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Khanna K, Kohli SK, Sharma N, Kour J, Devi K, Bhardwaj T, Dhiman S, Singh AD, Sharma N, Sharma A, Ohri P, Bhardwaj R, Ahmad P, Alam P, Albalawi TH. Phytomicrobiome communications: Novel implications for stress resistance in plants. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:912701. [PMID: 36274695 PMCID: PMC9583171 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.912701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The agricultural sector is a foremost contributing factor in supplying food at the global scale. There are plethora of biotic as well as abiotic stressors that act as major constraints for the agricultural sector in terms of global food demand, quality, and security. Stresses affect rhizosphere and their communities, root growth, plant health, and productivity. They also alter numerous plant physiological and metabolic processes. Moreover, they impact transcriptomic and metabolomic changes, causing alteration in root exudates and affecting microbial communities. Since the evolution of hazardous pesticides and fertilizers, productivity has experienced elevation but at the cost of impeding soil fertility thereby causing environmental pollution. Therefore, it is crucial to develop sustainable and safe means for crop production. The emergence of various pieces of evidence depicting the alterations and abundance of microbes under stressed conditions proved to be beneficial and outstanding for maintaining plant legacy and stimulating their survival. Beneficial microbes offer a great potential for plant growth during stresses in an economical manner. Moreover, they promote plant growth with regulating phytohormones, nutrient acquisition, siderophore synthesis, and induce antioxidant system. Besides, acquired or induced systemic resistance also counteracts biotic stresses. The phytomicrobiome exploration is crucial to determine the growth-promoting traits, colonization, and protection of plants from adversities caused by stresses. Further, the intercommunications among rhizosphere through a direct/indirect manner facilitate growth and form complex network. The phytomicrobiome communications are essential for promoting sustainable agriculture where microbes act as ecological engineers for environment. In this review, we have reviewed our building knowledge about the role of microbes in plant defense and stress-mediated alterations within the phytomicrobiomes. We have depicted the defense biome concept that infers the design of phytomicrobiome communities and their fundamental knowledge about plant-microbe interactions for developing plant probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Khanna
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
- Department of Microbiology, DAV University, Jalandhar, India
| | - Sukhmeen Kaur Kohli
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Nandni Sharma
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Jaspreet Kour
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Kamini Devi
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Tamanna Bhardwaj
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Shalini Dhiman
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Arun Dev Singh
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Neerja Sharma
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Anket Sharma
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Puja Ohri
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany, S.P. College Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Pravej Alam
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamer H. Albalawi
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
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Liu H, Li J, Carvalhais LC, Percy CD, Prakash Verma J, Schenk PM, Singh BK. Evidence for the plant recruitment of beneficial microbes to suppress soil-borne pathogens. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:2873-2885. [PMID: 33131088 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
An emerging experimental framework suggests that plants under biotic stress may actively seek help from soil microbes, but empirical evidence underlying such a 'cry for help' strategy is limited. We used integrated microbial community profiling, pathogen and plant transcriptive gene quantification and culture-based methods to systematically investigate a three-way interaction between the wheat plant, wheat-associated microbiomes and Fusarium pseudograminearum (Fp). A clear enrichment of a dominant bacterium, Stenotrophomonas rhizophila (SR80), was observed in both the rhizosphere and root endosphere of Fp-infected wheat. SR80 reached 3.7 × 107 cells g-1 in the rhizosphere and accounted for up to 11.4% of the microbes in the root endosphere. Its abundance had a positive linear correlation with the pathogen load at base stems and expression of multiple defence genes in top leaves. Upon re-introduction in soils, SR80 enhanced plant growth, both the below-ground and above-ground, and induced strong disease resistance by boosting plant defence in the above-ground plant parts, but only when the pathogen was present. Together, the bacterium SR80 seems to have acted as an early warning system for plant defence. This work provides novel evidence for the potential protection of plants against pathogens by an enriched beneficial microbe via modulation of the plant immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Liu
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2753, Australia
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Qld, 4072, Australia
| | - Jiayu Li
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2753, Australia
| | - Lilia C Carvalhais
- Centre for Horticultural Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Qld, 4102, Australia
| | - Cassandra D Percy
- Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Qld, 4350, Australia
| | - Jay Prakash Verma
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Peer M Schenk
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Qld, 4072, Australia
| | - Brajesh K Singh
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2753, Australia
- Global Centre for Land-Based Innovation, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2753, Australia
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Zeinhom MMA, Hassan GM, Salem HAM, Corke H. Prevalence and Survival of Stenotrophomonas Species in Milk and Dairy Products in Egypt. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2021; 18:337-345. [PMID: 33625272 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2020.2893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a nosocomial, multidrug-resistant pathogen that causes significant economic losses in milk production and deterioration of dairy product quality. This study investigates the prevalence and the survival of S. maltophilia under different food preservation conditions. A total of 240 samples, including farm-sourced milk, dairy shop purchased milk, Kareish cheese, Domiati cheese, ice cream, yoghurt, cooking butter, and unpasteurized cream were collected from various locations in Beni-Suef Governorate, Egypt. Thirty samples of each product were analyzed by standard biochemical tests for the presence of Stenotrophomonas spp., which was isolated from 36% (87/240) of the examined samples. The highest prevalence was observed in ice cream (80%), followed by unpasteurized cream (67%), whereas the lowest incidence was in Domiati cheese (3.3%). S. maltophilia, identified by PCR, was found only in unpasteurized cream (13%), cooking butter (10%), ice cream (6.7%), and dairy shop milk (3.3%). We also studied the viability of S. maltophilia in laboratory manufactured cream, butter, and cheese under different preservation conditions. S. maltophilia was able to survive for 30, 30, 28, 30, and 8 d in the inoculated cream, butter 0% salt, butter 3% salt, cheese 0% salt, and cheese 6% salt, respectively. Thus, S. maltophilia was able to survive more than predicted in all products in this study. This suggests that strains of S. maltophilia may develop adaptive strategies that enable survival under different food preservation conditions, which contradicts previous knowledge about the sensitivity of this microbe to environmental stress conditions. Our overall aim was to draw attention to the prevalence and future potential for increased public health significance of Stenotrophomonas spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M A Zeinhom
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Gamal M Hassan
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Heba A M Salem
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.,Veterinarian at Police Clubs and Hotels, Beni-Suef Governorate, Egypt
| | - Harold Corke
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Liu H, Brettell LE, Qiu Z, Singh BK. Microbiome-Mediated Stress Resistance in Plants. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 25:733-743. [PMID: 32345569 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants are subjected to diverse biotic and abiotic stresses in life. These can induce changes in transcriptomics and metabolomics, resulting in changes to root and leaf exudates and, in turn, altering the plant-associated microbial community. Emerging evidence demonstrates that changes, especially the increased abundance of commensal microbes following stresses, can be beneficial for plant survival and act as a legacy, enhancing offspring fitness. However, outstanding questions remain regarding the microbial role in plant defense, many of which may now be answered utilizing a novel synthetic community approach. In this article, building on our current understanding on stress-induced changes in plant microbiomes, we propose a 'DefenseBiome' concept that informs the design and construction of beneficial microbial synthetic communities for improving fundamental understanding of plant-microbial interactions and the development of plant probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Liu
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2753, Australia
| | - Laura E Brettell
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2753, Australia
| | - Zhiguang Qiu
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2753, Australia
| | - Brajesh K Singh
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2753, Australia; Global Centre for Land-Based Innovation, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2753, Australia.
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Adegoke AA, Okoh AI. Antibiogram of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Isolated From Nkonkobe Municipality, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2014; 8:e13975. [PMID: 25789125 PMCID: PMC4350050 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.13975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Assessment of resistance genes is imperative, as they become disseminated to bacterial flora in plants and to the indigenous bacterial community, and thus ultimately contributes to the clinical problems of antibiotic resistant pathogens. Objectives: The research was to assess the antibiotic characteristics and incidence of sul3 genes of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates recovered from rhizospheres plant in Nkonkobe Municipality. Materials and Methods: Identification and assessment of resistance genes (sul2 and sul3 genes) were carried out using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Analytical profile index (API) was used for biochemical characterization for identification before the PCR. Antibiotic susceptibility test was carried out using the approved guidelines and standards of Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI). Results: A total of 125 isolates were identified, composed of 120 (96%) from grass root rhizosphere and 5 (4%) from soil butternut root rhizosphere. In vitro antibiotic susceptibility tests showed varying resistances to meropenem (8.9%), cefuroxime (95.6 %), ampicillin-sulbactam (53.9%), ceftazidime (10.7%), cefepime (29.3 %), minocycline (2.2%), kanamycin (56.9%), ofloxacin (2.9%), levofloxacin (1.3%), moxifloxacin (2.8%), ciprofloxacin (24.3%), gatifloxacin (1.3%), polymyxin B (2.9 %), cotrimoxazole (26.1%), trimethoprim (98.6%) and aztreonam (58%). The isolates were susceptible to the fluoroquinolones (74.3-94.7%), polymycin (97.1%) and meropenem (88.1%). The newest sulphonamide resistance gene, sul3, was detected among the trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (cotrimoxazole)-resistant isolates, while the most frequent sulphonamide-resistant gene in animal source isolates, sul2, was not. Conclusions: The commensal S. maltophilia isolates in the Nkonkobe Municipality environment harbored the resistant gene sul3 as clinical counterparts, especially from the perspective of reservoirs of antibiotic resistance determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Ayodeji Adegoke
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
- Corresponding author: Anthony Ayodeji Adegoke, Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa. Tel: +27-732387411, E-mail:
| | - Anthony I. Okoh
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
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Krageschmidt DA, Kubly AF, Browning MS, Wright AJ, Lonneman JD, Detmer MJ, McCoy WF. A comprehensive water management program for multicampus healthcare facilities. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014; 35:556-63. [PMID: 24709725 DOI: 10.1086/675822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Develop and implement an effective program for hazard analysis and control of waterborne pathogens at a multicampus hospital with clinics. DESIGN A longitudinal study. Several-year study including analysis of results from monitoring and tests of 26 building water systems. SETTING Outpatient and inpatient healthcare facilities network. METHODS The hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) process was used to develop a water management program (WMP) for the hospital campuses. The HACCP method systematically addressed 3 questions: (1) What are the potential waterborne hazards in the building water systems of these facilities? (2) How are the hazards being controlled? (3) How do we know that the hazards have been controlled? Microbiological and chemical tests of building water samples were used to validate the performance of the WMP; disease surveillance data further validated effective hazard control. RESULTS Hazard analysis showed that waterborne pathogens were generally in good control and that the water quality was good in all facilities. The hospital network has had several legionellosis cases that were identified as presumptive hospital acquired, but none was confirmed or substantiated by water testing in follow-up investigations. Building water system studies unrelated to these cases showed that pressure tanks and electronic automatic faucets required additional hazard control. CONCLUSIONS Application of the HACCP process for long-term building water systems management was practical and effective. The need for critical control point management of temperature, flow, and oxidant (chlorine) residual concentration was emphasized. The process resulted in discovery of water system components requiring additional hazard control.
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Schwering M, Song J, Louie M, Turner RJ, Ceri H. Multi-species biofilms defined from drinking water microorganisms provide increased protection against chlorine disinfection. BIOFOULING 2013; 29:917-28. [PMID: 23879183 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2013.816298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A model biofilm, formed of multiple species from environmental drinking water, including opportunistic pathogens, was created to explore the tolerance of multi-species biofilms to chlorine levels typical of water-distribution systems. All species, when grown planktonically, were killed by concentrations of chlorine within the World Health Organization guidelines (0.2-5.0 mg l(-1)). Higher concentrations (1.6-40-fold) of chlorine were required to eradicate biofilm populations of these strains, ~70% of biofilms tested were not eradicated by 5.0 mg l(-1) chlorine. Pathogenic bacteria within the model multi-species biofilms had an even more substantial increase in chlorine tolerance; on average ~700-1100 mg l(-1) chlorine was required to eliminate pathogens from the biofilm, 50-300-fold higher than for biofilms comprising single species. Confocal laser scanning microscopy of biofilms showed distinct 3D structures and multiple cell morphologies and arrangements. Overall, this study showed a substantial increase in the chlorine tolerance of individual species with co-colonization in a multi-species biofilm that was far beyond that expected as a result of biofilm growth on its own.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Schwering
- Department of Biological Sciences, Biofilm Research Group, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Risk factors influencing mortality related to Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection in hematology-oncology patients. Int J Hematol 2013; 97:414-20. [PMID: 23430671 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-013-1296-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection is of concern in patients with cancer. Antibiotics active against S. maltophilia are rarely used in the treatment of febrile neutropenia, making it important to identify the factors influencing mortality in cancer patients with S. maltophilia infection. The objective of this study was to analyze the clinical characteristics and outcomes of cancer and hemopathic patients with S. maltophilia infection and assess the factors influencing the mortality. The microbiology laboratory records of Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine Hospital were reviewed to retrospectively identify patients with S. maltophilia infection between January 2007 and June 2011. A total of 38 patients (25 male, 13 female) were eligible for the study. The median age of the patients was 53 years. The underlying disease was hematological malignancy and disorders in 76.3 % (29 cases), solid tumors in 15.8 % (six cases), aplastic anemia in 7.9 % (three cases), while 18.4 % (seven cases) were hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients. An indwelling central venous catheter was used in 32 cases (84.2 %). Twenty-seven patients (71.1 %) were neutropenic at the onset of infection. Nine patients (23.7 %) were receiving corticosteroid therapy. The overall 14-day mortality rate was 50 %. Three of the patients received empirical antibacterial treatment, and three HSCT recipients received trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis, which is active against S. maltophilia. Severe sepsis (OR 13.24, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.62-108.57) and the duration of the treatment (OR 0.73, 95 % CI 0.60-0.90) were related to death based on logistic regression analysis findings. In immunocompromised hematology-oncology patients with severe sepsis, S. maltophilia should be considered as a possible cause of infection, and should be given effective empirical antibiotic treatment immediately; the antimicrobial spectrum may be narrowed according to results of antibiotic susceptibility test.
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Settanni L, Miceli A, Francesca N, Cruciata M, Moschetti G. Microbiological investigation of Raphanus sativus L. grown hydroponically in nutrient solutions contaminated with spoilage and pathogenic bacteria. Int J Food Microbiol 2012; 160:344-52. [PMID: 23290244 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2012.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 09/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The survival of eight undesired (spoilage/pathogenic) food related bacteria (Citrobacter freundii PSS60, Enterobacter spp. PSS11, Escherichia coli PSS2, Klebsiella oxytoca PSS82, Serratia grimesii PSS72, Pseudomonas putida PSS21, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia PSS52 and Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19114(T)) was investigated in mineral nutrient solution (MNS) during the crop cycle of radishes (Raphanus sativus L.) cultivated in hydroponics in a greenhouse. MNSs were microbiologically analyzed weekly by plate count. The evolution of the pure cultures was also evaluated in sterile MNS in test tubes. The inoculated trials contained an initial total mesophilic count (TMC) ranging between 6.69 and 7.78Log CFU/mL, while non-sterile and sterile control trials showed levels of 4.39 and 0.97Log CFU/mL, respectively. In general, all inoculated trials showed similar levels of TMC in MNS during the experimentation, even though the levels of the inoculated bacteria decreased. The presence of the inoculums was ascertained by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis applied on the isolates collected at 7-day intervals. At harvest, MNSs were also analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The last analysis, except P. putida PSS21 in the corresponding trial, did not detect the other bacteria, but confirmed that pseudomonads were present in un-inoculated MNSs. Despite the high counts detected (6.44 and 7.24CFU/g), only C. freundii PSS60, Enterobacter spp. PSS11 and K. oxytoca PSS82 were detected in radishes in a living form, suggesting their internalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Settanni
- DEMETRA Department, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze 4, Palermo, Italy.
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Adamek M, Overhage J, Bathe S, Winter J, Fischer R, Schwartz T. Genotyping of environmental and clinical Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates and their pathogenic potential. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27615. [PMID: 22110692 PMCID: PMC3216982 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a highly versatile species with useful biotechnological potential but also with pathogenic properties. In light of possible differences in virulence characteristics, knowledge about genomic subgroups is therefore desirable. Two different genotyping methods, rep-PCR fingerprinting and partial gyrB gene sequencing were used to elucidate S. maltophilia intraspecies diversity. Rep-PCR fingerprinting revealed the presence of 12 large subgroups, while gyrB gene sequencing distinguished 10 subgroups. For 8 of them, the same strain composition was shown with both typing methods. A subset of 59 isolates representative for the gyrB groups was further investigated with regards to their pathogenic properties in a virulence model using Dictyostelium discoideum and Acanthamoeba castellanii as host organisms. A clear tendency towards accumulation of virulent strains could be observed for one group with A. castellanii and for two groups with D. discoideum. Several virulent strains did not cluster in any of the genetic groups, while other groups displayed no virulence properties at all. The amoeba pathogenicity model proved suitable in showing differences in S. maltophilia virulence. However, the model is still not sufficient to completely elucidate virulence as critical for a human host, since several strains involved in human infections did not show any virulence against amoeba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Adamek
- Microbiology of Natural and Technical Interfaces Department, Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jörg Overhage
- Microbiology of Natural and Technical Interfaces Department, Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - Josef Winter
- Department of Biology for Engineers and Biotechnology of Wastewater Treatment (IBA), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Reinhard Fischer
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Thomas Schwartz
- Microbiology of Natural and Technical Interfaces Department, Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Pinot C, Deredjian A, Nazaret S, Brothier E, Cournoyer B, Segonds C, Favre-Bonté S. Identification of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strains isolated from environmental and clinical samples: a rapid and efficient procedure. J Appl Microbiol 2011; 111:1185-93. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.05120.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hayward A, Fegan N, Fegan M, Stirling G. Stenotrophomonas
and
Lysobacter
: ubiquitous plant‐associated
gamma‐
proteobacteria of developing significance in applied microbiology. J Appl Microbiol 2010; 108:756-770. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04471.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A.C. Hayward
- School of Chemistry and Molecular BioSciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, Australia
| | - N. Fegan
- Food Science Australia, Werribee, Vic, Australia
| | - M. Fegan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular BioSciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, Australia
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[A sensitive, specific and predictive isolation medium developed for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia study in healthcare settings]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 58:11-7. [PMID: 19892479 DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2009.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2009] [Accepted: 07/12/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (Smalto) is a prominent nosocomial pathogen, commonly isolated in the hospital environment. Multiple Smalto nosocomial outbreaks have been linked to contaminated water sources. This study aimed to develop a medium able to ease healthcare environment Smalto isolation. METHODS Financed, from March 2007 to June 2008, by a university hospital of Amiens' clinical research program, this study allowed Stenotrophomonas maltophilia selective medium with coloured indicator (SM2i) development. SM2i is constituted of Mueller Hinton agar (MH), maltose, DL-methionine, bromothymol blue. The mixture sterilized is refreshed at 50 degrees C, its pH adjusted to 7.1, and render selective by addition of vancomycin, imipenem and amphotericin B. Then, SM2i agar is sunk into 90 cm diameter Petri dish dated and stored at 4 degrees C for 4 weeks. SM2i is developed using Pasteur Institute culture type collection (CIP) strains of Smalto, Burkholderia cepacia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Psa) and a Smalto strain of our hygiene laboratory collection. It was validate on Psa imipenem-resistant and Enterococcus faecium vancomycin-resistant strains, then, tested on cold water first jet and faucet cotton-swabs samples. SM2i tests were made in comparison with the MH agar, MH agar plus four paper disks loaded 10 microg of imipenem and Cetrimed agar. Its sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive values, accuracy, likehood-ratio (LR) and Youden index have been determined. RESULTS SM2i agar is better in culturing Smalto test-strains. On SM2i, Smalto colonies are smooth, round, greeny, olive or lime green, have a green olive centre with a peripheral lighter or a dark green centre with an olive green suburb surrounded by a blue halo. SM2i is a selective, specific, predictive, accurate medium to search for Smalto in healthcare environment. In 122 pairs of cold water first jet and taps cotton-swabs samples, Smalto was isolated from 14.8% of water samples, 10.7% of cotton-swabs samples. It was isolated alone in 6.6% of water samples and 2.5% of swab samples. Thus, smalto has biocontaminated 17.2% of cold water taps. Compared to MH agar, SM2i sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, accuracy, LR were 100, 100, 100, 100, 100% and infinity, and 87.5, 100, 100, 98.1, 98.4% and infinity for water and cotton-swabs samples respectively. CONCLUSION SM2i is a selective, specific, predictive medium which can allow easily isolating and identifying accurately Smalto in environmental samples. Its evaluation on clinical samples is on going.
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Hu RM, Chiang KH, Chang YC, Yang TC. Characterization of the charge variants of L2 beta-lactamase in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. J Med Microbiol 2009; 58:318-321. [PMID: 19208880 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000380-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia KH has two acid beta-lactamases with isoelectric points (pIs) of 4.6 and 5.4, and several basic beta-lactamases (pIs >7.0) that produce a ladder-shaped pattern by IEF. An isogenic L2 mutant, KHL2(xylE), was constructed by gene replacement. From IEF and native PAGE zymograms of strains KH and KHL2(xylE), it was demonstrated that the basic beta-lactamases and the acid beta-lactamase with pI 5.4 are encoded by the same L2 gene and that the active types of these L2 charge variants were dependent on the buffer pH. The beta-lactamase activities of these L2 charge variants in phosphate buffer at pH 7.0 and 8.0 were 1075+/-29 and 1114+/-81 U mg(-1), respectively. These results indicate that L2 charge variants give S. maltophilia a better chance of adapting and surviving in response to changes in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouh-Mei Hu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kai-Hung Chiang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Chih Chang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tsuey-Ching Yang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, ROC
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15
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Lin CW, Chiou CS, Chang YC, Yang TC. Comparison of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and three rep-PCR methods for evaluating the genetic relatedness of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates. Lett Appl Microbiol 2009; 47:393-8. [PMID: 19146527 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2008.02443.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS In this study, three facile repetitive-sequence PCR (rep-PCR) techniques have been compared with the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) method for differentiating the genetic relatedness of clinical Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates. METHODS AND RESULTS The dendrograms of 20 S. maltophilia isolates were constructed based on the data obtained from PFGE and three PCR-based methods, i.e. enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-PCR (ERIC-PCR), BOX-PCR and repetitive extragenic palindromic-PCR (REP-PCR). When compared with PFGE, ERIC-PCR displayed a much lower discriminatory power, whereas BOX-PCR and REP-PCR had a comparable discriminatory power for close genetic-related isolates. CONCLUSION BOX-PCR and REP-PCR can be convenient and effective methods for evaluating the close genetic relatedness of clinical S. maltophilia isolates. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY A rapid method for determining S. maltophilia's close genetic relatedness provides a convenient tool for understanding the epidemiology of S. maltophilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-W Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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16
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Díaz K, Valiente C, Martínez M, Castillo M, Sanfuentes E. Root-promoting rhizobacteria in Eucalyptus globulus cuttings. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-009-9961-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Dai YJ, Yuan S, Ge F, Chen T, Xu SC, Ni JP. Microbial hydroxylation of imidacloprid for the synthesis of highly insecticidal olefin imidacloprid. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2005; 71:927-34. [PMID: 16307271 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-005-0223-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2005] [Revised: 10/10/2005] [Accepted: 10/17/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms that bring about the aerobic transformation of imidacloprid (IMI) were isolated and screened, and the microbial regio- and stereoselective hydroxylation of IMI was studied. Some bacteria and fungi transformed IMI to 5-hydroxyl IMI. Bacterium Stenotrophomonas maltophilia CGMCC 1.1788 resting cells transformed IMI into R-5-hydroxyl IMI at the highest conversion rate. The enzyme catalyzed the stereoselective hydroxylation at position C12 of IMI in the imidazolidine ring. Under acidic conditions, 5-hydroxyl IMI was converted into olefin IMI in high molar conversion yield. The olefin IMI exhibited about 19 and 2.2 times more insecticidal efficacy than IMI against horsebean aphid imago and nymph, respectively, and about 1.4 times more active than IMI against brown planthopper imago. The transformation rate of IMI by resting cells of S. maltophilia CGMCC 1.1788 was promoted significantly by some carbohydrates and organic acids. The reaction medium with 5% sucrose resulted in 8.3 times greater biotransformation yield as compared with that without sucrose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-jun Dai
- Jiangsu Key Lab for Bioresource Technology, Key Lab for Microbial Technology in College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210097, PR China
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18
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Dunne C, Moënne-Loccoz Y, de Bruijn FJ, O'Gara F. Overproduction of an inducible extracellular serine protease improves biological control of Pythium ultimum by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain W81. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2000; 146 ( Pt 8):2069-2078. [PMID: 10931911 DOI: 10.1099/00221287-146-8-2069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia W81 can protect sugar beet against PYTHIUM:-mediated damping-off disease through the production of an extracellular protease. Here, the proteolytic enzyme of W81 was purified by anion-exchange chromatography and characterized as a serine protease. The purified enzyme was fungicidal against PYTHIUM: ultimum in vitro. Its synthesis was inducible by casein in W81, and mutagenesis of this strain using the luciferase (luxAB) reporter transposon Tn5-764cd resulted in the isolation of two mutant derivatives (W81M3 and W81M4) capable of producing significantly increased levels of extracellular protease in the presence of casein. Strain W81M4 also exhibited increased chitinolytic activity. The luxAB fusions in strains W81M3 and W81M4 were highly expressed in the absence of casein but not in its presence, suggesting that the corresponding loci were involved in down-regulating extracellular protease production. Extracellular protease production in the W81 wild-type strain and protease overproduction in mutants W81M3 and W81M4 were also induced in the presence of the autoclaved fungal mycelium. In soil microcosms naturally infested by PYTHIUM: spp., inoculation of sugar beet seeds with W81M3 or W81M4 resulted in improved biocontrol of PYTHIUM:-mediated damping-off disease compared with W81, and the level of protection achieved was equivalent to that conferred by chemical fungicides. The wild-type W81 and its mutant derivatives did not differ in rhizosphere colonization. Therefore, the improved biocontrol ability of W81M3 and W81M4 resulted from their capacity to overproduce extracellular serine protease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colum Dunne
- BIOMERIT Research Centre, Department of Microbiology, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland1
| | - Yvan Moënne-Loccoz
- UMR CNRS Ecologie Microbienne du Sol, Université Claude Bernard (Lyon 1), 69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France2
- BIOMERIT Research Centre, Department of Microbiology, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland1
| | - Frans J de Bruijn
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory and Department of Microbiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA3
| | - Fergal O'Gara
- BIOMERIT Research Centre, Department of Microbiology, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland1
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Layton AC, Gregory B, Schultz TW, Sayler GS. Validation of genetically engineered bioluminescent surfactant resistant bacteria as toxicity assessment tools. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 1999; 43:222-228. [PMID: 10375425 DOI: 10.1006/eesa.1999.1792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria are useful organisms for measuring acute and chronic toxicity. The most popular toxicity tests utilize the inhibition of bioluminescence as an indication of toxicity. An extensive toxicity database on pure chemical compounds has been created using the bioluminescent microorganism, Vibrio fischeri. However, the use of the Microtox assay in applications for environmental samples is not always successful, due to the test organism. Because the genes for bioluminescence have been cloned from V. fischeri, environmentally relevant test strains can be readily constructed. In this study, surfactant-resistant bioluminescent bacterial strains were constructed by transferring a broad host range plasmid containing the bioluminescent genes under the regulation of a constitutive promoter into strains from several bacterial genera. Two test strains, Stenotrophomonas 3664 and Alcaligenes eutrophus 2050, were approximately 400 times more resistant to the nonionic surfactant polyoxyethylene 10 lauryl ether than V. fischeri and are useful for toxicity reduction evaluations of remediation processes which use surfactants for solubilization of hydrophobic pollutants. The use of these strains as alternative test organisms in the Microtox assay was evaluated using nonpolar narcosis as the baseline toxicity mechanisms. The two test strains and V. fischeri indicated linear fits of EC50 values with the octanol/water partition (Kow) for five nonpolar narcotic compounds in acute assays (r2>0.9) with a slope of approximately 1. For all three strains, the y-intercept values were approximately the same, indicating that sensitivity did not vary. These results indicate that the nonpolar narcosis baseline toxicity mechanism may be useful as a general tool to validate the functioning of genetically engineered bioluminescent microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Layton
- The Center for Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Tennessee, 676 Dabney Hall, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA.
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20
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Denton M, Kerr KG. Microbiological and clinical aspects of infection associated with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Clin Microbiol Rev 1998; 11:57-80. [PMID: 9457429 PMCID: PMC121376 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.11.1.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 580] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The gram-negative bacterium Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is increasingly recognized as an important cause of nosocomial infection. Infection occurs principally, but not exclusively, in debilitated and immunosuppressed individuals. Management of S. maltophilia-associated infection is problematic because many strains of the bacterium manifest resistance to multiple antibiotics. These difficulties are compounded by methodological problems in in vitro susceptibility testing for which there are, as yet, no formal guidelines. Despite its acknowledged importance as a nosocomial pathogen, little is known of the epidemiology of S. maltophilia, and although it is considered an environmental bacterium, its sources and reservoirs are often not readily apparent. Molecular typing systems may contribute to our knowledge of the epidemiology of S. maltophilia infection, thus allowing the development of strategies to interrupt the transmission of the bacterium in the hospital setting. Even less is known of pathogenic mechanisms and putative virulence factors involved in the natural history of S. maltophilia infection and this, coupled with difficulties in distinguishing colonization from true infection, has fostered the view that the bacterium is essentially nonpathogenic. This article aims to review the current taxonomic status of S. maltophilia, and it discusses the laboratory identification of the bacterium. The epidemiology of the organism is considered with particular reference to nosocomial outbreaks, several of which have been investigated by molecular typing techniques. Risk factors for acquisition of the bacterium are also reviewed, and the ever-expanding spectrum of clinical syndromes associated with S. maltophilia is surveyed. Antimicrobial resistance mechanisms, pitfalls in in vitro susceptibility testing, and therapy of S. maltophilia infections are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Denton
- Department of Microbiology, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
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