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Kalwa U, Park Y, Kimber MJ, Pandey S. An automated, high-resolution phenotypic assay for adult Brugia malayi and microfilaria. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13176. [PMID: 38849355 PMCID: PMC11161659 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62692-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Brugia malayi are thread-like parasitic worms and one of the etiological agents of Lymphatic filariasis (LF). Existing anthelmintic drugs to treat LF are effective in reducing the larval microfilaria (mf) counts in human bloodstream but are less effective on adult parasites. To test potential drug candidates, we report a multi-parameter phenotypic assay based on tracking the motility of adult B. malayi and mf in vitro. For adult B. malayi, motility is characterized by the centroid velocity, path curvature, angular velocity, eccentricity, extent, and Euler Number. These parameters are evaluated in experiments with three anthelmintic drugs. For B. malayi mf, motility is extracted from the evolving body skeleton to yield positional data and bending angles at 74 key point. We achieved high-fidelity tracking of complex worm postures (self-occlusions, omega turns, body bending, and reversals) while providing a visual representation of pose estimates and behavioral attributes in both space and time scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upender Kalwa
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Yunsoo Park
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Michael J Kimber
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Santosh Pandey
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
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2
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Wu Y, Adeniyi-Ipadeola G, Adkins-Threats M, Seasock M, Suarez-Reyes C, Fujiwara R, Bottazzi ME, Song L, Mills JC, Weatherhead JE. Host gastric corpus microenvironment facilitates Ascaris suum larval hatching and infection in a murine model. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0011930. [PMID: 38324590 PMCID: PMC10878500 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Ascariasis (roundworm) is the most common parasitic helminth infection globally and can lead to significant morbidity in children including chronic lung disease. Children become infected with Ascaris spp. via oral ingestion of eggs. It has long been assumed that Ascaris egg hatching and larval translocation across the gastrointestinal mucosa to initiate infection occurs in the small intestine. Here, we show that A. suum larvae hatched in the host stomach in a murine model. Larvae utilize acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase; acid chitinase; Chia) from chief cells and acid pumped by parietal cells to emerge from eggs on the surface of gastric epithelium. Furthermore, antagonizing AMCase and gastric acid in the stomach decreases parasitic burden in the liver and lungs and attenuates lung disease. Given Ascaris eggs are chitin-coated, the gastric corpus would logically be the most likely organ for egg hatching, though this is the first study directly evincing the essential role of the host gastric corpus microenvironment. These findings point towards potential novel mechanisms for therapeutic targets to prevent ascariasis and identify a new biomedical significance of AMCase in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Grace Adeniyi-Ipadeola
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Mahliyah Adkins-Threats
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Departments of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Matthew Seasock
- Department of Medicine, Immunology, Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Charlie Suarez-Reyes
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ricardo Fujiwara
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maria Elena Bottazzi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lizhen Song
- Department of Medicine, Immunology, Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jason C. Mills
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Departments of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jill E. Weatherhead
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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3
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Elgendy DI, Elmahy RA, Amer AIM, Ibrahim HA, Eltantawy AF, Mansour FR, Salama AM. Efficacy of artemether against toxocariasis in mice: parasitological and immunopathological changes in brain, liver, and lung. Pathog Glob Health 2024; 118:47-64. [PMID: 37978995 PMCID: PMC10769145 DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2023.2285182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxocariasis is a zoonosis that represents a serious threat to public health particularly in tropical and subtropical areas. Currently, albendazole, the most effective drug for treating visceral toxocariasis, shows moderate efficacy against the larvae in tissues and has some adverse effects. Artemether is an antiparasitic drug mainly used in the treatment of malaria and showed effectiveness against numerous helminthic infections. Besides, it possesses potent anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, antifibrotic, and neuroprotective properties. Thus, the study's aim was to investigate artemether's effects in comparison with albendazole on the therapeutic outcome of experimental toxocariasis. For this aim, 140 laboratory-bred mice were divided into four main groups: uninfected control, treatment control, albendazole-treated, and artemether-treated groups. The treatment regimens were started at the 15th dpi (early treatment), and at the 35th dpi (late treatment). The effectiveness of treatment was determined by brain larval count, histopathological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical examination. Artemether showed more effectiveness than albendazole in reducing brain larval counts, markers of brain injury including NF-κB, GFAP, and caspase-3, the diameter and number of hepatic granulomas, hepatic oxidative stress, hepatic IL-6, and TG2 mRNA, and pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis. The efficacy of artemether was the same when administered early or late in the infection. Finally, our findings illustrated that artemether might be a promising therapy for T. canis infection and it could be a good substitution for albendazole in toxocariasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina I. Elgendy
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Rasha A. Elmahy
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | - Hoda A. Ibrahim
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Fawzy Eltantawy
- Medical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Fotouh Rashed Mansour
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Amina M. Salama
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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4
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Salama AM, Elmahy RA, Ibrahim HA, Amer AIM, Eltantawy AF, Elgendy DI. Effects of metformin on parasitological, pathological changes in the brain and liver and immunological aspects during visceral toxocariasis in mice. Parasitol Res 2023; 122:3213-3231. [PMID: 37874393 PMCID: PMC10667394 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-08011-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
There are currently insufficient anthelmintic medications available for the treatment of toxocariasis. For instance, Albendazole (ABZ) is the preferred medication, but its effectiveness against tissue-dwelling parasites is limited. In addition, Metformin (MTF) is a widely used oral antidiabetic medication that is considered to be safe for treatment. This study aimed to investigate any potential effects of MTF, alone or in combination with ABZ, on mice infections caused by Toxocara canis (T. canis). The efficacy of the treatment was assessed in the acute and chronic phases of the infection by larval recovery and histopathological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical studies. The results showed that combined therapy significantly reduced larval counts in the liver, brain, and muscles and ameliorated hepatic and brain pathology. It reduced oxidative stress and TGF-β mRNA expression and increased FGF21 levels in the liver. It decreased TNF-α levels and MMP-9 expression in the brain. In addition, it increased serum levels of IL-12 and IFN-γ and decreased serum levels of IL-4 and IL-10. In the acute and chronic phases of the infection, the combined treatment was more effective than ABZ alone. In conclusion, this study highlights the potential role of MTF as an adjuvant in the treatment of experimental T. canis infection when administered with ABZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina M Salama
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Rasha A Elmahy
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Hoda A Ibrahim
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | - Asmaa Fawzy Eltantawy
- Medical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Dina I Elgendy
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
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5
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Qiao W, Zhang P, Jiang N, Zhang S, Bai H, Xie L, Sun L, Wang X. Albumin nanostructure assisted ABZ anti-parasite immune therapy for T. spiralis muscle infection. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 150:213434. [PMID: 37087912 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the treatment of Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis) intracellular infection by oral administration of albendazole (ABZ) is hampered by its poor aqueous solubility and rapid metabolism. Herein, the nanoparticles with BSA and ABZ (ABZ-BSA Nps) were constructed by a desolvation technique in the study. The anti-parasite activity and pharmacokinetics of ABZ-BSA Nps were evaluated for T. spiralis muscle larvae during the encysted phase. The immune-responsive cytokines of ABZ-BSA Nps were quantitatively analyzed. The results showed that ABZ-BSA Nps could eliminate the muscle larvae by triggering the unbalance of Th1/Th2 immune-response in the infection mice. For ABZ-BSA Nps treatment group, the plasma concentration of ABZSO (ABZ active metabolite) was higher than ABZ and the muscle larvae were reduced by 70.2 %. In conclusion, the study had constructed a successful prospective protein nanoparticle delivery ABZ and evidenced the ABZ could be used for intracellular parasite therapy by triggering the anti-parasite immunity of hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Qiao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Peng Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China; Electron Microscope Center, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Ning Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Shuyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Huifang Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Lingfeng Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Lin Sun
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China.
| | - Xuelin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China.
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6
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Liu L, Nie J, Li L. Phospholipid Complexation for Bioavailability Improvement of Albendazole: Preparation, Characterization and In Vivo Evaluation. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:36. [PMID: 36635447 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02497-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to improve the poor solubility of albendazole (ABZ) by means of phospholipid complexation, hence to improve its oral bioavailability. The solvent-evaporation method for ABZ-phospholipid complex (ABZ-PC) preparation was established for the first time. And a systematic optimization of preparation conditions of ABZ-PC was performed. Physicochemical studies of ABZ-PC were performed with FTIR, DSC, and XRD measurements to confirm the formation of the ABZ-PC and reveal the interaction mechanism between ABZ and phospholipid molecules. Solubility determination and morphological characterization were applied to verify the solubility improvement of prepared ABZ-PC. Moreover, the pharmacokinetic performance of ABZ-PC was further evaluated in vivo compared with raw materials of ABZ. Under optimal preparation conditions, the AE of ABZ-PC could be approximately 100%. Physicochemical studies indicated that the P = O group in the phospholipid molecule would interact with the N-H group in the ABZ molecule through hydrogen bonds and ABZ was dispersed in an amorphous state after being prepared into ABZ-PC. The aqueous solubility of ABZ-PC in deionized water (pH7.0) improved by 30-folds than free ABZ, and the AUC0-t of ABZ-PC was significantly increased by 2.32 times in comparison with raw materials of ABZ through oral administration. The current study developed an effective method for the phospholipid complexation of ABZ. With significantly improved solubility in an aqueous environment, the prepared ABZ-PC exhibited improved oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetic characteristics indicating it could be potentially applied in the oral drug delivery of ABZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyao Liu
- College of Basic Science, Tianjin Agriculture University, Tianjin, 300392, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinju Nie
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine & Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia Medica, Yantai, Shandong, 264000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Letao Li
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus University Medical Center, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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7
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Factors associated with variation in single-dose albendazole pharmacokinetics: A systematic review and modelling analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010497. [DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Albendazole is an orally administered anti-parasitic medication with widespread usage in a variety of both programmatic and clinical contexts. Previous work has shown that the drug’s pharmacologically active metabolite, albendazole sulfoxide, is characterised by substantial inter-individual pharmacokinetic variation. This variation might have implications for the efficacy of albendazole treatment, but current understanding of the factors associated with this variation remains incomplete.
Methodology/Principal findings
We carried out a systematic review to identify references containing temporally disaggregated data on the plasma concentration of albendazole and/or (its pharmacologically-active metabolite) albendazole sulfoxide following a single oral dose. These data were then integrated into a mathematical modelling framework to infer albendazole sulfoxide pharmacokinetic parameters and relate them to characteristics of the groups being treated. These characteristics included age, weight, sex, dosage, infection status, and whether patients had received a fatty meal prior to treatment or other drugs alongside albendazole. Our results highlight a number of factors systematically associated with albendazole sulfoxide pharmacokinetic variation including age, existing parasitic infection and receipt of a fatty meal. Age was significantly associated with variation in albendazole sulfoxide systemic availability and peak plasma concentration achieved; as well as the clearance rate (related to the half-life) after adjusting for variation in dosage due to differences in body weight between children and adults. Receipt of a fatty meal prior to treatment was associated with increased albendazole sulfoxide systemic availability (and by extension, peak plasma concentration and total albendazole sulfoxide exposure following the dose). Parasitic infection (particularly echinococcosis) was associated with altered pharmacokinetic parameters, with infected populations displaying distinct characteristics to uninfected ones.
Conclusions/Significance
These results highlight the extensive inter-individual variation that characterises albendazole sulfoxide pharmacokinetics and provide insight into some of the factors associated with this variation.
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8
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Eriksen JB, Christensen SB, Bauer-Brandl A, Brandl M. Dissolution/Permeation of Albendazole in the Presence of Cyclodextrin and Bile Salts: A Mechanistic In-Vitro Study into Factors Governing Oral Bioavailability. J Pharm Sci 2021; 111:1667-1673. [PMID: 34808218 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to understand the impact of the interplay between bile salts and cyclodextrins on the dissolution-permeation of poorly soluble drug compounds with a moderate-strong binding constant to cyclodextrin. Phase diagrams were prepared on the chosen model compound albendazole in phosphate buffer, fasted state simulated intestinal fluid (FaSSIF), and a modified fed state simulated intestinal fluid (FeSSIFmod) with (2-hydroxypropyl)-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) concentrations of up to 10 % (m/m). Then we investigated the dissolution/permeation interplay of albendazole dissolved/suspended in the different media through a biomimetic barrier on a 96-well in vitro model. The apparent solubility of albendazole was enhanced by HP-β-CD and FaSSIF/FeSSIFmod separately. However, when albendazole was dissolved in HP-β-CD and biomimetic media together, the solubility was significantly lower than the predicted additive solubility from the solubilizing effects. It is postulated that this is due to the sodium taurocholate from the biomimetic media displacing albendazole from the hydrophobic cavity of HP-β-CD. In the permeation experiments, the highest permeation was observed at cyclodextrin concentrations able to solubilize close to the total dose of albendazole without a major surplus of solubilization capacity. Furthermore, an over-proportional permeation enhancement was observed when both, cyclodextrin and biomimetic media were present. These results indicate that the interplay between bile salts and cyclodextrins can enhance the free (molecularly dissolved) fraction of drug in solution to a greater extent than could be obtained with one of the solubilizing components alone. In conclusion, at carefully selected cyclodextrin-concentrations in combination with biomimetic media, obviously, a transient supersaturation is induced, which is made responsible for the observed major permeation enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Annette Bauer-Brandl
- Department of Physics Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Martin Brandl
- Department of Physics Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark.
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Purohit TJ, Hanning SM, Amirapu S, Wu Z. Rectal bioavailability of amoxicillin sodium in rabbits: Effects of suppository base and drug dose. J Control Release 2021; 338:858-869. [PMID: 34534590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, rectal absorption and tissue tolerance of amoxicillin sodium (AS) suppositories prepared in a hydrophilic base, polyethylene glycol (PEG) or lipophilic base, Suppocire® NA 15 (SNA 15), were investigated. Following in vitro characterization, including drug distribution in the suppository bases, drug-base interactions and drug release, pharmacokinetics were investigated in rabbits to determine absolute bioavailability (F) at two dose levels (100 mg and 200 mg). Both types of suppositories were found uniform in weight and content. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry indicated that AS existed as solid dispersion or anhydrous crystalline dispersion in both suppositories at different ratios without changing melting points of the bases. This was supported by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy conjugated with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM/EDX). In dissolution medium, melting and spreading of SNA 15 and dissolution of PEG suppositories accounted for their different drug release kinetics and mean dissolution time (MDT). A rapid and complete amoxicillin absorption (F close to 100%) with a double peak pharmacokinetic profile was observed alongside minimal signs of tissue irritation in rabbits treated with SNA 15 suppositories at both dose levels. In contrast, the F of amoxicillin from PEG suppositories was 59%, increasing to 77.3% as AS dose doubled from 100 mg to 200 mg, reflected in the slower release predominately controlled by erosion of the base. An in vitro - in vivo correlation was observed (MDT vs F; p < 0.01). AS was stable in SNA 15 suppositories at least for three months at 20 ± 0.2 °C. This research highlighted the advantages of SNA 15 suppositories over the PEG suppositories in providing rapid and complete rectal absorption of AS and tissue compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trusha J Purohit
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sara M Hanning
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Satya Amirapu
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Zimei Wu
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Sutar Y, Fulton SR, Paul S, Altamirano S, Mhatre S, Saeed H, Patel P, Mallick S, Bhat R, Patravale VB, Chauhan H, Nielsen K, Date AA. Docusate-Based Ionic Liquids of Anthelmintic Benzimidazoles Show Improved Pharmaceutical Processability, Lipid Solubility, and in Vitro Activity against Cryptococcus neoformans. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:2637-2649. [PMID: 34467755 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As the existing therapeutic modalities for the treatment of cryptococcal meningitis (CM) have suboptimal efficacy, repurposing existing drugs for the treatment of CM is of great interest. The FDA-approved anthelmintic benzimidazoles, albendazole, mebendazole, and flubendazole, have demonstrated potent but variable in vitro activity against Cryptococcus neoformans, the predominant fungal species responsible for CM. We performed molecular docking studies to ascertain the interaction of albendazole, mebendazole, and flubendazole with a C. neoformans β-tubulin structure, which revealed differential binding interactions and explained the different in vitro efficacies reported previously and observed in this investigation. Despite their promising in vitro efficacy, the repurposing of anthelmintic benzimidazoles for oral CM therapy is significantly hampered due to their high crystallinity, poor pharmaceutical processability, low and pH-dependent solubility, and drug precipitation upon entering the intestine, all of which result in low and variable oral bioavailability. Here, we demonstrate that the anthelmintic benzimidazoles can be transformed into partially amorphous low-melting ionic liquids (ILs) with a simple metathesis reaction using amphiphilic sodium docusate as a counterion. In vitro efficacy studies on a laboratory reference and a clinical isolate of C. neoformans showed 2- to 4-fold lower IC90 values for docusate-based ILs compared to the pure anthelmintic benzimidazoles. Furthermore, using a C. neoformans strain with green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged β-tubulin and albendazole and its docusate IL as model candidates, we showed that the benzimidazoles and their ILs reduce the viability of C. neoformans by interfering with its microtubule assembly. Unlike pure anthelmintic benzimidazoles, the docusate-based ILs showed excellent solubility in organic solvents and >30-fold higher solubility in bioavailability-enhancing lipid vehicles. Finally, the docusate ILs were successfully incorporated into SoluPlus, a self-assembling biodegradable polymer, which upon dilution with water formed polymeric micelles with a size of <100 nm. Thus, the development of docusate-based ILs represents an effective approach to improve the physicochemical properties and potency of anthelmintic benzimidazoles to facilitate their repurposing and preclinical development for CM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Sutar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai’i at Hilo, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, United States
| | - Sophie R. Fulton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Sagarkumar Paul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Creighton University School of Pharmacy and Health Profession, 2200 California Plaza, Omaha, Nebraska 68710, United States
| | - Sophie Altamirano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Susmit Mhatre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, N.P Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400011, India
| | - Hiwa Saeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai’i at Hilo, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, United States
| | - Pratikkumar Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai’i at Hilo, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, United States
| | - Sudipta Mallick
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai’i at Hilo, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, United States
| | - Roopal Bhat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai’i at Hilo, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shree Chanakya Education Society’s Indira College of Pharmacy, Tathawade, Pune, Maharashtra 411033, India
| | - Vandana B. Patravale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, N.P Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400011, India
| | - Harsh Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Creighton University School of Pharmacy and Health Profession, 2200 California Plaza, Omaha, Nebraska 68710, United States
| | - Kirsten Nielsen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Abhijit A. Date
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai’i at Hilo, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, United States
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, United States
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Ochoa D, Saiz-Rodríguez M, González-Rojano E, Román M, Sánchez-Rojas S, Wojnicz A, Ruiz-Nuño A, García-Arieta A, Abad-Santos F. High-Fat Breakfast Increases Bioavailability of Albendazole Compared to Low-Fat Breakfast: Single-Dose Study in Healthy Subjects. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:664465. [PMID: 33935787 PMCID: PMC8082448 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.664465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Albendazole is a benzimidazole carbamate drug with anthelmintic and antiprotozoal activity against intestinal and tissue parasites. It has been described that the administration with meals increases albendazole absorption. Our aim was to compare the systemic exposure in healthy volunteers of two albendazole formulations after a single oral dose under fed conditions and to evaluate the effect of breakfast composition on albendazole and albendazole sulfoxide bioavailability. Methods: 12 healthy volunteers were included in a 4-period, 4-sequence, crossover, open, randomized, bioequivalence clinical trial, including two stages to compare two formulations of albendazole. Single oral doses of 400 mg albendazole were administered under fed conditions (a low-fat breakfast in first stage and a high-fat breakfast in the second) separated by 7-day washout periods. Plasma albendazole and albendazole sulfoxide concentrations were measured by HPLC-MS/MS. Findings: Albendazole absorption was clearly influenced by the meal composition. A high-fat breakfast increased albendazole and albendazole sulfoxide area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) and maximum concentration (Cmax) by double, compared to a low-fat breakfast. The bioavailability of the two formulations was very similar, although the sample size was not sufficient to demonstrate bioequivalence because the intraindividual variability of albendazole was approximately 60%. Implications: The higher albendazole and albendazole sulfoxide levels when administered with a high-fat meal could be of importance in clinical practice. Since albendazole labeling recommends its administration with meals, it is necessary to insist on taking it with a fatty meal so that the effectiveness of albendazole is not compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Ochoa
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain
- UICEC Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Plataforma SCReN (Spanish Clinical Reseach Network), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miriam Saiz-Rodríguez
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain
- Research Unit, Fundación Burgos por La Investigación de La Salud, Hospital Universitario de Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Esperanza González-Rojano
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Román
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain
- UICEC Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Plataforma SCReN (Spanish Clinical Reseach Network), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Sánchez-Rojas
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Aneta Wojnicz
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Ruiz-Nuño
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfredo García-Arieta
- Service on Pharmacokinetics and Generics, Division of Pharmacology and Clinical Evaluation, Department of Human Use Medicines, Spanish Agency for Medicines and Health Care Products, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Abad-Santos
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain
- UICEC Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Plataforma SCReN (Spanish Clinical Reseach Network), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain
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12
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In vitro-in vivo correlation in the effect of cyclodextrin on oral absorption of poorly soluble drugs. Int J Pharm 2021; 600:120494. [PMID: 33744446 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study the concentration effect of 2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-βCyD) on oral drug absorption of the BCS class II drugs Danazol (DNZ) and Albendazole (ABZ) was evaluated. In vitro permeation of solutions and suspension systems was compared with their in vivo intestinal absorption in rats and their in vitro-in vivo correlation assessed. In solutions excess amounts of HP-βCyD decreased both in vitro permeation and in vivo absorption due to the decrease in free drug concentration, as expected. However, in suspension systems the contribution of HP-βCyD by drug complexation was found to be altered by further rate limiting steps for membrane permeation and intestinal absorption of each drug. In vitro permeation of DNZ was rate-limited by the diffusion into the unstirred water layer (UWL), while that of ABZ was rate-limited by the permeation across the lipid membrane. For the in vivo intestinal absorption, both drugs were rate-limited by the dissolution rate from undissolved drug. These differences in the rate-limiting process were considered to cause discrepancies in the result of in vitro and in vivo assays. In conclusion, it is quite important to understand the rate limiting process of oral absorption of the target drug for designing oral liquid formulations containing cyclodextrins.
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13
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Will Castro LSEP, Pieters W, Alemdehy MF, Aslam MA, Buoninfante OA, Raaijmakers JA, Pilzecker B, van den Berk PCM, Te Riele H, Medema RH, Pedrosa RC, Jacobs H. The Widely Used Antihelmintic Drug Albendazole is a Potent Inducer of Loss of Heterozygosity. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:596535. [PMID: 33679394 PMCID: PMC7935534 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.596535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The antihelmintic drug ABZ and its metabolites belong to the chemical family of benzimidazoles (BZM) that act as potent tubulin polymerization inhibitors, suggesting a potential re-direction of BZMs for cancer therapy. Applying UV-Vis spectrometry we here demonstrate ABZ as a DNA intercalator. This insight led us to determine the primary mode of ABZ action in mammalian cells. As revealed by RNA sequencing, ABZ did neither grossly affect replication as analyzed by survival and replication stress signaling, nor the transcriptome. Actually, unbiased transcriptome analysis revealed a marked cell cycle signature in ABZ exposed cells. Indeed, short-term exposure to ABZ arrested mammalian cells in G2/M cell cycle stages associated with frequent gains and losses of chromatin. Cellular analyses revealed ABZ as a potent mammalian spindle poison for normal and malignant cells, explaining the serious chromosome segregation defects. Since chromosomal aberrations promote both cancer development and cell death, we determined if besides its general cytotoxicity, ABZ could predispose to tumor development. As measured by loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in vitro and in vivo ABZ was found as a potent inducer of LOH and accelerator of chromosomal missegregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza S E P Will Castro
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Wietske Pieters
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mir Farshid Alemdehy
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Muhammad A Aslam
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | | | - Jonne A Raaijmakers
- Division of Cell Biology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bas Pilzecker
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Paul C M van den Berk
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hein Te Riele
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - René H Medema
- Division of Cell Biology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rozangela C Pedrosa
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Heinz Jacobs
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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14
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Successful Resolution of Recurrent Vaginal Pinworm Infection With Intermittent Albendazole Administration. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2020; 39:254-255. [PMID: 32032311 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000002546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We describe the case of a 7-year-old girl with repeated vaginal Enterobius vermicularis infection, never detected as a digestive tract infection. Two-dose pyrantel pamoate or 2-dose albendazole could not suppress recurrence. Finally, 3-dose albendazole after 2-week intervals was successful in preventing relapse.
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15
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Eid RK, Ashour DS, Essa EA, El Maghraby GM, Arafa MF. Chitosan coated nanostructured lipid carriers for enhanced in vivo efficacy of albendazole against Trichinella spiralis. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 232:115826. [PMID: 31952620 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The study investigated chitosan coated nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) for oral delivery of albendazole in treatment of trichinellosis. NLCs comprised precirol and oleic acid with Tween and Span 80. Dicetylphosphate was used as charging agent to allow chitosan coating. Trichinella spiralis infected mice were used and albendazole suspension, coated or uncoated NLCs were orally administered at different stages of infection. NLCs were spherical with size of 188 and 200 nm for coated and uncoated NLC, respectively. Treatment during intestinal phase reduced worm count with NLCs showing better rank. This was reflected further by reduced larvae count and improved histopathological features. Starting treatment in the migrating phase reduced larval count by 62.9, 99.6 and 89.5 % after administration of suspension, coated and uncoated NLCs, respectively. The same rank was recorded for the encysted phase. NLCs enhanced the efficacy of albendazole against Trichinella spiralis compared with suspension with chitosan coated NLCs being superior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania K Eid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Dalia S Ashour
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Ebtessam A Essa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Gamal M El Maghraby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Mona F Arafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
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16
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Abstract
Aim: Hydatid cystic disease is an endemic parasitic disease that is common in the world. We aimed to review the demographic, clinical and laboratory findings, and treatments and outcomes of children with hydatid cyst disease, and to determine the factors affecting treatment response in two pediatric pulmonology centers in the central region of Turkey. Material and Methods: The clinical records of patients aged below 18 years who were followed up between January 2006 and December 2016 because of hydatid cyst disease were reviewed retrospectively. The patients’ ages at the time of diagnosis, sexes, living areas (rural /urban), dog contact history, presence of hydatid cyst in other family members, symptoms, organs involved, dimensions of cysts, laboratory results, treatments and post treatment responses, follow-up, and outcomes were noted. Results: In a period of 10 years, 50 pediatric patients were followed up with a diagnosis of hydatid cyst. The mean age was 9.3±0.5 years and 33 (66%) of the patients were male. Fifteen patients were living in a rural area and 35 were living in an urban area. Fifteen patients had a history of contact with a dog and 10% had a positive family history. Thirty-six patients had lung involvement, 25 had liver involvement, 14 (28%) had both lung and liver involvement, and six patients had organ involvement other than lung and liver. The indirect hemagglutination test for hydatid cyst was positive in 24 of 40 patients and Echinococcus granulosus-specific IgE positivity was detected in 8 of 17 patients. Surgery was performed in 31 patients with lung involvement and PAIR was performed in 13 patients who had liver involvement. Cyst excision was performed in two patients who had isolated spinal involvement. All patients were treated with albendazole, and additional praziquantel treatment was given to seven patients. Relapse occurred in seven patients in this period. The relapse frequency was higher in patients who had organ involvement other than in the lung and liver (p<0.05), and these patients’ treatment durations were longer compared with the others (p<0.05). Conclusion: Hydatid cysts can involve different organs in children. Patients with organ involvement other than the lung and liver should be followed up carefully in terms of recurrence.
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17
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Sawatdee S, Atipairin A, Sae Yoon A, Srichana T, Changsan N, Suwandecha T. Formulation Development of Albendazole-Loaded Self-Microemulsifying Chewable Tablets to Enhance Dissolution and Bioavailability. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E134. [PMID: 30897738 PMCID: PMC6471907 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11030134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Albendazole is an anthelmintic agent with poor solubility and absorption. We developed a chewable tablet (200 mg drug equivalent), containing a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS), with oral disintegrating properties. The emulsion was developed using sesame and soybean oils along with surfactant/co-surfactants, and the tablets were prepared by wet granulation using superdisintegrants and adsorbents. Infra-red (IR) spectral studies revealed no interaction between the drug and excipients, and all physical and chemical parameters were within acceptable limits. Stability studies for the formulation indicated no significant change over time. An in vitro release study indicated 100% drug release within 30 min, and in vivo plasma concentrations indicated that the area under the curve (AUC) of albendazole in rats administered SMEDDS chewable tablets was significantly higher than in those administered commercial tablets or powder (p-value < 0.05). The systemic bioavailability of albendazole achieved through the SMEDDS tablets was 1.3 times higher than that achieved by the administration of comparable quantities of albendazole commercial tablets. This was due to the higher dissolution of albendazole SMEDDS in the chewable tablets. We conclude that the SMEDDS chewable formulation can be used to improve the dissolution and systemic availability of poorly water-soluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somchai Sawatdee
- Drug and Cosmetics Excellence Center, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand.
- School of Pharmacy, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand.
| | - Apichart Atipairin
- Drug and Cosmetics Excellence Center, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand.
- School of Pharmacy, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand.
| | - Attawadee Sae Yoon
- Drug and Cosmetics Excellence Center, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand.
- School of Pharmacy, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand.
| | - Teerapol Srichana
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand.
| | - Narumon Changsan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Rangsit University, Pathumtani 12000, Thailand.
| | - Tan Suwandecha
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand.
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18
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Application of a Refined Developability Classification System. J Pharm Sci 2018; 108:1090-1100. [PMID: 30389565 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In 2010, the Developability Classification System was proposed as an extension of the Biopharmaceutics Classification System to align the classification system with the need for early evaluation of drug candidates according to their developability as oral formulations. Recent work on the Developability Classification System has resulted in the refined developability classification system (rDCS), consisting of standard investigations to estimate drug candidate solubility and permeability and offering customized investigations that are triggered when there is a potential for supersaturation/precipitation (e.g., salts of acids, weak bases) or to investigate permeation versus dissolution-limited absorption. In the present study, the rDCS concept was successfully applied to 6 marketed compounds (aciclovir, albendazole, danazol, dantrolene, dipyridamole, and piroxicam), for which there is a rich database of information. Furthermore, the rDCS was applied to 20 pipeline compounds from past and current research projects at Bayer AG. The rDCS was able to predict the results in humans correctly in 80% of cases. Overall, the results suggest that the rDCS is a highly useful tool for estimating the in vivo behavior of new drug candidates.
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19
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Lanusse C, Canton C, Virkel G, Alvarez L, Costa-Junior L, Lifschitz A. Strategies to Optimize the Efficacy of Anthelmintic Drugs in Ruminants. Trends Parasitol 2018; 34:664-682. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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20
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Vinarov Z, Gancheva G, Katev V, Tcholakova SS. Albendazole solution formulation via vesicle-to-micelle transition of phospholipid-surfactant aggregates. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2018; 44:1130-1138. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2018.1438461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zahari Vinarov
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Gabriela Gancheva
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vladimir Katev
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Slavka S. Tcholakova
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University, Sofia, Bulgaria
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21
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Albendazole and antibiotics synergize to deliver short-course anti- Wolbachia curative treatments in preclinical models of filariasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E9712-E9721. [PMID: 29078351 PMCID: PMC5692564 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1710845114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Filarial nematode infections, caused by Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi (elephantiasis), and Onchocerca volvulus (river blindness) infect 150 million of the world’s poorest populations and cause profound disability. Standard treatments require repetitive, long-term, mass drug administrations and have failed to interrupted transmission in certain sub-Saharan African regions. A drug cure using doxycycline, which targets the essential filarial endosymbiont Wolbachia, is clinically effective but programmatically challenging to implement due to long treatment durations and contraindications. Here we provide proof-of-concept of a radical improvement of targeting Wolbachia via identification of drug synergy between the anthelmintic albendazole and antibiotics. This synergy enables the shortening of treatment duration of macrofilaricidal anti-Wolbachia based treatments from 4 wk to 7 d with registered drugs ready for clinical testing. Elimination of filariasis requires a macrofilaricide treatment that can be delivered within a 7-day period. Here we have identified a synergy between the anthelmintic albendazole (ABZ) and drugs depleting the filarial endosymbiont Wolbachia, a proven macrofilaricide target, which reduces treatment from several weeks to 7 days in preclinical models. ABZ had negligible effects on Wolbachia but synergized with minocycline or rifampicin (RIF) to deplete symbionts, block embryogenesis, and stop microfilariae production. Greater than 99% Wolbachia depletion following 7-day combination of RIF+ABZ also led to accelerated macrofilaricidal activity. Thus, we provide preclinical proof-of-concept of treatment shortening using antibiotic+ABZ combinations to deliver anti-Wolbachia sterilizing and macrofilaricidal effects. Our data are of immediate public health importance as RIF+ABZ are registered drugs and thus immediately implementable to deliver a 1-wk macrofilaricide. They also suggest that novel, more potent anti-Wolbachia drugs under development may be capable of delivering further treatment shortening, to days rather than weeks, if combined with benzimidazoles.
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22
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Kundu M, Roy MN. Preparation, interaction and spectroscopic characterization of inclusion complex of a cyclic oligosaccharide with an antidepressant drug. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-017-0745-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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23
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Fadke J, Desai J, Thakkar H. Formulation Development of Spherical Crystal Agglomerates of Itraconazole for Preparation of Directly Compressible Tablets with Enhanced Bioavailability. AAPS PharmSciTech 2015; 16:1434-44. [PMID: 25991065 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-015-0332-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present work was to formulate tablet dosage form of itraconazole with enhanced bioavailability. Spherical crystal agglomerates (SCA) of itraconazole prepared by quasi emulsification solvent diffusion method using Soluplus and polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG 4000) showed increased solubility (540 μg/ml) in 0.1 N hydrochloric acid as compared to pure drug (12 μg/ml). A Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) study indicated compatibility of drug with the excipients. The developed SCA were spherical with smooth surface having an average size of 412 μm. The significantly improved micromeritic properties compared to the plain drug suggested its suitability for direct compression. The antifungal activity of itraconazole was retained in the SCA form as evidenced from the results of the disc diffusion method. The optimized SCA formulation could be easily compressed into tablet with desirable characteristics of hardness (5 kg/cm(2)) and disintegration time (6.3 min). The in vitro dissolution studies showed significant difference in the dissolution profiles of pure drug (21%) and SCA formulation (85%) which was even greater than that of marketed preparation (75%). In vivo pharmacokinetic showed significant enhancement in C max and AUC0-t with relative bioavailability of 225%. The SCA formulation seems to be promising for enhancement of oral bioavailability of itraconazole.
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Ceballos L, Alvarez L, Mackenzie C, Geary T, Lanusse C. Pharmacokinetic comparison of different flubendazole formulations in pigs: A further contribution to its development as a macrofilaricide molecule. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-DRUGS AND DRUG RESISTANCE 2015; 5:178-84. [PMID: 27120064 PMCID: PMC4846999 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite the well established ivermectin activity against microfilaria, the success of human filariasis control programmes requires the use of a macrofilaricide compound. Different in vivo trials suggest that flubendazole (FLBZ), an anthelmintic benzimidazole compound, is a highly efficacious and potent macrofilaricide. However, since serious injection site reactions were reported in humans after the subcutaneous FLBZ administration, the search for alternative pharmaceutical strategies to improve the systemic availability of FLBZ has acquired special relevance both in human and veterinary medicine. The goal of the current experimental work was to compare the pharmacokinetic plasma behavior of FLBZ, and its metabolites, formulated as either an aqueous hydroxypropyl- β -cyclodextrin-solution (HPBCD), an aqueous carboxymethyl cellulose-suspension (CMC) or a Tween 80-based formulation, in pigs. Animals were allocated into three groups and treated (2 mg/kg) with FLBZ formulated as either a HPBCD-solution (oral), CMC-suspension (oral) or Tween 80-based formulation (subcutaneous). Only trace amounts of FLBZ parent drug and its reduced metabolite were measured after administration of the different FLBZ formulations in pigs. The hydrolyzed FLBZ (H-FLBZ) metabolite was the main analyte recovered in the bloodstream in pigs treated with the three experimental FLBZ formulations. The oral administration of the HPBCD-solution accounted for significantly higher (P < 0.05) Cmax and AUC (23.1 ± 4.4 μg h/mL) values for the main metabolite (H-FLBZ), compared with those observed for the oral CMC-suspension (AUC = 3.5 ± 1.0 μg h/mL) and injectable Tween 80-based formulation (AUC: 7.5 ± 1.7 μg h/mL). The oral administration of the HPBCD-solution significantly improved the poor absorption pattern (indirectly assessed as the H-FLBZ plasma concentrations) observed after the oral administration of the FLBZ-CMC suspension or the subcutaneous injection of the Tween 80 FLBZ formulation to pigs. Overall, the work reported here indicates that FLBZ pharmacokinetic behavior can be markedly changed by the pharmaceutical formulation. The pharmacokinetics of three different FLBZ formulations was assessed in pigs. Hydrolyzed-FLBZ was the main metabolite detected in pigs given the formulations. Traces of FLBZ and reduced-FLBZ were measured after administration of FLBZ. Oral administration of FLBZ-HPBCD solution resulted in a high systemic H-FLBZ exposure. Similar FLBZ plasma exposure was observed after parenteral FLBZ-Tween 80 and HPBCD administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ceballos
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Campus Universitario, 7000 Tandil, Argentina.
| | - L Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Campus Universitario, 7000 Tandil, Argentina
| | - C Mackenzie
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - T Geary
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue QC H9X 3V9 Canada
| | - C Lanusse
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Campus Universitario, 7000 Tandil, Argentina
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Thakkar HP, Khunt A, Dhande RD, Patel AA. Formulation and evaluation of Itraconazole nanoemulsion for enhanced oral bioavailability. J Microencapsul 2015; 32:559-69. [DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2015.1065917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Preparation and characterization of β-sitosterol/β-cyclodextrin crystalline inclusion complexes. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-015-0550-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Pradines B, Gallard JF, Iorga BI, Gueutin C, Loiseau PM, Ponchel G, Bouchemal K. Investigation of the complexation of albendazole with cyclodextrins for the design of new antiparasitic formulations. Carbohydr Res 2014; 398:50-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ceballos L, Mackenzie C, Geary T, Alvarez L, Lanusse C. Exploring the potential of flubendazole in filariasis control: evaluation of the systemic exposure for different pharmaceutical preparations. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e2838. [PMID: 24874646 PMCID: PMC4038472 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of elimination of the human filariases would benefit greatly from the use of a macrofilaricidal agent. In vivo trials in humans and many experimental animal models suggest that flubendazole (FLBZ) is a highly efficacious macrofilaricide. However, since serious injection site reactions were reported in humans after parenteral FLBZ administration, the search for alternative pharmaceutical strategies to improve the systemic availability of FLBZ and its metabolites has acquired urgency in both human and veterinary medicine. The goal of the current work was to compare the systemic exposure of FLBZ formulated as either an aqueous hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (CD) or aqueous carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) suspension or a Tween 80-based formulation (TWEEN) in rats and jirds (Meriones unguiculatus). Healthy animals of both species were allocated into four experimental groups of 44 animals each: FLBZ-CDoral and FLBZ-CDsc, treated with the FLBZ-CD formulation by the oral or subcutaneous routes, respectively; FLBZ-TWEENsc, dosed subcutaneously with the FLBZ-TWEEN formulation; and FLBZ-CMCoral, treated orally with the FLBZ suspension. The FLBZ dose was 5 mg/kg. FLBZ and its hydrolyzed (H-FLBZ) and reduced (R-FLBZ) metabolites were recovered in plasma samples collected from rats and jirds treated with the different FLBZ formulations. In both species, FLBZ parent drug was the main analyte recovered in the bloodstream. In rats, FLBZ systemic exposure (AUC0-LOQ) was significantly (P<0.05) higher after the FLBZ-CD treatments, both oral (4.8±0.9 µg.h/mL) and subcutaneous (7.3±0.6 µg.h/mL), compared to that observed after oral administration of FLBZ-CMC suspension (0.93±0.2 µg.h/mL). The same differences were observed in jirds. In both species, parenteral administration of FLBZ-TWEEN did not improve the systemic availability of FLBZ compared to FLBZ-CDoral treatment. In conclusion, formulation approaches that enhance the availability of flubendazole in the rat and jird may have therapeutic implications for a drug with poor or erratic bioavailability. Lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis are tropical parasitic diseases caused by filarial nematodes, which constitute a serious public health issue in tropical regions. Lymphatic filariasis causes debilitating lymphedema and hydrocele, resulting in temporary or permanent disability. Onchocerciasis (also known as river blindness) causes visual impairment and blindness, constituting one of the leading causes of blindness in the world. The control of human filarial infections currently depends on strategies predominantly focused at killing microfilariae (larval stage) by the use of ivermectin or diethylcarbamzine, usually in combination with albendazole. It is now generally recognized that the success of filariasis control programs in a reasonable time-frame requires the addition of a macrofilaricide (adult stage) compound. Although flubendazole has demonstrated macrofilaricidal activity in vivo, the approved formulations provide almost no oral bioavailability. The search for alternative pharmaceutical strategies to improve the systemic availability of flubendazole has acquired urgency in both human and veterinary medicine. Searching for improved flubendazole absorption, different flubendazole pharmaceutical preparations were assessed, both in rats and jirds, in the study described here. The work demonstrated that flubendazole pharmacokinetics could be markedly modified by changes in drug formulation. The resulting improved systemic exposure of flubendazole may have a significant impact on its macrofilaricidal efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ceballos
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Tandil, Argentina
- * E-mail:
| | - Charles Mackenzie
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, School of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Timothy Geary
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Luis Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Tandil, Argentina
| | - Carlos Lanusse
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Tandil, Argentina
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Jung-Cook H. Pharmacokinetic variability of anthelmintics: implications for the treatment of neurocysticercosis. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2014; 5:21-30. [DOI: 10.1586/ecp.11.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Enhanced bioavailability and cysticidal effect of three mebendazole-oil preparations in mice infected with secondary cysts of Echinococcus granulosus. Parasitol Res 2012; 111:1205-11. [PMID: 22661241 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-012-2954-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to explore the possibility to increase the efficacy of mebendazole (MBZ) against secondary cysts of Echinococcus granulosus harbored in mice by augmenting the solubility and bioavailability of the drug. Firstly, the saturated solubility of MBZ in nine kinds of oil was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and MBZ was found exhibiting the highest, secondary, and lowest solubility in oleic acid (OA), glycerol trioleate (GT), and soybean oil (SB), respectively. Secondly, MBZ-OA suspension, MBZ-GT suspension, MBZ-SB suspension, and MBZ suspended in 1 % tragacanth (MBZ-1 % tragacanth) were selected for further studies on pharmacokinetics and experimental therapy in mice. Four groups of mice were treated orally with one of aforementioned four MBZ preparations at a single dose of 25 mg/kg, and concentrations of MBZ in plasma obtained from each mouse at various intervals within 24 h postadministration were determined by HPLC. The major pharmacokinetic parameters calculated by MBZ plasma concentration-time curve demonstrated that the peak concentration of the drug (C (max) ) values obtained from three MBZ-oil preparation groups was 1.6-2.8 times higher than that of MBZ-1 % tragacanth group. The same was true that the area under the drug concentration-time curve (AUC(0-∞)) values of 19.8 (2.5)-28.2 (2.5) μg/ml × h revealed in the three MBZ-oil preparation groups was significantly higher than that of 11.6 (2.0) μg/ml × h in MBZ-1 % tragacanth group, and the bioavailability of the three MBZ-oil preparation groups was 71-143 % higher than that of MBZ-1 % tragacanth group. In mice infected with secondary cysts of E. granulosus for 8 months treated orally with MBZ-1 % tragacanth at a daily dose of 25 mg/kg for 14 consecutive days, the mean cyst weight was lower than that of untreated control, but the difference was not statistically significant with cyst weight reduction of 48 %. When the infected mice received three MBZ-oil preparations at the same oral dose schedule as aforementioned, the mean cyst weights were significantly lower than those in MBZ-1 % tragacanth group or control group with cyst weight reductions of 71.2-84.7 %. The results indicate that the solubility of MBZ in oils may increase to various degrees according to the kinds of oil used. Meanwhile, three MBZ-oil (OA, GT, and SB) preparations administered orally to mice not only improve the bioavailability of MBZ relative to that of MBZ suspended in 1 % tragacanth, but their effects against hydatid cysts also significantly enhance.
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Mackenzie CD, Geary TG. Flubendazole: a candidate macrofilaricide for lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis field programs. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2011; 9:497-501. [PMID: 21609260 DOI: 10.1586/eri.11.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Mukherjee T, Plakogiannis FM. Development and oral bioavailability assessment of a supersaturated self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) of albendazole. J Pharm Pharmacol 2011; 62:1112-20. [PMID: 20796189 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2010.01149.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Albendazole's (ABZ) poor aqueous solubility is a major determinant of its variable therapeutic response (20-50%). The purpose of this study was to develop and optimize the composition of a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) of ABZ and assess its oral pharmacokinetics in rabbits. METHODS A D-optimal mixture design of experiments was used to select the levels of constraints of the formulation variables. The predicted composition was optimized using four responses: dispersion performance, droplet sizes, dissolution efficiency (DE) and time for 85% drug release (t(85%)). KEY FINDINGS The optimal composition of the ABZ-SMEDDS formulation, with approximately 5 mg/g drug loading of ABZ, was predicted to be Cremophor EL (30% w/w), Tween 80 (15% w/w), Capmul PG-8 (10% w/w) and acidified PEG 400 (45% w/w). An increase of 63% in the relative bioavailability compared with the commercial suspension was obtained with ABZ-SMEDDS as measured by albendazole sulfoxide (ABZSO) plasma levels. The area under the curve (AUC(0-->24h)) and the peak plasma concentration (C(max)) of ABZ-SMEDDS was higher than those obtained with the commercial suspension by 56% and 52%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates a strategy for the development of a supersaturated SMEDDS formulation of a drug with low aqueous solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tusharmouli Mukherjee
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA.
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Sugano K. Computational oral absorption simulation of free base drugs. Int J Pharm 2010; 398:73-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Revised: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 07/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
Echinococcosis is among the most neglected parasitic diseases. Development of new drugs and other treatment modalities receives very little attention, if any. In most developed countries, Cystic Echinococcosis (CE) is an imported disease of very low incidence and prevalence and is found almost exclusively in migrants from endemic regions. In endemic regions, predominantly settings with limited resources, patient numbers are high. Whole communities do not have access to appropriate treatment. The choice of treatment modalities is limited because of poor infrastructure and shortage of equipment and drugs. In this context, CE meets the criteria for a neglected disease. Furthermore, the terminology related to the designations around the parasite, its evolution and some therapeutic procedures is not uniform and sometimes inappropriate terms and wrong designations are used based on incorrect concepts. Although all of us know the different aspects of the disease it is pertinent to remember some important points and, above all, to clarify some aspects concerning the hydatid cyst's nomenclature in order to understand better the therapeutic options in the liver locations, particularly the different surgical approaches.
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Palomares-Alonso F, González CR, Bernad-Bernad MJ, Montiel MDC, Hernández GP, González-Hernández I, Castro-Torres N, Estrada EP, Jung-Cook H. Two novel ternary albendazole-cyclodextrin-polymer systems: dissolution, bioavailability and efficacy against Taenia crassiceps cysts. Acta Trop 2010; 113:56-60. [PMID: 19769931 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2009.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2009] [Revised: 09/07/2009] [Accepted: 09/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The effect of two water-soluble polymers: pectin and polyvinylpyrrolidone in combination with beta-cyclodextrin, on the dissolution, bioavailability and cysticidal efficacy of albendazole was evaluated using a commercial suspension as reference product. The dissolution of the albendazole-beta-cyclodextrin-pectin formulation was slow and incomplete (44.7%). No statistical differences in C(max) and AUC were found between this formulation and the reference. Also its cysticidal efficacy (33%) was similar to the reference (38%). The albendazole-beta-cyclodextrin-polyvinylpyrrolidone formulation exhibited the highest dissolution rate (78.5%) and its bioavailability was also significantly increased (2.3-fold). In addition, the cysticidal activity of this formulation (83%) was greater than a commercial suspension. Our results suggest that the ternary system of albendazole-beta-cyclodextrin-polyvinylpyrrolidone could be a potential alternative for the treatment of systemic helmintic diseases and it is worth to continue its preclinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Palomares-Alonso
- Laboratorio de Neuropsicofarmacología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía. México DF, 14269, Mexico.
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Cruz JR, Becker BA, Morris KF, Larive CK. NMR characterization of the host-guest inclusion complex between beta-cyclodextrin and doxepin. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2008; 46:838-845. [PMID: 18615634 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.2267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between doxepin, a member of the tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) class of drugs, with beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) was investigated using NMR. Several TCAs have been reported to form a complex with beta-CD having 1:1 stoichiometry. Previous results from UV-visible spectroscopy, fluorescence measurements, and molecular modeling indicated that for imipramine, desipramine, and amitriptyline, the TCA aliphatic tail is included in the cyclodextrin cavity with apparently no interaction of the tricyclic ring. An alternative view of the doxepin-beta-CD complex is presented in this work using analysis of complexation-induced chemical shifts (CICSs), the method of continuous variation (Job's analysis), and analysis of ROESY spectra. The Job's plot derived from the NMR spectral data confirms that the complex formed has 1:1 stoichiometry. The largest changes in the CICS data were observed for the aromatic protons of one of the doxepin rings, with much smaller chemical shift changes observed for the protons of the other aromatic ring and the doxepin tail. Perhaps the most significant evidence for inclusion of the doxepin tricyclic ring is the strong ROESY cross peaks between the doxepin aromatic resonances and the protons located inside the beta-CD cavity. Changes in the doxepin (1)H NMR spectrum and the behavior of ROESY exchange cross peaks suggest that inclusion complex formation decreases the rate of internal motions of doxepin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Cruz
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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