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Lloyd MK, Trembath-Reichert E, Dawson KS, Feakins SJ, Mastalerz M, Orphan VJ, Sessions AL, Eiler JM. Methoxyl stable isotopic constraints on the origins and limits of coal-bed methane. Science 2021; 374:894-897. [PMID: 34762461 DOI: 10.1126/science.abg0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Lloyd
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.,Department of Geosciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - E Trembath-Reichert
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.,School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - K S Dawson
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.,Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - S J Feakins
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - M Mastalerz
- Indiana Geological and Water Survey, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - V J Orphan
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - A L Sessions
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - J M Eiler
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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2
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Garcia AK, Cavanaugh CM, Kacar B. The curious consistency of carbon biosignatures over billions of years of Earth-life coevolution. THE ISME JOURNAL 2021; 15:2183-2194. [PMID: 33846565 PMCID: PMC8319343 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-021-00971-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The oldest and most wide-ranging signal of biological activity (biosignature) on our planet is the carbon isotope composition of organic materials preserved in rocks. These biosignatures preserve the long-term evolution of the microorganism-hosted metabolic machinery responsible for producing deviations in the isotopic compositions of inorganic and organic carbon. Despite billions of years of ecosystem turnover, evolutionary innovation, organismic complexification, and geological events, the organic carbon that is a residuum of the global marine biosphere in the rock record tells an essentially static story. The ~25‰ mean deviation between inorganic and organic 13C/12C values has remained remarkably unchanged over >3.5 billion years. The bulk of this record is conventionally attributed to early-evolved, RuBisCO-mediated CO2 fixation that, in extant oxygenic phototrophs, produces comparable isotopic effects and dominates modern primary production. However, billions of years of environmental transition, for example, in the progressive oxygenation of the Earth's atmosphere, would be expected to have accompanied shifts in the predominant RuBisCO forms as well as enzyme-level adaptive responses in RuBisCO CO2-specificity. These factors would also be expected to result in preserved isotopic signatures deviating from those produced by extant RuBisCO in oxygenic phototrophs. Why does the bulk carbon isotope record not reflect these expected environmental transitions and evolutionary innovations? Here, we discuss this apparent discrepancy and highlight the need for greater quantitative understanding of carbon isotope fractionation behavior in extant metabolic pathways. We propose novel, laboratory-based approaches to reconstructing ancestral states of carbon metabolisms and associated enzymes that can constrain isotopic biosignature production in ancient biological systems. Together, these strategies are crucial for integrating the complementary toolsets of biological and geological sciences and for interpretation of the oldest record of life on Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K Garcia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Colleen M Cavanaugh
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Betul Kacar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory and Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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3
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Liu Y, Liu Y, Jiao D, Lu C, Lou Y, Li N, Wang G, Wang H. Synthesis and release of fatty acids under the interaction of Ulva pertusa and Heterosigma akashiwo by stable isotope analysis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 210:111852. [PMID: 33418155 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Symbiosis of marine algae is inevitable in the marine environment, and species may occur interaction on the growth. In this study, the macroalgae Ulva pertusa and marine microalgae Heterosigma akashiwo were selected as target species to study the interaction mechanism between them. After the 8 days of co-cultivation, the inhibition on growth was observed for both of U. pertusa and H. akashiwo. Eight fatty acids in U. pertusa was detected, with the significant decrease in contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) especially for C18:2, C18:3n-3 and C18:3n-6. Twelve fatty acids in H. akashiwo was detected, with the significant change for PUFAs. PUFA concentrations in the co-culture group were less than those in the mono-culture. Meanwhile the principal component analysis was conducted to insight into the interaction between U. pertusa and H. akashiwo by fatty acids content and carbon stable isotope ratio of fatty acids (δ13CFAs). Fatty acid content could not distinguish mono and co-culture. However, δ13CFAs could distinguish not only the culture time of algae, but also the living environment of algae. In addition, this study combined fatty acids content and δ13CFAs to explore the release of fatty acids by algae into the seawater. The C18:3n-3 was identified as the allelochemical released by U. pertusa to inhibit the growth of H. akashiwo. The ratio of δ13CFAs in seawater decreased. This study provides a theoretical basis for the symbiosis of marine algae, and a new method of compound-specific stable carbon isotopes was used to better explore the metabolism of fatty acids in algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China; Environmental Information Institute, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China.
| | - Dian Jiao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Chao Lu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Yadi Lou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Na Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Guoguang Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China.
| | - Haixia Wang
- Navigation College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
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Mahmoudi N, Enke TN, Beaupré SR, Teske AP, Cordero OX, Pearson A. Illuminating microbial species‐specific effects on organic matter remineralization in marine sediments. Environ Microbiol 2019; 22:1734-1747. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nagissa Mahmoudi
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences McGill University Montreal QC H3A 0E8
| | - Tim N. Enke
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Cambridge Massachusetts 02139
| | - Steven R. Beaupré
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences Stony Brook University Stony Brook New York 11794
| | - Andreas P. Teske
- Department of Marine Sciences University of North Carolina Chapel Hill North Carolina 27599
| | - Otto X. Cordero
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Cambridge Massachusetts 02139
| | - Ann Pearson
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts 02138
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Venturi S, Tassi F, Magi F, Cabassi J, Ricci A, Capecchiacci F, Caponi C, Nisi B, Vaselli O. Carbon isotopic signature of interstitial soil gases reveals the potential role of ecosystems in mitigating geogenic greenhouse gas emissions: Case studies from hydrothermal systems in Italy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 655:887-898. [PMID: 30481715 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Volcanic and hydrothermal areas largely contribute to the natural emission of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, although large uncertainties in estimating their global output still remain. Nevertheless, CO2 and CH4 discharged from hydrothermal fluid reservoirs may support active soil microbial communities. Such secondary processes can control and reduce the flux of these gases to the atmosphere. In order to evaluate the effects deriving from the presence of microbial activity, chemical and carbon (in CO2 and CH4) isotopic composition of interstitial soil gases, as well as diffuse CO2 fluxes, of three hydrothermal systems from Italy were investigated, i.e. (i) Solfatara crater (Campi Flegrei), (ii) Monterotondo Marittimo (Larderello geothermal field) and (iii) Baia di Levante in Vulcano Island (Aeolian Archipelago), where soil CO2 fluxes up to 2400, 1920 and 346 g m-2 day-1 were measured, respectively. Despite the large supply of hydrothermal fluids, 13CO2 enrichments were observed in interstitial soil gases with respect to the fumarolic gas discharges, pointing to the occurrence of autotrophic CO2 fixation processes during the migration of deep-sourced fluids towards the soil-air interface. On the other hand, (i) the δ13C-CH4 values (up to ~48‰ vs. V-PDB higher than those measured at the fumarolic emissions) of the interstitial soil gases and (ii) the comparison of the CO2/CH4 ratios between soil gases and fumarolic emissions suggested that the deep-sourced CH4 was partly consumed by methanotrophic activity, as supported by isotope fractionation modeling. These findings confirmed the key role that methanotrophs play in mitigating the release of geogenic greenhouse gases from volcanic and hydrothermal environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Venturi
- Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources (IGG), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via G. La Pira 4, 50121 Florence, Italy.
| | - F Tassi
- Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources (IGG), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via G. La Pira 4, 50121 Florence, Italy; Department of Earth Sciences, University of Florence, Via G. La Pira 4, 50121 Florence, Italy.
| | - F Magi
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Florence, Via G. La Pira 4, 50121 Florence, Italy.
| | - J Cabassi
- Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources (IGG), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via G. La Pira 4, 50121 Florence, Italy.
| | - A Ricci
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Porta S. Donato 1, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - F Capecchiacci
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Florence, Via G. La Pira 4, 50121 Florence, Italy.
| | - C Caponi
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Florence, Via G. La Pira 4, 50121 Florence, Italy.
| | - B Nisi
- Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources (IGG), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - O Vaselli
- Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources (IGG), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via G. La Pira 4, 50121 Florence, Italy; Department of Earth Sciences, University of Florence, Via G. La Pira 4, 50121 Florence, Italy.
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Blaser M, Conrad R. Stable carbon isotope fractionation as tracer of carbon cycling in anoxic soil ecosystems. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2016; 41:122-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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