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Eight new Halophytophthora species from marine and brackish-water ecosystems in Portugal and an updated phylogeny for the genus. Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi 2022. [DOI: 10.3767/persoonia.2022.48.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
During an oomycete survey in December 2015, 10 previously unknown Halophytophthora taxa were isolated from marine and brackish water of tidal ponds and channels in saltmarshes, lagoon ecosystems and river estuaries at seven sites along the Algarve coast in the South of Portugal. Phylogenetic analyses of LSU and ITS datasets, comprising all described Halophytophthora species, the 10 new Halophytophthora taxa and all relevant and distinctive sequences available from GenBank, provided an updated phylogeny of the genus Halophytophthora s.str. showing for the first time a structure of 10 clades designated as Clades 1–10. Nine of the 10 new Halophytophthora taxa resided in Clade 6 together with H. polymorphica and H. vesicula. Based on differences in morphology and temperature-growth relations and a multigene (LSU, ITS, Btub, hsp90, rpl10, tigA, cox1, nadh1, rps10) phylogeny, eight new Halophytophthora taxa from Portugal are described here as H. brevisporangia, H. celeris, H. frigida, H. lateralis, H. lusitanica, H. macrosporangia, H. sinuata and H. thermoambigua. Three species, H. frigida, H. macrosporangia and H. sinuata, have a homothallic breeding system while the remaining five species are sterile. Pathogenicity and litter decomposition tests are underway to clarify their pathological and ecological role in the marine and brackish-water ecosystems. More oomycete surveys in yet undersurveyed regions of the world and population genetic or phylogenomic analyses of global populations are needed to clarify the origin of the new Halophytophthora species.
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Caballol M, Štraus D, Macia H, Ramis X, Redondo MÁ, Oliva J. Halophytophthora fluviatilis Pathogenicity and Distribution along a Mediterranean-Subalpine Gradient. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7020112. [PMID: 33546355 PMCID: PMC7913473 DOI: 10.3390/jof7020112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Halophytophthora species have been traditionally regarded as brackish water oomycetes; however, recent reports in inland freshwater call for a better understanding of their ecology and possible pathogenicity. We studied the distribution of Halophytophthora fluviatilis in 117 forest streams by metabarcoding river filtrates taken in spring and autumn and by direct isolation from floating leaves. Pathogenicity on six Fagaceae species and Alnus glutinosa was assessed by stem inoculations. The distribution of H. fluviatilis was correlated with high mean annual temperatures (>93.5% of reports in Ta > 12.2 °C) and low precipitation records. H. fluviatilis was therefore widely distributed in forest streams in a warm–dry climate, but it was mostly absent in subalpine streams. H. fluviatilis was primarily detected in autumn with few findings in spring (28.4% vs. 2.7% of streams). H. fluviatilis was able to cause small lesions on some tree species such as Quercus pubescens, Q. suber and A. glutinosa. Our findings suggest that H. fluviatilis may be adapted to warm and dry conditions, and that it does not pose a significant threat to the most common Mediterranean broadleaved trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Caballol
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (D.Š.); (H.M.); (X.R.); (J.O.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Dora Štraus
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (D.Š.); (H.M.); (X.R.); (J.O.)
| | - Héctor Macia
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (D.Š.); (H.M.); (X.R.); (J.O.)
| | - Xavier Ramis
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (D.Š.); (H.M.); (X.R.); (J.O.)
| | - Miguel Á. Redondo
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Jonàs Oliva
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (D.Š.); (H.M.); (X.R.); (J.O.)
- Joint Research Unit CTFC-AGROTECNIO, 25198 Lleida, Spain
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Jesus AL, Marano AV, Gonçalves DR, Jerônimo GH, Pires-Zottarelli CLA. Two new species of Halophytophthora from Brazil. Mycol Prog 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-019-01523-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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4
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Caguimbal NALE, Devanadera MKP, Bennett RM, Arafiles KHV, Watanabe K, Aki T, Dedeles GR. Growth and fatty acid profiles of Halophytophthora vesicula and Salispina spinosa from Philippine mangrove leaves. Lett Appl Microbiol 2019; 69:221-228. [PMID: 31295355 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Studies on marine-sourced fatty acids have gathered significant interest recently as an important component of aquaculture feeds and of biofuel production. Of the organisms capable of producing fatty acids, marine oomycetes are promising model organisms. One group of marine oomycetes are the Halophytophthora spp. which is known to have an important role in leaf decomposition, thereby changing the plant debris into exudates which are usable to consumers in the mangrove ecosystems. This study reports the three mangrove oomycetes isolated from Philippine mangrove forests, identified herein as Halophytophthora vesicula AK1YB2 (Aklan), H. vesicula PQ1YB3 (Quezon) and Salispina spinosa ST1YB3 (Davao del Norte). These isolates were subjected to growth analyses using varying incubation parameters (salinity level and pH), and for fatty acid production. Results revealed the presence of different fatty acids such as Arachidonic acid, Linoleic acid and Vaccenic acid when grown on V8S and PYGS media. This study is the first observation of fatty acids from S. spinosa and H. vesicula from the Philippines. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Tropical Philippines straddling west of the Pacific Ocean and East of South China Sea is rich in marine and estuarine oomycetes. These micro-organisms, hitherto poorly known and unstudied in the country, play an important role in the nutritive cycle of the mangrove ecosystem. Due to the increasing demand for an alternative source of fatty acids, species of Oomycetes isolated from select mangrove forests in Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao were analysed for their fatty acid contents. Prospects for industrially-important fatty acids make these Oomycetes all-important to study in applied microbiology in the Philippine setting where these structurally simple micro-organisms abound.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A L E Caguimbal
- The Graduate School, Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines.,Laboratory of Pure and Applied Microbiology, Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - M K P Devanadera
- Laboratory of Pure and Applied Microbiology, Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - R M Bennett
- University of Santo Tomas Collection of Microbial Strains, Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines.,Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - K H V Arafiles
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - K Watanabe
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - T Aki
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - G R Dedeles
- The Graduate School, Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines.,Laboratory of Pure and Applied Microbiology, Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines.,University of Santo Tomas Collection of Microbial Strains, Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines.,Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
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5
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Celio DA, Padgett DE. An Improved Method of Quantifying Water Mold Spores in Natural Water Columns. Mycologia 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00275514.1989.12025768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. A. Celio
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina 28403
| | - D. E. Padgett
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina 28403
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Ho HH, Nakagiri A, Newell SY. A New Species ofHalophytophthorafrom Atlantic and Pacific Subtropical Islands. Mycologia 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00275514.1992.12026176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. H. Ho
- Department of Biology, State University of New York, New Paltz, New York 12561
| | - A. Nakagiri
- Institute for Fermentation, Osaka, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532, Japan
| | - S. Y. Newell
- University of Georgia Marine Institute, Sapelo Island, Georgia 31327
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7
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Newell SY, Fell JW. Cues for zoospore release by marine oomycotes in naturally decaying submerged leaves. Mycologia 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00275514.1996.12026733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Y. Newell
- Marine Institute, University of Georgia, Sapelo Island, Georgia 31327
| | - Jack W. Fell
- Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, Florida 33149-1098
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Bennett RM, Devanadera MK, Dedeles GR. A revision of Salispina, its placement in a new family, Salispinaceae ( Rhipidiales), and description of a fourth species, S. hoi sp. nov. IMA Fungus 2018; 9:259-269. [PMID: 30622882 PMCID: PMC6317584 DOI: 10.5598/imafungus.2018.09.02.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Salispina was recently described for saprotrophic estuarine oomycetes with aculeolate or spiny sporangia. The genus currently contains three species, S. intermedia, S. lobata, and S. spinosa, the latter two previously included in Halophytophthora. During a survey of mangrove-inhabiting oomycetes in the Philippines, an isolate of Salispina (USTCMS 1611), was obtained from a decaying mangrove leaf. This isolate differed from other species in the genus in a unique combination of morphological and biological characters. Phylogenetic analysis revealed it to be the sister lineage of S. lobata. Consequently, the new species name S. hoi is introduced for the isolate. In addition, Salispina spp. grouped with Sapromyces of Rhipidiales with strong support, but differs from all other known genera of the order in the weak formation of hyphal constrictions, and absence of basal thalli and a holdfast network. The new family Salispinaceae is, therefore, described to accommodate Salispina in the order Rhipidiales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reuel M Bennett
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Integrative Fungal Research Cluster (IPF), Georg-Voigt-Str. 14-16, D-60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mark Kevin Devanadera
- Department of Biological Sciences-College of Science, Department of Biochemistry-Faculty of Pharmacy, and UST Collection of Microbial Strains (USTCMS), Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1015, Philippines
| | - Gina R Dedeles
- Department of Biological Sciences-College of Science, Department of Biochemistry-Faculty of Pharmacy, and UST Collection of Microbial Strains (USTCMS), Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1015, Philippines
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Integrative Fungal Research Cluster (IPF), Georg-Voigt-Str. 14-16, D-60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Phuphumirat W, Ferguson DK, Gleason FH. The colonization of palynomorphs by chytrids and thraustochytrids during pre–depositional taphonomic processes in tropical mangrove ecosystems. FUNGAL ECOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Pang KL, Lin HJ, Lin HY, Huang YF, Chen YM. Production of arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids by the marine oomycete Halophytophthora. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2015; 17:121-129. [PMID: 25119161 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-014-9600-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are fatty acids with more than one double bond in the chemical structure. Arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4 (n-6)) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 22:5 (n-3)) are common PUFAs with beneficial health effects. Marine fish and meat are the main sources of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids in human's diet, respectively. In particular, there is a general decline in fish catch, implicating the need for an alternative source of omega-3 fatty acids. Previous studies have examined the production of polyunsaturated fatty acids including ARA and EPA by various microorganisms, including microalgae, fungi, and thraustochytrids. In this study, the production of ARA and EPA by 10 isolates of four estuarine Halophytophthora species (Halophytophthora avicenniae, Halophytophthora polymorphica, Halophytophthora vesicula, and Halophytophthora spinosa var. spinosa) cultured from fallen mangrove leaves in Taiwan was examined. The yield of ARA ranged from 0.004 to 0.052 g/L with the highest yield of ARA obtained from H. spinosa var. spinosa IMB162, but no or a very low level of EPA was produced by IMB162. For EPA production by Halophytophthora spp., the yield ranged from 0 to 0.047 g/L. Percentage of ARA in total fatty acid ranged between 7.16 and 25.02%. One-way ANOVA analysis using Tukey Test (p ≥ 0.05) suggested that there is significant difference in the percentage of EPA in total fatty acid produced by the isolates, which ranged from 0.01 to 18.42%. BODIPY 505/515 fluorescent staining suggests that lipid bodies were evenly distributed in the mycelia of Halophytophthora species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka-Lai Pang
- Institute of Marine Biology and Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2 Pei-Ning Road, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan, Republic of China,
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Kamat S, Gaikwad S, Ravi Kumar A, Gade W. Xylitol production by Cyberlindnera
(Williopsis) saturnus
, a tropical mangrove yeast from xylose and corn cob hydrolysate. J Appl Microbiol 2013; 115:1357-67. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Kamat
- Department of Biotechnology; University of Pune; Pune India
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology; University of Pune; Pune India
| | - S. Gaikwad
- Division of Biochemical Sciences; National Chemical Laboratory; Pune India
| | - A. Ravi Kumar
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology; University of Pune; Pune India
| | - W.N. Gade
- Department of Biotechnology; University of Pune; Pune India
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Hingamp P, Grimsley N, Acinas SG, Clerissi C, Subirana L, Poulain J, Ferrera I, Sarmento H, Villar E, Lima-Mendez G, Faust K, Sunagawa S, Claverie JM, Moreau H, Desdevises Y, Bork P, Raes J, de Vargas C, Karsenti E, Kandels-Lewis S, Jaillon O, Not F, Pesant S, Wincker P, Ogata H. Exploring nucleo-cytoplasmic large DNA viruses in Tara Oceans microbial metagenomes. ISME JOURNAL 2013; 7:1678-95. [PMID: 23575371 PMCID: PMC3749498 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2013.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nucleo-cytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDVs) constitute a group of eukaryotic viruses that can have crucial ecological roles in the sea by accelerating the turnover of their unicellular hosts or by causing diseases in animals. To better characterize the diversity, abundance and biogeography of marine NCLDVs, we analyzed 17 metagenomes derived from microbial samples (0.2–1.6 μm size range) collected during the Tara Oceans Expedition. The sample set includes ecosystems under-represented in previous studies, such as the Arabian Sea oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) and Indian Ocean lagoons. By combining computationally derived relative abundance and direct prokaryote cell counts, the abundance of NCLDVs was found to be in the order of 104–105 genomes ml−1 for the samples from the photic zone and 102–103 genomes ml−1 for the OMZ. The Megaviridae and Phycodnaviridae dominated the NCLDV populations in the metagenomes, although most of the reads classified in these families showed large divergence from known viral genomes. Our taxon co-occurrence analysis revealed a potential association between viruses of the Megaviridae family and eukaryotes related to oomycetes. In support of this predicted association, we identified six cases of lateral gene transfer between Megaviridae and oomycetes. Our results suggest that marine NCLDVs probably outnumber eukaryotic organisms in the photic layer (per given water mass) and that metagenomic sequence analyses promise to shed new light on the biodiversity of marine viruses and their interactions with potential hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Hingamp
- CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Laboratoire Information Génomique et Structurale (UMR 7256), Mediterranean Institute of Microbiology (FR 3479), Marseille, France
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Zoospore production and motility of mangrove thraustochytrids from Hong Kong under various salinities. MYCOSCIENCE 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10267-011-0127-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Arfi Y, Buée M, Marchand C, Levasseur A, Record E. Multiple markers pyrosequencing reveals highly diverse and host-specific fungal communities on the mangrove trees Avicennia marina and Rhizophora stylosa. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2011; 79:433-44. [PMID: 22092266 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2011.01236.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Revised: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi are important actors in ecological processes and trophic webs in mangroves. Although saprophytic fungi occurring in the intertidal part of mangrove have been well studied, little is known about the diversity and structure of the fungal communities in this ecosystem or about the importance of functional groups like pathogens and mutualists. Using tag-encoded 454 pyrosequencing of the ITS1, ITS2, nu-ssu-V5 and nu-ssu-V7 regions, we studied and compared the fungal communities found on the marine and aerial parts of Avicennia marina and Rhizophora stylosa trees in a mangrove in New Caledonia. A total of 209,544 reads were analysed, corresponding to several thousand molecular operational taxonomic units (OTU). There is a marked zonation in the species distribution, with most of the OTU being found specifically in one of the microhabitat studied. Ascomycetes are the dominant phylum (82%), Basidiomycetes are very rare (3%), and 15% of the sequences correspond to unknown taxa. Our results indicate that host specificity is a key factor in the distribution of the highly diverse fungal communities, in both the aerial and intertidal parts of the trees. This study also validates the usefulness of multiple markers in tag-encoded pyrosequencing to consolidate and refine the assessment of the taxonomic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonathan Arfi
- INRA, UMR1163 - Biotechnologie des Champignons Filamenteux, ESIL, Marseille Cedex 09, France.
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Raghukumar S. Ecology of the marine protists, the Labyrinthulomycetes (Thraustochytrids and Labyrinthulids). Eur J Protistol 2002. [DOI: 10.1078/0932-4739-00832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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16
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Nakagiri A, Ito T, Manoch L, Tanticharoen M. A new Halophytophthora species, H. porrigovesica, from subtropical and tropical mangroves. MYCOSCIENCE 2001. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02463973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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17
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Zoosporangium development, zoospore release and culture properties of Halophytophthora mycoparasitica. MYCOSCIENCE 1998. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02464002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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18
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Tropical mangrove leaf litter fungi in Singapore with an emphasis on Halophytophthora. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1017/s0953756296002250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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19
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Newell SY, Fell JW. Do halophytophthoras (marine Pythiaceae) rapidly occupy fallen leaves by intraleaf mycelial growth. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1139/b95-083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Low estimates (2 ∙ L−1) of concentrations of zoospores of Halophytophthora in mangrove water columns seem counterintuitive when compared with rapid rates of occupation of fallen mangrove leaves (100% frequency of occurrence after 24–30 h). One potential explanation is that lateral extension of mycelium within leaves is rapid after establishment of single zoospores. We tested this hypothesis by exposing single leaves in both mangrove and temperate salt-marsh ecosystems, with the upper half of leaves freely exposed to zoospore contact, and the lower half protected behind 8-μm screening. We found no evidence that mycelial growth within leaves was rapid enough to account for the rapid occupation of freely exposed leaves. Of the four Halophytophthora species commonly found (H. kandeliae, H. masteri, H. spinosa var. spinosa, and H. vesicula), only H. masteri appeared to have substantial capability for its zoospores to pass the screening. In temperate salt-marsh waters, H. kandeliae took the place of H. spinosa as co-occupier of leaves with H. vesicula. Two rare species (H. bahamensis and H. epistomium) originally described from subtropical mangrove environs were found in temperate salt-marsh samples. Key words: oomycotes, oomycetes, Halophytophthora, mangrove, salt marsh.
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Padgett D, Posey M. An evaluation of the efficiencies of several ergosterol extraction techniques. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0953-7562(09)80220-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Newell S, Fell J. Distribution and experimental responses to substrate of marine oomycetes (Halophytophthora spp.) in mangrove ecosystems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0953-7562(09)81030-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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