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Ghosh R, De M. Liposome-Based Antibacterial Delivery: An Emergent Approach to Combat Bacterial Infections. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:35442-35451. [PMID: 37810644 PMCID: PMC10551917 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The continued emergence and spread of drug-resistant pathogens and the decline in the approval of new antimicrobial drugs pose a major threat to managing infectious diseases, resulting in high morbidity and mortality. Even though a significant variety of antibiotics can effectively cure many bacterial infectious diseases, microbial infections remain one of the biggest global health problems, which may be due to the traditional drug delivery system's shortcomings which lead to poor therapeutic index, low drug absorption, and numerous other drawbacks. Further, the use of traditional antibiotics to treat infectious diseases has always been accompanied by the emergence of multidrug resistance and adverse side effects. Despite developing numerous new antibiotics, nanomaterials, and various techniques to combat infectious diseases, they have persisted as major global health issues. Improving the current antibiotic delivery systems is a promising approach to solving many life-threatening infections. In this context, nanoliposomal systems have recently attracted much attention. Herein, we attempt to provide a concise summary of recent studies that have used liposomal nanoparticles as delivery systems for antibacterial medicines. The minireview also highlights the enormous potential of liposomal nanoparticles as antibiotic delivery systems. The future of these promising approaches lies in developing more efficient delivery systems by precisely targeting bacterial cells with antibiotics with minimum cytotoxicity and high bacterial combating efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Ghosh
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Mrinmoy De
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India
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2
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Chen M, Shou Z, Jin X, Chen Y. Emerging strategies in nanotechnology to treat respiratory tract infections: realizing current trends for future clinical perspectives. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:2442-2458. [PMID: 35892224 PMCID: PMC9341380 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2089294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A boom in respiratory tract infection cases has inflicted a socio-economic burden on the healthcare system worldwide, especially in developing countries. Limited alternative therapeutic options have posed a major threat to human health. Nanotechnology has brought an immense breakthrough in the pharmaceutical industry in a jiffy. The vast applications of nanotechnology ranging from early diagnosis to treatment strategies are employed for respiratory tract infections. The research avenues explored a multitude of nanosystems for effective drug delivery to the target site and combating the issues laid through multidrug resistance and protective niches of the bacteria. In this review a brief introduction to respiratory diseases and multifaceted barriers imposed by bacterial infections are enlightened. The manuscript reviewed different nanosystems, i.e. liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, nanogels, and metallic (gold and silver) which enhanced bactericidal effects, prevented biofilm formation, improved mucus penetration, and site-specific delivery. Moreover, most of the nanotechnology-based recent research is in a preclinical and clinical experimental stage and safety assessment is still challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhua Chen
- Emergency & Intensive Care Unit Center, Department of Intensive Care Unit, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhangxuan Shou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue Jin
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingjun Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, People's Hospital of Tiantai County, Taizhou, China
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Patel M, Mazumder R, Mishra R, Kant Kaushik K. Potential of Nanotechnology-based Formulations in Combating Pulmonary Infectious Diseases: A Current Scenario. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:3413-3427. [PMID: 36397631 DOI: 10.2174/1381612829666221116143138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary microbial infection is mainly caused by microbes like atypical bacteria, viruses, and fungi, on both the upper and lower respiratory tracts. One of the demands of the present is the use of nanotechnology-based treatments to fight various lung infections. AIM The main aim of the study is to explore all pulmonary infectious diseases and to compare the advanced and novel treatment approaches with the conventional methods which are available to treat infections. METHODS This work sheds light on pulmonary infectious diseases with their conventional and present treatment approaches along with a focus on the advantageous roles of nano-based formulations. In the literature, it has been reported that the respiratory system is the key target of various infectious diseases which gives rise to various challenges in the treatment of pulmonary infections. RESULTS The present review article describes the global situation of pulmonary infections and the different strategies which are available for their management, along with their limitations. The article also highlights the advantages and different examples of nanoformulations currently combating the limitations of conventional therapies. CONCLUSION The content of the present article further reflects on the summary of recently published research and review works on pulmonary infections, conventional methods of treatment with their limitations, and the role of nano-based approaches to combat the existing infectious diseases which will jointly help the researchers to produce effective drug formulations with desired pharmacological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Patel
- Pharmacy Institute, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, 19, Knowledge Park-II, Institutional Area, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh-201 306, India
| | - Rupa Mazumder
- Pharmacy Institute, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, 19, Knowledge Park-II, Institutional Area, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh-201 306, India
| | - Rakhi Mishra
- Pharmacy Institute, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, 19, Knowledge Park-II, Institutional Area, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh-201 306, India
| | - Kamal Kant Kaushik
- Pharmacy Institute, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, 19, Knowledge Park-II, Institutional Area, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh-201 306, India
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Lipid-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Diseases Managements. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092137. [PMID: 36140237 PMCID: PMC9495957 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Liposomes are tiny lipid-based vesicles composed of one or more lipid bilayers, which facilitate the encapsulation of hydrophilic, lipophilic, and amphiphilic biological active agents. The description of the physicochemical properties, formulation methods, characteristics, mechanisms of action, and large-scale manufacturing of liposomes as delivery systems are deeply discussed. The benefits, toxicity, and limitations of the use of liposomes in pharmacotherapeutics including in diagnostics, brain targeting, eye and cancer diseases, and in infections are provided. The experimental approaches that may reduce, or even bypass, the use of liposomal drug drawbacks is described. The application of liposomes in the treatment of numerous diseases is discussed.
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Perez N, Altube MJ, Barbosa LRS, Romero EL, Perez AP. Thymus vulgaris essential oil + tobramycin within nanostructured archaeolipid carriers: A new approach against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 102:154179. [PMID: 35671606 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms in the respiratory tract of patients with an excessive inflammatory context are difficult to eradicate. New medicines that simultaneously target biofilms and inflammation should be developed. HYPOTHESIS Co-delivery of Thymus vulgaris essential oil (EOT) and tobramycin (TB) by nanostructured archaeolipids carriers (NAC) could support nebulization as well as improve EOT and TB antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibiofilm activity. METHODS NAC(EOT+TB) were prepared by loading EOT and TB in NAC having a compritol and miglyol core, covered with a shell of archaeolipids, extracted from the hyperhalophylic archaebacteria Halorubrum tebenquichense, and Tween 80. NAC(EOT+TB) were structurally characterized, including DSC thermograms, Raman spectra, TB release profile, EOT volatilization and in vitro antioxidant activity. In addition, stability upon nebulization, autoclaving and storage were assessed. The antibiofilm activity on P. aeruginosa PAO1 established biofilm of NAC(EOT+TB) and the cytotoxicity on human lung epithelial cells and macrophage were determined, as well as intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cytokines release on LPS stimulated cells. RESULTS NAC(EOT+TB) showed a size of 197 ± 16 nm with PdI of 0.3 ± 0.1 and ζ Potential of -38 ± 3 mV. Structural characterization suggested that EOT was trapped in the compritol-miglyol core and TB was distributed between the surface of nanoparticles and free in solution. NAC(EOT+TB) displayed a dual release profile of TB, a delayed release of EOT and improved EOTs in vitro antioxidant activity. While NAC(EOT+TB) preserved its structural features after nebulization, autoclaving and 18 months of storage, carriers without archaeolipids gelled at room temperature and showed a significant increase of size after the same storage time. Below cytotoxic concentration, NAC(EOT+TB) decreased bacteria viability and enhanced the disruption of established PAO1 biofilms compared to free TB and EOT. Also, the strong entrapment of EOT in NAC(EOT+TB) delayed its volatilization, decreased intracellular ROS production and maintained its anti-inflammatory activity in LPS stimulated cells. CONCLUSION Combination of EOT + TB within NAC(EOT+TB) result in a stable and nebulizable formulation that enhanced the antioxidant and anti-biofilm activity of free ingredients, improved their ability to decrease intracellular ROS and provided anti-inflammatory activity, at non-cytotoxic concentrations on eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Perez
- Nanomedicine Research and Development Centre, Science and Technology Department, National University of Quilmes, Roque Saenz Peña 352, Bernal, B1876, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Julia Altube
- Nanomedicine Research and Development Centre, Science and Technology Department, National University of Quilmes, Roque Saenz Peña 352, Bernal, B1876, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leandro Ramos Souza Barbosa
- Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil; Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Eder Lilia Romero
- Nanomedicine Research and Development Centre, Science and Technology Department, National University of Quilmes, Roque Saenz Peña 352, Bernal, B1876, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Paula Perez
- Nanomedicine Research and Development Centre, Science and Technology Department, National University of Quilmes, Roque Saenz Peña 352, Bernal, B1876, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Research Progress and Hopeful Strategies of Application of Quorum Sensing in Food, Agriculture and Nanomedicine. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10061192. [PMID: 35744710 PMCID: PMC9229978 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) regulates the expression of several genes including motility, biofilm development, virulence expression, population density detection and plasmid conjugation. It is based on “autoinducers”, small molecules that microorganisms produce and release in the extracellular milieu. The biochemistry of quorum sensing is widely discussed and numerous papers are available to scientists. The main purpose of this research is to understand how knowledge about this mechanism can be exploited for the benefit of humans and the environment. Here, we report the most promising studies on QS and their resulting applications in different fields of global interest: food, agriculture and nanomedicine.
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Combination and nanotechnology based pharmaceutical strategies for combating respiratory bacterial biofilm infections. Int J Pharm 2022; 616:121507. [PMID: 35085729 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory infections are one of the major global health problems. Among them, chronic respiratory infections caused by biofilm formation are difficult to treat because of both drug tolerance and poor drug penetration into the complex biofilm structure. A major part of the current research on combating respiratory biofilm infections have been focused on destroying the matrix of extracellular polymeric substance and eDNA of the biofilm or promoting the penetration of antibiotics through the extracellular polymeric substance via delivery technologies in order to kill the bacteria inside. There are also experimental data showing that certain inhaled antibiotics with simple formulations can effectively penetrate EPS to kill surficially located bacteria and centrally located dormant bacteria or persisters. This article aims to review recent advances in the pharmaceutical strategies for combating respiratory biofilm infections with a focus on nanotechnology-based drug delivery approaches. The formation and characteristics of bacterial biofilm infections in the airway mucus are presented, which is followed by a brief review on the current clinical approaches to treat respiratory biofilm infections by surgical removal and antimicrobial therapy, and also the emerging clinical treatment approaches. The current combination of antibiotics and non-antibiotic adjuvants to combat respiratory biofilm infections are also discussed.
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Bobrov AG, Getnet D, Swierczewski B, Jacobs A, Medina-Rojas M, Tyner S, Watters C, Antonic V. Evaluation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pathogenesis and therapeutics in military-relevant animal infection models. APMIS 2021; 130:436-457. [PMID: 34132418 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Modern combat-related injuries are often associated with acute polytrauma. As a consequence of severe combat-related injuries, a dysregulated immune response results in serious infectious complications. The gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that often causes life-threatening bloodstream, lung, bone, urinary tract, and wound infections following combat-related injuries. The rise in the number of multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa strains has elevated its importance to civilian clinicians and military medicine. Development of novel therapeutics and treatment options for P. aeruginosa infections is urgently needed. During the process of drug discovery and therapeutic testing, in vivo testing in animal models is a critical step in the bench-to-bedside approach, and required for Food and Drug Administration approval. Here, we review current and past literature with a focus on combat injury-relevant animal models often used to understand infection development, the interplay between P. aeruginosa and the host, and evaluation of novel treatments. Specifically, this review focuses on the following animal infection models: wound, burn, bone, lung, urinary tract, foreign body, and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G Bobrov
- Wound Infections Department, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Derese Getnet
- Wound Infections Department, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Brett Swierczewski
- Wound Infections Department, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Anna Jacobs
- Wound Infections Department, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Maria Medina-Rojas
- Wound Infections Department, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Stuart Tyner
- US Army Medical Research and Development Command Military Infectious Diseases Research Program, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Chase Watters
- Naval Medical Research Unit-3, Ghana Detachment, Accra, Ghana
| | - Vlado Antonic
- Wound Infections Department, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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9
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Gbian DL, Omri A. The Impact of an Efflux Pump Inhibitor on the Activity of Free and Liposomal Antibiotics against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13040577. [PMID: 33919624 PMCID: PMC8072581 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The eradication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis patients has become continuously difficult due to its increased resistance to treatments. This study assessed the efficacy of free and liposomal gentamicin and erythromycin, combined with Phenylalanine arginine beta-naphthylamide (PABN), a broad-spectrum efflux pump inhibitor, against P. aeruginosa isolates. Liposomes were prepared and characterized for their sizes and encapsulation efficiencies. The antimicrobial activities of formulations were determined by the microbroth dilution method. Their activity on P. aeruginosa biofilms was assessed, and the effect of sub-inhibitory concentrations on bacterial virulence factors, quorum sensing (QS) signals and bacterial motility was also evaluated. The average diameters of liposomes were 562.67 ± 33.74 nm for gentamicin and 3086.35 ± 553.95 nm for erythromycin, with encapsulation efficiencies of 13.89 ± 1.54% and 51.58 ± 2.84%, respectively. Liposomes and PABN combinations potentiated antibiotics by reducing minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations by 4–32 fold overall. The formulations significantly inhibited biofilm formation and differentially attenuated virulence factor production as well as motility. Unexpectedly, QS signal production was not affected by treatments. Taken together, the results indicate that PABN shows potential as an adjuvant of liposomal macrolides and aminoglycosides in the management of lung infections in cystic fibrosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdelwahab Omri
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-705-675-1151-2190; Fax: +1-705-675-4844
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10
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Regard L, Martin C, Teillaud JL, Lafoeste H, Vicaire H, Ladjemi MZ, Ollame-Omvane E, Sibéril S, Burgel PR. Effective control of Staphylococcus aureus lung infection despite tertiary lymphoid structure disorganisation. Eur Respir J 2021; 57:13993003.00768-2020. [PMID: 33093122 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00768-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are triggered by persistent bronchopulmonary infection with Staphylococcus aureus, but their roles remain elusive. The present study sought to examine the effects of B- and/or T-cell depletion on S. aureus infection and TLS development (lymphoid neogenesis) in mice. METHODS C57Bl/6 mice were pre-treated with 1) an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (mAb) (B-cell depletion) or 2) an anti-CD4 and/or an anti-CD8 mAb (T-cell depletion) or 3) a combination of anti-CD20, anti-CD4 and anti-CD8 mAbs (combined B- and T-cell depletion) or 4) isotype control mAbs. After lymphocyte depletion, mice were infected by intratracheal instillation of agarose beads containing S. aureus (106 CFU per mouse). 14 days later, bacterial load and lung inflammatory cell infiltration were assessed by cultures and immunohistochemistry, respectively. RESULTS 14 days after S. aureus-bead instillation, lung bacterial load was comparable between control and lymphocyte-depleted mice. While TLS were observed in the lungs of infected mice pre-treated with control mAbs, these structures were disorganised or abolished in the lungs of lymphocyte-depleted mice. The absence of CD20+ B-lymphocytes had no effect on CD3+ T-lymphocyte infiltration, whereas CD4+/CD8+ T-cell depletion markedly reduced CD20+ B-cell infiltration. Depletion of CD4+ or CD8+ T-cells separately had limited effect on B-cell infiltration, but led to the absence of germinal centres. CONCLUSION TLS disorganisation is not associated with loss of infection control in mice persistently infected with S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Regard
- Institut Cochin and Université de Paris, INSERM U1016, Paris, France.,Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Clémence Martin
- Institut Cochin and Université de Paris, INSERM U1016, Paris, France.,Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Teillaud
- Laboratory "Immune Microenvironment and Immunotherapy", Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Paris, France.,INSERM UMRS 1135, Faculté de Médecine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Lafoeste
- Institut Cochin and Université de Paris, INSERM U1016, Paris, France.,Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Hugues Vicaire
- Institut Cochin and Université de Paris, INSERM U1016, Paris, France.,Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | | | - Emilie Ollame-Omvane
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Sibéril
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Pierre-Régis Burgel
- Institut Cochin and Université de Paris, INSERM U1016, Paris, France .,Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Paris, France.,These authors contributed equally to this work
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11
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Wang Y. Liposome as a delivery system for the treatment of biofilm-mediated infections. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:2626-2639. [PMID: 33650748 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Biofilm formation by pathogenic microorganisms has been a tremendous challenge for antimicrobial therapies due to various factors. The biofilm matrix sequesters bacterial cells from the exterior environment and therefore prevents antimicrobial agents from reaching the interior. In addition, biofilm surface extracellular polymeric substances can absorb antimicrobial agents and thus reduce their bioavailability. To conquer these protection mechanisms, liposomes have been developed into a drug delivery system for antimicrobial agents against biofilm-mediated infections. The unique characteristics of liposomes, including versatility for cargoes, target-specificity, nonimmunogenicity, low toxicity, and biofilm matrix-/cell membrane-fusogenicity, remarkably improve the effectiveness of antimicrobial agents and minimize recurrence of infections. This review summarizes current development of liposomal carriers for biofilm therapeutics, presents evidence in their practical applications and discusses their potential limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, Australia
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12
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Gbian DL, Omri A. Current and novel therapeutic strategies for the management of cystic fibrosis. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2021; 18:535-552. [PMID: 33426936 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1874343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Cystic fibrosis (CF), is caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene and affects thousands of people throughout the world. Lung disease is the leading cause of death in CF patients. Despite the advances in treatments, the management of CF mainly targets symptoms. Recent CFTR modulators however target common mutations in patients, alleviating symptoms of CF. Unfortunately, there is still no approved treatments for patients with rare mutations to date.Areas covered: This paper reviews current treatments of CF that mitigate symptoms and target genetic defects. The use of gene and drug delivery systems such as viral or non-viral vectors and nano-compounds to enhance CFTR expression and the activity of antimicrobials against chronic pulmonary infections respectively, will also be discussed.Expert opinion: Nano-compounds tackle biological barriers to drug delivery and revitalize antimicrobials, anti-inflammatory drugs and even genes delivery to CF patients. Gene therapy and gene editing are of particular interest because they have the potential to directly target genetic defects. Nanoparticles should be formulated to more specifically target epithelial cells, and biofilms. Finally, the development of more potent gene vectors to increase the duration of gene expression and reduce inflammation is a promising strategy to eventually cure CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douweh Leyla Gbian
- The Novel Drug and Vaccine Delivery Systems Facility, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abdelwahab Omri
- The Novel Drug and Vaccine Delivery Systems Facility, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Bayat F, Hosseinpour-Moghadam R, Mehryab F, Fatahi Y, Shakeri N, Dinarvand R, Ten Hagen TLM, Haeri A. Potential application of liposomal nanodevices for non-cancer diseases: an update on design, characterization and biopharmaceutical evaluation. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 277:102121. [PMID: 32092487 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2020.102121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes, lipid-based vesicular systems, have attracted major interest as a means to improve drug delivery to various organs and tissues in the human body. Recent literature highlights the benefits of liposomes for use as drug delivery systems, including encapsulating of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic cargos, passive and active targeting, enhanced drug bioavailability and therapeutic effects, reduced systemic side effects, improved cargo penetration into the target tissue and triggered contents release. Pioneering work of liposomes researchers led to introduction of long-circulating, ligand-targeted and triggered release liposomes, as well as, liposomes containing nucleic acids and vesicles containing combination of cargos. Altogether, these findings have led to widespread application of liposomes in a plethora of areas from cancer to conditions such as cardiovascular, neurologic, respiratory, skin, autoimmune and eye disorders. There are numerous review articles on the application of liposomes in treatment of cancer, which seems the primary focus, whereas other diseases also benefit from liposome-mediated treatments. Therefore, this article provides an illustrated detailed overview of liposomal formulations, in vitro characterization and their applications in different disorders other than cancer. Challenges and future directions, which must be considered to obtain the most benefit from applications of liposomes in these disorders, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Bayat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Hosseinpour-Moghadam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mehryab
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Fatahi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Niayesh Shakeri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rassoul Dinarvand
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Timo L M Ten Hagen
- Laboratory Experimental Surgical Oncology, Section Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Azadeh Haeri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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14
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Eleraky NE, Allam A, Hassan SB, Omar MM. Nanomedicine Fight against Antibacterial Resistance: An Overview of the Recent Pharmaceutical Innovations. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E142. [PMID: 32046289 PMCID: PMC7076477 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12020142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the recent reports of World Health Organization, increased antibiotic resistance prevalence among bacteria represents the greatest challenge to human health. In addition, the poor solubility, stability, and side effects that lead to inefficiency of the current antibacterial therapy prompted the researchers to explore new innovative strategies to overcome such resilient microbes. Hence, novel antibiotic delivery systems are in high demand. Nanotechnology has attracted considerable interest due to their favored physicochemical properties, drug targeting efficiency, enhanced uptake, and biodistribution. The present review focuses on the recent applications of organic (liposomes, lipid-based nanoparticles, polymeric micelles, and polymeric nanoparticles), and inorganic (silver, silica, magnetic, zinc oxide (ZnO), cobalt, selenium, and cadmium) nanosystems in the domain of antibacterial delivery. We provide a concise description of the characteristics of each system that render it suitable as an antibacterial delivery agent. We also highlight the recent promising innovations used to overcome antibacterial resistance, including the use of lipid polymer nanoparticles, nonlamellar liquid crystalline nanoparticles, anti-microbial oligonucleotides, smart responsive materials, cationic peptides, and natural compounds. We further discuss the applications of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy, combination drug therapy, nano antibiotic strategy, and phage therapy, and their impact on evading antibacterial resistance. Finally, we report on the formulations that made their way towards clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermin E. Eleraky
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt; (N.E.E.); (A.A.)
| | - Ayat Allam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt; (N.E.E.); (A.A.)
- Assiut International Center of Nanomedicine, Al-Rajhy Liver Hospital, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Sahar B. Hassan
- Department of Clinical pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt;
| | - Mahmoud M. Omar
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia 61768, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
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15
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Ho DK, Nichols BLB, Edgar KJ, Murgia X, Loretz B, Lehr CM. Challenges and strategies in drug delivery systems for treatment of pulmonary infections. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 144:110-124. [PMID: 31493510 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Inhalation therapy has been reported as the most effective treatment for respiratory bacterial infections due to the increasing relevance of drug bioavailability. Drug delivery systems (DDS) have the capacity to overcome pulmonary biological barriers limiting the bioavailability of inhaled anti-infectives. This is important to eradicate bacterial infections and to prevent the development of bacterial resistance. Despite substantial efforts in the field, the current state-of-the-art often fails to achieve those goals, and we still observe increasing bacterial resistance. We give a brief insight on benefits and challenges in pulmonary delivery of anti-infectives. In the context of drug delivery development for pulmonary infections, particularly focusing on Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) infections, this mini review will critically discuss the main requirements, as well as the recent strategies of drug delivery system synthesis and preparation. Finally, interaction of DDS with crucial pulmonary biological barriers will be of great importance for the success of future applications of the developed DDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duy-Khiet Ho
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Brittany L B Nichols
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States; Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Kevin J Edgar
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States; Department of Sustainable Biomaterials, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Xabier Murgia
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Brigitta Loretz
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Claus-Michael Lehr
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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16
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Derbali RM, Aoun V, Moussa G, Frei G, Tehrani SF, Del’Orto JC, Hildgen P, Roullin VG, Chain JL. Tailored Nanocarriers for the Pulmonary Delivery of Levofloxacin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A Comparative Study. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:1906-1916. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b01256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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17
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Walvekar P, Gannimani R, Govender T. Combination drug therapy via nanocarriers against infectious diseases. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 127:121-141. [PMID: 30342173 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Current drug therapy against infections is threatening to become obsolete due to the poor physical, chemical, biological and pharmacokinetic properties of drugs, followed by high risk of acquiring resistance. Taking into account the significant benefits of nanotechnology, nano-based delivery of anti-infectious agents is emerging as a potential approach to combat several lethal infections. Co-delivery of multiple anti-infectious agents in a single nano-based system is beginning to show significant advantages over mono-therapy, such as synergism, enhanced anti-microbial activity, broad anti-microbial spectrum, reduced resistance development, and improved and cost-effective treatment. The current review provides a detailed update on the status of various lipid and polymer based nano-systems used to co-deliver multiple anti-infectious agents against bacterial, HIV and malarial infections. It also identifies current key challenges and suggests strategies to overcome them, thus guiding formulation scientists to further optimize nano-based co-drug delivery as an approach to fight infections effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Walvekar
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Ramesh Gannimani
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa.
| | - Thirumala Govender
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa.
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18
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Mi G, Shi D, Wang M, Webster TJ. Reducing Bacterial Infections and Biofilm Formation Using Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Antibacterial Surfaces. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1800103. [PMID: 29790304 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201800103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid spreading of resistance among common bacterial pathogens, bacterial infections, especially antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections, have drawn much attention worldwide. In light of this, nanoparticles, including metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, liposomes, polymersomes, and solid lipid nanoparticles, have been increasingly exploited as both efficient antimicrobials themselves or as delivery platforms to enhance the effectiveness of existing antibiotics. In addition to the emergence of widespread antibiotic resistance, of equal concern are implantable device-associated infections, which result from bacterial adhesion and subsequent biofilm formation at the site of implantation. The ineffectiveness of conventional antibiotics against these biofilms often leads to revision surgery, which is both debilitating to the patient and expensive. Toward this end, micro- and nanotopographies, especially those that resemble natural surfaces, and nonfouling chemistries represent a promising combination for long-term antibacterial activity. Collectively, the use of nanoparticles and nanostructured surfaces to combat bacterial growth and infections is a promising solution to the growing problem of antibiotic resistance and biofilm-related device infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gujie Mi
- Department of Chemical Engineering; 313 Snell Engineering Center; Northeastern University; 360 Huntington Avenue Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Di Shi
- Department of Chemical Engineering; 313 Snell Engineering Center; Northeastern University; 360 Huntington Avenue Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Mian Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering; 313 Snell Engineering Center; Northeastern University; 360 Huntington Avenue Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Thomas J. Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering; 313 Snell Engineering Center; Northeastern University; 360 Huntington Avenue Boston MA 02115 USA
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19
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Colino CI, Millán CG, Lanao JM. Nanoparticles for Signaling in Biodiagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1627. [PMID: 29857492 PMCID: PMC6032068 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in nanoparticle-based systems constitute a promising research area with important implications for the treatment of bacterial infections, especially against multidrug resistant strains and bacterial biofilms. Nanosystems may be useful for the diagnosis and treatment of viral and fungal infections. Commercial diagnostic tests based on nanosystems are currently available. Different methodologies based on nanoparticles (NPs) have been developed to detect specific agents or to distinguish between Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms. Also, biosensors based on nanoparticles have been applied in viral detection to improve available analytical techniques. Several point-of-care (POC) assays have been proposed that can offer results faster, easier and at lower cost than conventional techniques and can even be used in remote regions for viral diagnosis. Nanoparticles functionalized with specific molecules may modulate pharmacokinetic targeting recognition and increase anti-infective efficacy. Quorum sensing is a stimuli-response chemical communication process correlated with population density that bacteria use to regulate biofilm formation. Disabling it is an emerging approach for combating its pathogenicity. Natural or synthetic inhibitors may act as antibiofilm agents and be useful for treating multi-drug resistant bacteria. Nanostructured materials that interfere with signal molecules involved in biofilm growth have been developed for the control of infections associated with biofilm-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara I Colino
- Area of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
- The Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Carmen Gutiérrez Millán
- Area of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
- The Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - José M Lanao
- Area of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
- The Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
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20
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Treatment of Biofilm Communities: An Update on New Tools from the Nanosized World. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8060845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Alhariri M, Majrashi MA, Bahkali AH, Almajed FS, Azghani AO, Khiyami MA, Alyamani EJ, Aljohani SM, Halwani MA. Efficacy of neutral and negatively charged liposome-loaded gentamicin on planktonic bacteria and biofilm communities. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:6949-6961. [PMID: 29075113 PMCID: PMC5609801 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s141709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the efficacy of liposomal gentamicin formulations of different surface charges against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella oxytoca. The liposomal gentamicin formulations were prepared by the dehydration-rehydration method, and their sizes and zeta potential were measured. Gentamicin encapsulation efficiency inside the liposomal formulations was determined by microbiologic assay, and stability of the formulations in biologic fluid was evaluated for a period of 48 h. The minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum bactericidal concentration were determined, and the in vitro time kill studies of the free form of gentamicin and liposomal gentamicin formulations were performed. The activities of liposomal gentamicin in preventing and reducing biofilm-forming P. aeruginosa and K. oxytoca were compared to those of free antibiotic. The sizes of the liposomal formulations ranged from 625 to 806.6 nm in diameter, with the zeta potential ranging from -0.22 to -31.7 mV. Gentamicin encapsulation efficiency inside the liposomal formulation ranged from 1.8% to 43.6%. The liposomes retained >60% of their gentamicin content during the 48 h time period. The minimum inhibitory concentration of neutral formulation was lower than that of free gentamicin (0.25 versus 1 mg/L for P. aeruginosa and 0.5 versus 1 mg/L for K. oxytoca). The negatively charged formulation exhibited the same bacteriostatic concentration as that of free gentamicin. The minimum bactericidal concentration of neutral liposomes on planktonic bacterial culture was twofold lower than that of free gentamicin, whereas the negatively charged formulations were comparable to free gentamicin. The killing time curve values for the neutral negatively charged formulation against planktonic P. aeruginosa and K. oxytoca were better than those of free gentamicin. Furthermore, liposomal formulations prevent the biofilm-formation ability of these strains better than free gentamicin. In summary, liposomal formulations could be an effective lipid nanoparticle to combat acute infections where planktonic bacteria are predominant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moayad Alhariri
- Nanomedicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences
| | - Majed A Majrashi
- National Centre for Biotechnology, Life Sciences and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST)
| | - Ali H Bahkali
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University
| | - Faisal S Almajed
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali O Azghani
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA
| | - Mohammad A Khiyami
- National Centre for Biotechnology, Life Sciences and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST)
| | - Essam J Alyamani
- National Centre for Biotechnology, Life Sciences and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST)
| | - Sameera M Aljohani
- College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed A Halwani
- Nanomedicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences
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22
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Mahdiun F, Mansouri S, Khazaeli P, Mirzaei R. The effect of tobramycin incorporated with bismuth-ethanedithiol loaded on niosomes on the quorum sensing and biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Microb Pathog 2017; 107:129-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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23
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Lorenz A, Pawar V, Häussler S, Weiss S. Insights into host-pathogen interactions from state-of-the-art animal models of respiratory Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:3941-3959. [PMID: 27730639 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important opportunistic pathogen that can cause acute respiratory infections in immunocompetent patients or chronic infections in immunocompromised individuals and in patients with cystic fibrosis. When acquiring the chronic infection state, bacteria are encapsulated within biofilm structures enabling them to withstand diverse environmental assaults, including immune reactions and antimicrobial therapy. Understanding the molecular interactions within the bacteria, as well as with the host or other bacteria, is essential for developing innovative treatment strategies. Such knowledge might be accumulated in vitro. However, it is ultimately necessary to confirm these findings in vivo. In the present Review, we describe state-of-the-art in vivo models that allow studying P. aeruginosa infections in molecular detail. The portrayed mammalian models exclusively focus on respiratory infections. The data obtained by alternative animal models which lack lung tissue, often provide molecular insights that are easily transferable to mammals. Importantly, these surrogate in vivo systems reveal complex molecular interactions of P. aeruginosa with the host. Herein, we also provide a critical assessment of the advantages and disadvantages of such models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Lorenz
- Institute for Molecular Bacteriology, Center of Clinical and Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE GmbH, A Joint Venture of the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Germany
| | - Vinay Pawar
- Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,Department of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute of Immunology, Medical School Hannover, Germany
| | - Susanne Häussler
- Institute for Molecular Bacteriology, Center of Clinical and Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE GmbH, A Joint Venture of the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Germany.,Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Siegfried Weiss
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute of Immunology, Medical School Hannover, Germany
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24
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Ramasamy M, Lee J. Recent Nanotechnology Approaches for Prevention and Treatment of Biofilm-Associated Infections on Medical Devices. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:1851242. [PMID: 27872845 PMCID: PMC5107826 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1851242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial colonization in the form of biofilms on surfaces causes persistent infections and is an issue of considerable concern to healthcare providers. There is an urgent need for novel antimicrobial or antibiofilm surfaces and biomedical devices that provide protection against biofilm formation and planktonic pathogens, including antibiotic resistant strains. In this context, recent developments in the material science and engineering fields and steady progress in the nanotechnology field have created opportunities to design new biomaterials and surfaces with anti-infective, antifouling, bactericidal, and antibiofilm properties. Here we review a number of the recently developed nanotechnology-based biomaterials and explain underlying strategies used to make antibiofilm surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jintae Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
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25
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Wenzler E, Fraidenburg DR, Scardina T, Danziger LH. Inhaled Antibiotics for Gram-Negative Respiratory Infections. Clin Microbiol Rev 2016; 29:581-632. [PMID: 27226088 PMCID: PMC4978611 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00101-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gram-negative organisms comprise a large portion of the pathogens responsible for lower respiratory tract infections, especially those that are nosocomially acquired, and the rate of antibiotic resistance among these organisms continues to rise. Systemically administered antibiotics used to treat these infections often have poor penetration into the lung parenchyma and narrow therapeutic windows between efficacy and toxicity. The use of inhaled antibiotics allows for maximization of target site concentrations and optimization of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic indices while minimizing systemic exposure and toxicity. This review is a comprehensive discussion of formulation and drug delivery aspects, in vitro and microbiological considerations, pharmacokinetics, and clinical outcomes with inhaled antibiotics as they apply to disease states other than cystic fibrosis. In reviewing the literature surrounding the use of inhaled antibiotics, we also highlight the complexities related to this route of administration and the shortcomings in the available evidence. The lack of novel anti-Gram-negative antibiotics in the developmental pipeline will encourage the innovative use of our existing agents, and the inhaled route is one that deserves to be further studied and adopted in the clinical arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Wenzler
- University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Pharmacy, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Dustin R Fraidenburg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Tonya Scardina
- Loyola University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Larry H Danziger
- University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Pharmacy, Chicago, Illinois, USA University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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26
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Current Trends in Development of Liposomes for Targeting Bacterial Biofilms. Pharmaceutics 2016; 8:pharmaceutics8020018. [PMID: 27231933 PMCID: PMC4932481 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics8020018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm targeting represents a great challenge for effective antimicrobial therapy. Increased biofilm resistance, even with the elevated concentrations of very potent antimicrobial agents, often leads to failed therapeutic outcome. Application of biocompatible nanomicrobials, particularly liposomally-associated nanomicrobials, presents a promising approach for improved drug delivery to bacterial cells and biofilms. Versatile manipulations of liposomal physicochemical properties, such as the bilayer composition, membrane fluidity, size, surface charge and coating, enable development of liposomes with desired pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles. This review attempts to provide an unbiased overview of investigations of liposomes destined to treat bacterial biofilms. Different strategies including the recent advancements in liposomal design aiming at eradication of existing biofilms and prevention of biofilm formation, as well as respective limitations, are discussed in more details.
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27
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Moreno-Sastre M, Pastor M, Salomon CJ, Esquisabel A, Pedraz JL. Pulmonary drug delivery: a review on nanocarriers for antibacterial chemotherapy. J Antimicrob Chemother 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkv192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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28
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Solleti VS, Alhariri M, Halwani M, Omri A. Antimicrobial properties of liposomal azithromycin for Pseudomonas infections in cystic fibrosis patients. J Antimicrob Chemother 2014; 70:784-96. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dku452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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29
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Gao W, Thamphiwatana S, Angsantikul P, Zhang L. Nanoparticle approaches against bacterial infections. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 6:532-47. [PMID: 25044325 PMCID: PMC4197093 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite the wide success of antibiotics, the treatment of bacterial infections still faces significant challenges, particularly the emergence of antibiotic resistance. As a result, nanoparticle drug delivery platforms including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, and various inorganic nanoparticles have been increasingly exploited to enhance the therapeutic effectiveness of existing antibiotics. This review focuses on areas where nanoparticle approaches hold significant potential to advance the treatment of bacterial infections. These areas include targeted antibiotic delivery, environmentally responsive antibiotic delivery, combinatorial antibiotic delivery, nanoparticle-enabled antibacterial vaccination, and nanoparticle-based bacterial detection. In each area we highlight the innovative antimicrobial nanoparticle platforms and review their progress made against bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Gao
- Department of NanoEngineering and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Soracha Thamphiwatana
- Department of NanoEngineering and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Pavimol Angsantikul
- Department of NanoEngineering and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Liangfang Zhang
- Department of NanoEngineering and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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30
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Liposomal antibiotic formulations for targeting the lungs in the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Ther Deliv 2014; 5:409-27. [PMID: 24856168 DOI: 10.4155/tde.14.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes serious lung infections in cystic fibrosis, non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis, immunocompromised, and mechanically ventilated patients. The arsenal of conventional antipseudomonal antibiotic drugs include the extended-spectrum penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, monobactams, polymyxins, fluoroquinolones, and aminoglycosides but their toxicity and/or increasing antibiotic resistance are of particular concern. Improvement of existing therapies against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections involves the use of liposomes - artificial phospholipid vesicles that are biocompatible, biodegradable, and nontoxic and able to entrap and carry hydrophilic, hydrophobic, and amphiphilic molecules to the site of action. The goal of developing liposomal antibiotic formulations is to improve their therapeutic efficacy by reducing drug toxicity and/or by enhancing the delivery and retention of antibiotics at the site of infection. The focus of this review is to appraise the current progress of the development and application of liposomal antibiotic delivery systems for the treatment pulmonary infections caused by P. aeruginosa.
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31
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Forier K, Raemdonck K, De Smedt SC, Demeester J, Coenye T, Braeckmans K. Lipid and polymer nanoparticles for drug delivery to bacterial biofilms. J Control Release 2014; 190:607-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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32
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Rubin BK, Williams RW. Aerosolized Antibiotics for Non-Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis. Respiration 2014; 88:177-84. [DOI: 10.1159/000366000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Abed N, Couvreur P. Nanocarriers for antibiotics: a promising solution to treat intracellular bacterial infections. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2014; 43:485-96. [PMID: 24721232 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In the field of antibiotherapy, intracellular infections remain difficult to eradicate mainly due to the poor intracellular penetration of most of the commonly used antibiotics. Bacteria have quickly understood that their intracellular localisation allows them to be protected from the host immune system, but also from the action of antimicrobial agents. In addition, in most cases pathogens nestle in professional phagocytic cells, and can even use them as a 'Trojan horse' to induce a secondary site of infection thereby causing persistent or recurrent infections. Thus, new strategies had to be considered in order to counteract these problems. Amongst them, nanocarriers loaded with antibiotics represent a promising approach. Nowadays, it is possible to encapsulate, incorporate or even conjugate biologically active molecules into different families of nanocarriers such as liposomes or nanoparticles in order to deliver antibiotics intracellularly and hence to treat infections. This review gives an overview of the variety of nanocarriers developed to deliver antibiotics directly into infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Abed
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Institut Galien UMR CNRS 8612, Université Paris-Sud XI, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
| | - Patrick Couvreur
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Institut Galien UMR CNRS 8612, Université Paris-Sud XI, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France.
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Hadinoto K, Cheow WS. Nano-antibiotics in chronic lung infection therapy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 116:772-85. [PMID: 24656614 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic encapsulation into nanoparticle carriers has emerged as a promising inhaled antibiotic formulation for treatment of chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection prevalent in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. Attributed to their prolonged lung retention, sustained antibiotic release, and mucus penetrating ability, antibiotic nanoparticles, or nano-antibiotics in short, can address the principal weakness of inhaled antibiotic solution, i.e. low antibiotic exposure in the vicinity of P. aeruginosa biofilm colonies resulting in diminished anti-pseudomonal efficacy after repeated uses. This review details the current state of development and limitations of the two most widely studied forms of nano-antibiotics, i.e. liposomes and polymer nanoparticles. Factors in their formulation that influence the anti-pseudomonal efficacy in vitro and in vivo, such as liposome's membrane rigidity, surface charge, size, and polymer hydrophobicity, are discussed. This review reveals that the superior anti-pseudomonal efficacy of liposomal antibiotics to free antibiotics has been clearly established when they are correctly formulated, with several liposomal antibiotic formulations are currently undergoing clinical trials. Liposomal antibiotics, nevertheless, are not without limitation due to their weak physicochemical stability. In contrast, only mucus penetrating ability of the more stable polymeric nano-antibiotics has been established, while their anti-pseudomonal efficacy has only been examined in vitro from which their superiority to free antibiotics has not been ascertained. Lastly, future research needs to bring liposome and polymer-based nano-antibiotics closer to their clinical realization are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunn Hadinoto
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore.
| | - Wean Sin Cheow
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore
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Alhariri M, Azghani A, Omri A. Liposomal antibiotics for the treatment of infectious diseases. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2013; 10:1515-32. [PMID: 23886421 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2013.822860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Liposomal delivery systems have been utilized in developing effective therapeutics against cancer and targeting microorganisms in and out of host cells and within biofilm community. The most attractive feature of liposome-based drugs are enhancing therapeutic index of the new or existing drugs while minimizing their adverse effects. AREAS COVERED This communication provides an overview on several aspects of liposomal antibiotics including the most widely used preparation techniques for encapsulating different agents and the most important characteristic parameters applied for examining shape, size and stability of the spherical vesicles. In addition, the routes of administration, liposome-cell interactions and host parameters affecting the biodistribution of liposomes are highlighted. EXPERT OPINION Liposomes are safe and suitable for delivery of variety of molecules and drugs in biomedical research and medicine. They are known to improve the therapeutic index of encapsulated agents and reduce drug toxicity. Recent studies on liposomal formulation of chemotherapeutic and bioactive agents and their targeted delivery show liposomal antibiotics potential in the treatment of microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moayad Alhariri
- Laurentian University, The Novel Drug & Vaccine Delivery Systems Facility, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6 , Canada +1 705 675 1151 ext. 2190 ; +1 705675 4844 ;
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Collie D, Govan J, Wright S, Thornton E, Tennant P, Smith S, Doherty C, McLachlan G. A lung segmental model of chronic Pseudomonas infection in sheep. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67677. [PMID: 23874438 PMCID: PMC3706528 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic lung infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major contributor to morbidity, mortality and premature death in cystic fibrosis. A new paradigm for managing such infections is needed, as are relevant and translatable animal models to identify and test concepts. We sought to improve on limitations associated with existing models of infection in small animals through developing a lung segmental model of chronic Pseudomonas infection in sheep. Methodology/Principal Findings Using local lung instillation of P. aeruginosa suspended in agar beads we were able to demonstrate that such infection led to the development of a suppurative, necrotising and pyogranulomatous pneumonia centred on the instilled beads. No overt evidence of organ or systemic compromise was apparent in any animal during the course of infection. Infection persisted in the lungs of individual animals for as long as 66 days after initial instillation. Quantitative microbiology applied to bronchoalveolar lavage fluid derived from infected segments proved an insensitive index of the presence of significant infection in lung tissue (>104 cfu/g). Conclusions/Significance The agar bead model of chronic P. aeruginosa lung infection in sheep is a relevant platform to investigate both the pathobiology of such infections as well as novel approaches to their diagnosis and therapy. Particular ethical benefits relate to the model in terms of refining existing approaches by compromising a smaller proportion of the lung with infection and facilitating longitudinal assessment by bronchoscopy, and also potentially reducing animal numbers through facilitating within-animal comparisons of differential therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Collie
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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Lebeaux D, Chauhan A, Rendueles O, Beloin C. From in vitro to in vivo Models of Bacterial Biofilm-Related Infections. Pathogens 2013; 2:288-356. [PMID: 25437038 PMCID: PMC4235718 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens2020288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of microorganisms growing as sessile communities in a large number of human infections has been extensively studied and recognized for 30–40 years, therefore warranting intense scientific and medical research. Nonetheless, mimicking the biofilm-life style of bacteria and biofilm-related infections has been an arduous task. Models used to study biofilms range from simple in vitro to complex in vivo models of tissues or device-related infections. These different models have progressively contributed to the current knowledge of biofilm physiology within the host context. While far from a complete understanding of the multiple elements controlling the dynamic interactions between the host and biofilms, we are nowadays witnessing the emergence of promising preventive or curative strategies to fight biofilm-related infections. This review undertakes a comprehensive analysis of the literature from a historic perspective commenting on the contribution of the different models and discussing future venues and new approaches that can be merged with more traditional techniques in order to model biofilm-infections and efficiently fight them.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lebeaux
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Génétique des Biofilms, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France.
| | - Ashwini Chauhan
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Génétique des Biofilms, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France.
| | - Olaya Rendueles
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Génétique des Biofilms, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France.
| | - Christophe Beloin
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Génétique des Biofilms, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France.
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