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Boyte ME, Akhtar N, Koshy B, Roe AL. A Review of Probiotic Ingredient Safety Supporting Monograph Development Conducted by the United States Pharmacopeia (USP). J Diet Suppl 2024:1-39. [PMID: 38356247 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2024.2314488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The United States Pharmacopeia (USP) is an independent, nonprofit science-based organization whose mission is to improve global health through public standards and related products for medicines, food and dietary supplements. Probiotic-based dietary supplements are increasingly popular in the marketplace and USP has developed fourteen monographs specific to probiotic ingredients, including representatives from the Genera Lactobacillus, Bacillus, Streptococcus, and Bifidobacterium. These monographs include the definition of the article, tests for identification, quantification assays (enumeration in the case of probiotics), limits for contaminants, and other quality parameters when appropriate. In addition to quality, the USP also considers the safety of probiotics for monograph development. This report includes an overview of the USP admission evaluation process for probiotics as well as a tabular summary of the probiotic monographs currently available. Pharmacopeia monographs can guide manufacturers and brand owners and protect consumers through establishment of quality standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Eve Boyte
- Dietary Supplement Admission Evaluation and Labeling Expert Committee, United States Pharmacopeia, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Nadeem Akhtar
- United States Pharmacopeia, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Binu Koshy
- United States Pharmacopeia, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Amy L Roe
- Dietary Supplement Admission Evaluation and Labeling Expert Committee, United States Pharmacopeia, Rockville, Maryland, USA
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2
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Arcidiacono S, Spangler JR, Litteral V, Doherty LA, Stamps B, Walper S, Goodson M, Soares JW. In Vitro Fermentation Evaluation of Engineered Sense and Respond Probiotics in Polymicrobial Communities. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:5176-5185. [PMID: 37642529 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic biology provides a means of engineering tailored functions into probiotic bacteria. Of particular interest is introducing microbial sense and response functions; however, techniques for testing in physiologically relevant environments, such as those for the intended use, are still lacking. Typically, engineered probiotics are developed and tested in monoculture or in simplified cocultures still within ideal environments. In vitro fermentation models using simplified microbial communities now allow us to simulate engineered organism behavior, specifically organism persistence and intended functionality, within more physiologically relevant, tailored microbial communities. Here, probiotic bacteria Escherichia coli Nissle and Lactobacillus plantarum engineered with sense and response functionalities were evaluated for the ability to persist and function without adverse impact on commensal bacteria within simplified polymicrobial communities with increasing metabolic competition that simulate gut microbe community dynamics. Probiotic abundance and plasmid stability, measured by viability qPCR, decreased for engineered E. coli Nissle relative to monocultures as metabolic competition increased; functional output was not affected. For engineered L. plantarum, abundance and plasmid stability were not adversely impacted; however, functional output was decreased universally as metabolic competition was introduced. For both organisms, adverse effects on select commensals were not evident. Testing engineered probiotics in more physiologically relevant in vitro test beds can provide critical knowledge for circuit design feedback and functional validation prior to the transition to more costly and time-consuming higher-fidelity testing in animal or human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Arcidiacono
- Soldier Effectiveness Directorate, US Army DEVCOM Soldier Center, Natick, Massachusetts 01760, United States
| | - Joseph R Spangler
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science & Engineering, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C.20375, United States
| | - Vaughn Litteral
- UES Inc, US Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Laurel A Doherty
- Soldier Effectiveness Directorate, US Army DEVCOM Soldier Center, Natick, Massachusetts 01760, United States
| | - Blake Stamps
- 711th Human Performance Wing, US Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Scott Walper
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science & Engineering, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C.20375, United States
| | - Michael Goodson
- 711th Human Performance Wing, US Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Jason W Soares
- Soldier Effectiveness Directorate, US Army DEVCOM Soldier Center, Natick, Massachusetts 01760, United States
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3
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Asensio-Grau A, Calvo-Lerma J, Ferriz-Jordán M, García-Hernández J, Heredia A, Andrés A. Effect of Lactobacillaceae Probiotics on Colonic Microbiota and Metabolite Production in Cystic Fibrosis: A Comparative In Vitro Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:3846. [PMID: 37686878 PMCID: PMC10490339 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic Fibrosis-related gut dysbiosis (CFRGD) has become a recognised complication in children with this condition, and current evidence remains insufficient to guide the selection of probiotic strains for supplementation treatments. The aim of this study was to characterise the effect of three probiotic strains on CFRGD by means of a dynamic in vitro simulation of the colonic fermentation (SHIME®). The configuration of the system included three bioreactors colonised with the faecal inoculum of a child with cystic fibrosis. For 20 days, each bioreactor was supplied daily with either Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (ATCC 53103 TM), Limosilactobacillus reuteri (DSM 17938) or Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (DSM 22266). The baseline microbiota was characterised by a high abundance of Prevotella, Faecalibacterium and Acidaminococcus genera. After 20 days of supplementation, L. rhamnosus and L. plantarum reduced Prevotella significantly, and the three strains led to increased Faecalibacterium and Bifidobacterium and decreased Acidaminococcus, with some of these changes being maintained 10 days after ceasing supplementation. The metabolic activity remained unaltered in terms of short-chain fatty acids, but branched-chain fatty acids showed a significant decrease, especially with L. plantarum. Additionally, ammonia decreased at 20 days of supplementation, and lactate continuously increased with the three strains. The effects on colonic microbiota of L. rhamnosus, L. reuteri or L. plantarum were established, including increased beneficial bacteria, such as Faecalibacterium, and beneficial metabolites such as lactate; and on the other hand, a reduction in pathogenic genera, including Prevotella or Acidaminococcus and branched-chain fatty acids, overall supported their use as probiotics in the context of CFRGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Asensio-Grau
- Institute of Food Engineering (IIA-FoodUPV), Polytechnic University of Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 València, Spain; (A.A.-G.); (M.F.-J.); (A.A.)
- Joint Research Unit NutriCura, Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 València, Spain
| | - Joaquim Calvo-Lerma
- Institute of Food Engineering (IIA-FoodUPV), Polytechnic University of Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 València, Spain; (A.A.-G.); (M.F.-J.); (A.A.)
- Joint Research Unit NutriCura, Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 València, Spain
| | - Miguel Ferriz-Jordán
- Institute of Food Engineering (IIA-FoodUPV), Polytechnic University of Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 València, Spain; (A.A.-G.); (M.F.-J.); (A.A.)
| | - Jorge García-Hernández
- Advanced Food Microbiology Centre (CAMA), Polytechnic University of Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 València, Spain
| | - Ana Heredia
- Institute of Food Engineering (IIA-FoodUPV), Polytechnic University of Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 València, Spain; (A.A.-G.); (M.F.-J.); (A.A.)
- Joint Research Unit NutriCura, Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 València, Spain
| | - Ana Andrés
- Institute of Food Engineering (IIA-FoodUPV), Polytechnic University of Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 València, Spain; (A.A.-G.); (M.F.-J.); (A.A.)
- Joint Research Unit NutriCura, Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 València, Spain
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4
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Zheng Y, Xu L, Zhang S, Liu Y, Ni J, Xiao G. Effect of a probiotic formula on gastrointestinal health, immune responses and metabolic health in adults with functional constipation or functional diarrhea. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1196625. [PMID: 37497057 PMCID: PMC10368241 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1196625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Our aim was to determine the efficacy of four-week probiotic supplementation on gastrointestinal health. The secondary objectives were to assess probiotic effects on immune reaction, as well as weight control and metabolic health. Methods We conducted two randomized sub-trials, respectively, among subjects who were diagnosed with functional constipation (FC) or functional diarrhea (FDr) according to the Rome IV criteria. In each sub-trial, 70 eligible Chinese adults were randomized to receive a multi-strain probiotic combination or a placebo. Gastrointestinal symptoms, defecation habits, stool characteristics, blood and fecal biochemistry markers, anthropometrics measures, stress-associated responses, and intestinal flora changes were assessed at baseline and after probiotics intervention. Results Four weeks of probiotic supplementation reduced overall gastrointestinal symptoms scores in FC participants (p < 0.0001). Their mean weekly stool frequency increased from 3.3 times to 6.2 times; immune response and inflammation markers improved with increases in serum IgA, IFN-γ and fecal sIgA, and decrease in hsCRP; most components of lipid profile were significantly ameliorated, with increases in HDL-C and reductions in TC and TG; body weight, body mass index and basal metabolic rate decreased following probiotics consumption. For FDr participants, probiotics consumption markedly reduced overall gastrointestinal symptom scores (p < 0.0001); decreased stool frequency by 3 times per week; increased IgA, IFN-γ, sIgA concentrations, while lowered hsCRP and IL-4 levels. Both FC and FDr participants had improvement in the scores of defecation habits, anxiety or depression, and perceived stress. Probiotics supplementation promoted the production of all three major short-chain fatty acids. No changes were observed in LDL-C, IgG, IgM, IL-8, IL-10 and motilin. Conclusion Supplementation with the probiotic formula over a four-week period could help relieving gastrointestinal symptoms, improving satisfaction with defecation habits, emotional state and immune response, and ameliorating dysbacteriosis in participants with FC or FDr. It also had beneficial effects on lipid metabolism and weight control for FC participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyi Zheng
- Shenzhen Precision Health Food Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Leiming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Silu Zhang
- Shenzhen Precision Health Food Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanwen Liu
- School of Bioengineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayi Ni
- Sprim (China) Consulting Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Guoxun Xiao
- Shenzhen Precision Health Food Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
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Zhang N, Li J, Zhan Y, Wang K, Zhan Z, Wei H, Zhang Z. Acid-tolerant Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ZDY2013 shows a colonization niche preference and interacts with enterotoxigenic Bacillus cereus in specific-pathogen-free mice. Food Funct 2023. [PMID: 37366339 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01468a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics have long been utilized as functional food and modulate gut microbial homeostasis, but their colonization niche is mostly unclear and transient, which restrains the development of microbiome-targeted strategies. Lactiplantibacillus (L.) plantarum ZDY2013 is an allochthonous species of the human gastrointestinal tract with acid-tolerant properties. It serves as an antagonistic agent against the food-borne pathogen Bacillus (B.) cereus and a potent regulator of the gut microbiota. However, there is a knowledge gap regarding the colonization dynamics of L. plantarum ZDY2013 in the host intestine and the colonization niche of its interaction with pathogens. Here, we designed a pair of specific primers targeting L. plantarum ZDY2013 based on its whole genome sequence. We evaluated their accuracy and sensitivity with other host-derived strains and confirmed their availability with artificially spiked fecal samples from different mouse models. Additionally, the content of L. plantarum ZDY2013 was quantified by qPCR in fecal samples from BALB/c mice, followed by the analysis of its colonization niche preference. Moreover, the interactions between L. plantarum ZDY2013 and enterotoxigenic B. cereus HN001 were also elucidated. The results revealed that the newly designed primers could identify L. plantarum ZDY2013 with high specificity and were resistant to the influence of the complex fecal matrix and gut microbes from different hosts. Interestingly, the content of mixed L. plantarum ZDY2013 and B. cereus HN001 when orally administered remained higher when compared with the single strain group in BALB/c mice upon discontinuation of intragastric administration. In addition, L. plantarum ZDY2013 was mainly enriched in the large intestine during the ingestion period and maintained the highest content in the stomach after discontinuing supplementation on day 7. Moreover, L. plantarum ZDY2013 colonization neither damaged the intestine nor ameliorated the damage triggered by B. cereus in BALB/c mice. Overall, our study constructed two efficient specific primers targeting L. plantarum ZDY2013 and provided the potential to explore the underlying mechanism of competition between L. plantarum ZDY2013 and pathogens in host species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Jinmei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Ying Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Kaiming Wang
- Department of Physiology, CEGIIR, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Zhongxu Zhan
- Jiangxi General Institute of Testing and Certification Food Testing Institute, Nanchang, 330200, China
| | - Hua Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China.
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China.
- International Institute of Food Innovation, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330299, China
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6
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Mills S, Yang B, Smith GJ, Stanton C, Ross RP. Efficacy of Bifidobacterium longum alone or in multi-strain probiotic formulations during early life and beyond. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2186098. [PMID: 36896934 PMCID: PMC10012958 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2186098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The significance of Bifidobacterium to human health can be appreciated from its early colonization of the neonatal gut, where Bifidobacterium longum represents the most abundant species. While its relative abundance declines with age, it is further reduced in several diseases. Research into the beneficial properties of B. longum has unveiled a range of mechanisms, including the production of bioactive molecules, such as short-chain fatty acids, polysaccharides, and serine protease inhibitors. From its intestinal niche, B. longum can have far-reaching effects in the body influencing immune responses in the lungs and even skin, as well as influencing brain activity. In this review, we present the biological and clinical impacts of this species on a range of human conditions beginning in neonatal life and beyond. The available scientific evidence reveals a strong rationale for continued research and further clinical trials that investigate the ability of B. longum to treat or prevent a range of diseases across the human lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Mills
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Catherine Stanton
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Food Biosciences Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Co Cork, Ireland
| | - R Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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7
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Isenring J, Stevens MJA, Jans C, Lacroix C, Geirnaert A. Identification of Valerate as Carrying Capacity Modulator by Analyzing Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Colonization of Colonic Microbiota in vitro. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:910609. [PMID: 35722334 PMCID: PMC9197689 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.910609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans ingest many microorganisms, which may colonize and interact with the resident gut microbiota. However, extensive knowledge about host-independent microbe-microbe interactions is lacking. Here, we investigated such colonization process using a derivative of the model probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum WCFS1 into continuously cultivated gut microbiota in the intestinal PolyFermS fermentation model inoculated with five independently immobilized human adult fecal microbiota. L. plantarum successfully colonized and organized itself spatially in the planktonic, that is, the reactor effluent, and sessile, that is, reactor biofilm, fractions of distinct human adult microbiota. The microbiota carrying capacity for L. plantarum was independent of L. plantarum introduction dose and second supplementation. Adult microbiota (n = 3) dominated by Prevotella and Ruminoccocus exhibited a higher carrying capacity than microbiota (n = 2) dominated by Bacteroides with 105 and 103 CFU/ml of L. plantarum, respectively. Cultivation of human adult microbiota over 3 months resulted in decreased carrying capacity and correlated positively with richness and evenness, suggesting enhanced resistance toward colonizers. Our analyses ultimately allowed us to identify the fermentation metabolite valerate as a modulator to increase the carrying capacity in a microbiota-independent manner. In conclusion, by uncoupling microbe-microbe interactions from host factors, we showed that L. plantarum colonizes the in vitro colonic community in a microbiota-dependent manner. We were further able to demonstrate that L. plantarum colonization levels were not susceptible to the introduction parameters dose and repeated administration but to microbiota features. Such knowledge is relevant in gaining a deeper ecological understanding of colonizer-microbiota interactions and developing robust probiotic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Isenring
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marc J A Stevens
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Institute for Food Hygiene and Safety, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Jans
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Lacroix
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Annelies Geirnaert
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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8
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Garcia-Gonzalez N, Comas JC, Harris HMB, Strain C, Stanton C, Hill C, Corsetti A, Gahan CGM. Impact of Food Origin Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Strains on the Human Intestinal Microbiota in an in vitro System. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:832513. [PMID: 35450287 PMCID: PMC9016340 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.832513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously isolated and characterized food-dwelling strains of Lactiplantibacillus (Lpb.) plantarum that are consumed naturally as part of the microbiota of table olives and raw milk cheeses. Despite being consumed at relatively high levels, the impact of such strains on the human gut microbiota is currently unclear. In the current study we evaluated the potential impact of food-dominant Lpb. plantarum strains on the human gut microbiota using a continuous fecal fermentation system. Daily inoculation of Lpb. plantarum strains led to significant, detectable levels in the fecal fermentation system. We examined the impact of the presence of Lpb. plantarum on the microbiota derived from two separate donors. For one donor, Lpb. plantarum increased alpha diversity and beta diversity. This was reflected in significant alterations in abundance of the unclassified genera, dominated by Enterobacteriaceae_unclass and Ruminococcaceae_unclass. The microbiota of the other donor was relatively unaffected following introduction of the Lpb. plantarum strains. Overall, the work describes the response of the human microbiota to the introduction of high levels of food-dominant Lpb. plantarum strains and indicates that the response may reflect interindividual differences between donor samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Garcia-Gonzalez
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy.,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Hugh M B Harris
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Conall Strain
- Teagasc Moorepark Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Ireland
| | | | - Colin Hill
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Aldo Corsetti
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Cormac G M Gahan
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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9
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Mills S, Ross RP. Colliding and interacting microbiomes and microbial communities - consequences for human health. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:7341-7354. [PMID: 34390616 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Living 'things' coexist with microorganisms, known as the microbiota/microbiome that provides essential physiological functions to its host. Despite this reliance, the microbiome is malleable and can be altered by several factors including birth-mode, age, antibiotics, nutrition, and disease. In this minireview, we consider how other microbiomes and microbial communities impact the host microbiome and the host through the concept of microbiome collisions (initial exposures) and interactions. Interactions include changes in host microbiome composition and functionality and/or host responses. Understanding the impact of other microbiomes and microbial communities on the microbiome and host are important considering the decline in human microbiota diversity in the developed world - paralleled by the surge of non-communicable, inflammatory-based diseases. Thus, surrounding ourselves with rich and diverse beneficial microbiomes and microbial communities to collide and interact with should help to diminish the loss in microbial diversity and protect from certain diseases. In the same vein, our microbiomes not only influence our health but potentially the health of those close to us. We also consider strategies for enhanced host microbiome collisions and interactions through the surrounding environment that ensure increased microbiome diversity and functionality contributing to enhanced symbiotic return to the host in terms of health benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Mills
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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10
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Lee JM, Park SH, Jin CZ, Kang MK, Park DJ, Kim CJ. The groESL ISR sequence-based species-specific identification of GRAS and non-GRAS Lactiplantibacillus as an alternative to 16S rRNA sequencing. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Yousuf EI, Carvalho M, Dizzell SE, Kim S, Gunn E, Twiss J, Giglia L, Stuart C, Hutton EK, Morrison KM, Stearns JC. Persistence of Suspected Probiotic Organisms in Preterm Infant Gut Microbiota Weeks After Probiotic Supplementation in the NICU. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:574137. [PMID: 33117319 PMCID: PMC7552907 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.574137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are becoming a prevalent supplement to prevent necrotizing enterocolitis in infants born preterm. However, little is known about the ability of these live bacterial supplements to colonize the gut or how they affect endogenous bacterial strains and the overall gut community. We capitalized on a natural experiment resulting from a policy change that introduced the use of probiotics to preterm infants in a single Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. We used amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) derived from the v3 region of the 16S rRNA gene to compare the prevalence and abundance of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in the gut of preterm infants who were and were not exposed to a probiotic supplement in-hospital. Infants were followed to 5 months corrected age. In the probiotic-exposed infants, ASVs belonging to species of Bifidobacterium appeared at high relative abundance during probiotic supplementation and persisted for up to 5 months. In regression models that controlled for the confounding effects of age and antibiotic exposure, probiotic-exposed infants had a higher abundance of the suspected probiotic bifidobacteria than unexposed infants. Conversely, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus was similar between preterm groups over time. Lactobacillus abundance was inversely related to antibiotic exposure. Furthermore, the overall gut microbial community of the probiotic-exposed preterm infants at term corrected age clustered more closely to samples collected from 10-day old full-term infants than to samples from unexposed preterm infants at term age. In conclusion, routine in-hospital administration of probiotics to preterm infants resulted in the potential for colonization of the gut with probiotic organisms post-discharge and effects on the gut microbiome as a whole. Further research is needed to fully discriminate probiotic bacterial strains from endogenous strains and to explore their functional role in the gut microbiome and in infant health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efrah I Yousuf
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Marilia Carvalho
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sara E Dizzell
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Stephanie Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Gunn
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer Twiss
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Lucy Giglia
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Connie Stuart
- Neonatal Follow Up Clinic, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Eileen K Hutton
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Katherine M Morrison
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer C Stearns
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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12
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Jomehzadeh N, Javaherizadeh H, Amin M, Rashno M, Teimoori A. Quantification of Intestinal Lactobacillus Species in Children with Functional Constipation by Quantitative Real-Time PCR. Clin Exp Gastroenterol 2020; 13:141-150. [PMID: 32440191 PMCID: PMC7211309 DOI: 10.2147/ceg.s250755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Functional constipation is a common and annoying gastrointestinal disorder among children worldwide in which the intestinal microbiota composition plays a fundamental role. This study aimed to compare the quantity of main intestinal Lactobacillus species in constipated children and healthy controls. Materials and Methods Fecal samples were collected from 40 children fulfilling Rome IV criteria for functional constipation and 40 healthy volunteers. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method with species-specific primers was used to investigate seven main Lactobacillus species in fecal samples. Results Lactobacillus strains of the patient group were different from the healthy controls, main differences being noticeable decrease in the population quantity of Lactobacillus reuteri (mean 102.61 CFU/gram feces) and lower abundance of Lactobacillus fermentum (p<0.0001). Conclusion Lactobacillus species might be quantitatively altered in childhood functional constipation. Our findings on the different species of Lactobacillus population showed significantly decreased quantity in the patient group compared with the healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabi Jomehzadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hazhir Javaherizadeh
- Alimentary Tract Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Khouzestan, Iran
| | - Mansour Amin
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rashno
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Teimoori
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran
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Huang CH, Ho CY, Chen CT, Hsu HF, Lin YH. Probiotic BSH Activity and Anti-Obesity Potential of Lactobacillus plantarum Strain TCI378 Isolated from Korean Kimchi. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2019; 24:434-441. [PMID: 31915639 PMCID: PMC6941724 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2019.24.4.434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus (Lab.) is a human probiotic beneficial for the prevention and improvement of disease, yet properties of different Lab. strains are diverse. To obtain a Lab. strain that possesses greater potential against gastrointestinal dysfunction, we isolated Lactobacillus plantarum TCI378 (TCI378) from naturally fermented Korean kimchi. TCI378 has shown potential as probiotic since it can survive at pH 3.0 and in the presence of 0.3% bile acid. The bile salt hydrolase activity of TCI378 was shown by formation of opaque granular white colonies on solid de Man Rogosa Sharpe (MRS) medium supplemented with taurodeoxycholic acid, and its cholesterol-lowering ability in MRS medium supplemented with cholesterol. The metabolites of TCI378 from liquid culture in MRS medium prevented emulsification of bile salts. Moreover, both the metabolites of TCI378 and the dead bacteria reduced oil droplet accumulation in 3T3-L1, as detected by Oil red O staining. The expressions of adipocyte-specific genes perilipin 1 and glucose transporter type 4 were suppressed by the metabolites of TCI378, indicating TCI378 may have anti-obesity effects in adipocytes. These in vitro data show the potential of the prophylactic applications of TCI378 and its metabolites for reducing fat and lowering cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Han Huang
- TCI Research and Design Center, TCI Co., Ltd., Taipei 11494, Taiwan- Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Yu Ho
- TCI Research and Design Center, TCI Co., Ltd., Taipei 11494, Taiwan- Republic of China
| | - Ciao-Ting Chen
- TCI Research and Design Center, TCI Co., Ltd., Taipei 11494, Taiwan- Republic of China
| | - Hsin-Fen Hsu
- TCI Research and Design Center, TCI Co., Ltd., Taipei 11494, Taiwan- Republic of China
| | - Yung-Hsiang Lin
- TCI Research and Design Center, TCI Co., Ltd., Taipei 11494, Taiwan- Republic of China
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14
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Piatek J, Sommermeyer H, Bernatek M, Ciechelska-Rybarczyk A, Oleskow B, Mikkelsen LS, Barken KB. Persistent infection by Salmonella enterica servovar Typhimurium: are synbiotics a therapeutic option? – a case report. Benef Microbes 2019; 10:211-217. [DOI: 10.3920/bm2018.0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the prevalence of persistent human infections by nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS). Recently published study results indicate that a small fraction (at least 2.2%) of NTS-infected patients continue to shed Salmonella for an extended period of time (up to years). Despite the recommendation not to use antibiotics for the treatment of uncomplicated NTS-Salmonella infection, little treatment guidance is available. Clinical findings from a NTS-patient indicate that administration of synbiotics (probiotic bacteria plus prebiotic) might be considered as a treatment option. We report data of a patient who was treated with a synbiotic preparation containing nine different probiotic bacteria and the prebiotic fructooligosaccharides (FOS). Starting from day one of the treatment, the patient experienced an improvement of symptoms and was symptom-free at the end of a 10 days treatment course. After finishing the treatment, the stool proved to be Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium negative. In vitro pathogenic inhibition studies showed the inhibitory effects of the multistrain synbiotic mixture against S. Typhimurium. Growth of S. Typhimurium was also inhibited by individual bacterial strains making part of the composition of the mixture. However, he inhibitory effects of individual strains varied significantly, with those of Streptococcus thermophilus St-21 and Lactobacillus helveticus SP-27 exhibiting the strongest inhibitory effect. Persistent infections by S. Typhimurium are a severe concern for the affected patients. Besides the symptomatic burden, infected persons are banned from work in certain areas (e.g. food related service). In addition, patients with persistent S. Typhimurium infections are a threat for the public health in general, as they serve as a reservoir for NTS transmission. The findings indicate that treatment with a synbiotic preparation might provide a treatment option for persistent S. Typhimurium infections. More clinical data have to be gathered to confirm the relevance of this potential treatment approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Piatek
- The President Stanisław Wojciechowski State University of Applied Sciences in Kalisz, Nowy Świat 4 st., Kalisz 62-800, Poland
| | - H. Sommermeyer
- Vivatrex GmbH, Martinstrasse 10-12, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - M. Bernatek
- State Hospital Jarocin, Szpitalna 1, Jarocin 63-200, Poland
| | | | - B. Oleskow
- District Sanitary-Epidemiological Station in Jarocin, Waska 2, Jarocin 63-200, Poland
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15
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Li X, Song L, Zhu S, Xiao Y, Huang Y, Hua Y, Chu Q, Ren Z. Two Strains of Lactobacilli Effectively Decrease the Colonization of VRE in a Mouse Model. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:6. [PMID: 30761273 PMCID: PMC6363661 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) infection is a serious challenge for clinical management and there is no effective treatment at present. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and probiotic intervention have been shown to be promising approaches for reducing the colonization of certain pathogenic bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract, however, no such studies have been done on VRE. In this study, we evaluated the effect of FMT and two Lactobacillus strains (Y74 and HT121) on the colonization of VRE in a VRE-infection mouse model. We found that both Lactobacilli strains reduced VRE colonization rapidly. Fecal microbiota and colon mRNA expression analyses further showed that mice in FMT and the two Lactobacilli treatment groups restored their intestinal microbiota diversity faster than those in the phosphate buffer saline (PBS) treated group. Administration of Lactobacilli restored Firmicutes more quickly to the normal level, compared to FMT or PBS treatment, but restored Bacteroides to their normal level less quickly than FMT did. Furthermore, these treatments also had an impact on the relative abundance of intestinal microbiota composition from phylum to species level. RNA-seq showed that FMT treatment induced the expression of more genes in the colon, compared to the Lactobacilli treatment. Defense-related genes such as defensin α, Apoa1, and RegIII were down-regulated in both FMT and the two Lactobacilli treatment groups. Taken together, our findings indicate that both FMT and Lactobacilli treatments were effective in decreasing the colonization of VRE in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianping Li
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention - Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Liqiong Song
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention - Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Siyi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention - Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention - Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanming Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention - Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yuting Hua
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention - Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qiongfang Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention - Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihong Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention - Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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16
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Lactobacillus plantarum and Its Probiotic and Food Potentialities. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2017; 9:111-122. [DOI: 10.1007/s12602-017-9264-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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17
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Zhai Q, Yu L, Li T, Zhu J, Zhang C, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W. Effect of dietary probiotic supplementation on intestinal microbiota and physiological conditions of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under waterborne cadmium exposure. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2016; 110:501-513. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-016-0819-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Chen X, Xi Y, Zhang H, Wang Z, Fan M, Liu Y, Wu W. Characterization and adsorption of Lactobacillus virulent phage P1. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:6995-7001. [PMID: 27372579 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriophage infection of lactic acid bacteria is considered an important problem worldwide in the food fermentation industry, as it may produce low quality or unsafe foods, cause fermentation failure, and result in economic losses. To increase current knowledge on the properties of Lactobacillus virulent phages, we evaluated the effect of divalent cations, temperature, pH, and chloramphenicol on the adsorption ability of Lactobacillus virulent phage P1. Phage P1 was isolated from the abnormal fermentation liquid of Lactobacillus plantarum IMAU10120. The results showed that this phage belonged to the Siphoviridae family. The latent period of this phage was 45min, and the burst time was 90min. Burst size was 132.88±2.37 phage counts expressed per milliliter per infective center. This phage showed good tolerance at different temperatures, but incubation at 50°C only affected its adsorption. Adsorption rate reached a maximum value between 30 and 42°C. A high adsorption value of phage infectivity was obtained from pH 6 to 8. Moreover, calcium ions promoted and increased the adsorption capacity of phage P1, but magnesium ions had negative effects. Chloramphenicol had no effect on phage adsorption. This study increased current knowledge on the characterization and biological aspects of Lactobacillus virulent phages, and may provide some basic information that can be used to design successful antiphage strategies in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Chen
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, 010018, P. R. China.
| | - Y Xi
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, 010018, P. R. China
| | - H Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, 010018, P. R. China
| | - Z Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, 010018, P. R. China
| | - M Fan
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, 010018, P. R. China
| | - Y Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, 010018, P. R. China
| | - W Wu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, 010018, P. R. China
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Safety evaluation of AB-LIFE® (Lactobacillus plantarum CECT 7527, 7528 and 7529): Antibiotic resistance and 90-day repeated-dose study in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 92:117-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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20
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Ma C, Cheng G, Liu Z, Gong G, Chen Z. Determination of the essential nutrients required for milk fermentation by Lactobacillus plantarum. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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21
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Abstract
The field of genomics has expanded into subspecialties such as metagenomics over the course of the last decade and a half. The development of massively parallel sequencing capabilities has allowed for increasingly detailed study of the genome of the human microbiome, the microbial super organ that resides symbiotically within the mucosal tissues and integumentary system of the human host. The gut microbiome, and particularly the study of its origins in neonates, has become subtopics of great interest within the field of genomics. This brief review seeks to summarize recent literature regarding the origins and establishment of the neonatal gut microbiome, beginning in utero, and how it is affected by neonatal nutritional status (breastfed versus formula fed) and gestational age (term versus preterm). We also explore the role of dysbiosis, a perturbation within the fragile ecosystem of the microbiome, and its role in the origin of select pathologic states, specifically, obesity and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in preterm infants. We discuss the evidence supporting enteral pre- and pro-biotic supplementation of commensal organisms such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in the neonatal period, and their role in the prevention and amelioration of NEC in premature infants. Finally, we review directions to consider for further research to promote human health within this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Gritz
- Division of Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Yale Child Health Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, CT , USA
| | - Vineet Bhandari
- Division of Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Yale Child Health Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, CT , USA
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