - Jianwei Fu
- GaN Optoelectronic Integration
International Cooperation Joint Laboratory of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China
| | - Jiabin Yan
- GaN Optoelectronic Integration
International Cooperation Joint Laboratory of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China
| | - Pengzhan Liu
- GaN Optoelectronic Integration
International Cooperation Joint Laboratory of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China
| | - Yongjin Wang
- GaN Optoelectronic Integration
International Cooperation Joint Laboratory of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China
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8
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Fu K, Fu J, Qin F, Gao X, Ye Z, Liu P, Wang Y. Multilevel Simultaneous Lighting-Imaging System. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:19987-19993. [PMID: 37305297 PMCID: PMC10249127 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In a III-nitride multiple quantum well (MQW) diode biased with a forward voltage, electrons recombine with holes inside the MQW region to emit light; meanwhile, the MQW diode utilizes the photoelectric effect to sense light when higher-energy photons hit the device to displace electrons in the diode. Both the injected electrons and the liberated electrons are gathered inside the diode, thereby giving rise to a simultaneous emission-detection phenomenon. The 4 × 4 MQW diodes could translate optical signals into electrical ones for image construction in the wavelength range from 320 to 440 nm. This technology will change the role of MQW diode-based displays since it can simultaneously transmit and receive optical signals, which is of crucial importance to the accelerating trend of multifunctional, intelligent displays using MQW diode technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Fu
- Grünberg
Research Centre, Nanjing University of Posts
and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China
| | - Jianwei Fu
- Grünberg
Research Centre, Nanjing University of Posts
and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China
| | - Feifei Qin
- Grünberg
Research Centre, Nanjing University of Posts
and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China
| | - Xumin Gao
- Grünberg
Research Centre, Nanjing University of Posts
and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China
| | - Ziqi Ye
- Grünberg
Research Centre, Nanjing University of Posts
and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China
| | - Pengzhan Liu
- Grünberg
Research Centre, Nanjing University of Posts
and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China
| | - Yongjin Wang
- GaN Optoelectronic Integration International Cooperation Joint Laboratory
of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing University
of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China
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9
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Zhang Y, Inoue Y, Fardous J, Doi R, Ijima T, Fujibuchi T, Yamashita YI, Aishima S, Ijima H. Prevention and Repair of Ultraviolet B-Induced Skin Damage in Hairless Mice via Transdermal Delivery of Growth Factors Immobilized in a Gel-in-Oil Nanoemulsion. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:9239-9249. [PMID: 36936322 PMCID: PMC10018507 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources is one of the primary causes of skin damage, including sunburns, tanning, erythema, and skin cancer. Among the three different types of UV rays, UVB rays have a medium wavelength that can penetrate the epidermal layer of the skin, resulting in sunburn, suntan, blistering, and melanoma in case of chronic exposure. This study aimed to evaluate the preventive and therapeutic effects of a gel-in-oil nanogel dispersion (G/O-NGD) as a transdermal delivery biomolecular carrier for skin damage caused by UVB light. The efficacy of this carrier against UVB-induced skin damage was investigated in vivo by delivering different growth factors (GFs) encapsulated in a G/O-NGD. Artificial UVB light was used to induce skin damage in nude mice, followed by the transdermal application of five GF [vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor (TGF)-1, and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-α]-immobilized G/O-NGD. Among these GFs, VEGF and bFGF promoted angiogenesis, while EGF, TGF-1, and IGF-α promoted the repair and regeneration of damaged cells. The results showed that G/O-NGD was superior to heparin-immobilized G/O-NGD in reducing UVB-induced skin damage, such as erythema, epidermal water reduction, inflammation, and dermis thickening. In addition, G/O-NGD could prevent and treat abnormal follicle proliferation caused by UVB rays and exhibited potential to repair lipid glands. Overall, our results demonstrate the potential of G/O-NGDs for the treatment of UVB-induced skin damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yuuta Inoue
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Jannatul Fardous
- Department
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, Comilla
University, Cumilla 3506, Bangladesh
| | - Ryota Doi
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ijima
- Department
of Quantum Science and Energy Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aobayama 6-6-01-2, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Toshioh Fujibuchi
- Department
of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582 Japan
| | - Yo-ichi Yamashita
- Aso
Iizuka Hospital, 3-83,
Yoshio-machi, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8505 Japan
| | - Shinichi Aishima
- Department
of Pathology & Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1
Nabeshima, Saga-city, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ijima
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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10
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Wentzel M, Janse van Rensburg J, Terblans JJ. Radiology blues: Comparing occupational blue-light exposure to recommended safety standards. SA J Radiol 2023; 27:2522. [PMID: 36756358 PMCID: PMC9900293 DOI: 10.4102/sajr.v27i1.2522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The blue-light hazard is a well-documented entity addressing the detrimental health effects of high-energy visible light photons in the range of 305 nm - 450 nm. Radiologists spend long hours in front of multiple light-emitting diode (LED)-based diagnostic monitors emitting blue light, predisposing them to potentially higher blue-light dosages than other health professionals. Objectives The authors aimed to quantify the blue light that radiology registrars are exposed to in daily viewing of diagnostic monitors and compared this with international occupational safety standards. Method A limited cross-sectional observational study was conducted. Four radiology registrars at two academic hospitals in Bloemfontein from 01 October 2021 to 30 November 2021 participated. Diagnostic monitor viewing times on a standard workday were determined. Different image modalities obtained from 01 June 2019 to 30 November 2019 were assessed, and blue-light radiance was determined using a spectroscope and image analysis software. Blue-light radiance values were compared with international safety standards. Results Radiology registrars spent on average 380 min in front of a diagnostic display unit daily. Blue-light radiance from diagnostic monitors was elevated in higher-intensity images such as chest radiographs and lower for darker images like MRI brain studies. The total blue-light radiance from diagnostic display units was more than 10 000 times below the recommended threshold value for blue-light exposure. Conclusion Blue-light radiance from diagnostic displays measured well below the recommended values for occupational safety. Hence, blue-light exposure from diagnostic monitors does not significantly add to the occupational health burden of radiologists. Contribution Despite spending long hours in front of diagnostic monitors, radiologists' exposure to effective blue-light radiance from monitors was far below hazardous values. This suggests that blue-light exposure from diagnostic monitors does not increase the occupational health burden of radiologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Wentzel
- Department of Clinical Imaging Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Jacques Janse van Rensburg
- Department of Clinical Imaging Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Jacobus J. Terblans
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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11
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Balajadia E, Garcia S, Stampfli J, Schrader B, Guidolin C, Spitschan M. Usability and Acceptability of a Corneal-Plane α-Opic Light Logger in a 24-h Field Trial. Digit Biomark 2023; 7:139-149. [PMID: 37901367 PMCID: PMC10601946 DOI: 10.1159/000531404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Exposure to light fundamentally influences human physiology and behaviour by synchronising our biological clock to the external light-dark cycle and controlling melatonin production. In addition to well-controlled laboratory studies, more naturalistic approaches to examining these "non-visual" effects of light have been developed in recent years. As naturalistic light exposure is quite unlike well-controlled stimulus conditions in the laboratory, it is critical to measure light exposure in a person-referenced way, the "spectral diet." To this end, light loggers have been developed to capture personalised light exposure. As an alternative to light sensors integrated into wrist-worn actimeters, pendants, or brooch-based light loggers, a recently developed wearable light logger laterally attached to spectacle frames enables the measurement of biologically relevant quantities in the corneal plane. Methods Here, we examine the usability and acceptability of using the light logger in an undergraduate student sample (n = 18, mean±1SD: 20.1 ± 1.7 years; 9 female; Oxford, UK) in real-world conditions during a 24-h measurement period. We probed the acceptability of the light logger using rating questionnaires and open-ended questions. Results Our quantitative results show a modest acceptability of the light logger. A thematic analysis of the open-ended questions reveals that the form factor of the device, in particular, size, weight, and stability, and reactions from other people to the wearer of the light logger, were commonly mentioned aspects. Conclusion In sum, the results indicate the miniaturisation of light loggers and "invisible" integration into extant everyday objects as key areas for future technological development, facilitating the availability of light exposure data for developing personalised intervention strategies in both research, clinical and consumer contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eljoh Balajadia
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sophie Garcia
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Janine Stampfli
- Lucerne School of Engineering and Architecture, Horw, Switzerland
| | - Björn Schrader
- Lucerne School of Engineering and Architecture, Horw, Switzerland
| | - Carolina Guidolin
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Translational Sensory & Circadian Neuroscience, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Manuel Spitschan
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Translational Sensory & Circadian Neuroscience, Tübingen, Germany
- TUM School of Medicine and Health, Chronobiology & Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, TUM Institute for Advanced Study (TUM-IAS), Garching, Germany
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12
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Fu K, Gao X, Yin Q, Yan J, Ji X, Wang Y. Full-duplex visible light communication system using a single channel. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:4802-4805. [PMID: 36107094 DOI: 10.1364/ol.470796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Multiple quantum well (MQW) III-nitride diodes can emit light and detect light at the same time. In particular, given the overlapping region between the emission spectrum and the detection spectrum, the III-nitride diode can absorb photons of shorter wavelengths generated from another III-nitride diode with the same MQW structure. In this study, a wireless visible light communication system was established using two pairs of identical III-nitride diodes with different wavelengths. In this system, two green light diode chips were used to transmit and receive green light signals on both sides. We have integrated two blue light chips with optical filtering in the middle of the optical link to carry out blue light communication, with one end transmitting and one end receiving. Simultaneously, green light was allowed to pass through two blue light chips for optical communication. Combined with a distributed Bragg reflection (DBR) coating, we proposed using four chips in one optical path to carry out optical communication between chips with the same wavelength and used the coating principle to gate the optical wavelength to filter the clutter of green light chips on both sides to make the channel purer and the symbols easier to demodulate. Based on this multifunctional equipment, advanced single-optical path, III-nitride, full-duplex optical communication links can be developed for the deployment of the Internet of Things.
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13
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Ouyang X, Su R, Ng DWH, Han G, Pearson DR, McAlpine MC. 3D Printed Skin-Interfaced UV-Visible Hybrid Photodetectors. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2201275. [PMID: 35818683 PMCID: PMC9443467 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Photodetectors that are intimately interfaced with human skin and measure real-time optical irradiance are appealing in the medical profiling of photosensitive diseases. Developing compliant devices for this purpose requires the fabrication of photodetectors with ultraviolet (UV)-enhanced broadband photoresponse and high mechanical flexibility, to ensure precise irradiance measurements across the spectral band critical to dermatological health when directly applied onto curved skin surfaces. Here, a fully 3D printed flexible UV-visible photodetector array is reported that incorporates a hybrid organic-inorganic material system and is integrated with a custom-built portable console to continuously monitor broadband irradiance in-situ. The active materials are formulated by doping polymeric photoactive materials with zinc oxide nanoparticles in order to improve the UV photoresponse and trigger a photomultiplication (PM) effect. The ability of a stand-alone skin-interfaced light intensity monitoring system to detect natural irradiance within the wavelength range of 310-650 nm for nearly 24 h is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Ouyang
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN55455USA
- Sino‐German College of Intelligent ManufacturingShenzhen Technology UniversityShenzhen518118P. R. China
| | - Ruitao Su
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN55455USA
| | - Daniel Wai Hou Ng
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN55455USA
| | - Guebum Han
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN55455USA
| | - David R. Pearson
- Department of DermatologyUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN55455USA
| | - Michael C. McAlpine
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN55455USA
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14
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Li Y, Wu G, Song G, Lu SH, Wang Z, Sun H, Zhang Y, Wang X. Soft, Pressure-Tolerant, Flexible Electronic Sensors for Sensing under Harsh Environments. ACS Sens 2022; 7:2400-2409. [PMID: 35952377 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Energy-efficient, miniaturized electronic ocean sensors for monitoring and recording various environmental parameters remain a challenge because conventional ocean sensors require high-pressure chambers and seals to survive the large hydrostatic pressure and harsh ocean environment, which usually entail a high-power supply and large size of the sensor system. Herein, we introduce soft, pressure-tolerant, flexible electronic sensors that can operate under large hydrostatic pressure and salinity environments, thereby eliminating the need for pressure chambers and reducing the power consumption and sensor size. Using resistive temperature and conductivity (salinity) sensors as an example for demonstration, the soft sensors are made of lithographically patterned metal thin films (100 nm) encapsulated with soft oil-infused elastomers and tested in a customized pressure vessel with well-controlled pressure and temperature conditions. The resistance of the temperature and pressure sensors increases linearly with a temperature range of 5-38 °C and salinity levels of 30-40 Practical Salinity Unit (PSU), respectively, relevant for this application. Pressure (up to 15 MPa) has shown a negligible effect on the performance of the temperature and salinity sensors, demonstrating their large pressure-tolerance capability. In addition, both temperature and salinity sensors have exhibited excellent cyclic loading behaviors with negligible hysteresis. Encapsulated with our developed soft oil-infused elastomer (PDMS, poly(dimethylsiloxane)), the sensor has shown excellent performance under a 35 PSU salinity water environment for more than 7 months. The soft, pressure-tolerant and noninvasive electronic sensors reported here are suitable for integration with many platforms including animal tags, profiling floats, diving equipment, and physiological monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Guangfu Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States.,Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Gyuho Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Shao-Hao Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Zizheng Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - He Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States.,Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States.,Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Xueju Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States.,Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
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15
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Kim Y, Suh JM, Shin J, Liu Y, Yeon H, Qiao K, Kum HS, Kim C, Lee HE, Choi C, Kim H, Lee D, Lee J, Kang JH, Park BI, Kang S, Kim J, Kim S, Perozek JA, Wang K, Park Y, Kishen K, Kong L, Palacios T, Park J, Park MC, Kim HJ, Lee YS, Lee K, Bae SH, Kong W, Han J, Kim J. Chip-less wireless electronic skins by remote epitaxial freestanding compound semiconductors. Science 2022; 377:859-864. [PMID: 35981034 DOI: 10.1126/science.abn7325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in flexible and stretchable electronics have led to a surge of electronic skin (e-skin)-based health monitoring platforms. Conventional wireless e-skins rely on rigid integrated circuit chips that compromise the overall flexibility and consume considerable power. Chip-less wireless e-skins based on inductor-capacitor resonators are limited to mechanical sensors with low sensitivities. We report a chip-less wireless e-skin based on surface acoustic wave sensors made of freestanding ultrathin single-crystalline piezoelectric gallium nitride membranes. Surface acoustic wave-based e-skin offers highly sensitive, low-power, and long-term sensing of strain, ultraviolet light, and ion concentrations in sweat. We demonstrate weeklong monitoring of pulse. These results present routes to inexpensive and versatile low-power, high-sensitivity platforms for wireless health monitoring devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeongin Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
| | - Jun Min Suh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jiho Shin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Hanwool Yeon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, South Korea
| | - Kuan Qiao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Hyun S Kum
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Chansoo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Han Eol Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, South Korea
| | - Chanyeol Choi
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Hyunseok Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Doyoon Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jaeyong Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ji-Hoon Kang
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Bo-In Park
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sungsu Kang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Jihoon Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Sungkyu Kim
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Joshua A Perozek
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kejia Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311200 Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongmo Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kumar Kishen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Lingping Kong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Tomás Palacios
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jungwon Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea.,Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Min-Chul Park
- Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, South Korea
| | - Hyung-Jun Kim
- Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, South Korea.,Division of Nano and Information Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea
| | - Yun Seog Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Kyusang Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Sang-Hoon Bae
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63139, USA
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024 Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiyeon Han
- Skincare Division, Amorepacific R&D Center, Yongin 17074, South Korea
| | - Jeehwan Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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16
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Lin R, Kim HJ, Achavananthadith S, Xiong Z, Lee JKW, Kong YL, Ho JS. Digitally-embroidered liquid metal electronic textiles for wearable wireless systems. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2190. [PMID: 35449159 PMCID: PMC9023486 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29859-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronic textiles capable of sensing, powering, and communication can be used to non-intrusively monitor human health during daily life. However, achieving these functionalities with clothing is challenging because of limitations in the electronic performance, flexibility and robustness of the underlying materials, which must endure repeated mechanical, thermal and chemical stresses during daily use. Here, we demonstrate electronic textile systems with functionalities in near-field powering and communication created by digital embroidery of liquid metal fibers. Owing to the unique electrical and mechanical properties of the liquid metal fibers, these electronic textiles can conform to body surfaces and establish robust wireless connectivity with nearby wearable or implantable devices, even during strenuous exercise. By transferring optimized electromagnetic patterns onto clothing in this way, we demonstrate a washable electronic shirt that can be wirelessly powered by a smartphone and continuously monitor axillary temperature without interfering with daily activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongzhou Lin
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Han-Joon Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Sippanat Achavananthadith
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Ze Xiong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Jason K W Lee
- Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119283, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
- Global Asia Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119076, Singapore
- Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 117609, Singapore
| | - Yong Lin Kong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
| | - John S Ho
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore.
- The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore.
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17
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Cho J, Shin G. Fabrication of a Flexible, Wireless Micro-Heater on Elastomer for Wearable Gas Sensor Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14081557. [PMID: 35458311 PMCID: PMC9024803 DOI: 10.3390/polym14081557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Thin-film microdevices can be applied to various wearable devices due to their high flexibility compared to conventional bulk-type electronic devices. Among the various microdevice types, many IoT-based sensor devices have been developed recently. In the case of such sensor elements, it is important to control the surrounding environment to optimize the sensing characteristics. Among these environmental factors, temperature often has a great influence. There are cases where temperature significantly affects the sensor characteristics, as is the case for gas sensors. For this purpose, the development of thin-film-type micro-heaters is important. For this study, a wirelessly driven thin-film micro-heater was fabricated on the flexible and stretchable elastomer, a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS); the antenna was optimized; and the heater was driven at the temperature up to 102 degrees Celsius. The effect of its use on gas-sensing characteristics was compared through the application of the proposed micro-heater to a gas sensor. The heated SnO2 nanowire gas sensor improved the performance of detecting carbon monoxide (CO) by more than 20%, and the recovery time was reduced to less than half. It is expected that thin-film-type micro-heaters that can be operated wirelessly are suitable for application in various wearable devices, including those for smart sensors and health monitoring.
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18
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Clare IM, Gamage N, Alvares GA, Black LJ, Francis J, Jaimangal M, Lucas RM, Strickland M, White J, Nguyen R, Gorman S. The Effects of Using the Sun Safe App on Sun Health Knowledge and Behaviors of Young Teenagers: Results of Pilot Intervention Studies. JMIR DERMATOLOGY 2022; 5:e35137. [PMID: 37632872 PMCID: PMC10334904 DOI: 10.2196/35137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A balanced approach toward sun exposure and protection is needed by young people. Excessive sun exposure increases their risk for skin cancers such as melanoma, whereas some exposure is necessary for vitamin D and healthy bones. We have developed a new iOS smartphone app-Sun Safe-through a co-design process, which aims to support healthy and balanced decision-making by young teenagers (aged 12-13 years). OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to test the capacity of Sun Safe to improve sun health knowledge and behaviors of young teenagers in 3 pilot intervention studies completed in 2020. METHODS Young teenagers (aged 12-13 years; N=57) were recruited through the web or through a local school via an open-access website and given access to Sun Safe (29/57, 51%) or a placebo (SunDial) app (28/57, 49%). Participants completed sun health questionnaires and knowledge quizzes before and after the 6-week intervention (either on the web or in class) and rated the quality of the app they used via a survey. RESULTS Of the 57 participants, 51 (89%) participants (26, 51% for placebo arm and 25, 49% for the Sun Safe arm) completed these studies, with most (>50%) reporting that they used a smartphone to access their designated app either "once a fortnight" or "once/twice in total." Improved sun health knowledge-particularly about the UV Index-was observed in participants who were given access to Sun Safe compared with those who used the placebo (-6.2 [percentage correct] difference in predicted means, 95% CI -12.4 to -0.03; P=.049; 2-way ANOVA). Unexpectedly, there were significantly more sunburn events in the Sun Safe group (relative risk 1.7, 95% CI 1.1-1.8; P=.02; Fisher exact test), although no differences in time spent outdoors or sun-protective behaviors were reported. COVID-19 pandemic-related community-wide shutdowns during April 2020 (when schools were closed) reduced the time spent outdoors by >100 minutes per day (-105 minutes per day difference in predicted means, 95% CI -150 to -59 minutes per day; P=.002; paired 2-tailed Student t test). Sun Safe was well-rated by participants, particularly for information (mean 4.2, SD 0.6 out of 5). CONCLUSIONS Access to the Sun Safe app increased sun health knowledge among young teenagers in these pilot intervention studies. Further investigations with larger sample sizes are required to confirm these observations and further test the effects of Sun Safe on sun-protective behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle M Clare
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Nisali Gamage
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Gail A Alvares
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Lucinda J Black
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Jacinta Francis
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Robyn M Lucas
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | | | - James White
- Reach Health Promotion Innovations, Perth, Australia
| | - Rebecca Nguyen
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Shelley Gorman
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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19
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Henning A, J Downs N, Vanos JK. Wearable ultraviolet radiation sensors for research and personal use. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2022; 66:627-640. [PMID: 34743221 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-021-02216-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Skin cancers are strongly linked to personal exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, yet UV exposure is also the most preventable risk factor. People are exposed to UV rays when they engage in outdoor activities, particularly exercise, which is an important health behavior. Thus, researchers and the general public have shown increasing interest in measuring UV exposure using wearable sensors during outdoor physical activity. However, minimal research exists at the intersection of UV sensors, personal exposure, adaptive behavior due to exposures, and risk of skin damage. Recent years have seen an influx of new consumer-based and research-based UV-sensing technologies with wide-ranging form factors and purposes to fill this research gap, yet a thorough review of available sensors for specific purposes does not exist. Hence, the overall goal of this state-of-the-art review is to synthesize the current academic and gray literature surrounding personal UV-sensing technologies. Peer-reviewed journal articles and "gray literature," such as working papers, manuals, and UV sensor websites, were reviewed, assessing attributes of UV wearables marketed for research use, personal use, or both. Overall, 13 wearable UV sensors are available for personal use and/or research applications. These sensors vary from electronic to photochromic, with large differences in price, data outputs, accuracy, and precision. Recommendations are provided for which sensors are most suitable for various types of research or public use. Notably, the review findings will help guide researchers in future studies assessing UV exposure during physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Henning
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Nathan J Downs
- School of Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Qld, Australia
| | - Jennifer K Vanos
- School of Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Qld, Australia.
- School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, 800 Cady Mall #108, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA.
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20
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Wilson DJ, Martín-Martínez FJ, Deravi LF. Wearable Light Sensors Based on Unique Features of a Natural Biochrome. ACS Sens 2022; 7:523-533. [PMID: 35138085 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c02342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Overexposure to complete solar radiation (combined ultraviolet, visible, and infrared) is correlated with several harmful biological consequences including hyperpigmentation, skin cancer, eye damage, and immune suppression. With limited effective therapeutic options available for these conditions, significant efforts have been directed toward promoting preventative habits. Recently, wearable solar radiometers have emerged as practical tools for managing personal exposure to sunlight. However, designing simple and inexpensive sensors that can measure energy across multiple spectral regions without incorporating electronic components remains challenging, largely due to inherent spectral limitations of photoresponsive indicators. In this work, we report the design, fabrication, and characterization of wearable radiation sensors that leverage an unexpected feature of a natural biochrome, xanthommatin-its innate sensitivity to both ultraviolet and visible through near-infrared radiation. We found that xanthommatin-based sensors undergo a visible shift from yellow to red in the presence of complete sunlight. This color change is driven by intrinsic photoreduction of the molecule, which we investigated using computational modeling and supplemented by radiation-driven formation of complementary reducing agents. These sensors are responsive to dermatologically relevant doses of erythemally weighted radiation, as well as cumulative doses of high-energy ultraviolet radiation used for germicidal sterilization. We incorporated these miniature sensors into pressure-activated microfluidic systems to illustrate on-demand activation of a wearable and mountable form factor. When taken together, our findings encompass an important advancement toward accessible, quantitative measurements of UVC and complete solar radiation for a variety of use cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Kostas Research Institute for Homeland Security, Northeastern University, 141 South Bedford Street, Burlington, Massachusetts 01803, United States
| | - Francisco J. Martín-Martínez
- Department of Chemistry, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, U.K
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Leila F. Deravi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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21
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Chen W, Wang Z, Wang L, Chen X. Smart Chemical Engineering-Based Lightweight and Miniaturized Attachable Systems for Advanced Drug Delivery and Diagnostics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2106701. [PMID: 34643302 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202106701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Smart attachable systems have attracted much attention owing to their capabilities in terms of body performance evaluation, disease diagnostics, and drug delivery. Recent advances in chemical and engineering techniques provide many opportunities to improve device fabrication and applications owing to the advantages of being lightweight and easy to control as well as their battery absence and functional diversity. This review highlights the latest developments in the field of chemical engineering-based lightweight and miniaturized attachable systems, which are mainly inspired by the natural world. Their applications for real-time monitoring, point-of-care sampling, biomarker detection, and controlled release are discussed thoroughly with respect to specific products/prototypes. The perspectives of the field, including persistence guarantee, burden reduction, and personality improvement, are also discussed. It is believed that chemical engineering-based lightweight and miniaturized attachable systems have good potential in both clinical and industrial fields, indicating a large potential to improve human lives in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology and Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Departments of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
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Brooks AK, Chakravarty S, Yadavalli VK. Flexible Sensing Systems for Cancer Diagnostics. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1379:275-306. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-04039-9_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Kwak SS, Yoo S, Avila R, Chung HU, Jeong H, Liu C, Vogl JL, Kim J, Yoon HJ, Park Y, Ryu H, Lee G, Kim J, Koo J, Oh YS, Kim S, Xu S, Zhao Z, Xie Z, Huang Y, Rogers JA. Skin-Integrated Devices with Soft, Holey Architectures for Wireless Physiological Monitoring, With Applications in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2103974. [PMID: 34510572 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202103974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Continuous monitoring of vital signs is an essential aspect of operations in neonatal and pediatric intensive care units (NICUs and PICUs), of particular importance to extremely premature and/or critically ill patients. Current approaches require multiple sensors taped to the skin and connected via hard-wired interfaces to external data acquisition electronics. The adhesives can cause iatrogenic injuries to fragile, underdeveloped skin, and the wires can complicate even the most routine tasks in patient care. Here, materials strategies and design concepts are introduced that significantly improve these platforms through the use of optimized materials, open (i.e., "holey") layouts and precurved designs. These schemes 1) reduce the stresses at the skin interface, 2) facilitate release of interfacial moisture from transepidermal water loss, 3) allow visual inspection of the skin for rashes or other forms of irritation, 4) enable triggered reduction of adhesion to reduce the probability for injuries that can result from device removal. A combination of systematic benchtop testing and computational modeling identifies the essential mechanisms and key considerations. Demonstrations on adult volunteers and on a neonate in an operating NICUs illustrate a broad range of capabilities in continuous, clinical-grade monitoring of conventional vital signs, and unconventional indicators of health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Soo Kwak
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Seonggwang Yoo
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Raudel Avila
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | | | - Hyoyoung Jeong
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Claire Liu
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Jamie L Vogl
- Division of Pediatric Autonomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Joohee Kim
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Hong-Joon Yoon
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Yoonseok Park
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Hanjun Ryu
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Geumbee Lee
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Jihye Kim
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Jahyun Koo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Suk Oh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungbong Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Shuai Xu
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Sibel Health, Niles, IL, 60714, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Division of Dermatology, Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Zichen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
- Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology, Ningbo, 315016, China
| | - Zhaoqian Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
- Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology, Ningbo, 315016, China
| | - Yonggang Huang
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - John A Rogers
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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Three-dimensional electronic microfliers inspired by wind-dispersed seeds. Nature 2021; 597:503-510. [PMID: 34552257 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03847-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Large, distributed collections of miniaturized, wireless electronic devices1,2 may form the basis of future systems for environmental monitoring3, population surveillance4, disease management5 and other applications that demand coverage over expansive spatial scales. Aerial schemes to distribute the components for such networks are required, and-inspired by wind-dispersed seeds6-we examined passive structures designed for controlled, unpowered flight across natural environments or city settings. Techniques in mechanically guided assembly of three-dimensional (3D) mesostructures7-9 provide access to miniature, 3D fliers optimized for such purposes, in processes that align with the most sophisticated production techniques for electronic, optoelectronic, microfluidic and microelectromechanical technologies. Here we demonstrate a range of 3D macro-, meso- and microscale fliers produced in this manner, including those that incorporate active electronic and colorimetric payloads. Analytical, computational and experimental studies of the aerodynamics of high-performance structures of this type establish a set of fundamental considerations in bio-inspired design, with a focus on 3D fliers that exhibit controlled rotational kinematics and low terminal velocities. An approach that represents these complex 3D structures as discrete numbers of blades captures the essential physics in simple, analytical scaling forms, validated by computational and experimental results. Battery-free, wireless devices and colorimetric sensors for environmental measurements provide simple examples of a wide spectrum of applications of these unusual concepts.
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Flexible Wireless Passive LC Pressure Sensor with Design Methodology and Cost-Effective Preparation. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12080976. [PMID: 34442598 PMCID: PMC8399622 DOI: 10.3390/mi12080976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Continuous monitoring of physical motion, which can be successfully achieved via a wireless flexible wearable electronic device, is essential for people to ensure the appropriate level of exercise. Currently, most of the flexible LC pressure sensors have low sensitivity because of the high Young’s modulus of the dielectric properties (such as PDMS) and the inflexible polymer films (as the substrate of the sensors), which don’t have excellent stretchability to conform to arbitrarily curved and moving surfaces such as joints. In the LC sensing system, the metal rings, as the traditional readout device, are difficult to meet the needs of the portable readout device for the integrated and planar readout antenna. In order to improve the pressure sensitivity of the sensor, the Ecoflex microcolumn used as the dielectric of the capacitive pressure sensor was prepared by using a metal mold copying method. The Ecoflex elastomer substrates enhanced the levels of conformability, which offered improved capabilities to establish intimate contact with the curved and moving surfaces of the skin. The pressure was applied to the sensor by weights, and the resonance frequency curves of the sensor under different pressures were obtained by the readout device connected to the vector network analyzer. The experimental results show that resonant frequency decreases linearly with the increase of applied pressure in a range of 0–23,760 Pa with a high sensitivity of −2.2 MHz/KPa. We designed a coplanar waveguide-fed monopole antenna used to read the information of the LC sensor, which has the potential to be integrated with RF signal processing circuits as a portable readout device and a higher vertical readout distance (up to 4 cm) than the copper ring. The flexible LC pressure sensor can be attached to the skin conformally and is sensitive to limb bending and facial muscle movements. Therefore, it has the potential to be integrated as a body sensor network that can be used to monitor physical motion.
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Abstract
Soft wearable electronics are rapidly developing through exploration of new materials, fabrication approaches, and design concepts. Although there have been many efforts for decades, a resurgence of interest in liquid metals (LMs) for sensing and wiring functional properties of materials in soft wearable electronics has brought great advances in wearable electronics and materials. Various forms of LMs enable many routes to fabricate flexible and stretchable sensors, circuits, and functional wearables with many desirable properties. This review article presents a systematic overview of recent progresses in LM-enabled wearable electronics that have been achieved through material innovations and the discovery of new fabrication approaches and design architectures. We also present applications of wearable LM technologies for physiological sensing, activity tracking, and energy harvesting. Finally, we discuss a perspective on future opportunities and challenges for wearable LM electronics as this field continues to grow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Won
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seongmin Jeong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Carmel Majidi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Seung Hwan Ko
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Institute of Advanced Machines and Design / Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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Abstract
Human health is regulated by complex interactions among the genome, the microbiome, and the environment. While extensive research has been conducted on the human genome and microbiome, little is known about the human exposome. The exposome comprises the totality of chemical, biological, and physical exposures that individuals encounter over their lifetimes. Traditional environmental and biological monitoring only targets specific substances, whereas exposomic approaches identify and quantify thousands of substances simultaneously using nontargeted high-throughput and high-resolution analyses. The quantified self (QS) aims at enhancing our understanding of human health and disease through self-tracking. QS measurements are critical in exposome research, as external exposures impact an individual's health, behavior, and biology. This review discusses both the achievements and the shortcomings of current research and methodologies on the QS and the exposome and proposes future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA;
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA;
| | - Michael P Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA;
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Robinson JK, Patel S, Heo SY, Gray E, Lim J, Kwon K, Christiansen Z, Model J, Trueb J, Banks A, Kwasny M, Rogers JA. Real-Time UV Measurement With a Sun Protection System for Warning Young Adults About Sunburn: Prospective Cohort Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2021; 9:e25895. [PMID: 33955844 PMCID: PMC8138709 DOI: 10.2196/25895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Melanoma is attributable to predisposing phenotypical factors, such as skin that easily sunburns and unprotected exposure to carcinogenic UV radiation. Reducing the proportion of young adults who get sunburned may reduce the incidence of melanoma, a deadly form of skin cancer. Advances in technology have enabled the delivery of real-time UV light exposure and content-relevant health interventions. Objective This study aims to examine the feasibility of young adults performing the following tasks daily: wearing a UV dosimeter, receiving text messages and real-time UV-B doses on their smartphone, and responding to daily web-based surveys about sunburn and sun protection. Methods Young adults aged 18-39 years (n=42) were recruited in the United States in June 2020 via social media. Participants received the UV Guard sun protection system, which consisted of a UV dosimeter and a smartphone app. During 3 consecutive periods, intervention intensity increased as follows: real-time UV-B dose; UV-B dose and daily behavioral facilitation text messages; and UV-B dose, goal setting, and daily text messages to support self-efficacy and self-regulation. Data were self-reported through daily web-based surveys for 28 days, and UV-B doses were transmitted to cloud-based storage. Results Patients’ median age was 22 years (IQR 20, 29), and all patients had sun-sensitive skin. Sunburns were experienced during the study by fewer subjects (n=18) than those in the preceding 28 days (n=30). In July and August, the face was the most commonly sunburned area among 13 body locations; 52% (22/42) of sunburns occurred before the study and 45% (19/42) occurred during the study. The mean daily UV-B dose decreased during the 3 periods; however, this was not statistically significant. Young adults were most often exercising outdoors from 2 to 6 PM, walking from 10 AM to 6 PM, and relaxing from noon to 2 PM. Sunburn was most often experienced during exercise (odds ratio [OR] 5.65, 95% CI 1.60-6.10) and relaxation (OR 3.69, 95% CI 1.03-4.67) relative to those that did not exercise or relax in each category. The self-reported exit survey indicated that participants felt that they spent less time outdoors this summer compared to the last summer because of the COVID-19 pandemic and work. In addition, 38% (16/42) of the participants changed their use of sun protection based on their app-reported UV exposure, and 48% (20/42) shifted the time they went outside to periods with less-intense UV exposure. A total of 79% (33/42) of the participants were willing to continue using the UV Guard system outside of a research setting. Conclusions In this proof-of-concept research, young adults demonstrated that they used the UV Guard system; however, optimization was needed. Although some sun protection behaviors changed, sunburn was not prevented in all participants, especially during outdoor exercise. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03344796; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03344796
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Affiliation(s)
- June K Robinson
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Shiv Patel
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Seung Yun Heo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Elizabeth Gray
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jaeman Lim
- Wearifi Inc, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Kyeongha Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States.,School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Jacob Trueb
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Anthony Banks
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Mary Kwasny
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - John A Rogers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
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Stuart T, Cai L, Burton A, Gutruf P. Wireless and battery-free platforms for collection of biosignals. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 178:113007. [PMID: 33556807 PMCID: PMC8112193 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in biosensors have quantitively expanded current capabilities in exploratory research tools, diagnostics and therapeutics. This rapid pace in sensor development has been accentuated by vast improvements in data analysis methods in the form of machine learning and artificial intelligence that, together, promise fantastic opportunities in chronic sensing of biosignals to enable preventative screening, automated diagnosis, and tools for personalized treatment strategies. At the same time, the importance of widely accessible personal monitoring has become evident by recent events such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Progress in fully integrated and chronic sensing solutions is therefore increasingly important. Chronic operation, however, is not truly possible with tethered approaches or bulky, battery-powered systems that require frequent user interaction. A solution for this integration challenge is offered by wireless and battery-free platforms that enable continuous collection of biosignals. This review summarizes current approaches to realize such device architectures and discusses their building blocks. Specifically, power supplies, wireless communication methods and compatible sensing modalities in the context of most prevalent implementations in target organ systems. Additionally, we highlight examples of current embodiments that quantitively expand sensing capabilities because of their use of wireless and battery-free architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tucker Stuart
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Le Cai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Alex Burton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Philipp Gutruf
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA; Bio5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA; Neuroscience GIDP, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
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Wortzman M, Nelson DB. A comprehensive topical antioxidant inhibits oxidative stress induced by blue light exposure and cigarette smoke in human skin tissue. J Cosmet Dermatol 2021; 20:1160-1165. [PMID: 33560573 PMCID: PMC8248093 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Skin damage from visible light predominantly results from exposure to the blue light spectrum (400-500 nm) which generates Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) causing a cascade of harmful effects to skin. Topical antioxidants reduce the effects of free radical damage caused by environmental exposures. This study evaluated a comprehensive topical antioxidant's ability to inhibit ROS production induced by blue light and cigarette smoke (CS) in human skin. METHODS Two experiments were conducted utilizing human skin (Fitzpatrick Skin Types III and V; N = 3, each). After confirmed reactivity of untreated tissues at 412 nm, 20J/cm2 , untreated and pretreated (WEL-DS, 2 mg/cm2 ) skin tissue was exposed to blue light and blue light plus CS and left overnight. A nonfluorescent probe (DCFH-DA) was added to skin and exposed to blue light (412 nm, 20J/cm2 ) and blue light plus CS. Fluorescent 2',7'-DCF was generated upon enzymatic reduction and subsequent oxidation by ROS. RESULTS ROS increased at least tenfold following initial exposure to blue light and blue light plus CS in untreated skin. Pretreatment with WEL-DS decreased ROS in FST III exposed to blue light by 51% and 46% in skin exposed to blue light plus CS vs. untreated skin (both, P < .001). In FST V, pretreatment with WEL-DS decreased ROS exposed to blue light by 54% (P < .001) and 50% in skin exposed to blue light plus CS vs. untreated skin (P < .0001). CONCLUSION WEL-DS demonstrated significant reduction in ROS induced by blue light and blue light in combination with CS compared with untreated, exposed skin.
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Xu S, Rwei AY, Vwalika B, Chisembele MP, Stringer JSA, Ginsburg AS, Rogers JA. Wireless skin sensors for physiological monitoring of infants in low-income and middle-income countries. Lancet Digit Health 2021; 3:e266-e273. [PMID: 33640306 DOI: 10.1016/s2589-7500(21)00001-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Globally, neonatal mortality remains unacceptability high. Physiological monitoring is foundational to the care of these vulnerable patients to assess neonatal cardiopulmonary status, guide medical intervention, and determine readiness for safe discharge. However, most existing physiological monitoring systems require multiple electrodes and sensors, which are linked to wires tethered to wall-mounted display units, to adhere to the skin. For neonates, these systems can cause skin injury, prevent kangaroo mother care, and complicate basic clinical care. Novel, wireless, and biointegrated sensors provide opportunities to enhance monitoring capabilities, reduce iatrogenic injuries, and promote family-centric care. Early validation data have shown performance equivalent to (and sometimes exceeding) standard-of-care monitoring systems in premature neonates cared for in high-income countries. The reusable nature of these sensors and compatibility with low-cost mobile phones have the future potential to enable substantially lower monitoring costs compared with existing systems. Deployment at scale, in low-income countries, holds the promise of substantial improvements in neonatal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Xu
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alina Y Rwei
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jeffrey S A Stringer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - John A Rogers
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Lu W, Bai W, Zhang H, Xu C, Chiarelli AM, Vázquez-Guardado A, Xie Z, Shen H, Nandoliya K, Zhao H, Lee K, Wu Y, Franklin D, Avila R, Xu S, Rwei A, Han M, Kwon K, Deng Y, Yu X, Thorp EB, Feng X, Huang Y, Forbess J, Ge ZD, Rogers JA. Wireless, implantable catheter-type oximeter designed for cardiac oxygen saturation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/7/eabe0579. [PMID: 33568482 PMCID: PMC7875528 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe0579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Accurate, real-time monitoring of intravascular oxygen levels is important in tracking the cardiopulmonary health of patients after cardiothoracic surgery. Existing technologies use intravascular placement of glass fiber-optic catheters that pose risks of blood vessel damage, thrombosis, and infection. In addition, physical tethers to power supply systems and data acquisition hardware limit freedom of movement and add clutter to the intensive care unit. This report introduces a wireless, miniaturized, implantable optoelectronic catheter system incorporating optical components on the probe, encapsulated by soft biocompatible materials, as alternative technology that avoids these disadvantages. The absence of physical tethers and the flexible, biocompatible construction of the probe represent key defining features, resulting in a high-performance, patient-friendly implantable oximeter that can monitor localized tissue oxygenation, heart rate, and respiratory activity with wireless, real-time, continuous operation. In vitro and in vivo testing shows that this platform offers measurement accuracy and precision equivalent to those of existing clinical standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lu
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Wubin Bai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenkai Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Antonio M Chiarelli
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Technologies and Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. D'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti 66100, Italy
| | | | - Zhaoqian Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Department of Engineering Mechanics, International Research Center for Computational Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Haixu Shen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Khizar Nandoliya
- Department of Chemistry, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Hangbo Zhao
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - KunHyuck Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Yixin Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Daniel Franklin
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Raudel Avila
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Shuai Xu
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Alina Rwei
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Mengdi Han
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Kyeongha Kwon
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujun Deng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xinge Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloong Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Edward B Thorp
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 300 E. Superior Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Xue Feng
- AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yonggang Huang
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Joseph Forbess
- Children's Heart Program, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine 110 S. Paca Street Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular-Thoracic Surgery, Departments of Surgery and Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago; Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 225 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Zhi-Dong Ge
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 300 E. Superior Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
- Division of Cardiovascular-Thoracic Surgery, Departments of Surgery and Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago; Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 225 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - John A Rogers
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Departments of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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Near-Field Communication in Biomedical Applications. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21030703. [PMID: 33498589 PMCID: PMC7864326 DOI: 10.3390/s21030703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Near-field communication (NFC) is a low-power wireless communication technology used in contemporary daily life. This technology contributes not only to user identification and payment methods, but also to various biomedical fields such as healthcare and disease monitoring. This paper focuses on biomedical applications among the diverse applications of NFC. It addresses the benefits of combining traditional and new sensors (temperature, pressure, electrophysiology, blood flow, sweat, etc.) with NFC technology. Specifically, this report describes how NFC technology, which is simply applied in everyday life, can be combined with sensors to present vision and opportunities to modern people.
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35
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Kim J. Networks and near-field communication: up-close but far away. Digit Health 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-818914-6.00019-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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36
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Sun exposure reduction by melanoma survivors with wearable sensor providing real-time UV exposure and daily text messages with structured goal setting. Arch Dermatol Res 2020; 313:685-694. [PMID: 33185716 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-020-02163-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite knowledge of subsequent melanoma risk and the benefit of sun protection in risk reduction, melanoma survivors often do not engage in adequate sun protection and continue to sunburn at rates similar to individuals without a history of skin cancer. This novel intensive intervention provided a wearable UV sensor delivering real-time UV exposure with a smartphone and daily text messages. On days 1-10 (period 1), behavioral facilitation and outcome expectancies messages were provided. On day 10, participants reviewed and reflected on their daily UV exposure on the previous 10 days and set goals for improving sun protection. Then on days 11-21 (period 2) self-efficacy and self-regulation messages were provided. Sixty melanoma survivors were randomized (1:1) to receive structured or unstructured goal setting queries on day 10. Controlling for cloudy/rain conditions with less UV due to weather, there was a time effect with a significant decrease in UV exposure from periods 1-2 [period 1-2, F (59) = 22.60, p < 0.0001]. In this short-term study, melanoma survivors managed their daily UV exposure to stay below their maximum tolerated UV dose. ClinicalTrials.gov Protocol Record NCT0334796, date of registration Nov 15, 2017.
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37
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Liu Q, Zhao C, Chen M, Liu Y, Zhao Z, Wu F, Li Z, Weiss PS, Andrews AM, Zhou C. Flexible Multiplexed In 2O 3 Nanoribbon Aptamer-Field-Effect Transistors for Biosensing. iScience 2020; 23:101469. [PMID: 33083757 PMCID: PMC7509003 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Flexible sensors are essential for advancing implantable and wearable bioelectronics toward monitoring chemical signals within and on the body. Developing biosensors for monitoring multiple neurotransmitters in real time represents a key in vivo application that will increase understanding of information encoded in brain neurochemical fluxes. Here, arrays of devices having multiple In2O3 nanoribbon field-effect transistors (FETs) were fabricated on 1.4-μm-thick polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates using shadow mask patterning techniques. Thin PET-FET devices withstood crumpling and bending such that stable transistor performance with high mobility was maintained over >100 bending cycles. Real-time detection of the small-molecule neurotransmitters serotonin and dopamine was achieved by immobilizing recently identified high-affinity nucleic-acid aptamers on individual In2O3 nanoribbon devices. Limits of detection were 10 fM for serotonin and dopamine with detection ranges spanning eight orders of magnitude. Simultaneous sensing of temperature, pH, serotonin, and dopamine enabled integration of physiological and neurochemical data from individual bioelectronic devices. We fabricated flexible In2O3 nanoribbon transistors using cleanroom-free processes Flexible In2O3 transistors withstood crumpling and bending with stable performance Flexible aptamer biosensors detect neurotransmitters in real time Multiplexed sensors monitor temperature, pH, serotonin, and dopamine simultaneously
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhou Liu
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.,Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Chuanzhen Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mingrui Chen
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Yihang Liu
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Zhiyuan Zhao
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Fanqi Wu
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Zhen Li
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Paul S Weiss
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Departments of Bioengineering and Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Anne M Andrews
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, and Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Chongwu Zhou
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.,Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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Montaldo P, Cunnington A, Oliveira V, Swamy R, Bandya P, Pant S, Lally PJ, Ivain P, Mendoza J, Atreja G, Padmesh V, Baburaj M, Sebastian M, Yasashwi I, Kamalarathnam C, Chandramohan R, Mangalabharathi S, Kumaraswami K, Kumar S, Benakappa N, Manerkar S, Mondhkar J, Prakash V, Sajjid M, Seeralar A, Jahan I, Moni SC, Shahidullah M, Sujatha R, Chandrasekaran M, Ramji S, Shankaran S, Kaforou M, Herberg J, Thayyil S. Transcriptomic profile of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes after neonatal encephalopathy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13100. [PMID: 32753750 PMCID: PMC7403382 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70131-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid and early diagnostic test to identify the encephalopathic babies at risk of adverse outcome may accelerate the development of neuroprotectants. We examined if a whole blood transcriptomic signature measured soon after birth, predicts adverse neurodevelopmental outcome eighteen months after neonatal encephalopathy. We performed next generation sequencing on whole blood ribonucleic acid obtained within six hours of birth from the first 47 encephalopathic babies recruited to the Hypothermia for Encephalopathy in Low and middle-income countries (HELIX) trial. Two infants with blood culture positive sepsis were excluded, and the data from remaining 45 were analysed. A total of 855 genes were significantly differentially expressed between the good and adverse outcome groups, of which RGS1 and SMC4 were the most significant. Biological pathway analysis adjusted for gender, trial randomisation allocation (cooling therapy versus usual care) and estimated blood leukocyte proportions revealed over-representation of genes from pathways related to melatonin and polo-like kinase in babies with adverse outcome. These preliminary data suggest that transcriptomic profiling may be a promising tool for rapid risk stratification in neonatal encephalopathy. It may provide insights into biological mechanisms and identify novel therapeutic targets for neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Montaldo
- Department of Brain Sciences, Centre for Perinatal Neuroscience, Imperial College London, London, UK. .,Neonatal Unit, Università Degli Studi Della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
| | - Aubrey Cunnington
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Vania Oliveira
- Department of Brain Sciences, Centre for Perinatal Neuroscience, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ravi Swamy
- Department of Brain Sciences, Centre for Perinatal Neuroscience, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Prathik Bandya
- Neonatal Medicine, Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Stuti Pant
- Department of Brain Sciences, Centre for Perinatal Neuroscience, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Peter J Lally
- Department of Brain Sciences, Centre for Perinatal Neuroscience, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Phoebe Ivain
- Department of Brain Sciences, Centre for Perinatal Neuroscience, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Josephine Mendoza
- Department of Brain Sciences, Centre for Perinatal Neuroscience, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Gaurav Atreja
- Department of Brain Sciences, Centre for Perinatal Neuroscience, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Vadakepat Padmesh
- Neonatal Medicine, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Madras Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mythili Baburaj
- Neonatal Medicine, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Madras Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Monica Sebastian
- Neonatal Medicine, Institute of Child Health, Madras Medical College, Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - Indiramma Yasashwi
- Neonatal Medicine, Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Chinnathambi Kamalarathnam
- Neonatal Medicine, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Madras Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rema Chandramohan
- Neonatal Medicine, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Madras Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sundaram Mangalabharathi
- Neonatal Medicine, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Madras Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kumutha Kumaraswami
- Neonatal Medicine, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Madras Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shobha Kumar
- Neonatal Medicine, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Madras Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Naveen Benakappa
- Neonatal Medicine, Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | | | - Vinayagam Prakash
- Neonatal Medicine, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Madras Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohammed Sajjid
- Neonatal Medicine, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Madras Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arasar Seeralar
- Neonatal Medicine, Institute of Child Health, Madras Medical College, Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - Ismat Jahan
- Neonatal Medicine, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Mohammod Shahidullah
- Neonatal Medicine, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Radhika Sujatha
- Neonatal Medicine, Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Manigandan Chandrasekaran
- Department of Brain Sciences, Centre for Perinatal Neuroscience, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Siddarth Ramji
- Neonatal Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Seetha Shankaran
- Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Myrsini Kaforou
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jethro Herberg
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sudhin Thayyil
- Department of Brain Sciences, Centre for Perinatal Neuroscience, Imperial College London, London, UK
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39
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Qiao L, Benzigar MR, Subramony JA, Lovell NH, Liu G. Advances in Sweat Wearables: Sample Extraction, Real-Time Biosensing, and Flexible Platforms. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:34337-34361. [PMID: 32579332 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c07614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Wearable biosensors for sweat-based analysis are gaining wide attention due to their potential use in personal health monitoring. Flexible wearable devices enable sweat analysis at the molecular level, facilitating noninvasive monitoring of physiological states via real-time monitoring of chemical biomarkers. Advances in sweat extraction technology, real-time biosensors, stretchable materials, device integration, and wireless digital technologies have led to the development of wearable sweat-biosensing devices that are light, flexible, comfortable, aesthetic, affordable, and informative. Herein, we summarize recent advances of sweat wearables from the aspects of sweat extraction, fabrication of stretchable biomaterials, and design of biosensing modules to enable continuous biochemical monitoring, which are essential for a biosensing device. Key chemical components of sweat, sweat capture methodologies, and considerations of flexible substrates for integrating real-time biosensors with electronics to bring innovations in the art of wearables are elaborated. The strategies and challenges involved in improving the wearable biosensing performance and the perspectives for designing sweat-based wearable biosensing devices are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laicong Qiao
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Mercy Rose Benzigar
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - J Anand Subramony
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Nigel H Lovell
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Guozhen Liu
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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40
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Kim K, Kim B, Lee CH. Printing Flexible and Hybrid Electronics for Human Skin and Eye-Interfaced Health Monitoring Systems. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1902051. [PMID: 31298450 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201902051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Advances in printing materials and techniques for flexible and hybrid electronics in the domain of connected healthcare have enabled rapid development of innovative body-interfaced health monitoring systems at a tremendous pace. Thin, flexible, and stretchable biosensors that are printed on a biocompatible soft substrate provide the ability to noninvasively and unobtrusively integrate with the human body for continuous monitoring and early detection of diseases and other conditions affecting health and well being. Hybrid integration of such biosensors with extremely well-established silicon-based microcircuit chips offers a viable route for in-sensor data processing and wireless transmission in many medical and clinical settings. Here, a set of advanced and hybrid printing techniques is summarized, covering diverse aspects ranging from active electronic materials to process capability, for their use in human skin and eye-interfaced health monitoring systems with different levels of complexity. Essential components of the devices, including constituent biomaterials, structural layouts, assembly methods, and power and data processing configurations, are outlined and discussed in a categorized manner tailored to specific clinical needs. Perspectives on the benefits and challenges of these systems in basic and applied biomedical research are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyunghun Kim
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Bongjoong Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Chi Hwan Lee
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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41
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Xie Z, Avila R, Huang Y, Rogers JA. Flexible and Stretchable Antennas for Biointegrated Electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1902767. [PMID: 31490582 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201902767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Combined advances in material science, mechanical engineering, and electrical engineering form the foundations of thin, soft electronic/optoelectronic platforms that have unique capabilities in wireless monitoring and control of various biological processes in cells, tissues, and organs. Miniaturized, stretchable antennas represent an essential link between such devices and external systems for control, power delivery, data processing, and/or communication. Applications typically involve a demanding set of considerations in performance, size, and stretchability. Some of the most effective strategies rely on unusual materials such as liquid metals, nanowires, and woven textiles or on optimally configured 2D/3D structures such as serpentines and helical coils of conventional materials. In the best cases, the performance metrics of small, stretchable, radio frequency (RF) antennas realized using these strategies compare favorably to those of traditional devices. Examples range from dipole, monopole, and patch antennas for far-field RF operation, to magnetic loop antennas for near-field communication (NFC), where the key parameters include operating frequency, Q factor, radiation pattern, and reflection coefficient S11 across a range of mechanical deformations and cyclic loads. Despite significant progress over the last several years, many challenges and associated research opportunities remain in the development of high-efficiency antennas for biointegrated electronic/optoelectronic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqian Xie
- Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Raudel Avila
- Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Yonggang Huang
- Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - John A Rogers
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Neurological Surgery, Chemistry, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Simpson Querrey Institute and Feinberg Medical School, Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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42
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Ma Y, Zhang Y, Cai S, Han Z, Liu X, Wang F, Cao Y, Wang Z, Li H, Chen Y, Feng X. Flexible Hybrid Electronics for Digital Healthcare. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1902062. [PMID: 31243834 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201902062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in material innovation and structural design provide routes to flexible hybrid electronics that can combine the high-performance electrical properties of conventional wafer-based electronics with the ability to be stretched, bent, and twisted to arbitrary shapes, revolutionizing the transformation of traditional healthcare to digital healthcare. Here, material innovation and structural design for the preparation of flexible hybrid electronics are reviewed, a brief chronology of these advances is given, and biomedical applications in bioelectrical monitoring and stimulation, optical monitoring and treatment, acoustic imitation and monitoring, bionic touch, and body-fluid testing are described. In conclusion, some remarks on the challenges for future research of flexible hybrid electronics are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinji Ma
- AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yingchao Zhang
- AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shisheng Cai
- AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhiyuan Han
- AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xin Liu
- AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Fengle Wang
- AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yu Cao
- AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhouheng Wang
- AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Hangfei Li
- AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yihao Chen
- AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xue Feng
- AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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43
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Ali SM, Ali U. An approach to design a wristwatch for the protection of the human skin damage induced by ultraviolet and infrared radiations. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2020; 36:278-289. [PMID: 32187717 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultraviolet radiations (UV) absorbed by the skin can drive photochemical reactions which range from sunburn to skin cancer. The repeated exposure to Infrared radiations (IR) induces the heat into the skin, which causes dehydration and erythema as an immediate effect. This heat activates the metalloproteinase enzyme that reduces the number of procollagen and collagen fibers in the dermal skin, which results premature skin aging. This work aims to design a protective measure in order to avoid these damages. METHOD The proposed protective measure is a wristwatch with an alert alarm which can sense UV and IR radiations. Whenever UV/IR radiation levels exceed beyond the defined limits, alarm will be activated that warns the user to apply protective measures. These radiations are detected by SI1145 digital UV Index/IR/visible light sensor and assigned, using Arduino, to an appropriate UV index and IR radiation levels. RESULTS The IR and UV readings were recorded several times and at four different hours through the day. The readings showed its highest value at 10 am and 2 pm, which are considered the highest sun intensity. The other readings were at 6 am and 5 pm and considered the least dangerous hours. CONCLUSION The data collected from the sensor are used to program the alarm. To combine all components, a PCB and a prototype were designed and printed. The UV/IR wristwatch is applicable to alert the user from the continuous and accumulated harmful effects of the radiations and enable them to seek protective measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Mehmood Ali
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Uzma Ali
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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44
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Kim JJ, Andrew TL. Real-time and noninvasive detection of UV-Induced deep tissue damage using electrical tattoos. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 150:111909. [PMID: 31786020 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Understanding longterm deep tissue damage caused by UV radiation is imperative for ensuring the health and safety of living organisms that are regularly exposed to radiation sources. While existing UV dosimeters can quantify the cumulative amount of radiation to which an organism is exposed, these sensors cannot reveal the presence and extent of internal tissue damage caused by such exposure. Here we describe a method that uses conducting polymer tattoos to detect UV radiation-induced deep tissue damage in living organisms using bioimpedance analysis (BIA), which allows for noninvasive, real-time measurements of body composition and point-of-care assessment of clinical condition. To establish a performance baseline for this method, we quantify the effects of UVA radiation on live plant leaves. Low-energy UVA waves penetrate further into biological tissue, as compared to UVB, UVC and ionizing radiation, and cause longlasting deep tissue damage that cannot be immediately and readily detected using surface-sensitive techniques, such as photogrammetry and epidermal sensors. We show that single-frequency bioimpedance analysis allows for sensitive, real-time monitoring of UVA damage: as UVA dose increases, the bioimpedance of a plant leaf measured at a frequency of 1 kHz linearly decreases until the extent of radiation damage saturates and the specimen is effectively necrotized. We establish a strong correlation between radiation fluence, internal biological damage and the bioimpedance signal measured using our conducting polymer tattoos, which supports the efficacy of our method as a new type of internal biodosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Joon Kim
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States
| | - Trisha L Andrew
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States.
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Wireless battery-free body sensor networks using near-field-enabled clothing. Nat Commun 2020; 11:444. [PMID: 31974376 PMCID: PMC6978350 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14311-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Networks of sensors placed on the skin can provide continuous measurement of human physiological signals for applications in clinical diagnostics, athletics and human-machine interfaces. Wireless and battery-free sensors are particularly desirable for reliable long-term monitoring, but current approaches for achieving this mode of operation rely on near-field technologies that require close proximity (at most a few centimetres) between each sensor and a wireless readout device. Here, we report near-field-enabled clothing capable of establishing wireless power and data connectivity between multiple distant points around the body to create a network of battery-free sensors interconnected by proximity to functional textile patterns. Using computer-controlled embroidery of conductive threads, we integrate clothing with near-field-responsive patterns that are completely fabric-based and free of fragile silicon components. We demonstrate the utility of the networked system for real-time, multi-node measurement of spinal posture as well as continuous sensing of temperature and gait during exercise. Though wireless near-field communication (NFC) technologies that connect wearable sensors for health monitoring have been reported, the short range of NFC readers limits sensor functionality. Here, the authors report a wireless and battery-free body sensor network with near-field-enabled clothing.
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Kwon K, Heo SY, Yoo I, Banks A, Chan M, Lee JY, Park JB, Kim J, Rogers JA. Miniaturized, light-adaptive, wireless dosimeters autonomously monitor exposure to electromagnetic radiation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaay2462. [PMID: 31853499 PMCID: PMC6910837 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay2462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to electromagnetic radiation (EMR) from the sun and from artificial lighting systems represents a modifiable risk factor for a broad range of health conditions including skin cancer, skin aging, sleep and mood disorders, and retinal damage. Technologies for personalized EMR dosimetry could guide lifestyles toward behaviors that ensure healthy levels of exposure. Here, we report a millimeter-scale, ultralow-power digital dosimeter platform that provides continuous EMR dosimetry in an autonomous mode at one or multiple wavelengths simultaneously, with time-managed wireless, long-range communication to standard consumer devices. A single, small button cell battery supports a multiyear life span, enabled by the combined use of a light-powered, accumulation mode of detection and a light-adaptive, ultralow-power circuit design. Field studies demonstrate single- and multimodal dosimetry platforms of this type, with a focus on monitoring short-wavelength blue light from indoor lighting and display systems and ultraviolet/visible/infrared radiation from the sun.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeongha Kwon
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yun Heo
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Injae Yoo
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Anthony Banks
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Michelle Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Jong Yoon Lee
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Jun Bin Park
- Department of Statistics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jeonghyun Kim
- Department of Electronics Convergence Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - John A. Rogers
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Departments of Neurological Surgery, Chemistry, Materials Science and Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science; Center for Advanced Regenerative Engineering; and Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Corresponding author.
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Park YG, Kim H, Park SY, Kim JY, Park JU. Instantaneous and Repeatable Self-Healing of Fully Metallic Electrodes at Ambient Conditions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:41497-41505. [PMID: 31612704 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b12417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent approaches in self-healable electrodes use polymers with exhibiting significantly low electrical conductivity, compared to conventional metals. Such self-healable electrodes also require external stimuli to initiate self-healing, or present slow restoration for their intrinsic healing. Herein, we introduce an instantaneous and repeatable self-healing of highly conductive, fully metallic electrodes at ambient conditions. These electrodes consist of silver and liquid metal (with no polymer), and exhibit a sufficiently high conductivity of 2 S/μm. The liquid metal (LM) component enables instantaneous and repeatable self-healing of these electrodes (within a few milliseconds) under no external energy as well as high stretchability. Additionally, the inclusion of silver in this LM improves the mechanical strength of this composite, thereby overcoming the limitation of a pristine LM that has low mechanical strength. Moreover, this composite formation can be effective in preventing the penetration of gallium atoms into different metals, while preserving electrical contact properties. Also the self-healable nature of electrodes enables their outstanding sustainability against electrical breakdown at relatively high electric fields. Furthermore, the compatibility of these self-healable electrodes with conventional photolithography and wet etching facilitates high-resolution patterning for device fabrications, as demonstrated in an example with a self-healable organic light-emitting diode display.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Geun Park
- Nano Science Technology Institute, Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyobeom Kim
- Nano Science Technology Institute, Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Park
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Young Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Ung Park
- Nano Science Technology Institute, Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
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Waree K, Pangza K, Jangsawang N, Thongbai P, Buranurak S. DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF POLY (VINYLIDENE FLUORIDE)/BARIUM TITANATE NANOCOMPOSITES UNDER GAMMA IRRADIATION. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2019; 184:342-346. [PMID: 31038703 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncz111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The main focus of this study is to investigate the effect of gamma irradiation on the electrical properties of PVDF/BT nanocomposites. A 1.25 MeV gamma-ray was delivered to the composite films with different BaTiO3-volume fraction, ƒBT = 0-0.4, and with different absorbed doses ranged 50-2500 Gy. Dielectric properties of PVDF/BaTiO3 composites under frequencies ranged from 100 Hz to 10 MHz at room temperature were investigated using an impedance analyser. An increase of 28% in the dielectric constant and a decrease of 15% in the loss tangent were observed in the PVDF/BT 40 vol% nanocomposite film under the accumulated dose of 1500 Gy. Scanning electron microscopy provided no significant difference in microscopic structures between non-exposed and gamma-exposed materials. Fourier-transform infra-red spectroscopy provides gamma-induced transition of PVDF-crystalline forms as alpha-PVDF into beta-PVDF/gamma-PVDF which has been reported as one of the main factors affected the change of dielectric constant in polymers. UV-visible spectrophotometry has been observed gamma-induced red shift in the absorption edge of the PVDF/BT 40 vol% nanocomposite film from 400 nm to 420 nm under the accumulated dose of 1500 Gy. However, a blue shift is observed with increase the accumulated dose up to 2000 Gy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Waree
- Department of Physics, Faculty of science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - K Pangza
- Gems Irradiation Center, Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology, Nakhon Nayok, Thailand
| | - N Jangsawang
- Gems Irradiation Center, Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology, Nakhon Nayok, Thailand
| | - P Thongbai
- Department of Physics, Faculty of science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - S Buranurak
- Department of Physics, Faculty of science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Ray TR, Choi J, Bandodkar AJ, Krishnan S, Gutruf P, Tian L, Ghaffari R, Rogers JA. Bio-Integrated Wearable Systems: A Comprehensive Review. Chem Rev 2019; 119:5461-5533. [PMID: 30689360 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 407] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bio-integrated wearable systems can measure a broad range of biophysical, biochemical, and environmental signals to provide critical insights into overall health status and to quantify human performance. Recent advances in material science, chemical analysis techniques, device designs, and assembly methods form the foundations for a uniquely differentiated type of wearable technology, characterized by noninvasive, intimate integration with the soft, curved, time-dynamic surfaces of the body. This review summarizes the latest advances in this emerging field of "bio-integrated" technologies in a comprehensive manner that connects fundamental developments in chemistry, material science, and engineering with sensing technologies that have the potential for widespread deployment and societal benefit in human health care. An introduction to the chemistries and materials for the active components of these systems contextualizes essential design considerations for sensors and associated platforms that appear in following sections. The subsequent content highlights the most advanced biosensors, classified according to their ability to capture biophysical, biochemical, and environmental information. Additional sections feature schemes for electrically powering these sensors and strategies for achieving fully integrated, wireless systems. The review concludes with an overview of key remaining challenges and a summary of opportunities where advances in materials chemistry will be critically important for continued progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler R Ray
- Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Jungil Choi
- Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Amay J Bandodkar
- Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Siddharth Krishnan
- Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Philipp Gutruf
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Arizona Tucson , Arizona 85721 , United States
| | - Limei Tian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
| | - Roozbeh Ghaffari
- Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - John A Rogers
- Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
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