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Kwoji ID, Okpeku M, Aiyegoro OA, Adeleke MA. Metabolic interactions of Limosilactobacillus reuteri ZJ625 and Ligilactobacillus salivarius ZJ614 in co-culture: implications for multi-strain probiotics. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae264. [PMID: 39510973 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 08/31/2024] [Accepted: 11/05/2024] [Indexed: 11/15/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Limosilactobacillus reuteri ZJ625 and Ligilactobacillus salivarius ZJ614 are potential probiotic bacteria. The mechanisms of enhanced benefits by muti-strain probiotics are yet fully understood. We elucidated the influence of co-culturing on the metabolite profiles of Limosilactobacillus reuteri ZJ625 and Ligilactobacillus salivarius ZJ614 to decipher the impacts of co-culturing on metabolic interactions between the strains. METHODS AND RESULTS Limosilactobacillus reuteri ZJ625 and Ligilactobacillus salivarius ZJ614 were grown in single and co-cultures in defined media. Bacterial cell metabolites were extracted at the mid-stationary growth phase and analysed using two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC-TOFMS). Mass-spectral data were preprocessed and analysed using unsupervised and supervised methods based on the group allocations. A total of 1387 metabolites were identified, with 18.31% significant metabolites (P < 0.05) and 10.17% differential metabolites (P < 0.05, variable importance on projection > 1). The differential metabolites identified include arabinofuranose, methyl-galactoside, N-acetylglutamic acid, phosphoric acid, and decanoic acid. The metabolites impacted carbohydrate and amino-sugar metabolism. CONCLUSION Co-culturing of Limosilactobacillus reuteri ZJ625 and Ligilactobacillus salivarius ZJ614 influenced the metabolite profiles of the strains and impacted metabolic/biosynthetic pathways, indicating cell-to-cell interactions between the strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliya Dauda Kwoji
- Discipline of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 4090 Durban, South Africa
| | - Moses Okpeku
- Discipline of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 4090 Durban, South Africa
| | - Olayinka Ayobami Aiyegoro
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, Northwest University, Potchefstroom, Northwest 2520, South Africa
| | - Matthew Adekunle Adeleke
- Discipline of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 4090 Durban, South Africa
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Ichimura T, Ichiba T. The effects of lactose hydrolysis on a sensory evaluation and the physical properties of a nonfat set yogurt. J DAIRY RES 2024; 91:471-476. [PMID: 40040583 DOI: 10.1017/s0022029925000135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2025]
Abstract
Nonfat set yogurts are very popular in Japan because of their health properties, but have the disadvantage of being hard and having large curd particles compared to fat-containing yogurts. We investigated the effect of lactose hydrolysis on nonfat set yogurt to determine whether this technique can improve the sensory evaluation and the texture of a nonfat set yogurt. We prepared nonfat yogurt mixes with 0, 50, 75, and 100% lactose hydrolysis and fermented them. The sensory properties, physical properties, fermentation characteristics, extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) concentration and lactic acid bacteria count were then assessed. The results demonstrated that the lactose hydrolysis rate had no effect on the fermentation time. The 75% lactose hydrolysis increased the EPS concentration and inhibited post-acidification. The 100% lactose hydrolysis increased the number of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (L. bulgaricus) and further increased the EPS concentration, and despite the increase in the number of L. bulgaricus, the 100% lactose hydrolysis suppressed post-acidification. The results of a sensory evaluation showed that the 100% lactose hydrolysis increased the yogurt's viscosity and overall acceptability and suppressed its acidity. The physical-properties evaluation revealed that when the lactose hydrolysis rate was ≥75%, the curd hardness decreased, and the curd particles became smaller. We inferred that these sensory and physical changes originated from an increase in the EPS concentration, and we thus speculate that a 100% lactose hydrolysis rate before fermentation would be a useful means of solving the hardness and large curd particles of nonfat set yogurt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takefumi Ichimura
- Lactic Acid Bacteria & Fermentation Technology Research Unit., R&D Division, Meiji Co., Ltd., 1-29-1 Nanakuni, Hachiouji, Tokyo 192-0919, Japan
| | - Tomoko Ichiba
- Fermentation Development Research Unit., R&D Division, Meiji Co., Ltd., 1-29-1 Nanakuni, Hachiouji, Tokyo 192-0919, Japan
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Palmer-Young EC, Markowitz LM, Huang WF, Evans JD. High temperatures augment inhibition of parasites by a honey bee gut symbiont. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0102323. [PMID: 37791764 PMCID: PMC10617414 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01023-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Temperature affects growth, metabolism, and interspecific interactions in microbial communities. Within animal hosts, gut bacterial symbionts can provide resistance to parasitic infections. Both infection and populations of symbionts can be shaped by the host body temperature. However, the effects of temperature on the antiparasitic activities of gut symbionts have seldom been explored. The Lactobacillus-rich gut microbiota of facultatively endothermic honey bees is subject to seasonal and ontogenetic changes in host temperature that could alter the effects of symbionts against parasites. We used cell cultures of a Lactobacillus symbiont and an important trypanosomatid gut parasite of honey bees to test the potential for temperature to shape parasite-symbiont interactions. We found that symbionts showed greater heat tolerance than parasites and chemically inhibited parasite growth via production of acids. Acceleration of symbiont growth and acid production at high temperatures resulted in progressively stronger antiparasitic effects across a temperature range typical of bee colonies. Consequently, the presence of symbionts reduced both the peak growth rate and heat tolerance of parasites. Substantial changes in parasite-symbiont interactions were evident over a temperature breadth that parallels changes in diverse animals exhibiting infection-related fevers and the amplitude of circadian temperature variation typical of endothermic birds and mammals, implying the frequent potential for temperature to alter symbiont-mediated resistance to parasites in endo- and ectothermic hosts. Results suggest that the endothermic behavior of honey bees could enhance the impacts of gut symbionts on parasites, implicating thermoregulation as a reinforcer of core symbioses and possibly microbiome-mediated antiparasitic defense. IMPORTANCE Two factors that shape the resistance of animals to infection are body temperature and gut microbiota. However, temperature can also alter interactions among microbes, raising the question of whether and how temperature changes the antiparasitic effects of gut microbiota. Honey bees are agriculturally important hosts of diverse parasites and infection-mitigating gut microbes. They can also socially regulate their body temperatures to an extent unusual for an insect. We show that high temperatures found in honey bee colonies augment the ability of a gut bacterial symbiont to inhibit the growth of a common bee parasite, reducing the parasite's ability to grow at high temperatures. This suggests that fluctuations in colony and body temperatures across life stages and seasons could alter the protective value of bees' gut microbiota against parasites, and that temperature-driven changes in gut microbiota could be an underappreciated mechanism by which temperature-including endothermy and fever-alters animal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lindsey M. Markowitz
- USDA-ARS Bee Research Lab, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Jay D. Evans
- USDA-ARS Bee Research Lab, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
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Aumiller K, Scheffler R, Stevens ET, Güvener ZT, Tung E, Grimaldo AB, Carlson HK, Deutschbauer AM, Taga ME, Marco ML, Ludington WB. A chemically-defined growth medium to support Lactobacillus-Acetobacter sp. community analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292585. [PMID: 37824485 PMCID: PMC10569604 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactobacilli and Acetobacter sp. are commercially important bacteria that often form communities in natural fermentations, including food preparations, spoilage, and in the digestive tract of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Communities of these bacteria are widespread and prolific, despite numerous strain-specific auxotrophies, suggesting they have evolved nutrient interdependencies that regulate their growth. The use of a chemically-defined medium (CDM) supporting the growth of both groups of bacteria would facilitate the identification of the molecular mechanisms for the metabolic interactions between them. While numerous CDMs have been developed that support specific strains of lactobacilli or Acetobacter, there has not been a medium formulated to support both genera. We developed such a medium, based on a previous CDM designed for growth of lactobacilli, by modifying the nutrient abundances to improve growth yield. We further simplified the medium by substituting casamino acids in place of individual amino acids and the standard Wolfe's vitamins and mineral stocks in place of individual vitamins and minerals, resulting in a reduction from 40 to 8 stock solutions. These stock solutions can be used to prepare several CDM formulations that support robust growth of numerous lactobacilli and Acetobacters. Here, we provide the composition and several examples of its use, which is important for tractability in dissecting the genetic and metabolic basis of natural bacterial species interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Aumiller
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Robert Scheffler
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Eric T. Stevens
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Zehra T. Güvener
- Molecular and Cell Biology Department, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Emily Tung
- Molecular and Cell Biology Department, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Anna B. Grimaldo
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Hans K. Carlson
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Adam M. Deutschbauer
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Michiko E. Taga
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Maria L. Marco
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - William B. Ludington
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
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Lee-Ling C, Hui Yan T, Saupi N, Nazamid S, Sarbini SR. An in vitro study: prebiotic effects of edible palm hearts in batch human fecal fermentation system. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:7231-7238. [PMID: 35760587 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Edible palm hearts (EPH), known as palmito, chonta or swamp cabbage in America or umbut in Malaysia, is a type of vegetable harvested from palm tree species. EPH is firm and smooth and described as having a flavor resembling artichoke. It has underlying prebiotic potential that selectively stimulates the growth and activity of beneficial colonic microbiota, thus enhancing the host's health. This study is the first to present results of EPH from local species such as oil palm (Elaeis guineensis), sago palm (Metroxylon sagu) and coconut (Cocos nucifera) using in vitro colonic fermentation with human fecal slurry. Samples obtained at 0, 6, 12 and 24 h were evaluated by bacterial enumeration using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS All EPH samples revealed induction effects towards Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus-Enterococcus and Bacteroidaceae/Prevotellaceae populations similar to those in inulin fermentation. A significant decrease (P ≤ 0.05) in pathogenic Clostridium histolyticum group was observed in the response of raw sago palm hearts. In general, all samples stimulate the production of SCFA. Particularly in the colonic fermentation of sago palm heart, acetate and propionate revealed the highest concentrations of 286.18 and 284.83 mmol L-1 in raw and cooked form, respectively. CONCLUSION This study concluded that edible palm hearts can be a potential prebiotic ingredient that promotes human gastrointestinal health, as well as discovering a new direction towards an alternative source of functional foods. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chai Lee-Ling
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Sarawak Campus, Bintulu, Malaysia
| | - Tan Hui Yan
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Sarawak Campus, Bintulu, Malaysia
| | - Noorasmah Saupi
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Sarawak Campus, Bintulu, Malaysia
| | - Saari Nazamid
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Shahrul Razid Sarbini
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Sarawak Campus, Bintulu, Malaysia
- Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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Ulmer A, Erdemann F, Mueller S, Loesch M, Wildt S, Jensen ML, Gaspar P, Zeidan AA, Takors R. Differential Amino Acid Uptake and Depletion in Mono-Cultures and Co-Cultures of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus in a Novel Semi-Synthetic Medium. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091771. [PMID: 36144373 PMCID: PMC9505316 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic understanding of the physiology and interactions of microorganisms in starter cultures is critical for the targeted improvement of fermented milk products, such as yogurt, which is produced by Streptococcus thermophilus in co-culture with Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus. However, the use of complex growth media or milk is a major challenge for quantifying metabolite production, consumption, and exchange in co-cultures. This study developed a synthetic medium that enables the establishment of defined culturing conditions and the application of flow cytometry for measuring species-specific biomass values. Time courses of amino acid concentrations in mono-cultures and co-cultures of L. bulgaricus ATCC BAA-365 with the proteinase-deficient S. thermophilus LMG 18311 and with a proteinase-positive S. thermophilus strain were determined. The analysis revealed that amino acid release rates in co-culture were not equivalent to the sum of amino acid release rates in mono-cultures. Data-driven and pH-dependent amino acid release models were developed and applied for comparison. Histidine displayed higher concentrations in co-cultures, whereas isoleucine and arginine were depleted. Amino acid measurements in co-cultures also confirmed that some amino acids, such as lysine, are produced and then consumed, thus being suitable candidates to investigate the inter-species interactions in the co-culture and contribute to the required knowledge for targeted shaping of yogurt qualities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Ulmer
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Florian Erdemann
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Susanne Mueller
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Maren Loesch
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sandy Wildt
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Paula Gaspar
- Systems Biology, R&D Discovery, Chr. Hansen A/S, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Ahmad A. Zeidan
- Systems Biology, R&D Discovery, Chr. Hansen A/S, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Ralf Takors
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Freeze-drying: A Flourishing Strategy to Fabricate Stable Pharmaceutical and Biological Products. Int J Pharm 2022; 628:122233. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Nitrogen source: an effective component for the growth and viability of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus. J DAIRY RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022029922000541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this study, we developed and optimized a growth media by evaluating various nitrogen sources for the cultivation of Lactobacillus bulgaricus, a probiotic and an important dairy starter culture. We modified the composition of deMan, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) culture media and substituted the nitrogen content with alternative nitrogen sources X-Seed KAT, X-Seed Carbo Max and X-Seed Nucleo Max in various blends of 5 g/l and 10 g/l respectively. Results showed that bacterial growth was significantly higher when the nitrogen source blend KCMax (10/10) was used. The optical density (OD610 nm) of the Lactobacillus bulgaricus strains were higher (1.34 and 1.79) in the KCMax (10/10) medium than in the MRS medium (0.89 and 1.42) (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the bacterial counts for both the MRS medium and the KCMax (10/10) medium, and all bacterial counts were estimated at 8 log CFU/ml. The buffering capacity of KCMax (10/10) was also tested and supplemented with l-histidine and was significantly different (P < 0.05) than that of the MRS control medium. Calcium supplemented in the KCMax (10/10) also served as a cryoprotectant for the cells during freezing and freeze-drying. Bacterial counts of the recovered calcium-treated freeze-dried cells were statistically significant (P < 0.05). We hypothesized that alternative nitrogen sources such as selected yeast extracts from the X-Seed brand of complex nitrogen sources could efficiently support the viability of Lb. bulgaricus. Our results thus suggested the growth of Lb. bulgaricus was efficiently supported by the X-Seed KAT, X-Seed Nucleo Max and X-Seed Carbo Max nitrogen sources. Consequently, these alternative nitrogen sources could potentially be recommended for dairy starter culture fermentations.
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Ayivi RD, Ibrahim SA, Krastanov A, Somani A, Siddiqui SA. The impact of alternative nitrogen sources on the growth and viability of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:7986-7997. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-21971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Sørensen HM, Rochfort KD, Maye S, MacLeod G, Brabazon D, Loscher C, Freeland B. Exopolysaccharides of Lactic Acid Bacteria: Production, Purification and Health Benefits towards Functional Food. Nutrients 2022; 14:2938. [PMID: 35889895 PMCID: PMC9319976 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are capable of synthesising metabolites known as exopolysaccharides (EPS) during fermentation. Traditionally, EPS plays an important role in fermented dairy products through their gelling and thickening properties, but they can also be beneficial to human health. This bioactivity has gained attention in applications for functional foods, which leads them to have prebiotic, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, anti-tumour, cholesterol-lowering and anti-obesity activity. Understanding the parameters and conditions is crucial to optimising the EPS yields from LAB for applications in the food industry. This review provides an overview of the functional food market together with the biosynthesis of EPS. Factors influencing the production of EPS as well as methods for isolation, characterisation and quantification are reviewed. Finally, the health benefits associated with EPS are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Mylise Sørensen
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, D09 DX63 Dublin, Ireland; (C.L.); (B.F.)
- I-Form, Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre, Dublin City University, D09 DX63 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Keith D. Rochfort
- School of Nursing, Psychotherapy and Community Health, Dublin City University, D09 DX63 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Susan Maye
- Dairygold Co-Operative Society Limited, Clonmel Road, Co. Cork, P67 DD36 Mitchelstown, Ireland; (S.M.); (G.M.)
| | - George MacLeod
- Dairygold Co-Operative Society Limited, Clonmel Road, Co. Cork, P67 DD36 Mitchelstown, Ireland; (S.M.); (G.M.)
| | - Dermot Brabazon
- I-Form, Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre, Dublin City University, D09 DX63 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Christine Loscher
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, D09 DX63 Dublin, Ireland; (C.L.); (B.F.)
| | - Brian Freeland
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, D09 DX63 Dublin, Ireland; (C.L.); (B.F.)
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Kwoji ID, Okpeku M, Adeleke MA, Aiyegoro OA. Formulation of Chemically Defined Media and Growth Evaluation of Ligilactobacillus salivarius ZJ614 and Limosilactobacillus reuteri ZJ625. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:865493. [PMID: 35602032 PMCID: PMC9121020 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.865493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria are increasingly becoming important dietary supplements due to their health benefits when consumed in adequate quantity. The increasing attention on these important microbes has necessitated an in-depth understanding of their physiological processes, such as nutritional requirements and growth patterns, to better harness their probiotic potentials. This study was carried out to determine the nutritional requirements for the growth of L. salivarius ZJ614 and L. reuteri ZJ625 from a chemically defined medium and evaluate growth kinetics by fitting different sigmoidal growth models. The complete CDM contains 49 nutritional ingredients such as glucose, Tween 80®, mineral salts, buffers, amino acids, vitamins, and nucleotides at defined concentrations. In addition, the minimal nutritional requirements of the isolates were determined in a series of single-omission experiments (SOEs) to compose the MDM. Growth curve data were generated by culturing in an automated 96-well micro-plate reader at 37°C for 36 h, and photometric readings (optical density: OD600) were taken. The data were summarized in tables and charts using Microsoft Excel, while growth evaluation was carried out using open-source software (Curveball) on Python. The results revealed that omission of the amino acids, vitamins, and nucleotides groups resulted in 2.0, 20.17, and 60.24% (for L. salivarius ZJ614) and 0.95, 42.7, and 70.5% (for L. reuteri ZJ625) relative growths, respectively. Elimination of the individual CDM components also indicates varying levels of growth by the strains. The growth curve data revealed LogisticLag2 and Baranyi–Roberts models as the best fits for L. reuteri ZJ625 and L. salivarius ZJ614, respectively. All the strains showed appreciable growth on the CDM and MDM as observed in de Man–Rogosa–Sharpe (MRS) broth. We also described the growth kinetics of L. reuteri ZJ625 and L. salivarius ZJ614 in the CDM, and the best models revealed the estimated growth parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliya Dauda Kwoji
- Discipline of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa
| | - Moses Okpeku
- Discipline of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa
| | - Matthew Adekunle Adeleke
- Discipline of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Matthew Adekunle Adeleke
| | - Olayinka Ayobami Aiyegoro
- Gastrointestinal Microbiology and Biotechnology Unit, Agricultural Research Council-Animal Production Institute Irene, Pretoria, South Africa
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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12
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Jan G, Tarnaud F, Rosa do Carmo FL, Illikoud N, Canon F, Jardin J, Briard-Bion V, Guyomarc'h F, Gagnaire V. The stressing life of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus in soy milk. Food Microbiol 2022; 106:104042. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2022.104042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Nutritional and Volatile Characterisation of Milk Inoculated with Thermo-Tolerant Lactobacillus bulgaricus through Adaptive Laboratory Evolution. Foods 2021; 10:foods10122944. [PMID: 34945497 PMCID: PMC8701330 DOI: 10.3390/foods10122944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, thermo-tolerant strain of Lactobacillus bulgaricus (L. bulgaricus) was developed using gradual increase in temperature to induce Adaptive Laboratory Evolution (ALE). Viable colony count of 1.87 ± 0.98 log cfu/mL was achieved at 52 °C, using MRS agar supplemented with 2% lactose. Changes in bacteria morphology were discovered, from rod (control) to filament (52 °C) to cocci after frozen storage (−80 °C). When milk was inoculated with thermo-tolerant L. bulgaricus, lactic acid production was absent, leaving pH at 6.84 ± 0.13. This has caused weakening of the protein network, resulting in high whey separation and lower water-holding capacity (37.1 ± 0.35%) compared to the control (98.10 ± 0.60%). Significantly higher proteolytic activity was observed through free amino acids analysis by LC-MS. Arginine and methionine (237.24 ± 5.94 and 98.83 ± 1.78 µg/100 g, respectively) were found to be 115- and 275-fold higher than the control, contributing to changing the aroma similar to cheese. Further volatile analysis through SPME-GC-MS has confirmed significant increase in cheese-aroma volatiles compared to the control, with increase in diacetyl formation. Further work on DNA profiling, metabolomics and peptidomics will help to answer mechanisms behind the observed changes made in the study.
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Lapierre FM, Schmid J, Ederer B, Ihling N, Büchs J, Huber R. Revealing nutritional requirements of MICP-relevant Sporosarcina pasteurii DSM33 for growth improvement in chemically defined and complex media. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22448. [PMID: 33384450 PMCID: PMC7775470 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79904-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial induced calcite precipitation (MICP) based on ureolysis has a high potential for many applications, e.g. restoration of construction materials. The gram-positive bacterium Sporosarcina pasteurii is the most commonly used microorganism for MICP due to its high ureolytic activity. However, Sporosarcina pasteurii is so far cultivated almost exclusively in complex media, which only results in moderate biomass concentrations at the best. Cultivation of Sporosarcina pasteurii must be strongly improved in order to make technological application of MICP economically feasible. The growth of Sporosarcina pasteurii DSM 33 was boosted by detecting auxotrophic deficiencies (L-methionine, L-cysteine, thiamine, nicotinic acid), nutritional requirements (phosphate, trace elements) and useful carbon sources (glucose, maltose, lactose, fructose, sucrose, acetate, L-proline, L-alanine). These were determined by microplate cultivations with online monitoring of biomass in a chemically defined medium and systematically omitting or substituting medium components. Persisting growth limitations were also detected, allowing further improvement of the chemically defined medium by the addition of glutamate group amino acids. Common complex media based on peptone and yeast extract were supplemented based on these findings. Optical density at the end of each cultivation of the improved peptone and yeast extract media roughly increased fivefold respectively. A maximum OD600 of 26.6 ± 0.7 (CDW: 17.1 ± 0.5 g/L) was reached with the improved yeast extract medium. Finally, culture performance and media improvement was analysed by measuring the oxygen transfer rate as well as the backscatter during shake flask cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jakob Schmid
- Munich University of Applied Sciences, 80335, Munich, Germany
| | - Benjamin Ederer
- Munich University of Applied Sciences, 80335, Munich, Germany
| | - Nina Ihling
- Chair of Biochemical Engineering (AVT.BioVT), RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jochen Büchs
- Chair of Biochemical Engineering (AVT.BioVT), RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Robert Huber
- Munich University of Applied Sciences, 80335, Munich, Germany
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Oyeniran A, Ibrahim SA, Gyawali R, Tahergorabi R, Zimmerman T, Krastanov A. A modified reinforced clostridial medium for the isolation and enumeration of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus in a mixed culture. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:5030-5042. [PMID: 32307174 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we modified reinforced clostridial medium (RCM) to selectively enumerate and isolate Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus, a probiotic and important starter culture in the dairy industry. The disparity in the reported carbohydrate fermentation pattern of L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus was used to develop a growth medium not only selective for L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus but significantly inhibitory to the growth of other lactic acid bacteria. A recently modified RCM (mRCM) was optimized for this study by the addition of 0.5% fructose, 0.5% dextrose, 1% maltose, and 0.25% sodium pyruvate while replacing lactose as a carbohydrate source. The cell recovery and bacterial counts of L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus in tested products (pure L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus strains, starter culture, probiotic supplements, and yogurt) using our mRCM with sodium pyruvate (mRCM-PYR) were significantly higher than in the recently modified RCM and the common de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) culture medium. The growth of other lactic acid bacteria (Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and Lactobacillus reuteri) and Bifidobacteria was retarded in this modified medium compared with their growth in MRS and mRCM. This result is a significant improvement in the enumeration and differentiation of L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus in mRCM-PYR compared with the results in MRS and mRCM where the high background growth of similar species interferes with the accuracy of bacterial population counts. Our results thus suggest that mRCM-PYR could be recommended as a reliable alternative growth medium for the selective enumeration and isolation of L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus in a mixed culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayowole Oyeniran
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro 27411
| | - Salam A Ibrahim
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro 27411.
| | - Rabin Gyawali
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro 27411
| | - Reza Tahergorabi
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro 27411
| | - Tahl Zimmerman
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro 27411
| | - Albert Krastanov
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Food Technologies, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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16
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Malaka R, Maruddin F, Dwyana Z, Vargas MV. Assessment of exopolysaccharide production by Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus ropy strain in different substrate media. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:1657-1664. [PMID: 32180973 PMCID: PMC7063361 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research was to determine the optimal medium for Exopolysaccharides (EPS) production by a Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus ropy strain isolated from a locally produced commercial fermented milk, in reconstituted skim milk (RSM) 10% (w/v), milk whey (MW), and soy milk whey (SMW), under optimal growth conditions for this strain. Milk whey was made by coagulating fresh milk using papaya latex 3% (v/v); soy milk whey was obtained from tofu household industry. The chemical composition of the substrate media was determined by proximate analysis, and sterilization was accomplished in an autoclave at 121°C for 15 min. Culture media were inoculated with 1% (v/v) of a starter culture of L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and then incubated at 30°C for 16 hr. EPS production, lactic acid content, cell counting, and pH were determined after the media were cooled at 5°C. Findings showed that on the basis of the growth characteristics of L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, the best medium for EPS production was RSM 10% (258.60 ± 26.86 mg/L) compared to the milk whey (69.60 ± 9.48 mg/L) and soy milk whey (49.80 ± 9.04 mg/L).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratmawati Malaka
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Milk Processing Department of Animal Science Faculty of Animal Science Hasanuddin University Makassar Indonesia
| | - Fatma Maruddin
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Milk Processing Department of Animal Science Faculty of Animal Science Hasanuddin University Makassar Indonesia
| | - Zaraswati Dwyana
- Laboratory of Microbiology Department of Biology Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Sciences Hasanuddin University Makassar Indonesia
| | - Maynor V Vargas
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences National Technical University (UTN) Alajuela Costa Rica
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17
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Production of D-Lactic Acid by the Fermentation of Orange Peel Waste Hydrolysate by Lactic Acid Bacteria. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation6010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid is one the most interesting monomer candidates to replace some petroleum- based monomers. The application of conventional poly-lactic acid (PLA) is limited due to insufficient thermal properties. This limitation can be overcome by blending poly-D and poly-L-lactic acid. The main problem is the limited knowledge of D-lactic acid (D-LA) production. Efficient biochemical processes are being developed in order to synthesize D-LA from orange peel waste (OPW). OPW is an interesting renewable raw material for biorefinery processes of biocatalytic, catalytic or thermal nature owing to its low lignin and ash content. Bioprocessing of the pretreated OPW is carried out by enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation of the released sugars to produce D-LA. Several strains of the species Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus have been evaluated for the production of D-LA from OPW hydrolysate using Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. delbrueckii CECT 286 as a reference strain since its performance in this kind of substrate have been widely reported in previous studies. Preliminary results show that Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus CECT 5037 had the best performance with a yield of 84% w/w for D-LA production and up to 95% (e.e.).
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18
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Yin Lau AT, Barbut S, Ross K, Diarra MS, Balamurugan S. The effect of cranberry pomace ethanol extract on the growth of meat starter cultures, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis and Listeria monocytogenes. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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19
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Sánchez J, Vegas C, Zavaleta AI, Esteve-Zarzoso B. Predominance of Lactobacillus plantarum Strains in Peruvian Amazonian Fruits. Pol J Microbiol 2019; 68:127-137. [PMID: 31050261 PMCID: PMC7256758 DOI: 10.21307/pjm-2019-015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this research was the identification and characterization of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from Peruvian Amazonian fruits. Thirty-seven isolates were obtained from diverse Amazonian fruits. Molecular characterization of the isolates was performed by ARDRA, 16S-23S ITS RFLP and rep-PCR using GTG5 primers. Identification was carried out by sequencing the 16S rDNA gene. Phenotypic characterization included nutritional, physiological and antimicrobial resistance tests. Molecular characterization by Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis (ARDRA) and 16S-23S ITS RFLP resulted in four restriction profiles while GTG5 analysis showed 14 banding patterns. Based on the 16S rDNA gene sequence, the isolates were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum (75.7%), Weissella cibaria (13.5%), Lactobacillus brevis (8.1%), and Weissella confusa (2.7%). Phenotypic characterization showed that most of the isolates were homofermentative bacilli, able to ferment glucose, maltose, cellobiose, and fructose and grow in a broad range of temperatures and pH. The isolates were highly susceptible to ampicillin, amoxicillin, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, erythromicyn, penicillin, and tetracycline and showed great resistance to kanamycin, gentamycin, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, and vancomycin. No proteolytic or amylolytic activity was detected. L. plantarum strains produce lactic acid in higher concentrations and Weissella strains produce exopolymers only from sucrose. Molecular methods allowed to accurately identify the LAB isolates from the Peruvian Amazonian fruits, while phenotypic methods provided information about their metabolism, physiology and other characteristics that may be useful in future biotechnological processes. Further research will focus especially on the study of L. plantarum strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos , Lima , Perú
| | - Carlos Vegas
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos , Lima , Perú
| | - Amparo Iris Zavaleta
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos , Lima , Perú
| | - Braulio Esteve-Zarzoso
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Facultat d' Enologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili , Tarragona , Spain
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20
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Gaucher F, Bonnassie S, Rabah H, Marchand P, Blanc P, Jeantet R, Jan G. Review: Adaptation of Beneficial Propionibacteria, Lactobacilli, and Bifidobacteria Improves Tolerance Toward Technological and Digestive Stresses. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:841. [PMID: 31068918 PMCID: PMC6491719 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This review deals with beneficial bacteria, with a focus on lactobacilli, propionibacteria, and bifidobacteria. As being recognized as beneficial bacteria, they are consumed as probiotics in various food products. Some may also be used as starters in food fermentation. In either case, these bacteria may be exposed to various environmental stresses during industrial production steps, including drying and storage, and during the digestion process. In accordance with their adaptation to harsh environmental conditions, they possess adaptation mechanisms, which can be induced by pretreatments. Adaptive mechanisms include accumulation of compatible solutes and of energy storage compounds, which can be largely modulated by the culture conditions. They also include the regulation of energy production pathways, as well as the modulation of the cell envelop, i.e., membrane, cell wall, surface layers, and exopolysaccharides. They finally lead to the overexpression of molecular chaperones and of stress-responsive proteases. Triggering these adaptive mechanisms can improve the resistance of beneficial bacteria toward technological and digestive stresses. This opens new perspectives for the improvement of industrial processes efficiency with regard to the survival of beneficial bacteria. However, this bibliographical survey evidenced that adaptive responses are strain-dependent, so that growth and adaptation should be optimized case-by-case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floriane Gaucher
- STLO, Agrocampus Ouest, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Paris, France
- Bioprox, Levallois-Perret, France
| | - Sylvie Bonnassie
- STLO, Agrocampus Ouest, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Paris, France
- Science de la Vie et de la Terre, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Houem Rabah
- STLO, Agrocampus Ouest, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Paris, France
- Pôle Agronomique Ouest, Bba, Rennes, France
| | | | | | - Romain Jeantet
- STLO, Agrocampus Ouest, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Paris, France
| | - Gwénaël Jan
- STLO, Agrocampus Ouest, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Paris, France
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21
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Adamu‐Governor OL, Shittu TA, Afolabi OR, Uzochukwu SVA. Screening for gum-producing Lactic acid bacteria in Oil palm ( Elaeis guineensis) and raphia palm ( Raphia regalis) sap from South-West Nigeria. Food Sci Nutr 2018; 6:2047-2055. [PMID: 30510706 PMCID: PMC6261219 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria have wide applications in food processing. Lactic acid bacteria produced exopolysaccharides (EPS) which could be used as possible replacer for commercial stabilizer and thickeners produced by nonfood grade bacteria. Seventy-two samples of Oil and Raphia palm sap were collected in eighteen locations across South-Western Nigeria and screened for exopolysaccharide production in 6% sucrose agar using streaked plate method. Four hundred EPS-producing bacteria (EPB) isolated were clustered based on morphological characteristics into two broad groups and preliminary screened for EPS-producing capacity. Twenty representative of EPB were selected from the broad groups for tentative identification by API 50CHL and 10 high yielding EPB were selected for large-scale EPS production. Each strain was inoculated into 6% sucrose broth with 3% (v/v) preculture grown overnight in a 1.5 ml flask and incubated at 37°C for 72 hr. The EPSs were purified and freeze-dried prior to quantification of yields. EPS-producing bacteria were identified as Leuconostoc lactis, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. lactis, L. delbrueckii ssp. delbrueckii, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus crispatus, and Leuconostoc mesenteroides ssp. mesenteroides/dextranicum. EPS yield ranged from 132-810.75 mg/L and EPS-producing potential of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains ranged; 36% (132-245 mg/L), 36% (250-460 mg/L), and 28% (461-820 mg/L). L. plantarum had the highest EPS yield of 810.75 mg/L whereas L. crispatus had the least yield 242.5 mg/L. These results suggest that majority of LAB in palm wine saps are gum-producing bacteria. Leuconostoc and Lactobacillus were the most abundant LAB found in this study while L. plantarum could have applications as potential starter cultures for the production of exopolysaccharides (EPS) at industrial level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oniovosa Leonard Adamu‐Governor
- Department of Biological ScienceYaba College of TechnologyYabaNigeria
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyFederal University of AgricultureAbeokutaNigeria
| | - Taofik A. Shittu
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyFederal University of AgricultureAbeokutaNigeria
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22
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Nwamaioha NO, Ibrahim SA. A selective medium for the enumeration and differentiation of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:4953-4961. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-14155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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Sieuwerts S, Bron PA, Smid EJ. Mutually stimulating interactions between lactic acid bacteria and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in sourdough fermentation. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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24
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Ai Z, Lv X, Huang S, Liu G, Sun X, Chen H, Sun J, Feng Z. The effect of controlled and uncontrolled pH cultures on the growth of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2016.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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Enhancing the Sweetness of Yoghurt through Metabolic Remodeling of Carbohydrate Metabolism in Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:3683-3692. [PMID: 27107115 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00462-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus are used in the fermentation of milk to produce yoghurt. These species normally metabolize only the glucose moiety of lactose, secreting galactose and producing lactic acid as the main metabolic end product. We used multiple serial selection steps to isolate spontaneous mutants of industrial strains of S. thermophilus and L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus that secreted glucose rather than galactose when utilizing lactose as a carbon source. Sequencing revealed that the S. thermophilus strains had mutations in the galKTEM promoter, the glucokinase gene, and genes encoding elements of the glucose/mannose phosphotransferase system (PTS). These strains metabolize galactose but are unable to phosphorylate glucose internally or via the PTS. The L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus mutants had mutations in genes of the glucose/mannose PTS and in the pyruvate kinase gene. These strains cannot grow on exogenous glucose but are proficient at metabolizing internal glucose released from lactose by β-galactosidase. The resulting strains can be combined to ferment milk, producing yoghurt with no detectable lactose, moderate levels of galactose, and high levels of glucose. Since glucose tastes considerably sweeter than either lactose or galactose, the sweetness of the yoghurt is perceptibly enhanced. These strains were produced without the use of recombinant DNA technology and can be used for the industrial production of yoghurt with enhanced intrinsic sweetness and low residual levels of lactose. IMPORTANCE Based on a good understanding of the physiology of the lactic acid bacteria Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, we were able, by selecting spontaneously occurring mutants, to change dramatically the metabolic products secreted into the growth medium. These mutants consume substantially more of the lactose, metabolize some of the galactose, and secrete the remaining galactose and most of the glucose back into the milk. This allows production of yoghurt with very low lactose levels and enhanced natural sweetness, because humans perceive glucose as sweeter than either lactose or galactose.
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26
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Li C, Zhang GF, Mao X, Wang JY, Duan CY, Wang ZJ, Liu LB. Growth and acid production of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus ATCC 11842 in the fermentation of algal carcass. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:4243-4250. [PMID: 26995135 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Algal carcass is a low-value byproduct of algae after its conversion to biodiesel. Dried algal carcass is rich in protein, carbohydrate, and multiple amino acids, and it is typically well suited for growth and acid production of lactic acid bacteria. In this study, Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus ATCC 11842 was used to ferment different algal carcass media (ACM), including 2% ACM, 2% ACM with 1.9% glucose (ACM-G), and 2% ACM with 1.9% glucose and 2g/L amino acid mixture (ACM-GA). Concentrations of organic acids (lactic acid and acetic acid), acetyl-CoA, and ATP were analyzed by HPLC, and activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), acetokinase (ACK), pyruvate kinase (PK), and phosphofructokinase (PFK) were determined by using a chemical approach. The growth of L. bulgaricus cells in ACM-GA was close to that in the control medium (de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe). Lactic acid and acetic acid contents were greatly reduced when L. bulgaricus cells were grown in ACM compared with the control medium. Acetyl-CoA content varied with organic acid content and was increased in cells grown in different ACM compared with the control medium. The ATP content of L. bulgaricus cells in ACM was reduced compared with that of cells grown in the control medium. Activities of PFK and ACK of L. bulgaricus cells grown in ACM were higher and those of PK and LDH were lower compared with the control. Thus, ACM rich in nutrients may serve as an excellent substrate for growth by lactic acid bacteria, and addition of appropriate amounts of glucose and amino acids can improve growth and acid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Harbin, China, 150030
| | - G F Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Harbin, China, 150030
| | - X Mao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Harbin, China, 150030
| | - J Y Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Harbin, China, 150030
| | - C Y Duan
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Harbin, China, 150030
| | - Z J Wang
- College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China, 150030
| | - L B Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Harbin, China, 150030.
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27
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Streptococcus thermophilus urease activity boosts Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus homolactic fermentation. Int J Food Microbiol 2016; 247:55-64. [PMID: 26826763 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The proto-cooperation between Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus in the yogurt consortium enhances the growth rate and size of each population. In contrast, the independent growth of the two species in milk leads to a slower growth rate and a smaller population size. In this study, we report the first evidence that the urease activity of S. thermophilus increases the intracellular pH of L. delbrueckii in the absence of carbon source. However, in milk, in the presence of lactose the alkalizing effect of urea-derived ammonia was not detectable. Nevertheless, based on glucose consumption and lactic acid production at different pHin, L. delbrueckii showed an optimum of glycolysis and homolactic fermentation at alkaline pH values. In milk, we observed that ammonia provided by urea hydrolysis boosted lactic acid production in S. thermophilus and in L. delbrueckii when the species were grown alone or in combination. Therefore, we propose that urease activity acts as an altruistic cooperative trait, which is costly for urease-positive individuals but provides a local benefit because other individuals can take advantage of urease-dependent ammonia release.
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28
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Zhai Z, An H, Wang G, Luo Y, Hao Y. Functional role of pyruvate kinase from Lactobacillus bulgaricus in acid tolerance and identification of its transcription factor by bacterial one-hybrid. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17024. [PMID: 26581248 PMCID: PMC4652205 DOI: 10.1038/srep17024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus develops acid tolerance response when subjected to acid stress conditions, such as the induction of enzymes associated with carbohydrate metabolism. In this study, pyk gene encoding pyruvate kinase was over-expressed in heterologous host Lactococcus lactis NZ9000, and SDS-PAGE analysis revealed the successful expression of this gene in NZ9000. The survival rate of Pyk-overproducing strain was 45-fold higher than the control under acid stress condition (pH 4.0). In order to determine the transcription factor (TF) which regulates the expression of pyk by bacterial one-hybrid, we constructed a TF library including 65 TFs of L. bulgaricus. Western blotting indicated that TFs in this library could be successfully expressed in host strains. Subsequently, the promoter of pfk-pyk operon in L. bulgaricus was identified by 5′-RACE PCR. The bait plasmid pH3U3-p01 carrying the deletion fragment of pfk-pyk promoter captured catabolite control protein A (CcpA) which could regulate the expression of pyk by binding to a putative catabolite-responsive element (5′-TGTAAGCCCTAACA-3′) upstream the -35 region. Real-time qPCR analysis revealed the transcription of pyk was positively regulated by CcpA. This is the first report about identifying the TF of pyk in L. bulgaricus, which will provide new insight into the regulatory network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyuan Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Municipality, College of Food Science &Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Haoran An
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Municipality, College of Food Science &Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guohong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Municipality, College of Food Science &Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yunbo Luo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Municipality, College of Food Science &Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yanling Hao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Municipality, College of Food Science &Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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Ayana IA, Ibrahim AE. Attributes of Low-Fat Yogurt and Kareish Cheese Made Using Exopolysaccharides Producing Lactic Acid Bacteria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.3923/ajft.2015.48.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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30
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Kim DH, Lee MK, Moon C, Yun YM, Lee W, Oh SE, Kim MS. Effect of hydraulic retention time on lactic acid production and granulation in an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 165:158-161. [PMID: 24767539 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.03.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, lactic acid (LA) production performance with granulation was investigated at various hydraulic retention times (HRTs), 8-0.5h. Glucose was used as a feedstock, and anaerobic mixed cultures were inoculated in an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor. As HRT decreased, the average diameter and hydrophobicity of the granules increased from 0.31 to 3.4mm and from 17.5% to 38.3%, respectively, suggesting the successful formation of granules. With decreasing HRT, LA productivity increased up to 16.7gLA/L-fermenter/h at HRT 0.5h. The existence of rod-shaped organisms with pores and internal channels at granule surface was observed by scanning electron microscope. Next generation sequencing revealed that Lactobacillus was the dominant microorganism, accounting for 96.7% of total sequences, comprising LA-producing granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hoon Kim
- Biomass and Waste Energy Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - Mo-Kwon Lee
- Biomass and Waste Energy Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - Chungman Moon
- Biomass and Waste Energy Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo-Myeong Yun
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Wontae Lee
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, 1 Yangho-dong, Gumi, Gyeongbuk 730-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae-Eun Oh
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Hanbat National University, San 16-1, Duckmyoung-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Sun Kim
- Biomass and Waste Energy Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea; Division of Renewable Energy Engineering, University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea.
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31
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Senan S, Prajapati JB, Joshi CG. Comparative genome-scale analysis of niche-based stress-responsive genes in Lactobacillus helveticus strains. Genome 2014; 57:185-92. [DOI: 10.1139/gen-2014-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Next generation sequencing technologies with advanced bioinformatic tools present a unique opportunity to compare genomes from diverse niches. The identification of niche-specific stress-responsive genes can help in characterizing robust strains for multiple applications. In this study, we attempted to compare the stress-responsive genes of a potential probiotic strain, Lactobacillus helveticus MTCC 5463, and a cheese starter strain, Lactobacillus helveticus DPC 4571, from a gut and dairy niche, respectively. Sequencing of MTCC 5463 was done using 454 GS FLX, and contigs were assembled using GS Assembler software. Genome analysis was done using BLAST hits and the prokaryotic annotation server RAST. The MTCC 5463 genome carried multiple orthologs of genes governing stress responses, whereas the DPC 4571 genome lacked in the number of major stress-response proteins. The absence of the bile salt hydrolase gene in DPC 4571 and its presence in MTCC 5463 clearly indicated niche adaptation. Further, MTCC 5463 carried higher copy numbers of genes contributing towards heat, cold, osmotic, and oxidative stress resistance as compared with DPC 4571. Through comparative genomics, we could thus identify stress-responsive gene sets required to adapt to gut and dairy niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suja Senan
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, Sheth MC College of Dairy Science, Anand Agricultural University, Anand 388110, India
| | - Jashbhai B. Prajapati
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, Sheth MC College of Dairy Science, Anand Agricultural University, Anand 388110, India
| | - Chaitanya G. Joshi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand 388110, India
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32
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Li K, Jiang T, Yu B, Wang L, Gao C, Ma C, Xu P, Ma Y. Escherichia coli transcription termination factor NusA: heat-induced oligomerization and chaperone activity. Sci Rep 2014; 3:2347. [PMID: 23907089 PMCID: PMC3731644 DOI: 10.1038/srep02347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli NusA, an essential component of the RNA polymerase elongation complex, is involved in transcriptional elongation, termination, anti-termination, cold shock and stress-induced mutagenesis. In this study, we demonstrated that NusA can self-assemble into oligomers under heat shock conditions and that this property is largely determined by the C-terminal domain. In parallel with the self-assembly process, NusA also acquires chaperone activity. Furthermore, NusA overexpression results in the enhanced heat shock resistance of host cells, which may be due to the chaperone activity of NusA. Our results suggest that E. coli NusA can act as a protector to prevent protein aggregation under heat stress conditions in vitro and in the NusA-overexpressing strain. We propose a new hypothesis that NusA could serve as a molecular chaperone in addition to its functions as a transcription factor. However, it remains to be further investigated whether NusA has the same function under normal physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
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33
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Zaeim D, Soleimanian-Zad S, Sheikh-Zeinoddin M. Identification and Partial Characterization of a Bacteriocin-Like Inhibitory Substance (BLIS) fromLb. BulgaricusK41 Isolated from Indigenous Yogurts. J Food Sci 2013; 79:M67-73. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Davood Zaeim
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology; College of Agriculture; Isfahan Univ. of Technology; Isfahan 84156-83111 Iran
| | - Sabihe Soleimanian-Zad
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology; College of Agriculture; Isfahan Univ. of Technology; Isfahan 84156-83111 Iran
| | - Mahmoud Sheikh-Zeinoddin
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology; College of Agriculture; Isfahan Univ. of Technology; Isfahan 84156-83111 Iran
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34
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Transcriptome-based characterization of interactions between Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus in lactose-grown chemostat cocultures. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 79:5949-61. [PMID: 23872557 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01115-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mixed populations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts and lactic acid bacteria occur in many dairy, food, and beverage fermentations, but knowledge about their interactions is incomplete. In the present study, interactions between Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, two microorganisms that co-occur in kefir fermentations, were studied during anaerobic growth on lactose. By combining physiological and transcriptome analysis of the two strains in the cocultures, five mechanisms of interaction were identified. (i) Lb. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus hydrolyzes lactose, which cannot be metabolized by S. cerevisiae, to galactose and glucose. Subsequently, galactose, which cannot be metabolized by Lb. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, is excreted and provides a carbon source for yeast. (ii) In pure cultures, Lb. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus grows only in the presence of increased CO2 concentrations. In anaerobic mixed cultures, the yeast provides this CO2 via alcoholic fermentation. (iii) Analysis of amino acid consumption from the defined medium indicated that S. cerevisiae supplied alanine to the bacterium. (iv) A mild but significant low-iron response in the yeast transcriptome, identified by DNA microarray analysis, was consistent with the chelation of iron by the lactate produced by Lb. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus. (v) Transcriptome analysis of Lb. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus in mixed cultures showed an overrepresentation of transcripts involved in lipid metabolism, suggesting either a competition of the two microorganisms for fatty acids or a response to the ethanol produced by S. cerevisiae. This study demonstrates that chemostat-based transcriptome analysis is a powerful tool to investigate microbial interactions in mixed populations.
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Menon R, Shields M, Duong T, Sturino JM. Development of a carbohydrate-supplemented semidefined medium for the semiselective cultivation of Lactobacillus spp. Lett Appl Microbiol 2013; 57:249-57. [PMID: 23691927 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The macronutrient and micronutrient compositions of traditional media used to cultivate Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) are largely undefined, which precludes their use in many metabolic bioassays. In order to address this deficiency, we developed MS: a carbohydrate-supplemented semidefined medium with low-background coloration. MS was designed to support the semiselective cultivation of a wide range of fastidious species belonging to the Lactobacillus clade of the LAB. When supplemented with 100 mM D-glucose, the MS medium stimulated the proliferation of 21 strains of LAB, including Pediococcus spp. and Lactobacillus spp. The MS medium supported biomass accumulation comparable with MRS, an undefined medium routinely used for the cultivation of lactobacilli. Interestingly, however, the novel MS medium exhibited greater semiselectivity against non-LAB than MRS. Together, these results suggest that MS is an acceptable alternative to MRS for use in metabolic and phenotypic bioassays that use a colorimetric reporter system or would benefit from a semidefined nutrient composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Menon
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2253, USA
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36
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The role of cell surface architecture of lactobacilli in host-microbe interactions in the gastrointestinal tract. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:237921. [PMID: 23576850 PMCID: PMC3610365 DOI: 10.1155/2013/237921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus species can exert health promoting effects in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) through many mechanisms, which include pathogen inhibition, maintenance of microbial balance, immunomodulation, and enhancement of the epithelial barrier function. Different species of the genus Lactobacillus can evoke different responses in the host, and not all strains of the same species can be considered beneficial. Strain variations may be related to diversity of the cell surface architecture of lactobacilli and the bacteria's ability to express certain surface components or secrete specific compounds in response to the host environment. Lactobacilli are known to modify their surface structures in response to stress factors such as bile and low pH, and these adaptations may help their survival in the face of harsh environmental conditions encountered in the GIT. In recent years, multiple cell surface-associated molecules have been implicated in the adherence of lactobacilli to the GIT lining, immunomodulation, and protective effects on intestinal epithelial barrier function. Identification of the relevant bacterial ligands and their host receptors is imperative for a better understanding of the mechanisms through which lactobacilli exert their beneficial effects on human health.
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37
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Hongfei Z, Fengling B, Fang Z, Walczak P, Xiangning J, Bolin Z. Characterization of soybean protein hydrolysates able to promote the proliferation of Streptococcus thermophilus ST. J Food Sci 2013; 78:M575-81. [PMID: 23488684 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
How soybean protein hydrolysates (SPHs) to favor the growth of S. thermophilus ST were investigated. Hydrolyzed soybean protein was fractionated to 4 fragments, that is, SPH-I, SPH-II, SPH-III, and SPH-IV according to their molecular weight sizes. SPHs can improve the growth of strain ST, in which SPH-IV, with the molecular weight of less than 5 kD, significantly promoted the growth of strain ST. The cell counts of strain ST grew quickly from 7.71 to 9.78 (log CFU/mL) when the concentrations of SPH-IV ranging from 0% to 1%. Moreover, 2 chemically defined media (CDMs) were used to test their roles in maintaining the viability of strain ST. CDMs only maintained the survival of strain ST, but SPH-IV had the promotional effects on proliferation of the bacteria. SPH-IV was further characterized to be oligopeptides that contain 2 to 8 amino acids and free amino acids by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) analysis. The amino acid compositions showed that SPH-IV contained more essential amino acids, which were necessary for the growth of S. thermophilus ST. Clearly, SPH-IV could be used as an exogenous nitrogen supplement to enhance the proliferation of S. thermophilus ST and other lactic acid bacteria, and the data from small scale-up fermentation also supported this point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Hongfei
- College of Biological Science & Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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38
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Oxygen relieves the CO2 and acetate dependency of Lactobacillus johnsonii NCC 533. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57235. [PMID: 23468944 PMCID: PMC3582564 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen relieves the CO2 and acetate dependency of Lactobacillus johnsonii NCC 533. The probiotic Lactobacillus johnsonii NCC 533 is relatively sensitive to oxidative stress; the presence of oxygen causes a lower biomass yield due to early growth stagnation. We show however that oxygen can also be beneficial to this organism as it relieves the requirement for acetate and CO2 during growth. Both on agar- and liquid-media, anaerobic growth of L. johnsonii NCC 533 requires CO2 supplementation of the gas phase. Switching off the CO2 supply induces growth arrest and cell death. The presence of molecular oxygen overcomes the CO2 dependency. Analogously, L. johnsonii NCC 533 strictly requires media with acetate to sustain anaerobic growth, although supplementation at a level that is 100-fold lower (120 microM) than the concentration in regular growth medium for lactobacilli already suffices for normal growth. Analogous to the CO2 requirement, oxygen supply relieves this acetate-dependency for growth. The L. johnsonii NCC 533 genome indicates that this organism lacks genes coding for pyruvate formate lyase (PFL) and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), both CO2 and acetyl-CoA producing systems. Therefore, C1- and C2- compound production is predicted to largely depend on pyruvate oxidase activity (POX). This proposed role of POX in C2/C1-generation is corroborated by the observation that in a POX deficient mutant of L. johnsonii NCC 533, oxygen is not able to overcome acetate dependency nor does it relieve the CO2 dependency.
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39
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Agyei D, Danquah MK. Carbohydrate utilization affects Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis 313 cell-enveloped-associated proteinase production. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-012-0106-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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40
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Mende S, Krzyzanowski L, Weber J, Jaros D, Rohm H. Growth and exopolysaccharide yield of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus DSM 20081 in batch and continuous bioreactor experiments at constant pH. J Biosci Bioeng 2012; 113:185-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2011.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Revised: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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41
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Hongpattarakere T, Cherntong N, Wichienchot S, Kolida S, Rastall RA. In vitro prebiotic evaluation of exopolysaccharides produced by marine isolated lactic acid bacteria. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 87:846-852. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.08.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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42
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Effects of carbon sources and lipids on freeze-drying survival of Lactobacillus bulgaricus in growth media. ANN MICROBIOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-011-0332-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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43
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Wang Y, Delettre J, Corrieu G, Béal C. Starvation induces physiological changes that act on the cryotolerance of Lactobacillus acidophilus RD758. Biotechnol Prog 2011; 27:342-50. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2010] [Revised: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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44
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Santos F, Teusink B, de Vos W, Hugenholtz J. The evidence that pseudovitamin B12is biologically active in mammals is still lacking - a comment on Molinaet al.’s (2009) experimental design. J Appl Microbiol 2009; 107:1763; author reply 1764. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04468.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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45
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Selection of probiotic bacteria for the fermentation of a soy beverage in combination with Streptococcus thermophilus. Food Res Int 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2008.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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46
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Charlier C, Cretenet M, Even S, Le Loir Y. Interactions between Staphylococcus aureus and lactic acid bacteria: An old story with new perspectives. Int J Food Microbiol 2009; 131:30-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2008] [Revised: 06/30/2008] [Accepted: 06/30/2008] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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47
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Biochemistry of non-starter lactic acid bacteria isolate Lactobacillus casei GCRL163: Production of metabolites by stationary-phase cultures. Int Dairy J 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2008.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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48
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Growth and activity of Bulgarian yogurt starter culture in iron-fortified milk. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 35:1109-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-008-0389-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2007] [Accepted: 06/13/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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49
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Saguir FM, de Nadra MCM. Improvement of a Chemically Defined Medium for the Sustained Growth of Lactobacillus plantarum: Nutritional Requirements. Curr Microbiol 2007; 54:414-8. [PMID: 17503149 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-006-0456-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2006] [Accepted: 01/23/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this work were to improve a basal synthetic medium (BM) for the growth of Lactobacillus plantarum strains and to establish their amino-acid requirements. Amino-acid use was analyzed in the most nutritionally demanding bacterium. First, the improved BM (L. plantarum synthetic medium [LPSM]) was created by increasing some vitamins in the BM, especially p-aminobenzoic acid, vitamin B(12), and biotin; 5-fold phenylalanine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, proline, serine, threonine, and tryptophan; and 10-, 60-, and 75-fold valine, arginine, and tyrosine, respectively. With these additions, the N8 and N4 strains of L. plantarum grew rapidly to reach final cell densities similar to those obtained in Mann-Rogosa-Sharpe medium. When cysteine, leucine, valine, isoleucine, threonine, and glutamic acid were individually removed from this medium, bacterial growth significantly decreased or ceased, indicating that these amino acids are essential for growth. The N4 strain also required lysine and tryptophan in addition to the six amino acids necessary for growth. L. plantarum N4 mainly consumed essential amino acids, such as valine, lysine, cysteine, and threonine as well as the stimulatory amino acid, arginine. Thus, the BM was improved mainly on the basis of annulling limitations with respect to amino acids. With this, improved medium cell densities in the order of 10(9) colony-forming units/mL have been achieved, indicating that LPSM medium could be used for conducting metabolic and genetic studies on L. plantarum. Their low levels in orange juice suggest that these amino acids may not satisfy the total nitrogen requirement for the development of L. plantarum in the natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana M Saguir
- Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho, 491 4000, Tucumán, Argentina
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50
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Shene C, Bravo S. Whey fermentation by Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus for exopolysaccharide production in continuous culture. Enzyme Microb Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2006.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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