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Matera MG, Capristo C, de Novellis V, Cazzola M. The ongoing challenge of prevention of pertussis in infants: what's new in 2024? Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2025; 23:247-263. [PMID: 40051224 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2025.2476010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2025] [Indexed: 05/03/2025]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pertussis, a respiratory disease caused primarily by Bordetella pertussis, is undergoing a resurgence despite decades of high rates of vaccination. The prevention of pertussis in infants presents several challenges, including the waning immunity of the acellular pertussis (aP) vaccine, the limited protection afforded to newborns before they complete the vaccine series, and the existence of gaps in maternal vaccination. Furthermore, the unwillingness or refusal of a considerable number of individuals, including some healthcare workers, to receive vaccinations represents another significant challenge. AREAS COVERED This narrative review provides an updated overview of the ongoing challenge of preventing pertussis in infants and discusses some possible solutions. EXPERT OPINION The ongoing challenge of preventing pertussis in infants is multifaceted. To address these challenging issues, a multi-pronged approach is required. This approach should be designed to address various barriers and increase uptake. It should include measures to strengthen maternal vaccination programs, ensure timely infant vaccinations, improve public education, and continue research into more effective vaccines with longer-lasting immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gabriella Matera
- Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Capristo
- Unit of Pediatrics, Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - Vito de Novellis
- Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Cazzola
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
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Ridelfi M, Pierleoni G, Zucconi Galli Fonseca V, Batani G, Rappuoli R, Sala C. State of the Art and Emerging Technologies in Vaccine Design for Respiratory Pathogens. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2025. [PMID: 39870103 DOI: 10.1055/a-2500-1878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2025]
Abstract
In this review, we present the efforts made so far in developing effective solutions to prevent infections caused by seven major respiratory pathogens: influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Bordetella pertussis, Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus), Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Advancements driven by the recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis have largely focused on viruses, but effective prophylactic solutions for bacterial pathogens are also needed, especially in light of the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) phenomenon. Here, we discuss various innovative key technologies that can help address this critical need, such as (a) the development of Lung-on-Chip ex vivo models to gain a better understanding of the pathogenesis process and the host-microbe interactions; (b) a more thorough investigation of the mechanisms behind mucosal immunity as the first line of defense against pathogens; (c) the identification of correlates of protection (CoPs) which, in conjunction with the Reverse Vaccinology 2.0 approach, can push a more rational and targeted design of vaccines. By focusing on these critical areas, we expect substantial progress in the development of new vaccines against respiratory bacterial pathogens, thereby enhancing global health protection in the framework of the increasingly concerning AMR emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Ridelfi
- Monoclonal Antibody Discovery (MAD) Lab, Fondazione Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giulio Pierleoni
- Monoclonal Antibody Discovery (MAD) Lab, Fondazione Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Giampiero Batani
- Monoclonal Antibody Discovery (MAD) Lab, Fondazione Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Claudia Sala
- Monoclonal Antibody Discovery (MAD) Lab, Fondazione Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
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Buddy Creech C, Jimenez-Truque N, Kown N, Sokolow K, Brady EJ, Yoder S, Solovay K, Rubin K, Noviello S, Hensel E, Selamawi S, Bakare A, Makowski M, Lu K. Safety and immunogenicity of live, attenuated intranasal Bordetella pertussis vaccine (BPZE1) in healthy adults. Vaccine 2022; 40:6740-6746. [PMID: 36220716 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.09.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND BPZE1 is a live, attenuated pertussis vaccine derived from B. pertussis strain Tohama I modified by genetic removal or inactivation of 3 B. pertussis toxins: pertussis toxin, dermonecrotic toxin, and tracheal cytotoxin. This Phase 2a study evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of liquid or lyophilized BPZE1 vaccine administered intranasally by needleless tuberculin syringe or mucosal atomization device (VaxINatorTM) at two dose levels. METHODS Fifty healthy male and non-pregnant female participants 18-49 years of age were enrolled. Participants were randomized 3:3:3:1 to a single lyophilized dose of 107 colony forming units (CFU) BPZE1, 109 CFU BPZE1, placebo via VaxINator device, or a single liquid dose of 109 CFU BPZE1 via tuberculin syringe. Reactogenicity was assessed for 14 days. Blood was obtained pre-vaccination; on Day 8 (safety); and on Days 15, 29, and 181 (immunogenicity). Nasal wick and swab samples were obtained at baseline and on Days 29 and 181 for assessment of mucosal antibody responses and clearance of BPZE1. RESULTS Across all groups, 35/50 (70 %) experienced at least one local adverse event (AE) and 31/50 (62 %) experienced at least one systemic AE, with similar AE frequencies observed between the highest 109 CFU BPZE1 and placebo groups. There were no severe or serious AEs during the study. At Day 29, seroconversion (≥2-fold rise from baseline in serum IgG or IgA) to at least 2 pertussis antigens was observed in 73 % in the 109 CFU BPZE1 VaxINator group, 60 % in the 109 CFU BPZE1 group delivered via tuberculin syringe, 27 % of participants in the 107 CFU BPZE1 VaxINator group, and 20 % in the placebo VaxINator group. No participants were colonized with BPZE1 at Day 29 post vaccination. DISCUSSION Lyophilized BPZE1 vaccine was well tolerated and immunogenic at the highest dose (109 CFU) delivered intranasally by VaxINator device and was not associated with any SAEs or prolonged shedding of BPZE1. Further evaluation of BPZE1 is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Buddy Creech
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Natalia Jimenez-Truque
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Naomi Kown
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Katherine Sokolow
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Eric J Brady
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sandra Yoder
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kristina Lu
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Prygiel M, Mosiej E, Górska P, Zasada AA. Diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine: past, current & future. Future Microbiol 2021; 17:185-197. [PMID: 34856810 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2021-0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccine can prevent diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis. The component antigens of the DTP vaccine had long been monovalent vaccines. The pertussis vaccine was licensed in 1914. The same year, the mixtures of diphtheria toxin and antitoxin were put into use. In 1926, alum-precipitated diphtheria toxoid was registered, and in 1937 adsorbed tetanus toxoid was put on the market. The development of numerous effective DTP vaccines quickly stimulated efforts to combine DTP with other routine vaccines for infants. This overview covers the most important information regarding the invention of DTP vaccines, their modifications and the needs that should be focused on in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Prygiel
- Department of Vaccine & Sera Evaluation, The National Institute of Public Health NIH - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Mosiej
- Department of Vaccine & Sera Evaluation, The National Institute of Public Health NIH - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Górska
- Department of Vaccine & Sera Evaluation, The National Institute of Public Health NIH - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra A Zasada
- Department of Vaccine & Sera Evaluation, The National Institute of Public Health NIH - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
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Sanchez-Alvarez K, Rosales-Mendoza S, Reyes-Barrera KL, Moreno-Fierros L, Soria-Guerra RE, Castillo-Collazo R, Monreal-Escalente E, Alpuche-Solis AG. Antibodies induced by oral immunization of mice with a recombinant protein produced in tobacco plants harboring Bordetella pertussis epitopes. PLANT CELL, TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE 2021; 147:85-96. [PMID: 34276113 PMCID: PMC8272453 DOI: 10.1007/s11240-021-02107-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Bordetella pertusis causes whooping cough or pertussis, disease that has not been eradicated and is reemerging despite the availability and massive application for decades of vaccines, such as Boostrix® which is an acellular vaccine harboring two regions of S1 subunit of the pertussis toxin, one region of filamentous hemagglutinin and one region of pertactin. In 2008, the World Health Organization estimated 16 million new cases and 95% occurred in developing countries with 195,000 children's deaths. We attempt to improve the vaccine against whooping cough and reduce its production costs by obtaining plants and bacteria expressing a heterologous protein harboring pertactin, pertussis toxin, and filamentous hemagglutinin epitopes from B. pertussis and assessing its immunogenicity after oral administration to mice. First, we designed a synthetic gene that encodes a multiepitope, then it was cloned into a vector for transient transformation by infiltration of tobacco plants with low amounts of nicotine; the codon bias-optimized construct was also cloned into an Escherichia coli expression vector. Recombinant proteins from E. coli cells (PTF) and tobacco leaves (PTF-M3') were purified by nickel affinity with a yield of 0.740 mg of recombinant protein per g dry weight. Purified recombinant proteins were administered orally to groups of Balb/c mice using the Boostrix® vaccine and vehicle (PBS) as positive and negative controls, respectively. A higher mucosal and systemic antibody responses were obtained in mice receiving the PTF and PTF-M3' proteins than Boostrix® or PBS. These findings prove the concept that oral administration of multiepitope recombinant proteins expressed in plants may be a potential edible vaccine. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11240-021-02107-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Sanchez-Alvarez
- División de Biología Molecular, IPICYT, Camino a la Presa San José 2055, 78216 San Luis Potosí, S.L.P. México
| | - Sergio Rosales-Mendoza
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, 78210 San Luis Potosí, S.L.P. México
| | - Karen L. Reyes-Barrera
- División de Biología Molecular, IPICYT, Camino a la Presa San José 2055, 78216 San Luis Potosí, S.L.P. México
| | - Leticia Moreno-Fierros
- Inmunidad en Mucosas, UBIMED, FES-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida de los Barrios 1, 54090 Tlalnepantla, México
| | - Ruth E. Soria-Guerra
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, 78210 San Luis Potosí, S.L.P. México
| | - Rosalba Castillo-Collazo
- División de Biología Molecular, IPICYT, Camino a la Presa San José 2055, 78216 San Luis Potosí, S.L.P. México
| | - Elizabeth Monreal-Escalente
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, 78210 San Luis Potosí, S.L.P. México
| | - Angel G. Alpuche-Solis
- División de Biología Molecular, IPICYT, Camino a la Presa San José 2055, 78216 San Luis Potosí, S.L.P. México
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Dubois V, Locht C. Mucosal Immunization Against Pertussis: Lessons From the Past and Perspectives. Front Immunol 2021; 12:701285. [PMID: 34211481 PMCID: PMC8239240 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.701285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Current vaccination strategies against pertussis are sub-optimal. Optimal protection against Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of pertussis, likely requires mucosal immunity. Current pertussis vaccines consist of inactivated whole B. pertussis cells or purified antigens thereof, combined with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids. Although they are highly protective against severe pertussis disease, they fail to elicit mucosal immunity. Compared to natural infection, immune responses following immunization are short-lived and fail to prevent bacterial colonization of the upper respiratory tract. To overcome these shortcomings, efforts have been made for decades, and continue to be made, toward the development of mucosal vaccines against pertussis. Objectives In this review we systematically analyzed published literature on protection conferred by mucosal immunization against pertussis. Immune responses mounted by these vaccines are summarized. Method The PubMed Library database was searched for published studies on mucosal pertussis vaccines. Eligibility criteria included mucosal administration and the evaluation of at least one outcome related to efficacy, immunogenicity and safety. Results While over 349 publications were identified by the search, only 63 studies met the eligibility criteria. All eligible studies are included here. Initial attempts of mucosal whole-cell vaccine administration in humans provided promising results, but were not followed up. More recently, diverse vaccination strategies have been tested, including non-replicating and replicating vaccine candidates given by three different mucosal routes: orally, nasally or rectally. Several adjuvants and particulate formulations were tested to enhance the efficacy of non-replicating vaccines administered mucosally. Most novel vaccine candidates were only tested in animal models, mainly mice. Only one novel mucosal vaccine candidate was tested in baboons and in human trials. Conclusion Three vaccination strategies drew our attention, as they provided protective and durable immunity in the respiratory tract, including the upper respiratory tract: acellular vaccines adjuvanted with lipopeptide LP1569 and c-di-GMP, outer membrane vesicles and the live attenuated BPZE1 vaccine. Among all experimental vaccines, BPZE1 is the only one that has advanced into clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violaine Dubois
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Camille Locht
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
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Wolf MA, Boehm DT, DeJong MA, Wong TY, Sen-Kilic E, Hall JM, Blackwood CB, Weaver KL, Kelly CO, Kisamore CA, Bitzer GJ, Bevere JR, Barbier M, Damron FH. Intranasal Immunization with Acellular Pertussis Vaccines Results in Long-Term Immunity to Bordetella pertussis in Mice. Infect Immun 2021; 89:e00607-20. [PMID: 33318136 PMCID: PMC8097269 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00607-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bordetella pertussis colonizes the respiratory mucosa of humans, inducing an immune response seeded in the respiratory tract. An individual, once convalescent, exhibits long-term immunity to the pathogen. Current acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines do not induce the long-term immune response observed after natural infection in humans. In this study, we evaluated the durability of protection from intranasal (i.n.) pertussis vaccines in mice. Mice that convalesced from B. pertussis infection served as a control group. Mice were immunized with a mock vaccine (phosphate-buffered saline [PBS]), aP only, or an aP base vaccine combined with one of the following adjuvants: alum, curdlan, or purified whole glucan particles (IRI-1501). We utilized two study designs: short term (challenged 35 days after priming vaccination) and long term (challenged 6 months after boost). The short-term study demonstrated that immunization with i.n. vaccine candidates decreased the bacterial burden in the respiratory tract, reduced markers of inflammation, and induced significant serum and lung antibody titers. In the long-term study, protection from bacterial challenge mirrored the results observed in the short-term challenge study. Immunization with pertussis antigens alone was surprisingly protective in both models; however, the alum and IRI-1501 adjuvants induced significant B. pertussis-specific IgG antibodies in both the serum and lung and increased numbers of anti-B. pertussis IgG-secreting plasma cells in the bone marrow. Our data indicate that humoral responses induced by the i.n. vaccines correlated with protection, suggesting that long-term antibody responses can be protective.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Allison Wolf
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Dylan T Boehm
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Megan A DeJong
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Ting Y Wong
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Emel Sen-Kilic
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Jesse M Hall
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Catherine B Blackwood
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Kelly L Weaver
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Claire O Kelly
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Caleb A Kisamore
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Graham J Bitzer
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Justin R Bevere
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Mariette Barbier
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - F Heath Damron
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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Gestal MC, Johnson HM, Harvill ET. Immunomodulation as a Novel Strategy for Prevention and Treatment of Bordetella spp. Infections. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2869. [PMID: 31921136 PMCID: PMC6923730 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Well-adapted pathogens have evolved to survive the many challenges of a robust immune response. Defending against all host antimicrobials simultaneously would be exceedingly difficult, if not impossible, so many co-evolved organisms utilize immunomodulatory tools to subvert, distract, and/or evade the host immune response. Bordetella spp. present many examples of the diversity of immunomodulators and an exceptional experimental system in which to study them. Recent advances in this experimental system suggest strategies for interventions that tweak immunity to disrupt bacterial immunomodulation, engaging more effective host immunity to better prevent and treat infections. Here we review advances in the understanding of respiratory pathogens, with special focus on Bordetella spp., and prospects for the use of immune-stimulatory interventions in the prevention and treatment of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica C Gestal
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Hannah M Johnson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Eric T Harvill
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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Debrie AS, Mielcarek N, Lecher S, Roux X, Sirard JC, Locht C. Early Protection against Pertussis Induced by Live AttenuatedBordetella pertussisBPZE1 Depends on TLR4. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:3293-3300. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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Hozbor D. New Pertussis Vaccines: A Need and a Challenge. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1183:115-126. [PMID: 31432399 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2019_407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Effective diphtheria, tetanus toxoids, whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccines were used for massive immunization in the 1950s. The broad use of these vaccines significantly reduced the morbidity and mortality associated with pertussis. Because of reports on the induction of adverse reactions, less-reactogenic acellular vaccines (aP) were later developed and in many countries, especially the industrialized ones, the use of wP was changed to aP. For many years, the situation of pertussis seemed to be controlled with the use of these vaccines, however in the last decades the number of pertussis cases increased in several countries. The loss of the immunity conferred by the vaccines, which is faster in the individuals vaccinated with the acellular vaccines, and the evolution of the pathogen towards geno/phenotypes that escape more easily the immunity conferred by the vaccines were proposed as the main causes of the disease resurgence. According to their composition of few immunogens, the aP vaccines seem to be exerting a greater selection pressure on the circulating bacterial population causing the prevalence of bacterial isolates defective in the expression of vaccine antigens. Under this context, it is clear that new vaccines against pertussis should be developed. Several vaccine candidates are in preclinical development and few others have recently completed phaseI/phaseII trials. Vaccine candidate based on OMVs is a promising candidate since appeared overcoming the major weaknesses of current aP-vaccines. The most advanced development is the live attenuated-vaccine BPZE1 which has successfully completed a first-in-man clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Hozbor
- Laboratorio VacSal. Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata y CCT-La Plata, CONICET, La Plata, Argentina.
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11
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IL-17-dependent SIgA-mediated protection against nasal Bordetella pertussis infection by live attenuated BPZE1 vaccine. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:1753-1762. [PMID: 30115992 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-018-0073-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BPZE1 is a live attenuated Bordetella pertussis vaccine for nasal administration to mimic the natural route of infection. Here, we studied the mechanism of BPZE1-induced immunity in the murine nasal cavity in contrast to acellular vaccine (aPV), although both vaccines protected against lung colonization. Transfer of splenocytes or serum from BPZE1-vaccinated or aPV-vaccinated mice protected naïve mice against lung colonization but not against nasal colonization. However, transfer of nasal washes from BPZE1-vaccinated mice resulted in protection against nasal colonization, which was lost in IgA-deficient or poly-Ig receptor-deficient mice, indicating that it depends on secretory IgA (SIgA) induction induced in the nose. BPZE1-induced protection against nasal colonization was long-lived despite the relatively rapid decay of SIgA, indicating a potent BPZE1-induced local memory response, likely due to CD4+ tissue-resident memory T cells induced in the nose by BPZE1. These cells produced interleukin-17 (IL-17), known to be important for SIgA secretion. Furthermore, BPZE1 failed to protect Il17-/- mice against nasal colonization by B. pertussis and induced only background levels of nasal SIgA. Thus, our results show important differences in the protective mechanism between the upper and the lower murine respiratory tract and demonstrate an IL-17-dependent SIgA-mediated mechanism of BPZE1-induced protection against B. pertussis nasopharyngeal colonization.
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12
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The Adjuvant Bordetella Colonization Factor A Attenuates Alum-Induced Th2 Responses and Enhances Bordetella pertussis Clearance from Mouse Lungs. Infect Immun 2018. [PMID: 29531137 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00935-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The reemergence of pertussis or whooping cough in several countries highlights the need for better vaccines. Acellular pertussis vaccines (aPV) contain alum as the adjuvant and elicit Th2-biased immune responses that are less effective in protecting against infection than the reactogenic whole-cell pertussis vaccines (wPV), which elicit primarily a Th1/Th17 response. An important goal for the field is to devise aPV that will induce immune responses similar to those of wPV. We show that Bordetella colonization factor A (BcfA), an outer membrane protein from Bordetella bronchiseptica, has strong adjuvant function and elicits cellular and humoral immune responses to heterologous and Bordetella pertussis antigens. Addition of BcfA to a commercial aPV resulted in greater reduction of B. pertussis numbers from the lungs than that elicited by aPV alone. The more-efficient pathogen clearance was accompanied by increased interleukin-17 (IL-17) and reduced IL-5 and an increased ratio of IgG2/IgG1 antibodies. Thus, our results suggest that BcfA improves aPV-induced responses by modifying the alum-induced Th2-biased aPV response toward Th1/Th17. A redesigned aPV containing BcfA may allow better control of pertussis reemergence by reshaping immune responses to resemble those elicited by wPV immunization.
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Will we have new pertussis vaccines? Vaccine 2017; 36:5460-5469. [PMID: 29180031 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite wide vaccination coverage with efficacious vaccines, pertussis is still not under control in any country. Two types of vaccines are available for the primary vaccination series, diphtheria/tetanus/whole-cell pertussis and diphtheria/tetanus/acellular pertussis vaccines, in addition to reduced antigen content vaccines recommended for booster vaccination. Using these vaccines, several strategies are being explored to counter the current pertussis problems, including repeated vaccination, cocoon vaccination and maternal immunization. With the exception of the latter, none have proven their effectiveness, and even maternal vaccination is not expected to ultimately control pertussis. Therefore, new pertussis vaccines are needed, and several candidates are in early pre-clinical development. They include whole-cell vaccines with low endotoxin content, outer membrane vesicles, new formulations, acellular vaccines with new adjuvants or additional antigens and live attenuated vaccines. The most advanced is the live attenuated nasal vaccine BPZE1. It provides strong protection in mice and non-human primates, is safe, even in immune compromised animals, and genetically stable after in vitro and in vivo passages. It also has interesting immunoregulatory properties without being immunosuppressive. It has successfully completed a first-in-man clinical trial, where it was found to be safe, able to transiently colonize the human respiratory tract and to induce immune responses in the colonized subjects. It is now undergoing further clinical development. As it is designed to reduce carriage and transmission of Bordetella pertussis, it may hopefully contribute to the ultimate control of pertussis.
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Brennan MJ. A New Whooping Cough Vaccine That May Prevent Colonization and Transmission. Vaccines (Basel) 2017; 5:vaccines5040043. [PMID: 29125532 PMCID: PMC5748610 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines5040043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This article is a Letter to the Editor. The major purpose of this Letter is to highlight the development of a new genetically altered whooping cough vaccine. Recently a baboon model has been used to show that this next generation pertussis vaccine can prevent colonization, as well as disease, and elicit antibodies against major pertussis antigens. Two phase I clinical trials have been performed, showing that this new vaccine is safe in humans, and a phase II trial will be performed in the US in 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Brennan
- Aeras, 1405 Research Blvd., Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
- Iliad Biotechnologies, 230 East 15th Street, Suite 1-A, New York, NY 10003, USA.
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15
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Abstract
Pertussis is a potentially severe respiratory disease, which affects all age groups from young infants to older adults and is responsible for an estimated 195,000 deaths occurred globally in 2008. Active research is ongoing to better understand the pathogenesis, immunology, and diagnosis of pertussis. For diagnosis, molecular assays (e.g., polymerase chain reaction) for detection of Bordetella pertussis have become more widely available and support improved outbreak detection. In children, pertussis vaccines have been incorporated into routine immunization schedules and deployed for pertussis outbreak control. Lower levels of vaccine coverage are now being observed in communities where vaccine hesitancy is rising. Additionally, recognition that newborn babies are at risk of pertussis in the USA and UK has led to recommendations to immunize pregnant women. Among adolescents and older adults in the USA, Tetanus Toxoid, Reduced Diphtheria Toxoid and Acellular pertussis (Tdap) Vaccines are recommended, but substantial individual- and system-level barriers exist that will make achieving national Healthy People 2020 targets for immunization challenging. Current antimicrobial regimens for pertussis are focused on reducing the severity of disease, reducing rates of sequelae, and minimizing transmission of infection to susceptible individuals. Continued surveillance for pertussis will be important to identify opportunities for reducing young infants' exposure and reducing the impact of outbreaks among school-aged children. Laboratory-based surveillance for newly emerging strains of B. pertussis will be important to identify strains that may evade protection elicited by currently available vaccines. Efforts to develop new-generation pertussis vaccines should be considered now in anticipation of vaccine development programs, which may require ten or more years to deliver a licensed vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulbaset M Salim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.
| | - Paul E Kilgore
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
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Abstract
The intensive use of pertussis vaccines has dramatically reduced the incidence of whooping cough during the 20th century. However, recent outbreaks in countries with high vaccination coverage illustrate the shortcomings of current vaccination regimens, and immunity induced by the most recent, acellular vaccines wanes much faster than anticipated. As an alternative, live attenuated vaccine candidates have recently been developed in order to mimic natural infection, which induces long-lasting immunity. One of them has successfully completed a Phase I trial in humans and is now undergoing further product and clinical developments. This article describes the development of such vaccines, discusses their advantages over existing vaccines and their interesting bystander properties as powerful anti-inflammatory agents, which widens their potential use far beyond that for protection against whooping cough.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Locht
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, 1, rue du Prof. Calmette, F-59019 Lille, France
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Heterologous prime-boost immunization with live attenuated B. pertussis BPZE1 followed by acellular pertussis vaccine in mice. Vaccine 2014; 32:4281-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Jahnmatz M, Amu S, Ljungman M, Wehlin L, Chiodi F, Mielcarek N, Locht C, Thorstensson R. B-cell responses after intranasal vaccination with the novel attenuated Bordetella pertussis vaccine strain BPZE1 in a randomized phase I clinical trial. Vaccine 2014; 32:3350-6. [PMID: 24793938 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite high vaccination coverage, pertussis is still a global concern in infant morbidity and mortality, and improved pertussis vaccines are needed. A live attenuated Bordetella pertussis strain, named BPZE1, was designed as an intranasal vaccine candidate and has recently been tested in man in a phase I clinical trial. Here, we report the evaluation of the B-cell responses after vaccination with BPZE1. Forty-eight healthy males with no previous pertussis-vaccination were randomized into one of three dose-escalating groups or into a placebo group. Plasma blast- and memory B-cell responses were evaluated by ELISpot against three different pertussis antigens: pertussis toxin, filamentous haemagglutinin and pertactin. Seven out of the 36 subjects who had received the vaccine were colonized by BPZE1, and significant increases in the memory B-cell response were detected against all three tested antigens in the culture-positive subjects between days 0 and 28 post-vaccination. The culture-positive subjects also mounted a significant increase in the filamentous haemagglutinin-specific plasma blast response between days 7 and 14 post-vaccination. No response could be detected in the culture-negatives or in the placebo group post-vaccination. These data show that BPZE1 is immunogenic in humans and is therefore a promising candidate for a novel pertussis vaccine. This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01188512).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Jahnmatz
- Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden; Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Sylvie Amu
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Lena Wehlin
- Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden
| | - Francesca Chiodi
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nathalie Mielcarek
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France; Inserm U1019, Lille, France; CNRS UMR8204, Lille, France; University Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - Camille Locht
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France; Inserm U1019, Lille, France; CNRS UMR8204, Lille, France; University Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
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Schnoeller C, Roux X, Sawant D, Raze D, Olszewska W, Locht C, Openshaw PJ. Attenuated Bordetella pertussis vaccine protects against respiratory syncytial virus disease via an IL-17-dependent mechanism. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2014; 189:194-202. [PMID: 24261996 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201307-1227oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE We attenuated virulent Bordetella pertussis by genetically eliminating or detoxifying three major toxins. This strain, named BPZE1, is being developed as a possible live nasal vaccine for the prevention of whooping cough. It is immunogenic and safe when given intranasally in adult volunteers. OBJECTIVES Before testing in human infants, we wished to examine the potential effect of BPZE1 on a common pediatric infection (respiratory syncytial virus [RSV]) in a preclinical model. METHODS BPZE1 was administered before or after RSV administration in adult or neonatal mice. Pathogen replication, inflammation, immune cell recruitment, and cytokine responses were measured. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS BPZE1 alone did not cause overt disease, but induced efflux of neutrophils into the airway lumen and production of IL-10 and IL-17 by mucosal CD4(+) T cells. Given intranasally before RSV infection, BPZE1 markedly attenuated RSV, preventing weight loss, reducing viral load, and attenuating lung cell recruitment. Given neonatally, BPZE1 also protected against RSV-induced weight loss even through to adulthood. Furthermore, it markedly increased IL-17 production by CD4(+) T cells and natural killer cells and recruited regulatory cells and neutrophils after virus challenge. Administration of anti-IL-17 antibodies ablated the protective effect of BPZE1 on RSV disease. CONCLUSIONS Rather than enhancing RSV disease, BPZE1 protected against viral infection, modified viral responses, and enhanced natural mucosal resistance. Prevention of RSV infection by BPZE1 seems in part to be caused by induction of IL-17. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 01188512).
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Schnoeller
- 1 Centre for Respiratory Infection, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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20
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van der Ark AAJ, Hozbor DF, Boog CJP, Metz B, van den Dobbelsteen GPJM, van Els CACM. Resurgence of pertussis calls for re-evaluation of pertussis animal models. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 11:1121-37. [DOI: 10.1586/erv.12.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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21
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Thorstensson R, Trollfors B, Al-Tawil N, Jahnmatz M, Bergström J, Ljungman M, Törner A, Wehlin L, Van Broekhoven A, Bosman F, Debrie AS, Mielcarek N, Locht C. A phase I clinical study of a live attenuated Bordetella pertussis vaccine--BPZE1; a single centre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalating study of BPZE1 given intranasally to healthy adult male volunteers. PLoS One 2014; 9:e83449. [PMID: 24421886 PMCID: PMC3885431 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acellular pertussis vaccines do not control pertussis. A new approach to offer protection to infants is necessary. BPZE1, a genetically modified Bordetella pertussis strain, was developed as a live attenuated nasal pertussis vaccine by genetically eliminating or detoxifying 3 toxins. Methods We performed a double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalating study of BPZE1 given intranasally for the first time to human volunteers, the first trial of a live attenuated bacterial vaccine specifically designed for the respiratory tract. 12 subjects per dose group received 103, 105 or 107 colony-forming units as droplets with half of the dose in each nostril. 12 controls received the diluent. Local and systemic safety and immune responses were assessed during 6 months, and nasopharyngeal colonization with BPZE1 was determined with repeated cultures during the first 4 weeks after vaccination. Results Colonization was seen in one subject in the low dose, one in the medium dose and five in the high dose group. Significant increases in immune responses against pertussis antigens were seen in all colonized subjects. There was one serious adverse event not related to the vaccine. Other adverse events were trivial and occurred with similar frequency in the placebo and vaccine groups. Conclusions BPZE1 is safe in healthy adults and able to transiently colonize the nasopharynx. It induces immune responses in all colonized individuals. BPZE1 can thus undergo further clinical development, including dose optimization and trials in younger age groups. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01188512
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Birger Trollfors
- Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control, Solna, Sweden
| | - Nabil Al-Tawil
- Karolinska Trial Alliance, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maja Jahnmatz
- Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jakob Bergström
- Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control, Solna, Sweden
| | | | - Anna Törner
- Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control, Solna, Sweden
| | - Lena Wehlin
- Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control, Solna, Sweden
| | | | - Fons Bosman
- Q-Biologicals, BioIncubator, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Anne-Sophie Debrie
- Inserm, Lille, France
- National Center for Scientific Research, Lille, France
- Université Lille-Nord de France, Lille, France
- Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Nathalie Mielcarek
- Inserm, Lille, France
- National Center for Scientific Research, Lille, France
- Université Lille-Nord de France, Lille, France
- Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Camille Locht
- Inserm, Lille, France
- National Center for Scientific Research, Lille, France
- Université Lille-Nord de France, Lille, France
- Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
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22
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Lim A, Ng JKW, Locht C, Alonso S. Protective role of adenylate cyclase in the context of a live pertussis vaccine candidate. Microbes Infect 2013; 16:51-60. [PMID: 24140230 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Despite high vaccination coverage, pertussis remains an important respiratory infectious disease and the least-controlled vaccine-preventable infectious disease in children. Natural infection with Bordetella pertussis is known to induce strong and long-lasting immunity that wanes later than vaccine-mediated immunity. Therefore, a live attenuated B. pertussis vaccine, named BPZE1, has been developed and has recently completed a phase I clinical trial in adult human volunteers. In this study, we investigated the contribution of adenylate cyclase (CyaA) in BPZE1-mediated protection against pertussis. A CyaA-deficient BPZE1 mutant was thus constructed. Absence of CyaA did not compromise the adherence properties of the bacteria onto mammalian cells. However, the CyaA-deficient mutant displayed a slight impairment in the ability to survive within macrophages compared to the parental BPZE1 strain. In vivo, whereas the protective efficacy of the CyaA-deficient mutant was comparable to the parental strain at a vaccine dose of 5 × 10(5) colony forming units (CFU), it was significantly impaired at a vaccine dose of 5 × 10(3) CFU. This impairment correlated with impaired lung colonization ability, and impaired IFN-γ production in the animal immunized with the CyaA-deficient BPZE1 mutant while the pertussis-specific antibody profile and Th17 response were comparable to those observed in BPZE1-immunized mice. Our findings thus support a role of CyaA in BPZE1-mediated protection through induction of cellular mediated immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle Lim
- Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore, CeLS Building #03-05, 28 Medical Drive, 115597 Singapore, Singapore; Immunology Programme, National University of Singapore, CeLS Building #03-05, 28 Medical Drive, 115597 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jowin K W Ng
- Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore, CeLS Building #03-05, 28 Medical Drive, 115597 Singapore, Singapore; Immunology Programme, National University of Singapore, CeLS Building #03-05, 28 Medical Drive, 115597 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Camille Locht
- Inserm, U1019, F-59019 Lille, France; CNRS UMR8204, F-59019 Lille, France; Univ Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59019 Lille, France
| | - Sylvie Alonso
- Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore, CeLS Building #03-05, 28 Medical Drive, 115597 Singapore, Singapore; Immunology Programme, National University of Singapore, CeLS Building #03-05, 28 Medical Drive, 115597 Singapore, Singapore.
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23
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Kammoun H, Roux X, Raze D, Debrie AS, De Filette M, Ysenbaert T, Mielcarek N, Saelens X, Fiers W, Locht C. Immunogenicity of live attenuated B. pertussis BPZE1 producing the universal influenza vaccine candidate M2e. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59198. [PMID: 23555631 PMCID: PMC3602086 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intranasal delivery of vaccines directed against respiratory pathogens is an attractive alternative to parenteral administration. However, using this delivery route for inactivated vaccines usually requires the use of potent mucosal adjuvants, and no such adjuvant has yet been approved for human use. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We have developed a live attenuated Bordetella pertussis vaccine, called BPZE1, and show here that it can be used to present the universal influenza virus epitope M2e to the mouse respiratory tract to prime for protective immunity against viral challenge. Three copies of M2e were genetically fused to the N-terminal domain of filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) and produced in recombinant BPZE1 derivatives in the presence or absence of endogenous full-length FHA. Only in the absence of FHA intranasal administration of the recombinant BPZE1 derivative induced antibody responses to M2e and effectively primed BALB/c mice for protection against influenza virus-induced mortality and reduced the viral load after challenge. Strong M2e-specific antibody responses and protection were observed after a single nasal administration with the recombinant BPZE1 derivative, followed by a single administration of M2e linked to a virus-like particle without adjuvant, whereas priming alone with the vaccine strain did not protect. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Using recombinant FHA-3M2e-producing BPZE1 derivatives for priming and the universal influenza M2e peptide linked to virus-like particles for boosting may constitute a promising approach for needle-free and adjuvant-free nasal vaccination against influenza.
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MESH Headings
- Adhesins, Bacterial/genetics
- Adhesins, Bacterial/immunology
- Administration, Intranasal
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Bordetella pertussis/genetics
- Bordetella pertussis/immunology
- Humans
- Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Influenza Vaccines/genetics
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Influenza, Human/prevention & control
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/administration & dosage
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- Respiratory System/drug effects
- Respiratory System/immunology
- Respiratory System/virology
- Survival Analysis
- Vaccination
- Vaccines, Synthetic
- Viral Matrix Proteins/genetics
- Viral Matrix Proteins/immunology
- Virulence Factors, Bordetella/genetics
- Virulence Factors, Bordetella/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Kammoun
- Inserm U1019, Lille, France
- CNRS UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
- University Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - Xavier Roux
- Inserm U1019, Lille, France
- CNRS UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
- University Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - Dominique Raze
- Inserm U1019, Lille, France
- CNRS UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
- University Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Debrie
- Inserm U1019, Lille, France
- CNRS UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
- University Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - Marina De Filette
- Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tine Ysenbaert
- Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Mielcarek
- Inserm U1019, Lille, France
- CNRS UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
- University Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - Xavier Saelens
- Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Walter Fiers
- Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Camille Locht
- Inserm U1019, Lille, France
- CNRS UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
- University Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
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24
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Dual mechanism of protection by live attenuated Bordetella pertussis BPZE1 against Bordetella bronchiseptica in mice. Vaccine 2012; 30:5864-70. [PMID: 22814407 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2012] [Revised: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Bordetella bronchiseptica, a gram-negative bacterium, causes chronic respiratory tract infections in a wide variety of mammalian hosts, including man, and no human vaccine is currently available. Acellular pertussis vaccines protect poorly against B. bronchiseptica, although they contain cross-reactive antigens. We have recently developed Bordetella pertussis BPZE1, a novel, live attenuated pertussis vaccine, currently completing phase I clinical trials in humans, and found that it protects against both B. pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis in mice. Here, we show that a single nasal administration of BPZE1 protects mice against lethal infection with B. bronchiseptica. After challenge, the vaccinated animals displayed markedly reduced lung inflammation and tissue damage, decreased neutrophil infiltration and increased levels of CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells in the lungs compared to non-immunized mice. Depletion of these cells abolished BPZE1-induced protection, indicating that BPZE1 protects against lethal inflammation through the recruitment of regulatory T cells. In addition, the B. bronchiseptica load was significantly decreased in the vaccinated animals. Using passive transfer experiments, protection was found to be essentially cell mediated, and BPZE1-induced Th1 and Th17 T cells recognize whole B. bronchiseptica extracts, although the participation of antibodies in protection cannot be discounted. Thus, a single administration of BPZE1 can confer protection against B. bronchiseptica in mice by a dual mechanism.
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Locht C, Mielcarek N. New pertussis vaccination approaches: en route to protect newborns? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 66:121-33. [PMID: 22574832 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2012.00988.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2012] [Revised: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pertussis or whooping cough is a life-threatening childhood disease, particularly severe during the first months of life, although adolescent and adult pertussis is increasingly more noted. General vaccination has tremendously reduced its incidence but has failed to bring it completely under control. In fact, it remains one of the most poorly controlled vaccine-preventable diseases in the world. New vaccination strategies are thus being explored. These include vaccination of pregnant mothers to transmit protective antibodies to the offspring, a cocooning strategy to prevent the transmission of the disease from family members to the newborn and neonatal vaccination. All have their inherent limitations, and improved vaccines are urgently needed. Two types of pertussis vaccines are currently available, whole-cell, first-generation and second-generation, acellular vaccines, with an improved safety profile. Attempts have been made to discover additional protective antigens to the 1-5 currently included in the acellular vaccines or to include new adjuvants. Recently, a live attenuated nasal Bordetella pertussis vaccine has been developed and undergone first-in-man clinical trials. However, as promising as it may be, in order to protect infants against severe disease, a single approach may not be sufficient, and multiple strategies applied in a concerted fashion may ultimately be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Locht
- Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France.
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26
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Abstract
Pertussis toxin, produced and secreted by the whooping cough agent Bordetella pertussis, is one of the most complex soluble bacterial proteins. It is actively secreted through the B. pertussis cell envelope by the Ptl secretion system, a member of the widespread type IV secretion systems. The toxin is composed of five subunits (named S1 to S5 according to their decreasing molecular weights) arranged in an A-B structure. The A protomer is composed of the enzymatically active S1 subunit, which catalyzes ADP-ribosylation of the α subunit of trimeric G proteins, thereby disturbing the metabolic functions of the target cells, leading to a variety of biological activities. The B oligomer is composed of 1S2:1S3:2S4:1S5 and is responsible for binding of the toxin to the target cell receptors and for intracellular trafficking via receptor-mediated endocytosis and retrograde transport. The toxin is one of the most important virulence factors of B. pertussis and is a component of all current vaccines against whooping cough.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Locht
- Inserm U1019, CNRS UMR8204, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Univ Lille Nord de France, France.
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Fedele G, Bianco M, Debrie AS, Locht C, Ausiello CM. Attenuated Bordetella pertussis vaccine candidate BPZE1 promotes human dendritic cell CCL21-induced migration and drives a Th1/Th17 response. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 186:5388-96. [PMID: 21430219 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1003765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
New vaccines against pertussis are needed to evoke full protection and long-lasting immunological memory starting from the first administration in neonates--the major target of the life-threatening pertussis infection. A novel live attenuated Bordetella pertussis vaccine strain, BPZE1, has been developed by eliminating or detoxifying three important B. pertussis virulence factors: pertussis toxin, dermonecrotic toxin, and tracheal cytotoxin. We used a human preclinical ex vivo model based on monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDCs) to evaluate BPZE1 immunogenicity. We studied the effects of BPZE1 on MDDC functions, focusing on the impact of Bordetella-primed dendritic cells in the regulation of Th and suppressor T cells (Ts). BPZE1 is able to activate human MDDCs and to promote the production of a broad spectrum of proinflammatory and regulatory cytokines. Moreover, conversely to its parental wild-type counterpart BPSM, BPZE1-primed MDDCs very efficiently migrate in vitro in response to the lymphatic chemokine CCL21, due to the inactivation of pertussis toxin enzymatic activity. BPZE1-primed MDDCs drove a mixed Th1/Th17 polarization and also induced functional Ts. Experiments performed in a Transwell system showed that cell contact rather than the production of soluble factors was required for suppression activity. Overall, our findings support the potential of BPZE1 as a novel live attenuated pertussis vaccine, as BPZE1-challenged dendritic cells might migrate from the site of infection to the lymph nodes, prime Th cells, mount an adaptive immune response, and orchestrate Th1/Th17 and Ts responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Fedele
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Parassitarie ed Immunomediate, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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A live, attenuated Bordetella pertussis vaccine provides long-term protection against virulent challenge in a murine model. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2010; 18:187-93. [PMID: 21147936 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00371-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite successful mass vaccination programs, whooping cough remains a significant cause of neonatal mortality. Immunity induced by current vaccines wanes in adolescence, requiring additional immunizations to prevent resurgence. There is a need for a new generation of vaccines capable of conferring long-lasting immunity from birth. Recently, a live, attenuated whooping cough vaccine, BPZE1, has been developed. Here, an established murine immunization model was used to examine the induction and longevity of immunological memory. In this predictive model, BPZE1 conferred a level of protection against virulent bacterial challenge comparable to that conferred by recovery from prior infection, up to 1 year after immunization. One year after immunization with BPZE1, a pertussis-specific persistent response, with high levels of gamma interferon (IFN-γ), could be detected from spleen cells restimulated with inactivated Bordetella pertussis. BPZE1 induced low levels of interleukin-17 (IL-17) and no IL-10 or IL-5. BPZE1 immunization induced long-lasting, efficacious memory B-cell and specific antibody responses dominated by IgG2a, which were boosted by subsequent challenge. Finally, the antibody induced by BPZE1 was functionally relevant and could clear a virulent B. pertussis infection in antibody-deficient mice following passive transfer. This study suggests that BPZE1 is capable of conferring a high level of long-lived effective protection against virulent B. pertussis.
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Feunou PF, Kammoun H, Debrie AS, Mielcarek N, Locht C. Long-term immunity against pertussis induced by a single nasal administration of live attenuated B. pertussis BPZE1. Vaccine 2010; 28:7047-53. [PMID: 20708998 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Revised: 07/16/2010] [Accepted: 08/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Duration of vaccine-induced immunity plays a key role in the epidemiology and in the pattern of transmission of a vaccine-preventable disease. In the case of whooping cough, its re-emergence has been attributed, at least partly, to the waning of immunity conferred by current pertussis vaccines. We have recently developed a highly attenuated live vaccine, named BPZE1, which has been shown to be safe and to induce strong protective immunity against Bordetella pertussis infection in mice. In this study, we evaluated the long-term immunogenicity and protective efficacy induced by a single intranasal dose of BPZE1. Up to 1 year after immunization, BPZE1 showed significantly higher efficacy to protect adult and infant mice against B. pertussis infection than two administrations of an acellular pertussis vaccine (aPV). B. pertussis-specific antibodies were induced by live BPZE1 and by aPV, with increasing amounts during the first 6 months post-immunization before a progressive decline. Cell-mediated immunity was also measured 1 year after immunization and showed the presence of memory T cells in the spleen of BPZE1-immunized mice. Both cell-mediated and humoral immune responses were involved in the long-lasting protection induced by BPZE1, as demonstrated by adoptive transfer experiments to SCID mice. These data highlight the potential of the live attenuated BPZE1 candidate vaccine as part of a strategy to solve the problem of waning protective immunity against B. pertussis observed with the current aPV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Feunou Feunou
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1019, F-59019, Lille, France
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