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Tologana RD, Wikandari R, Rahayu ES, Suroto DA, Utami T. Correlation between the chemical, microbiological and sensory characteristics of cream cheese using a mixed and single probiotic culture. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023; 60:181-189. [PMID: 36268502 PMCID: PMC9568985 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-022-05603-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of mixed culture in the fermentation industry requires more complicated equipment, processes, and monitoring systems; therefore, a single culture may be preferable. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between chemical and microbiological properties and sensory characteristics. In addition, this study aimed to determine the different characteristics of cheese made using single probiotic cultures of Lactobacillus plantarum Dad-13 and Lactobacillus plantarum Kita-3 and mixed culture. The obtained results showed that the chemical characteristics of cream cheese made using single cultures were similar to those of cream cheese made using mixed cultures. The viability of the cells remained high after 35 days of storage for the single culture, which was not the case for the mixed culture. In terms of sensory analysis, cream cheese made using the single culture L. plantarum Kita-3 showed higher overall liking score among the samples, which might correlate with the high ester and ketone content. In addition, there was a strong relationship between the ethyl octanoate and methyl butanol contents and the overall liking score. The results of this study showed that the use of a single culture of L. plantarum Kita-3 could improve the sensory characteristics of cream cheese with probiotic properties. This study also contributed to the development of cream cheese production, particularly in the screening of potential starters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ria Dewiyanti Tologana
- Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Flora No. 1, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, 55281 Indonesia
- Center for Food and Nutrition Studies, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Teknika Utara Street, Barek, Sleman, Yogyakarta, 55281 Indonesia
| | - Rachma Wikandari
- Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Flora No. 1, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, 55281 Indonesia
| | - Endang Sutriswati Rahayu
- Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Flora No. 1, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, 55281 Indonesia
- Center for Food and Nutrition Studies, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Teknika Utara Street, Barek, Sleman, Yogyakarta, 55281 Indonesia
- University Center of Excellence for Research and Application On Integrated Probiotic Industry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281 Indonesia
| | - Dian Anggraini Suroto
- Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Flora No. 1, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, 55281 Indonesia
- Center for Food and Nutrition Studies, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Teknika Utara Street, Barek, Sleman, Yogyakarta, 55281 Indonesia
- University Center of Excellence for Research and Application On Integrated Probiotic Industry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281 Indonesia
| | - Tyas Utami
- Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Flora No. 1, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, 55281 Indonesia
- Center for Food and Nutrition Studies, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Teknika Utara Street, Barek, Sleman, Yogyakarta, 55281 Indonesia
- University Center of Excellence for Research and Application On Integrated Probiotic Industry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281 Indonesia
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2
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He X, Liu P, Tang X, Wang T, Xu Z, Hou D, Wu D, Han N. Construction and analysis of a food-grade Lactiplantibacillus plantarum esterase/lipase overexpression system. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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3
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Jung DH, Yong JH, Hwang W, Yoon MY, Yoon SS. An efficient system for intestinal on-site butyrate production using novel microbiome-derived esterases. J Biol Eng 2021; 15:9. [PMID: 33676548 PMCID: PMC7936488 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-021-00259-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids, especially butyrate, play beneficial roles in sustaining gastrointestinal health. However, due to limitations associated with direct consumption of butyrate, there has been interest in using prodrugs of butyrate. Tributyrin (TB), a triglyceride composed of three butyrate molecules and a glycerol, is a well-studied precursor of butyrate. We screened a metagenome library consisting of 5760 bacterial artificial chromosome clones, with DNA inserts originating from mouse microbiomes, and identified two clones that efficiently hydrolyse TB into butyrate. Nucleotide sequence analysis indicated that inserts in these two clones are derived from unknown microbes. BLASTp analysis, however, revealed that each insert contains a gene homologous to acetylesterase or esterase genes, from Clostridium spp. and Bacteroides spp., respectively. Predicted structures of these two proteins both contain serine-histidine-aspartate catalytic triad, highly conserved in the family of esterases. Escherichia coli host expressing each of the two candidate genes invariably produced greater amounts of butyrate in the presence of TB. Importantly, administration of TB together with cloned E. coli cells alleviated inflammatory symptoms in a mouse model of acute colitis. Based on these results, we established an efficient on-site and real-time butyrate production system that releases butyrate in a controlled manner inside the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dah Hyun Jung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Yong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wontae Hwang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Young Yoon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.,Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Sun Yoon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea. .,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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4
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García-Cano I, Rocha-Mendoza D, Ortega-Anaya J, Wang K, Kosmerl E, Jiménez-Flores R. Lactic acid bacteria isolated from dairy products as potential producers of lipolytic, proteolytic and antibacterial proteins. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:5243-5257. [PMID: 31030287 PMCID: PMC6570704 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09844-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Regular consumption of fermented dairy products helps maintain a healthy microbiota and prevent gut dysbiosis-linked diseases. The lactic acid bacteria (LAB) present in food enhance the digestibility of proteins, moderate the release of fatty acids, and support human health through inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract. These desirable properties of LAB are attributed, in part, to their metabolic processes involving enzymes such as lipases, proteases, and antibacterial proteins. The LAB strains presenting higher enzymatic activities may offer improved functionality for applications in foods. The first aim of this work was to isolate and identify LAB from diverse dairy products and select those with enhanced enzymatic activities. Secondly, this work aimed to investigate the subcellular organization and identity of these enzymes after semi-purification. Out of the total 137 LAB strains isolated and screened, 50.3% and 61.3% of the strains exhibited lipolytic and proteolytic activities, respectively. Seven strains displaying high enzymatic activities were selected and further characterized for the cellular organization of their lipases, proteases, and antibacterial proteins. The lipolytic and proteolytic activities were exhibited predominantly in the extracellular fraction; whereas, the antibacterial activities were found in various cellular fractions and were capable of inhibiting common undesirable microorganisms in foods. In total, two lipases, seven proteases, and three antibacterial proteins were identified by LC-MS/MS. Characterization of LAB strains with high enzymatic activity has potential biotechnological significance in fermentative processes and in human health as they may improve the physicochemical characteristics of foods and displace strains with weaker enzymatic activities in the human gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel García-Cano
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Parker Food Science and Technology Building, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Diana Rocha-Mendoza
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Parker Food Science and Technology Building, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Joana Ortega-Anaya
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Parker Food Science and Technology Building, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Karen Wang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Parker Food Science and Technology Building, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Erica Kosmerl
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Parker Food Science and Technology Building, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Rafael Jiménez-Flores
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Parker Food Science and Technology Building, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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Gao P, Jiang Q, Xu Y, Xia W. Biosynthesis of acetate esters by dominate strains, isolated from Chinese traditional fermented fish (Suan yu). Food Chem 2018; 244:44-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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6
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Achari GA, Ramesh R. Characterization of quorum quenching enzymes from endophytic and rhizosphere colonizing bacteria. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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7
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Xu Y, Sun Z. Regulation of S-formylglutathione hydrolase by the anti-aging gene klotho. Oncotarget 2017; 8:88259-88275. [PMID: 29179433 PMCID: PMC5687603 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Klotho is an aging-suppressor gene. The purpose of this study is to investigate the binding sites (receptors) and function of short-form Klotho (Skl). We showed that Skl physically bound to multiple proteins. We found physical and functional interactions between Skl and S-formylglutathione hydrolase (FGH), a key enzyme in the generation of the major cellular anti-oxidant GSH, using co-immunoprecipitation-coupled mass spectrometry. We further confirmed the colocalization of Skl and FGH around the nucleus in kidney cells using immunofluorescent staining. Skl positively regulated FGH gene expression via Kid3 transcription factor. Overexpression of Skl increased FGH mRNA and protein expression while silencing of Skl attenuated FGH mRNA and protein expression. Klotho gene mutation suppressed FGH expression in red blood cells and kidneys resulting in anemia and kidney damage in mice. Overexpression of Skl increased total GSH production and the GSH/GSSG ratio, an index of anti-oxidant capacity, leading to a decrease in intracellular H2O2 and superoxide levels. The antioxidant activity of Skl was eliminated by silencing of FGH, indicating that Skl increased GSH via FGH. Interestingly, Skl directly interacted with FGH and regulated its function. Site-directed mutagenesis of the N-glycan-modified residues in Skl abolished its antioxidant activity, suggesting that these N-glycan moieties are important features that interact with FGH. Specific mutation of Asp to Ala at site 285 resulted in a loss of anti-oxidant activity of Skl, suggesting that N-glycosylation at site 285 is the key mechanism that determines Skl activity. Therefore, this study demonstrates, for the first time, that Skl regulates anti-oxidant GSH generation via interaction with FGH through N-glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuechi Xu
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Zhongjie Sun
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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8
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Chen C, Zhao S, Hao G, Yu H, Tian H, Zhao G. Role of lactic acid bacteria on the yogurt flavour: A review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2017.1295988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Zhao
- College of Agriculture, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, P.R. China
| | - Guangfei Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
- College of Agriculture, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Yu
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Huaixiang Tian
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Guozhong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
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9
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Kim J, Seok SH, Hong E, Yoo TH, Seo MD, Ryu Y. Crystal structure and characterization of esterase Est25 mutants reveal improved enantioselectivity toward (S)-ketoprofen ethyl ester. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 101:2333-2342. [PMID: 27915377 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7989-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Esterases comprise a group of enzymes that catalyze the cleavage and synthesis of ester bonds. They are important in biotechnological applications owing to their enantioselectivity, regioselectivity, broad substrate specificity, and the fact that they do not require cofactors. In a previous study, we isolated the esterase Est25 from a metagenomic library. Est25 showed catalytic activity toward the (R,S)-ketoprofen ethyl ester but had low enantioselectivity toward the (S)-ketoprofen ethyl ester. Because (S)-ketoprofen has stronger anti-inflammatory effects and fewer side effects than (R)-ketoprofen, enantioselectivity of this esterase is important. In this study, we generated Est25 mutants with improved enantioselectivity toward the (S)-ketoprofen ethyl ester; improved enantioselectivity of mutants was established by analysis of their crystal structures. The enantioselectivity of mutants was influenced by substitution of Phe72 and Leu255. Substituting these residues changed the size of the binding pocket and the entrance hole that leads to the active site. The enantioselectivity of Est25 (E = 1.1 ± 0.0) was improved in the mutants F72G (E = 1.9 ± 0.2), L255W (E = 16.1 ± 1.1), and F72G/L255W (E = 60.1 ± 0.5). Finally, characterization of Est25 mutants was performed by determining the optimum reaction conditions, thermostability, effect of additives, and substrate specificity after substituting Phe72 and Leu255.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyeong Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
| | | | - Eunsoo Hong
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
| | - Tae Hyeon Yoo
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
| | - Min-Duk Seo
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, South Korea. .,College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, South Korea.
| | - Yeonwoo Ryu
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, South Korea.
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10
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Darsonval M, Alexandre H, Grandvalet C. Genetically engineered Oenococcus oeni strains to highlight the impact of estA2 and estA7 esterase genes on wine ester profile. Food Microbiol 2016; 60:21-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Cloning and characterization of a novel thermostable esterase from Bacillus gelatini KACC 12197. Protein Expr Purif 2015; 116:90-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Physiological and proteomic analysis of Lactobacillus casei in response to acid adaptation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 41:1533-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-014-1487-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the acid tolerance response (ATR) in Lactobacillus casei by a combined physiological and proteomic analysis. To optimize the ATR induction, cells were acid adapted for 1 h at different pHs, and then acid challenged at pH 3.5. The result showed that acid adaptation improved acid tolerance, and the highest survival was observed in cells adapted at pH 4.5 for 1 h. Analysis of the physiological data showed that the acid-adapted cells exhibited higher intracellular pH (pHi), intracellular NH4+ content, and lower inner permeability compared with the cells without adaptation. Proteomic analysis was performed upon acid adaptation to different pHs (pH 6.5 vs. pH 4.5) using two-dimensional electrophoresis. A total of 24 proteins that exhibited at least 1.5-fold differential expression were identified. Four proteins (Pgk, LacD, Hpr, and Galm) involved in carbohydrate catabolism and five classic stress response proteins (GroEL, GrpE, Dnak, Hspl, and LCAZH_2811) were up-regulated after acid adaptation at pH 4.5 for 1 h. Validation of the proteomic data was performed by quantitative RT-PCR, and transcriptional regulation of all selected genes showed a positive correlation with the proteomic patterns of the identified proteins. Results presented in this study may be useful for further elucidating the acid tolerance mechanisms and may help in formulating new strategies to improve the industrial performance of this species during acid stress.
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Esteban-Torres M, Mancheño JM, de las Rivas B, Muñoz R. Production and characterization of a tributyrin esterase from Lactobacillus plantarum suitable for cheese lipolysis. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:6737-44. [PMID: 25173466 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus plantarum is a lactic acid bacterium that can be found during cheese ripening. Lipolysis of milk triacylglycerols to free fatty acids during cheese ripening has fundamental consequences on cheese flavor. In the present study, the gene lp_1760, encoding a putative esterase or lipase, was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) and the overproduced Lp_1760 protein was biochemically characterized. Lp_1760 hydrolyzed p-nitrophenyl esters of fatty acids from C2 to C16, with a preference for p-nitrophenyl butyrate. On triglycerides, Lp_1760 showed higher activity on tributyrin than on triacetin. Although optimal conditions for activity were 45°C and pH 7, Lp_1760 retains activity under conditions commonly found during cheese making and ripening. The Lp_1760 showed more than 50% activity at 5°C and exhibited thermal stability at high temperatures. Enzymatic activity was strongly inhibited by sodium dodecyl sulfate and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride. The Lp_1760 tributyrin esterase showed high activity in the presence of NaCl, lactic acid, and calcium chloride. The results suggest that Lp_1760 might be a useful tributyrin esterase to be used in cheese manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Esteban-Torres
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Bacteriana, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICTAN-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - J M Mancheño
- Grupo de Cristalografía y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Química-Física "Rocasolano"-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQFR-CSIC), Serrano 117, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - B de las Rivas
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Bacteriana, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICTAN-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - R Muñoz
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Bacteriana, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICTAN-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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Esteban-Torres M, Barcenilla JM, Mancheño JM, de las Rivas B, Muñoz R. Characterization of a versatile arylesterase from Lactobacillus plantarum active on wine esters. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:5118-5125. [PMID: 24856385 DOI: 10.1021/jf500991m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The gene lp_1002 from Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 encoding a putative lipase/esterase was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). The purified Lp_1002 protein was biochemically characterized. Lp_1002 is an arylesterase which showed high hydrolytic activity on phenyl acetate. Although to a lesser extent, Lp_1002 also hydrolyzed most of the esters assayed including relevant wine aroma compounds. Importantly, Lp_1002 exhibited hydrolytic activity at winemaking conditions, although optimal catalytic activity is observed at 40 °C and pH 5-7. The effect of wine compounds on Lp_1002 activity was assayed. From the compounds assayed (ethanol, sodium metabisulfite, and malic, tartaric, lactic and citric acids), only malic acid slightly inhibited Lp_1002 activity. Lp_1002 is the first arylesterase described in a wine lactic acid bacteria and possessed suitable biochemical properties to be used during winemaking.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Esteban-Torres
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Bacteriana, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición, ICTAN-CSIC , Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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Sumby KM, Jiranek V, Grbin PR. Ester synthesis and hydrolysis in an aqueous environment, and strain specific changes during malolactic fermentation in wine with Oenococcus oeni. Food Chem 2013; 141:1673-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.03.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Sumby K, Grbin P, Jiranek V. Characterization of EstCOo8 and EstC34, intracellular esterases, from the wine-associated lactic acid bacteria Oenococcus oeni
and Lactobacillus hilgardii. J Appl Microbiol 2012; 114:413-22. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K.M. Sumby
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine; The University of Adelaide; Glen Osmond SA Australia
| | - P.R. Grbin
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine; The University of Adelaide; Glen Osmond SA Australia
| | - V. Jiranek
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine; The University of Adelaide; Glen Osmond SA Australia
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Wu R, Zhang W, Sun T, Wu J, Yue X, Meng H, Zhang H. Proteomic analysis of responses of a new probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus casei Zhang to low acid stress. Int J Food Microbiol 2011; 147:181-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Revised: 03/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Slattery L, O’Callaghan J, Fitzgerald G, Beresford T, Ross R. Invited review: Lactobacillus helveticus—A thermophilic dairy starter related to gut bacteria. J Dairy Sci 2010; 93:4435-54. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2010-3327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2010] [Accepted: 05/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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Nam KH, Park SH, Lee WH, Hwang KY. Biochemical and Structural Analysis of Hormone-sensitive Lipase Homolog EstE7: Insight into the Stabilized Dimerization of HSL-Homolog Proteins. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2010. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2010.31.9.2627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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Immobilization of a Recombinant Esterase from Lactobacillus plantarum on Polypropylene Accurel MP1000. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2010; 163:304-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-010-9039-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2010] [Accepted: 07/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Sumby KM, Grbin PR, Jiranek V. Microbial modulation of aromatic esters in wine: Current knowledge and future prospects. Food Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Liu M, Bayjanov JR, Renckens B, Nauta A, Siezen RJ. The proteolytic system of lactic acid bacteria revisited: a genomic comparison. BMC Genomics 2010; 11:36. [PMID: 20078865 PMCID: PMC2827410 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-11-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2009] [Accepted: 01/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are a group of gram-positive, lactic acid producing Firmicutes. They have been extensively used in food fermentations, including the production of various dairy products. The proteolytic system of LAB converts proteins to peptides and then to amino acids, which is essential for bacterial growth and also contributes significantly to flavor compounds as end-products. Recent developments in high-throughput genome sequencing and comparative genomics hybridization arrays provide us with opportunities to explore the diversity of the proteolytic system in various LAB strains. Results We performed a genome-wide comparative genomics analysis of proteolytic system components, including cell-wall bound proteinase, peptide transporters and peptidases, in 22 sequenced LAB strains. The peptidase families PepP/PepQ/PepM, PepD and PepI/PepR/PepL are described as examples of our in silico approach to refine the distinction of subfamilies with different enzymatic activities. Comparison of protein 3D structures of proline peptidases PepI/PepR/PepL and esterase A allowed identification of a conserved core structure, which was then used to improve phylogenetic analysis and functional annotation within this protein superfamily. The diversity of proteolytic system components in 39 Lactococcus lactis strains was explored using pangenome comparative genome hybridization analysis. Variations were observed in the proteinase PrtP and its maturation protein PrtM, in one of the Opp transport systems and in several peptidases between strains from different Lactococcus subspecies or from different origin. Conclusions The improved functional annotation of the proteolytic system components provides an excellent framework for future experimental validations of predicted enzymatic activities. The genome sequence data can be coupled to other "omics" data e.g. transcriptomics and metabolomics for prediction of proteolytic and flavor-forming potential of LAB strains. Such an integrated approach can be used to tune the strain selection process in food fermentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjin Liu
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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Cloning and characterization of an intracellular esterase from the wine-associated lactic acid bacterium Oenococcus oeni. Appl Environ Microbiol 2009; 75:6729-35. [PMID: 19734337 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01563-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the cloning and characterization of EstB28, the first esterase to be so characterized from the wine-associated lactic acid bacterium, Oenococcus oeni. The published sequence for O. oeni strain PSU-1 was used to identify putative esterase genes and design PCR primers in order to amplify the corresponding region from strain Ooeni28, an isolate intended for inoculation of wines. In this way a 912-bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a putative esterase of 34.5 kDa was obtained. The amino acid sequence indicated that EstB28 is a member of family IV of lipolytic enzymes and contains the GDSAG motif common to other lactic acid bacteria. This ORF was cloned into Escherichia coli using an appropriate expression system, and the recombinant esterase was purified. Characterization of EstB28 revealed that the optimum temperature, pH, and ethanol concentration were 40 degrees C, pH 5.0, and 28% (vol/vol), respectively. EstB28 also retained marked activity under conditions relevant to winemaking (10 to 20 degrees C, pH 3.5, 14% [vol/vol] ethanol). Kinetic constants were determined for EstB28 with p-nitrophenyl (pNP)-linked substrates ranging in chain length from C(2) to C(18). EstB28 exhibited greatest specificity for C(2) to C(4) pNP-linked substrates.
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Regulatory phenotyping reveals important diversity within the species Lactococcus lactis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2009; 75:5687-94. [PMID: 19592532 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00919-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The diversity in regulatory phenotypes among a collection of 84 Lactococcus lactis strains isolated from dairy and nondairy origin was explored. The specific activities of five enzymes were assessed in cell extracts of all strains grown in two different media, a nutritionally rich broth and a relatively poor chemically defined medium. The five investigated enzymes, branched chain aminotransferase (BcaT), aminopeptidase N (PepN), X-prolyl dipeptidyl peptidase (PepX), alpha-hydroxyisocaproic acid dehydrogenase (HicDH), and esterase, are involved in nitrogen and fatty acid metabolism and catalyze key steps in the production of important dairy flavor compounds. The investigated cultures comprise 75 L. lactis subsp. lactis isolates (including 7 L. lactis subsp. lactis biovar diacetylactis isolates) and 9 L. lactis subsp. cremoris isolates. All L. lactis subsp. cremoris and 22 L. lactis subsp. lactis (including 6 L. lactis subsp. lactis biovar diacetylactis) cultures originated from a dairy environment. All other cultures originated from (fermented) plant materials and were isolated at different geographic locations. Correlation analysis of specific enzyme activities revealed significantly different regulatory phenotypes for dairy and nondairy isolates. The enzyme activities in the two investigated media were in general poorly correlated and revealed a high degree of regulatory diversity within this collection of closely related strains. To the best of our knowledge, these results represent the most extensive diversity analysis of regulatory phenotypes within a single bacterial species to date. The presented findings underline the importance of the availability of screening procedures for, e.g., industrially relevant enzyme activities in models closely mimicking application conditions. Moreover, they corroborate the notion that regulatory changes are important drivers of evolution.
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Nam KH, Kim MY, Kim SJ, Priyadarshi A, Kwon ST, Koo BS, Yoon SH, Hwang KY. Structural and functional analysis of a novel hormone-sensitive lipase from a metagenome library. Proteins 2009; 74:1036-40. [DOI: 10.1002/prot.22313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Nam KH, Kim MY, Kim SJ, Priyadarshi A, Lee WH, Hwang KY. Structural and functional analysis of a novel EstE5 belonging to the subfamily of hormone-sensitive lipase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 379:553-6. [PMID: 19116143 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.12.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2008] [Accepted: 12/16/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) plays an important role in the regulation of rodent fat cell lipolysis. It is regarded as an adipose tissue-specific enzyme whose sole metabolic role is the catalysis of hormone-stimulated lipolysis in mammalian cells. In this report we describe the functional and structural analysis of an EstE5 protein from a soil metagenome library. Function analysis results indicated that EstE5 preferentially hydrolyzes short-chain ester compounds, and our kinetic studies revealed the optimal pH and temperature. Based on the structural analysis, we defined the active site and the binding pocket. Structurally, EstE5 belongs to the HSL family and these structural studies may have applications in the production of value-added products, including pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Hyun Nam
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
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27
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Liu M, Nauta A, Francke C, Siezen RJ. Comparative genomics of enzymes in flavor-forming pathways from amino acids in lactic acid bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 2008; 74:4590-600. [PMID: 18539796 PMCID: PMC2519355 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00150-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mengjin Liu
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Mofredj A, Bahloul H, Chanut C. [Lactococcus lactis: an opportunistic bacterium?]. Med Mal Infect 2007; 37:200-7. [PMID: 17336016 DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2007.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2006] [Accepted: 01/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lactic bacteria have been used for centuries to ferment food and thus, to better preserve them. Considered as inoffensive for man, its use has largely spread in food industry. Some species are even being considered for the treatment of human diseases. Indeed, the development of new cellular biology technologies opens opportunities for the use of these bacteria as biotherapeutic agents. These species would produce heterogeneous proteins such as enzymes (lipase, lactase, esterase), chemical mediators (hormones and interleukins), and molecules able to stimulate local immune responses. However, rare cases of human infection, sometimes severe, were reported recently. They generally occured in patients with comorbidities with consumption of unpasteurized dairy products reported for some. The scarcity of these cases and their favorable outcome should not hinder the industrial and medical use of these bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mofredj
- Service de Réanimation, Centre Hospitalier Général de Salon-de-Provence, 207, avenue Julien-Fabre, BP 321, 13658 Salon-de-Provence cedex, France.
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Azarnia S, Robert N, Lee B. Biotechnological methods to accelerate cheddar cheese ripening. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2006; 26:121-43. [PMID: 16923531 DOI: 10.1080/07388550600840525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Cheese is one of the dairy products that can result from the enzymatic coagulation of milk. The basic steps of the transformation of milk into cheese are coagulation, draining, and ripening. Ripening is the complex process required for the development of a cheese's flavor, texture and aroma. Proteolysis, lipolysis and glycolysis are the three main biochemical reactions that are responsible for the basic changes during the maturation period. As ripening is a relatively expensive process for the cheese industry, reducing maturation time without destroying the quality of the ripened cheese has economic and technological benefits. Elevated ripening temperatures, addition of enzymes, addition of cheese slurry, attenuated starters, adjunct cultures, genetically engineered starters and recombinant enzymes and microencapsulation of ripening enzymes are traditional and modern methods used to accelerate cheese ripening. In this context, an up to date review of Cheddar cheese ripening is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorayya Azarnia
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
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Immonen N, Karp M. Bioluminescence-based bioassays for rapid detection of nisin in food. Biosens Bioelectron 2006; 22:1982-7. [PMID: 16996730 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2006.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2006] [Revised: 08/01/2006] [Accepted: 08/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a method for determining ultralow amounts of nisin in food samples that is based on luminescent biosensor bacteria. Modified bacterial luciferase operon luxABCDE was placed under control of the nisin-inducible nisA promoter in plasmid pNZ8048, and the construct was transformed into Lactococcus lactis strains NZ9800 and NZ9000. The nisRK genes of these strains allow them to sense nisin and relay the signal to initiate transcription from nisA promoter. The resulting luminescence can be directly measured from living bacteria without the addition of exogenous substrates. Induction leads to detectable luminescence within ten minutes. Lyophilization of the biosensor cells produced viable and inducible sensor elements that can be utilized as freshly cultivated cells for rapid detection of nisin. The linear dose-response relationship perceived in the assay facilitates quantification of nisin in samples. The sensitivity of the nisin bioassay was 0.1 pg/ml in pure solution and 3 pg/ml in milk, exceeding the performance of all previously reported methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Immonen
- Tampere University of Technology, Institute of Environmental Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box 541, FIN-33101 Tampere, Finland.
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31
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Mandrich L, Manco G, Rossi M, Floris E, Jansen-van den Bosch T, Smit G, Wouters JA. Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius thermophilic esterase EST2's activity in milk and cheese models. Appl Environ Microbiol 2006; 72:3191-7. [PMID: 16672457 PMCID: PMC1472309 DOI: 10.1128/aem.72.5.3191-3197.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate the behavior of thermophilic esterase EST2 from Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius in milk and cheese models. The pure enzyme was used to compare the EST2 hydrolytic activity to the activity of endogenous esterase EstA from Lactococcus lactis. The results indicate that EST2 exhibits 30-fold-higher esterase activity than EstA. As EstA has thioesterase activity, EST2 was assayed for this activity under the optimal conditions determined for EstA (namely, 30 degrees C and pH 7.5). Although it is a thermophilic enzyme, EST2 exhibited eightfold-higher thioesterase activity than EstA with S-methyl thiobutanoate. The abilities of EST2 and EstA to synthesize short-chain fatty acid esters were compared. Two methods were developed to do this. In the first method a spectrophotometric assay was used to monitor the synthesis of esters by the pure enzymes using p-nitrophenol as the alcohol substrate. The synthetic activities were also evaluated under conditions that mimicked those present in milk and/or cheese. The second method involved evaluation of the synthetic abilities of the enzymes when they were directly added to a model cheese matrix. Substantial ester synthesis by EST2 was observed under both conditions. Finally, esterase and thioesterase activities were evaluated in milk using the purified EST2 enzyme and in the model cheese matrix using a strain of L. lactis NZ9000 harboring the EST2 gene and thus overproducing EST2. Both the esterase and thioesterase activities measured in milk and in the cheese matrix were much greater than the activities of the controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Mandrich
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
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32
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Hickey D, Kilcawley K, Beresford T, Sheehan E, Wilkinson M. The influence of a seasonal milk supply on the biochemical and sensory properties of Cheddar cheese. Int Dairy J 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2005.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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33
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Kim YJ, Choi GS, Kim SB, Yoon GS, Kim YS, Ryu YW. Screening and characterization of a novel esterase from a metagenomic library. Protein Expr Purif 2006; 45:315-23. [PMID: 16061395 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2005.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2005] [Revised: 06/14/2005] [Accepted: 06/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Metagenomes from various environmental soils were screened using alpha-naphthyl acetate and Fast Blue RR for a novel ester-hydrolyzing enzyme on Escherichia coli. Stepwise fragmentations and subcloning of the initial insert DNA (30-40 kb) using restriction enzymes selected to exclude already known esterases with subsequent screenings resulted in a positive clone with a 2.5-kb DNA fragment. The cloned sequence included an open reading frame consisting of 1089 bp, designated as est25, encoding a protein of 363 amino acids with a molecular mass of about 38.3 kDa. Amino acid sequence analysis revealed only moderate identity (< or = 48%) to the known esterases/lipases in the databases containing the conserved sequence motifs of esterases/lipases, such as HGGG (residues 124-127), GxSxG (residues 199-203), and the putative catalytic triad composed of Ser201, Asp303, and His333. Est25 was functionally overexpressed in a soluble form in E. coli with optimal activity at pH 7.0 and 25 degrees C. The purified Est25 exhibited hydrolyzing activity toward p-nitrophenyl (NP)-fatty acyl esters with short-length acyl chains (< or = C6) with the highest activity toward p-NP-acetate (Km=1.0 mM and Vmax = 63.7 U/mg), but not with chain lengths > or = C8, demonstrating that Est25 is an esterase originated most likely from a mesophilic microorganism in soils. Est25 efficiently hydrolyzed (R,S)-ketoprofen ethyl ester with Km of 16.4 mM and Vmax of 59.1 U/mg with slight enantioselectivity toward (R)-ketoprofen ethyl ester. This study demonstrates that functional screening combined with the sequential uses of restriction enzymes to exclude already known enzymes is a useful approach for isolating novel enzymes from a metagenome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Jung Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, College of Engineering, Ajou University, San 5, Woncheon-dong, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea
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Cloning and characterisation of the main intracellular esterase from Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4501(06)80017-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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35
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Mierau I, Kleerebezem M. 10 years of the nisin-controlled gene expression system (NICE) in Lactococcus lactis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2005; 68:705-17. [PMID: 16088349 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-005-0107-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 375] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2005] [Revised: 07/13/2005] [Accepted: 07/17/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Lactococcus lactis is a Gram-positive lactic acid bacterium that, in addition to its traditional use in food fermentations, is increasingly used in modern biotechnological applications. In the last 25 years great progress has been made in the development of genetic engineering tools and the molecular characterization of this species. A new versatile and tightly controlled gene expression system, based on the auto-regulation mechanism of the bacteriocin nisin, was developed 10 years ago-the NIsin Controlled gene Expression system, called NICE. This system has become one of the most successful and widely used tools for regulated gene expression in Gram-positive bacteria. The review describes, after a brief introduction of the host bacterium L. lactis, the fundaments, components and function of the NICE system. Furthermore, an extensive overview is provided of the different applications in lactococci and other Gram-positive bacteria: (1) over-expression of homologous and heterologous genes for functional studies and to obtain large quantities of specific gene products, (2) metabolic engineering, (3) expression of prokaryotic and eukaryotic membrane proteins, (4) protein secretion and anchoring in the cell envelope, (5) expression of genes with toxic products and analysis of essential genes and (6) large-scale applications. Finally, an overview is given of growth and induction conditions for lab-scale and industrial-scale applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Mierau
- NIZO food research, P.O. Box 20, 6710, Ede, The Netherlands.
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36
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Smit G, Smit BA, Engels WJ. Flavour formation by lactic acid bacteria and biochemical flavour profiling of cheese products. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fmrre.2005.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 536] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Alewijn M, Sliwinski E, Wouters J. Production of fat-derived (flavour) compounds during the ripening of Gouda cheese. Int Dairy J 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2004.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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38
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Holland R, Liu SQ, Crow V, Delabre ML, Lubbers M, Bennett M, Norris G. Esterases of lactic acid bacteria and cheese flavour: Milk fat hydrolysis, alcoholysis and esterification. Int Dairy J 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2004.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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39
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Yebra MJ, Viana R, Monedero V, Deutscher J, Pérez-Martínez G. An Esterase Gene from Lactobacillus casei Cotranscribed with Genes Encoding a Phosphoenolpyruvate:Sugar Phosphotransferase System and Regulated by a LevR-Like Activator and σ 54 Factor. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 2005; 8:117-28. [PMID: 15925903 DOI: 10.1159/000084567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A new esterase-encoding gene was found in the draft genome sequence of Lactobacillus casei BL23 (CECT5275). It is located in an operon together with genes encoding the EIIA, EIIB, EIIC, and EIID proteins of a mannose class phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system. After overproduction in Escherichia coli and purification, the esterase could hydrolyze acetyl sugars, hence the operon was named esu for esterase-sugar uptake genes. Upstream of the genes encoding the EII components (esuABCD) and the esterase (esuE), two genes transcribed in the opposite sense were found which encode a Bacillus subtilis LevR-like transcriptional activator (esuR) and a sigma54-like transcriptional factor (rpoN). As compared with the wild-type strain, elevated fructose phosphorylation was detected in L. casei mutants constitutively expressing the esu operon. However, none of the many sugars tested could induce the esu operon. The fact that EsuE exhibits esterase activity on acetyl sugars suggests that this operon could be involved in the uptake and metabolism of esterified sugars. Expression of the esu operon is similar to that of the B. subtilis lev operon: it contains a -12,-24 consensus promoter typical of sigma54-regulated genes, and EsuR and RpoN are essential for its transcription which is negatively regulated by EIIB(Esu). The esuABCDE transcription unit represents the first sigma54-regulated operon in lactobacilli. Furthermore, replacement of His852 in the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system regulation domain II of EsuR with Ala indicated that the transcription activator function of EsuR is inhibited by EIIB(Esu)-mediated phosphorylation at His852.
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Affiliation(s)
- María J Yebra
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, CSIC, Burjassot, Spain
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Liu SQ, Baker K, Bennett M, Holland R, Norris G, Crow V. Characterisation of esterases of Streptococcus thermophilus ST1 and Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris B1079 as alcohol acyltransferases. Int Dairy J 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2004.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Kleerebezem M. Quorum sensing control of lantibiotic production; nisin and subtilin autoregulate their own biosynthesis. Peptides 2004; 25:1405-14. [PMID: 15374644 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2003.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2003] [Accepted: 10/15/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Lantibiotics are produced by a variety of Gram-positive bacteria. The production of these peptides appears to be regulated at the transcriptional level in a cell-density-dependent manner in various bacteria. This phenomenon has been studied in detail for the production of nisin by Lactococcus lactis, and the production of the structurally similar subtilin by Bacillus subtilis. In this paper, the molecular mechanism underlying regulation of nisin and subtilin production is reviewed. This quorum sensing, autoregulatory module includes the lantibiotics themselves as peptide pheromones, the signal transduction by the corresponding two-component regulatory systems, and the lantibiotic-responsive promoter elements in the biosynthesis gene clusters. Finally, the exploitation of these regulatory characteristics for the development of highly effective controlled gene expression systems in Gram-positive bacteria is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel Kleerebezem
- NIZO Food Research, Wageningen Centre for Food Sciences, Kernhemseweg 2, PO Box 20, 6710 BA Ede, The Netherlands.
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Choi YJ, Miguez CB, Lee BH. Characterization and heterologous gene expression of a novel esterase from Lactobacillus casei CL96. Appl Environ Microbiol 2004; 70:3213-21. [PMID: 15184114 PMCID: PMC427766 DOI: 10.1128/aem.70.6.3213-3221.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2003] [Accepted: 02/19/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel esterase gene (estI) of Lactobacillus casei CL96 was localized on a 3.3-kb BamHI DNA fragment containing an open reading frame (ORF) of 1,800 bp. The ORF of estI was isolated by PCR and expressed in Escherichia coli, the methylotrophic bacterium Methylobacterium extorquens, and the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris under the control of T7, methanol dehydrogenase (P(mxaF)), and alcohol oxidase (AOX1) promoters, respectively. The amino acid sequence of EstI indicated that the esterase is a novel member of the GHSMG family of lipolytic enzymes and that the enzyme contains a lipase-like catalytic triad, consisting of Ser325, Asp516, and His558. E. coli BL21(DE3)/pLysS containing estI expressed a novel 67.5-kDa protein corresponding to EstI in an N-terminal fusion with the S. tag peptide. The recombinant L. casei CL96 EstI protein was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity in a one-step affinity chromatography procedure on S-protein agarose. The optimum pH and temperature of the purified enzyme were 7.0 and 37 degrees C, respectively. Among the pNP (p-nitrophenyl) esters tested, the most selective substrate was pNP-caprylate (C(8)), with K(m) and k(cat) values of 14 +/- 1.08 microM and 1,245 +/- 42.3 S(-1), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young J Choi
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada
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Enhanced thermostability and tolerance of high substrate concentration of an esterase by directed evolution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2003.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Fenster KM, Rankin SA, Steele JL. Accumulation of Short n-Chain Ethyl Esters by Esterases of Lactic Acid Bacteria Under Conditions Simulating Ripening Parmesan Cheese. J Dairy Sci 2003; 86:2818-25. [PMID: 14507018 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(03)73879-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
EstA from Lactobacillus helveticus CNRZ32 (Lbh-EstA), EstB, and EstC from Lactobacillus casei LILA, and EstA from Lactococcus lactis MG1363 (Lcl-EstA) were evaluated for their ability to accumulate esters in a model system simulating Parmesan cheese ripening conditions (10 degrees C, 2 to 3% NaCl, pH 5.4 to 5.5, aw = 0.850 to 0.925) using Capalase K from kid goat as a positive control. All of the LAB esterases and Capalase K mediated the accumulation of esters in the model system in an enzyme specific manner, which was influenced by a, and selectivity for fatty acid chain-length. In general, enzyme mediated accumulation of ethyl esters was higher at aw values of 0.850 and 0.900 than at aw of 0.925, demonstrating that aw is a critical parameter influencing ester accumulation. The substrate selectivity of esterases, aw, and enzyme type may be important factors in the development of fruity flavors, as evidenced by results in this model system simulating Parmesan cheese ripening conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Fenster
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706, USA
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Fenster KM, Parkin KL, Steele JL. Nucleotide sequencing, purification, and biochemical properties of an arylesterase from Lactobacillus casei LILA. J Dairy Sci 2003; 86:2547-57. [PMID: 12939078 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(03)73849-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
An esterase gene, designated estB, was isolated from a genomic library of Lactobacillus casei LILA. Nucleotide sequencing of the estB gene revealed a 954-bp open reading frame encoding a putative peptide of 35.7 kDa. The deduced amino acid sequence of EstB contained the characteristic GXSXG active-site serine motifidentified in most lipases and esterases. An EstB fusion protein containing a C-terminal 6-histidine tag was constructed and purified to electrophoretic homogeneity by affinity chromatography. The native molecular weight of EstB was 216.5 +/- 2.5 kDa, while the subunit molecular weight was 36.7 +/- 1.0 kDa. Optimum pH, temperature, and NaCl concentration for EstB were determined to be pH 7.0,50 to 55 degrees C, and 15% NaCl, respectively. EstB had significant activity under conditions simulating those of ripening cheese (pH 5.1, 10 degrees C, and 4% NaCl). Kinetic constants (KM and Vmax) were determined for EstB action on a variety of ethyl esters and ester compounds consisting of substituted phenyl alcohols and short n-chain fatty acids. For comparison purposes, EstA from Lb. helveticus CNRZ32 was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity and its substrate selectivity determined in a similar fashion. Different substrate selectivities were observed for EstB and EstA.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Fenster
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706, USA
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Yurimoto H, Lee B, Yano T, Sakai Y, Kato N. Physiological role of S-formylglutathione hydrolase in C(1) metabolism of the methylotrophic yeast Candida boidinii. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2003; 149:1971-1979. [PMID: 12904537 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.26320-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The methylotrophic yeast Candida boidinii exhibits S-formylglutathione hydrolase activity (FGH, EC 3.1.2.12), which is involved in the glutathione-dependent formaldehyde oxidation pathway during growth on methanol as the sole carbon source. The structural gene, FGH1, was cloned from C. boidinii, and its predicted amino acid sequence showed more than 60 % similarity to those of FGHs from Paracoccus denitrificans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and human esterase D. FGH from C. boidinii contained a C-terminal tripeptide, SKL, which is a type I peroxisome-targeting signal, and a bimodal distribution of FGH between peroxisomes and the cytosol was demonstrated. The FGH1 gene was disrupted in the C. boidinii genome by one-step gene disruption. The fgh1Delta strain was still able to grow on methanol as a carbon source under methanol-limited chemostat conditions with low dilution rates (D<0.05 h(-1)), conditions under which a strain with disruption of the gene for formaldehyde dehydrogenase (another enzyme involved in the formaldehyde oxidation pathway) could not survive. These results suggested that FGH is not essential but necessary for optimal growth on methanol. This is believed to be the first report of detailed analyses of the FGH1 gene in a methylotrophic yeast strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroya Yurimoto
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Bumjun Lee
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Taisuke Yano
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Sakai
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Nobuo Kato
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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