1
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Gupta M, Kumar S, Kumar R, Kumar A, Verma R, Darokar MP, Rout P, Pal A. Inhibition of heme detoxification pathway in malaria parasite by 3-hydroxy-11-keto-β-boswellic acid isolated from Boswellia serrata. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112302. [PMID: 34678731 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria eradication is still a major global health problem in developing countries, which has been of more concern ever since the malaria parasite has developed resistance against frontline antimalarial drugs. Historical evidence proves that the plants possess a major resource for the development of novel anti-malarial drugs. In the present study, the bioactivity guided fractionation of the oleogum-resin of Boswellia serrata Roxb. yielded the optimum activity in the ethyl acetate fraction with an IC50 of 22 ± 3.9 μg/mL and 26.5 ± 4.5 μg/mL against chloroquine sensitive (NF54) and resistant (K1) strains of Plasmodium falciparum respectively. Further, upon fractionation, the ethyl acetate fraction yielded four major compounds, of which 3-Hydroxy-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (KBA) was found to be the most potent with IC50 values 4.5 ± 0.60 µg/mL and 6.25 ± 1.02 μg/mL against sensitive and resistant strains respectively. KBA was found to inhibit heme detoxification pathways, one of the most common therapeutic targets, which probably lead to an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) detrimental to P. falciparum. Further, the induced intracellular oxidative stress affected the macromolecules in terms of DNA damage, increased lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation as well as loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. However, it did not exhibit any cytotoxic effect in VERO cells. Under in vivo conditions, KBA exhibited a significant reduction in parasitemia, retarding the development of anaemia, resulting in an enhancement of the mean survival time in Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis (chloroquine-resistant) infected mice. Further, KBA did not exhibit any abnormality in serum biochemistry of animals that underwent acute oral toxicity studies at 2000 mg/kg body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri Gupta
- Phytochemistry, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Ravi Kumar
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Riya Verma
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Mahendra Pandurang Darokar
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Prashant Rout
- Phytochemistry, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India.
| | - Anirban Pal
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India.
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2
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Joshi MC, Egan TJ. Quinoline Containing Side-chain Antimalarial Analogs: Recent Advances and Therapeutic Application. Curr Top Med Chem 2020; 20:617-697. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200127141550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The side-chains of quinoline antimalarial agents are the major concern of focus to build
novel and efficaciaous bioactive and clinical antimalarials. Bioative antimalarial analogs may play a
critical role in pH trapping in the food vacuole of RBC’s with the help of fragmented amino acid, thus
lead to β-hematin inhibition. Here, the authors tried to summarize a useful, comprehensive compilation
of side-chain modified ACQs along with their synthesis, biophysical and therapeutic applications etc.
of potent antiplasmodial agents and therefore, opening the door towards the potential clinical status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh C. Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, Motilal Nehru College, Benito Juarez Marg, South Campus, University of Delhi, New Delhi- 110021, India
| | - Timothy J. Egan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
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3
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Tripathi M, Taylor D, Khan SI, Tekwani BL, Ponnan P, Das US, Velpandian T, Rawat DS. Hybridization of Fluoro-amodiaquine (FAQ) with Pyrimidines: Synthesis and Antimalarial Efficacy of FAQ-Pyrimidines. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:714-719. [PMID: 31097988 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
To evade the possible toxicity associated with the formation of quinone-imine metabolite in amodiaquine (AQ), the para-hydroxyl group was replaced with a -F atom, and the resulting 4'-fluoro-amodiaquine (FAQ) was hybridized with substituted pyrimidines. The synthesized FAQ-pyrimidines displayed better in vitro potency than chloroquine (CQ) against the resistant P. falciparum strain (Dd2), exhibiting up to 47.3-fold better activity (IC50: 4.69 nM) than CQ (IC50: 222 nM) and 2.8-fold better potency than artesunate (IC50: 13.0 nM). Twelve compounds exhibited better antiplasmodial activity than CQ against the CQ-sensitive (NF54) strain. Two compounds were evaluated in vivo against a P. berghei-mouse malaria model. Mechanistic heme-binding studies, computational docking studies against Pf-DHFR and in vitro microsomal stability studies were performed for the representative molecules of the series to assess their antimalarial efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Tripathi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Dale Taylor
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa
| | - Shabana I. Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Babu L. Tekwani
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Prija Ponnan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Ujjalkumar Subhash Das
- Department of Ocular Pharmacology, Dr. R.P. Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar East, Aurobindo Marg, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Thirumurthy Velpandian
- Department of Ocular Pharmacology, Dr. R.P. Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar East, Aurobindo Marg, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Diwan S. Rawat
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
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4
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Mina PR, Kumar Y, Verma AK, Khan F, Tandon S, Pal A, Darokar MP. Silymarin, a polyphenolic flavonoid impede Plasmodium falciparum growth through interaction with heme. Nat Prod Res 2019; 34:2647-2651. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1548449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Rani Mina
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, U.P., India
| | - Yogesh Kumar
- Metabolic & Structural Biology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, U.P., India
| | - Ajeet Kumar Verma
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, U.P., India
| | - Feroz Khan
- Metabolic & Structural Biology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, U.P., India
| | - Sudeep Tandon
- Chemical Processing Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
| | - Anirban Pal
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, U.P., India
| | - Mahendra Pandurang Darokar
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, U.P., India
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5
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Jain M, Reddy CVRP, Halder M, Singh S, Kumar R, Wasudeo SG, Singh PP, Khan SI, Jacob MR, Tekwani BL, Jain R. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 8-Quinolinamines and Their Amino Acid Conjugates as Broad-Spectrum Anti-infectives. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:3060-3075. [PMID: 30023858 PMCID: PMC6045484 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b02047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In the search of therapeutic agents for emerging drug-resistant parasites, the synthesis of newer classes of 8-quinolinamines has emerged as a successful chemotherapeutic approach. We report synthesis of 8-quinolinamines bearing 5-alkoxy, 4-methyl, and 2-tert-butyl groups in the quinoline framework and their amino acid conjugates as broad-spectrum anti-infectives. 8-Quinolinamines exhibited potent in vitro antimalarial activity [IC50 = 20-4760 ng/mL (drug-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum D6 strain) and IC50 = 22-4760 ng/mL (drug-resistant P. falciparum W2 strain)]. The most promising analogues have cured all animals at 25 mg/kg/day against drug-sensitive Plasmodium berghei and at 50 mg/kg/day against multidrug-resistant Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis infections in Swiss mice. The in vitro antileishmanial activities (IC50 = 0.84-5.0 μg/mL and IC90 = 1.95-7.0 μg/mL) comparable to standard drug pentamidine were exhibited by several of the synthesized 8-quinolinamines. At the same time, very promising antifungal activities (Candida albicans-IC50 = 4.93-19.38 μg/mL; Candida glabrata-IC50 = 3.96-19.22 μg/mL; Candida krusei-IC50 = 2.89-18.95 μg/mL; Cryptococcus neoformans-IC50 = 0.67-18.64 μg/mL; and Aspergillus fumigatus-IC50 = 6.0-19.32 μg/mL) and antibacterial activities (Staphylococcus aureus-IC50 = 1.33-18.9 μg/mL; methicillin-resistant S. aureus-IC50 = 1.38-15.34 μg/mL; and Mycobacterium intracellulare-IC50 = 3.12-20 μg/mL) were also observed. None of the 8-quinolinamines exhibited cytotoxicity and therefore are a promising structural class of compounds as antiparasitic and antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Jain
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical
Education and Research, Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India
| | - C. V. Ravi P. Reddy
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical
Education and Research, Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India
| | - Moumita Halder
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical
Education and Research, Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India
| | - Savita Singh
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical
Education and Research, Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India
| | - Randheer Kumar
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical
Education and Research, Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India
| | - Sagar Gajbe Wasudeo
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical
Education and Research, Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India
| | - Prati Pal Singh
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical
Education and Research, Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India
| | - Shabana I. Khan
- National
Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Melissa R. Jacob
- National
Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Babu L. Tekwani
- National
Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Rahul Jain
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical
Education and Research, Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India
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6
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Tripathi M, Khan SI, Ponnan P, Kholiya R, Rawat DS. Aminoquinoline-Pyrimidine-Modified Anilines: Synthesis, In Vitro Antiplasmodial Activity, Cytotoxicity, Mechanistic Studies and ADME Predictions. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201701558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Tripathi
- Department of Chemistry; University of Delhi; Delhi- 110007 India
| | - Shabana I. Khan
- National Centre for Natural Products Research; University of Mississippi; MS-38677 USA
| | - Prija Ponnan
- Department of Chemistry; University of Delhi; Delhi- 110007 India
| | - Rohit Kholiya
- Department of Chemistry; University of Delhi; Delhi- 110007 India
| | - Diwan S. Rawat
- Department of Chemistry; University of Delhi; Delhi- 110007 India
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7
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Li Y, Wang Y, Zhang H. Synthesis of New tert
-Butyl- and Bromo-functionalized [1,2,4]Triazino [5,6- b
]indole-3-thiols and Indolo[2,3- b
]quinoxalines. J Heterocycl Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Institute of Superfine Chemicals; Bohai University; Jinzhou 121000 China
| | - Yang Wang
- Institute of Superfine Chemicals; Bohai University; Jinzhou 121000 China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Institute of Superfine Chemicals; Bohai University; Jinzhou 121000 China
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8
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Kholiya R, Khan SI, Bahuguna A, Tripathi M, Rawat DS. N-Piperonyl substitution on aminoquinoline-pyrimidine hybrids: Effect on the antiplasmodial potency. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 131:126-140. [PMID: 28315598 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of 4-aminoquinoline-piperonyl-pyrimidine hybrids were synthesized with the aim of identifying compounds with enhanced antimalarial activity. All the synthesized molecules were evaluated in vitro against cultured Plasmodium falciparum W2 and D6 strains and exhibited potent antiplasmodial activities with IC50 values in the range of 0.02-5.16 μM. Out of the 22 synthesised hybrids, 12 were found to be better (up to eight-fold more active) than chloroquine (CQ), particularly against the CQ-resistant W2 strain of P. falciparum with no significant cytotoxicity towards the mammalian cells. Mechanistic studies reveal that these compounds bind with heme and computational docking studies showed good docking interactions within the active site of Pf-DHFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Kholiya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Shabana I Khan
- National Centre for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
| | - Aparna Bahuguna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Mohit Tripathi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Diwan S Rawat
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
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9
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Reddy PL, Khan SI, Ponnan P, Tripathi M, Rawat DS. Design, synthesis and evaluation of 4-aminoquinoline-purine hybrids as potential antiplasmodial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 126:675-686. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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First synthesis of tert-butyl-substituted [1,2,4]triazino[5,6-b]indole-3-thiols and indolo[2,3-b]quinoxalines. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-014-1788-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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11
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M S, Koringa K, Dave U, Gatne D. A modified precise analytical method for anti-malarial screening: Heme polymerization assay. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2015; 201:112-5. [PMID: 26241332 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Malarial parasite detoxifies the heme generated in its food vacuole in many ways one of which involves heme polymerization to hemozoin. The existing heme polymerization assays involve use of activators along with buffers for polymerization of heme leading to its precipitation. Such assays then involve special instruments and laborious work of isolating the precipitated polymer and its detection. Simple and precise spectrophotometric and HTS methods were developed for heme polymerization using tween 20 as the activator without isolation of polymerized heme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saritha M
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V. L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Kashyap Koringa
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V. L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Urja Dave
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V. L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Dipti Gatne
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V. L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai 400056, India.
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12
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Teixeira C, Vale N, Pérez B, Gomes A, Gomes JRB, Gomes P. "Recycling" classical drugs for malaria. Chem Rev 2014; 114:11164-220. [PMID: 25329927 DOI: 10.1021/cr500123g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Teixeira
- Centro de Investigação em Química da Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto , P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal.,CICECO, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro , P-3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Nuno Vale
- Centro de Investigação em Química da Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto , P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bianca Pérez
- Centro de Investigação em Química da Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto , P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Gomes
- Centro de Investigação em Química da Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto , P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - José R B Gomes
- CICECO, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro , P-3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Paula Gomes
- Centro de Investigação em Química da Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto , P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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13
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Kaur K, Jain M, Khan SI, Jacob MR, Tekwani BL, Singh S, Singh PP, Jain R. Amino acid, dipeptide and pseudodipeptide conjugates of ring-substituted 8-aminoquinolines: Synthesis and evaluation of anti-infective, β-haematin inhibition and cytotoxic activities. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 52:230-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Revised: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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14
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Nhien NTT, Huy NT, Uyen DT, Deharo E, Hoa PTL, Hirayama K, Harada S, Kamei K. Effect of Inducers, Incubation Time and Heme Concentration on IC(50) Value Variation in Anti-heme Crystallization Assay. Trop Med Health 2012; 39:119-26. [PMID: 22438701 PMCID: PMC3289280 DOI: 10.2149/tmh.2011-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme detoxification through crystallization into hemozoin has been suggested as a good target for the development of screening assays for new antimalarials. However, comparisons among the data obtained from different experiments are difficult, and the IC50 values (the concentrations of drug that are required to inhibit 50% of hemozoin formation) for the same drug vary widely. We studied the effects of changes in heme concentration (precursor of β-hematin), incubation time and three inducers (SDS, Tween 20 and linoleic acid) on the IC50 of some antimalarials (chloroquine, quinine, amodiaquine, and clotrimazole). The results showed that increasing both inducer concentration and incubation time raised the IC50 of selected antimalarials. Any change in those factors caused the IC50 value to vary. Standardization of assay conditions is, therefore, necessary to increase reproducibility and reduce discrepancies in assay performance. Considering all of the variables, the best choice of inducers is in the order of SDS > Tween 20 > linoleic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thanh Thuy Nhien
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
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15
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Li Y, Tao X, Lin G, Gao W. Synthesis of novel 2,6-bis(5-t-butylbenzo[b]furan-2-ylcarbonyl)pyridines. HETEROCYCL COMMUN 2012. [DOI: 10.1515/hc-2012-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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16
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Kaur K, Jain M, Khan SI, Jacob MR, Tekwani BL, Singh S, Singh PP, Jain R. Extended side chain analogues of 8-aminoquinolines: Synthesis and evaluation of antiprotozoal, antimicrobial, β-hematin inhibition, and cytotoxic activities. MEDCHEMCOMM 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0md00267d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Garg A, Prasad B, Takwani H, Jain M, Jain R, Singh S. Evidence of the formation of direct covalent adducts of primaquine, 2-tert-butylprimaquine (NP-96) and monohydroxy metabolite of NP-96 with glutathione and N-acetylcysteine. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Revised: 10/17/2010] [Accepted: 10/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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18
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Burrows JN, Waterson D. Discovering New Medicines to Control and Eradicate Malaria. TOPICS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/7355_2011_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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19
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Kaur K, Jain M, Khan SI, Jacob MR, Tekwani BL, Singh S, Singh PP, Jain R. Synthesis, antiprotozoal, antimicrobial, β-hematin inhibition, cytotoxicity and methemoglobin (MetHb) formation activities of bis(8-aminoquinolines). Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 19:197-210. [PMID: 21172735 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2010] [Revised: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In continuing our search of potent antimalarials based on 8-aminoquinoline structural framework, three series of novel bis(8-aminoquinolines) using convenient one to four steps synthetic procedures were synthesized. The bisquinolines were evaluated for in vitro antimalarial (Plasmodiumfalciparum), antileishmanial (Leishmaniadonovani), antimicrobial (a panel of pathogenic bacteria and fungi), cytotoxicity, β-hematin inhibitory and methemoglobin (MetHb) formation activities. Several compounds exhibited superior antimalarial activities compared to parent drug primaquine. Selected compounds (44, 61 and 79) when tested for in vivo blood-schizontocidal antimalarial activity (Plasmodiumberghei) displayed potent blood-schizontocial activities. The bisquinolines showed negligible MetHb formation (0.2-1.2%) underlining their potential in the treatment of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficient patients. The bisquinoline analogues (36, 73 and 79) also exhibited promising in vitro antileishmanial activity, and antimicrobial activities (43, 44 and 76) against a panel of pathogenic bacteria and fungi. The results of this study provide evidence that bis(8-aminoquinolines), like their bis(4-aminoquinolines) and artemisinin dimers counterparts, are a promising class of antimalarial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirandeep Kaur
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India
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Mayatra SJ, Prasad B, Jain M, Jain R, Singh S. Development and validation of a sensitive and selective UHPLC–MS/MS method for quantitation of an investigational anti-malarial compound, 2-tert-butylprimaquine (NP-96) in rat plasma, and its application in a preclinical pharmacokinetic study. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 52:410-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2009.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2009] [Revised: 05/27/2009] [Accepted: 05/27/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Li Y, Zhang C, Sun M, Gao W. Facile synthesis of 10-tert-butyl[1]benzoxepino[3,4-b][1,3] dioxolo[4,5-g]quinolin-12(6H)-ones. J Heterocycl Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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22
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Nhien NTT, Huy NT, Naito M, Oida T, Uyen DT, Huang M, Kikuchi M, Harada S, Nakayama K, Hirayama K, Kamei K. Neutralization of toxic haem by Porphyromonas gingivalis haemoglobin receptor. J Biochem 2009; 147:317-25. [PMID: 19861401 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvp164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Free haem is known to be toxic to organs, tissues and cells. It enhances permeability by binding to a cell membrane, which leads to cell death, and damages lipids, proteins and DNA through the generation of reactive oxygen species. Lysine- and arginine-specific gingipains (Kgp and RgpA/B) are major proteinases that play an important role in the pathogenicity of a black-pigmented periodontopathogen named Porphyromonas gingivalis. One of the adhesin domains of gingipain, HbR could bind haem as an iron nutrient source for P. gingivalis. Using erythrocyte and its membrane as a model, results from the present study demonstrate that recombinant HbR expressed in Escherichia coli could inhibit haem-induced haemolysis, probably through removing haem from the haem-membrane complex and lowering free haem toxicity by mediating dimerization of haem molecules. The ability to protect a cell membrane from haem toxicity is a new function for HbR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thanh Thuy Nhien
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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Gabriele B, Mancuso R, Salerno G, Lupinacci E, Ruffolo G, Costa M. Versatile Synthesis of Quinoline-3-Carboxylic Esters and Indol-2-Acetic Esters by Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylation of 1-(2-Aminoaryl)-2-Yn-1-Ols. J Org Chem 2008; 73:4971-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jo8006495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bartolo Gabriele
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università della Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (Cosenza), Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica, Università della Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (Cosenza), Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Industriale, Università di Parma, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - Raffaella Mancuso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università della Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (Cosenza), Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica, Università della Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (Cosenza), Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Industriale, Università di Parma, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Salerno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università della Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (Cosenza), Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica, Università della Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (Cosenza), Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Industriale, Università di Parma, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - Elvira Lupinacci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università della Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (Cosenza), Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica, Università della Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (Cosenza), Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Industriale, Università di Parma, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ruffolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università della Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (Cosenza), Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica, Università della Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (Cosenza), Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Industriale, Università di Parma, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - Mirco Costa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università della Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (Cosenza), Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica, Università della Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (Cosenza), Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Industriale, Università di Parma, 43100 Parma, Italy
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