1
|
López Vásquez IA, Palomares Resendiz EG, Gutiérrez Hernández JL, Garrido Fariña GI, Tórtora Pérez JL, de Jesús Olmos Espejel J, Hernández Castro R, Sangari F, Suárez Güemes F, Díaz Aparicio E. Effects of vaccination with Brucella melitensis, strains Rev 1 ΔeryCD and Rev 1, on the reproductive system of young male goats. Rev Argent Microbiol 2024:S0325-7541(24)00005-1. [PMID: 38453565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluates the effects of vaccination with Brucella melitensis strains Rev 1 ΔeryCD and Rev 1 on the reproductive system of male goats. Three groups, each of them consisting of 15 six-month-old brucellosis-free male goats, were studied. The first group was vaccinated with the Rev 1 ΔeryCD strain, the second group received Rev 1 and the third group was inoculated with sterile physiological saline solution. The dose of both strains was of 1×109CFU/ml. Over the course of the five months of this study, three males from each group were euthanized every month. Their reproductive tracts, spleens, and lymph nodes were collected to analyze serology, bacteriology PCR, histology, and immunohistochemistry. Results show that vaccination with B. melitensis strains Rev 1 ΔeryCD and Rev 1 does not harm the reproductive system of male goats. Strain B. melitensis Rev 1 ΔeryCD displayed a lower capacity to colonize the reproductive tract than strain Rev 1, which was attributed to its limited catabolic action toward erythritol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isauro Alejandro López Vásquez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Av. Universidad 3000, Colonia CU, Coyoacán, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Erika Gabriela Palomares Resendiz
- CENID Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Km 15.5 Carretera Federal México-Toluca, Cuajimalpa, 05110 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - José Luis Gutiérrez Hernández
- CENID Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Km 15.5 Carretera Federal México-Toluca, Cuajimalpa, 05110 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Germán Isauro Garrido Fariña
- Departamento de Ecología de Agentes Patógenos, Hospital General Manuel Gea González, Calzada de Tlalpan 4000 Tlalpan, 14080 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jorge Luis Tórtora Pérez
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Km 2.5 Carretera Cuautitlán-Teoloyucan, Cuautitlán, 54714 Estado de México, Mexico
| | - José de Jesús Olmos Espejel
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Km 2.5 Carretera Cuautitlán-Teoloyucan, Cuautitlán, 54714 Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Rigoberto Hernández Castro
- Departamento de Ecología de Agentes Patógenos, Hospital General Manuel Gea González, Calzada de Tlalpan 4000 Tlalpan, 14080 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Félix Sangari
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), CSIC - Universidad de Cantabria, Alberto Einstein 22, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Francisco Suárez Güemes
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Av. Universidad 3000, Colonia CU, Coyoacán, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Efrén Díaz Aparicio
- CENID Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Km 15.5 Carretera Federal México-Toluca, Cuajimalpa, 05110 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sharma V, Kaur P, Aulakh RS, Sharma R, Verma R, Singh BB. Is Brucella excreted in cattle faeces? - Evidence from Punjab, India. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 104:102099. [PMID: 38007989 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2023.102099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Brucellosis is a neglected zoonosis that affects animals and people in much of the underdeveloped world. The disease is endemic in cattle in Punjab, India and controlling it is a public health challenge. Dairy farmers and farm labour commonly handle cattle faeces with bare hands and personal protective equipments are not used. No studies have been conducted about the shedding of Brucella species in faeces of sero positive cattle in the state. This study aimed to isolate and identify the Brucella species from faeces of sero positive cattle in Punjab, India. Faecal samples were collected from 350 Brucella sero positive cattle in Ludhiana district of Punjab, India. Isolation was performed using a pre-enriched Brucella selective broth medium as well as Brucella selective medium agar plates containing horse serum and Brucella selective supplements. Isolates were identified using Gram staining technique and rapid slide agglutination test, and then confirmed by using bcsp31 and 16s rRNA genus specific PCR. Isolates were further identified up to species level by using Bruce-Ladder multiplex PCR. Fourteen Brucella species were isolated, all of which showed coccobacilli on gram staining, positive rapid slide agglutination test and amplification of bcsp31 and 16s rRNA genes. Of the 14 isolates, 11 were identified as Brucella abortus and 3 were identified as Brucella melitensis. The study demonstrates that animal faeces could pose a potential risk for animal and human health and faeces of seropositive cattle must be handled with care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Sharma
- Centre for One Health, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India
| | - P Kaur
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India
| | - R S Aulakh
- Centre for One Health, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India
| | - R Sharma
- Centre for One Health, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India
| | - R Verma
- Animal Disease Research Centre, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India
| | - B B Singh
- Centre for One Health, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Papaparaskevas J, Procopiou A, Routsias J, Vrioni G, Tsakris A. Detection of Virulence-Associated Genes among Brucella melitensis and Brucella abortus Clinical Isolates in Greece, 2001-2022. Pathogens 2023; 12:1274. [PMID: 38003739 PMCID: PMC10675282 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12111274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis remains an important zoonotic disease in several parts of the world; in Greece, although it is declining, it is still endemic, affecting both the financial and public health sectors. The current study was undertaken to investigate the presence and distribution of virulence-associated genes among Brucella spp. clinical strains isolated during 2001-2022. Species identification was performed using conventional methodology and Bruce-ladder PCR. The presence of the virulence genes mviN, manA, wbkA, perA, omp19, ure, cbg and virB was investigated using PCR. During the study period, a total of 334 Brucella isolates were identified, of which 328 (98.2%) were detected from positive blood cultures; 315 (94.3%) of the isolates were identified as B. melitensis, whilst the remaining 16 (4.8%) and 3 (0.9%) were identified as B. abortus and B. suis, respectively. Notably, two of the B. melitensis were assigned to the REV-1 vaccine strain type. The presence of the omp19, manA, mviN and perA genes was confirmed in all 315 B. melitensis isolates, while ure, wbkA, cbg and virB genes were detected in all but 9, 2, 1 and 1 of the isolates, respectively. All eight virulence genes were amplified in all B. abortus and B. suis isolates. The detection rate of virulence genes did not differ significantly among species. In conclusion, brucellosis is still considered a prevailing zoonotic disease in Greece, with the majority of the isolates identified as B. melitensis. The eight pathogenicity-associated genes were present in almost all Brucella isolates, although the ure gene was absent from a limited number of B. melitensis isolates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Georgia Vrioni
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 M. Asias Str., 11527 Athens, Greece; (J.P.); (A.P.); (J.R.); (A.T.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Seraj F, Khan KM, Iqbal J, Imran A, Hussain Z, Salar U, Hameed S, Taha M. Evaluation of synthetic aminoquinoline derivatives as urease inhibitors: in vitro, in silico and kinetic studies. Future Med Chem 2023; 15:1703-1717. [PMID: 37814798 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Quinoline and acyl thiourea scaffolds have major chemical significance in medicinal chemistry. Quinoline-based acyl thiourea derivatives may potentially target the urease enzyme. Materials & methods: Quinoline-based acyl thiourea derivatives 1-26 were synthesized and tested for urease inhibitory activity. Results: 19 derivatives (1-19) showed enhanced urease enzyme inhibitory potential (IC50 = 1.19-18.92 μM) compared with standard thiourea (IC50 = 19.53 ± 0.032 μM), whereas compounds 20-26 were inactive. Compounds with OCH3, OC2H5, Br and CH3 on the aryl ring showed significantly greater inhibitory potential than compounds with hydrocarbon chains of varying length. Molecular docking studies were conducted to investigate ligand interactions with the enzyme's active site. Conclusion: The identified hits can serve as potential leads against the drug target urease in advanced studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faiza Seraj
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical & Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mohammed Khan
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical & Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research & Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, PO Box 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamshed Iqbal
- Center of Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Aqeel Imran
- Center of Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Zahid Hussain
- Center of Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Salar
- Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine & Drug Research, International Center for Chemical & Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Shehryar Hameed
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical & Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Taha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research & Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, PO Box 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Benítez-Serrano JC, Hernández-Castro R, Martínez-Pérez L, Palomares-Resendiz G, Díaz-Aparicio E, Suárez-Güemes F, Arellano-Reynoso B. Effect of the Lacticaseibacillus paracasei JLM Strain Against Brucella abortus Strains in Ripened Cheese. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2023; 20:169-176. [PMID: 37172300 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2022.0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the antagonistic effect of the Lacticaseibacillus paracasei JLM strain isolated from aguamiel, against Brucella abortus RB51, S19, and 2308 strains, during the manufacture of soft-ripened cheese. First, the tolerance of Lc. paracasei JLM was tested with pH values and bile salt concentrations for 3 h to simulate digestive tract conditions. The antagonistic effect against B. abortus strains was evaluated through double-layer diffusion and agar well diffusion assays. In addition, the stability of the cell-free supernatant (CFS) was tested with the agar well diffusion method under different conditions of temperature, pH, and treatment with digestive enzymes. Finally, the antagonistic effect against B. abortus strains was observed during the manufacture of ripened cheese for 31 days at 4°C and 25°C using the Lc. paracasei JLM strain as starter culture. The results showed that the Lc. paracasei JLM strain remains viable after exposure to different pH values (from 3.00 to 7.00) and concentrations of bile salts (from 0.5% to 7%). Moreover, the results demonstrate that the growth of the three B. abortus strains was inhibited in both antagonism tests and that CFS maintained 86% activity after heat treatment at 100°C, 121°C, or enzymatic digestion (proteinase K, trypsin, chymotrypsin), but it was inactivated at pH levels above 6. Finally, Lc. paracasei JLM completely inhibited the growth of B. abortus in ripened cheese at 25°C from day 17 and showed greater inhibition on the B. abortus RB51 strain in the ripened cheese at 4°C, showing statistical differences for the B. abortus S19 and B. abortus 2308 strains. The current research concluded that the Lc. paracasei JLM strain has an antagonistic effect on B. abortus, enhancing the potential of its use in the future as a probiotic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Benítez-Serrano
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rigoberto Hernández-Castro
- Departamento de Ecología de Agentes Patógenos, Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González," Ciudad de México, México
| | - Laura Martínez-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Gabriela Palomares-Resendiz
- CENID Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Efrén Díaz-Aparicio
- CENID Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Francisco Suárez-Güemes
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Beatriz Arellano-Reynoso
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Schwarz J, Schumacher K, Brameyer S, Jung K. Bacterial battle against acidity. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2022; 46:6652135. [PMID: 35906711 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuac037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The Earth is home to environments characterized by low pH, including the gastrointestinal tract of vertebrates and large areas of acidic soil. Most bacteria are neutralophiles, but can survive fluctuations in pH. Herein, we review how Escherichia, Salmonella, Helicobacter, Brucella, and other acid-resistant Gram-negative bacteria adapt to acidic environments. We discuss the constitutive and inducible defense mechanisms that promote survival, including proton-consuming or ammonia-producing processes, cellular remodeling affecting membranes and chaperones, and chemotaxis. We provide insights into how Gram-negative bacteria sense environmental acidity using membrane-integrated and cytosolic pH sensors. Finally, we address in more detail the powerful proton-consuming decarboxylase systems by examining the phylogeny of their regulatory components and their collective functionality in a population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Schwarz
- Faculty of Biology, Microbiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Großhaderner Str. 2-4, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Kilian Schumacher
- Faculty of Biology, Microbiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Großhaderner Str. 2-4, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Sophie Brameyer
- Faculty of Biology, Microbiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Großhaderner Str. 2-4, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Kirsten Jung
- Faculty of Biology, Microbiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Großhaderner Str. 2-4, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Benítez-Serrano JC, Palomares-Resendiz G, Díaz-Aparicio E, Hernández-Castro R, Martínez-Pérez L, Suárez-Güemes F, Arellano-Reynoso B. Survival of Brucella abortus RB51 and S19 Vaccine Strains in Fresh and Ripened Cheeses. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2022; 19:535-542. [PMID: 35675662 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2022.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a zoonotic infection caused by the consumption of contaminated raw milk and dairy products. This study aims to compare survival rates of Brucella abortus RB51 and S19 vaccine strains to that of virulent B. abortus 2308 strain during the manufacture of fresh and ripened cheeses. To do this, we inoculated fresh pasteurized milk with B. abortus RB51, S19, or 2308 at a 6 × 108 colony-forming unit per milliliter concentration during the cheese making process. Cheese was manufactured at room temperature, then, fresh cheeses were conserved at either 4°C or 25°C for 7 days, while ripened cheeses were conserved for 31 days at the same temperatures. We measured B. abortus survival and pH values during different stages of the process. Our results confirm that all three strains can maintain viable cells in both types of cheeses throughout the process. Survival of B. abortus RB51 was 10 times lower than was the survival of the B. abortus S19 and B. abortus 2308 strains in both fresh and ripened cheeses. Our results also suggest that both temperature and pH can condition Brucella survival. In conclusion, B. abortus RB51 and S19 vaccine strains can survive throughout the manufacture and conservation processes of both fresh and ripened cheeses. In turn, this implies a potential health risk if cheeses contaminated with these strains were to be consumed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Benítez-Serrano
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Gabriela Palomares-Resendiz
- CENID Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Efrén Díaz-Aparicio
- CENID Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rigoberto Hernández-Castro
- Departamento de Ecología de Agentes Patógenos, Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González", Ciudad de México, México
| | - Laura Martínez-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Francisco Suárez-Güemes
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Beatriz Arellano-Reynoso
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
The Retrospective on Atypical Brucella Species Leads to Novel Definitions. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10040813. [PMID: 35456863 PMCID: PMC9025488 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10040813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Brucella currently comprises twelve species of facultative intracellular bacteria with variable zoonotic potential. Six of them have been considered as classical, causing brucellosis in terrestrial mammalian hosts, with two species originated from marine mammals. In the past fifteen years, field research as well as improved pathogen detection and typing have allowed the identification of four new species, namely Brucella microti, Brucella inopinata, Brucella papionis, Brucella vulpis, and of numerous strains, isolated from a wide range of hosts, including for the first time cold-blooded animals. While their genome sequences are still highly similar to those of classical strains, some of them are characterized by atypical phenotypes such as higher growth rate, increased resistance to acid stress, motility, and lethality in the murine infection model. In our review, we provide an overview of state-of-the-art knowledge about these novel Brucella sp., with emphasis on their phylogenetic positions in the genus, their metabolic characteristics, acid stress resistance mechanisms, and their behavior in well-established in cellulo and in vivo infection models. Comparison of phylogenetic classification and phenotypical properties between classical and novel Brucella species and strains finally lead us to propose a more adapted terminology, distinguishing between core and non-core, and typical versus atypical brucellae, respectively.
Collapse
|
9
|
Sarmadi M, Gheibi A, Khanahmad H, Khorramizadeh MR, Hejazi SH, Zahedi N, Mianesaz H, Kashfi K. Design and Characterization of a Recombinant Brucella abortus RB51 Vaccine That Elicits Enhanced T Cell-Mediated Immune Response. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10030388. [PMID: 35335018 PMCID: PMC8950781 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10030388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucella abortus vaccines help control bovine brucellosis. The RB51 strain is a live attenuated vaccine with low side effects compared with other live attenuated brucellosis vaccines, but it provides insufficient protective efficacy. Cell-mediated immune responses are critical in resistance against intracellular bacterial infections. Therefore, we hypothesized that the listeriolysin O (LLO) expression of Listeria monocytogenes, BAX, and SMAC apoptotic proteins in strain RB51 could enhance vaccine efficacy and safety. B. abortus RB51 was transformed separately with two broad-host-range plasmids (pbbr1ori-LLO and pBlu–mLLO-BAX-SMAC) constructed from our recent work. pbbr1ori-LLO contains LLO, and pBlu–mLLO-BAX-SMAC contains the mutant LLO and BAX-SMAC fusion gene. The murine macrophage-like cell line J774A.1 was infected with the RB51 recombinant strain containing pBlu-mLLO-BAX-SMAC, RB51 recombinant strain containing LLO, and RB51 strain. The bacterial cytotoxicity and survival and apoptosis of host cells contaminated with our two strain types—RB51 recombinants or the parental RB51—were assessed. Strain RB51 expressing mLLO and BAX-SMAC was tested in BALB/c mice and a cell line for enhanced modulation of IFN-γ production. LDH analysis showed that the RB51-mLLO-BAX-SMAC and RB51-LLO strains expressed higher cytotoxicity in J774A.1 cells than RB51. In addition, RB51 recombinants had lower macrophage survival rates and caused higher levels of apoptosis and necrosis. Mice vaccinated with the RB51 recombinant containing mLLO-BAX-SMAC showed an enhanced Th1 immune response. This enhanced immune response is primarily due to bacterial endosome escape and bacterial antigens, leading to improved apoptosis and cross-priming. This potentially enhanced TCD8+- and T cell-mediated immunity leads to the increased safety and potency of the RB51 recombinant (RB51 mLLO-BAX-SMAC) as a vaccine candidate against B. abortus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Sarmadi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran; (M.S.); (N.Z.); (H.M.)
| | - Azam Gheibi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14177-55469, Iran;
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (H.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Hossein Khanahmad
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran; (M.S.); (N.Z.); (H.M.)
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (H.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Mohammad Reza Khorramizadeh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14177-55469, Iran;
- Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14117-13139, Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Hejazi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran;
| | - Noushin Zahedi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran; (M.S.); (N.Z.); (H.M.)
| | - Hamidreza Mianesaz
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran; (M.S.); (N.Z.); (H.M.)
| | - Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY 10031, USA
- Graduate Program in Biology, City University of New York Graduate Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (H.K.); (K.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Huang Z, Yu K, Fu S, Xiao Y, Wei Q, Wang D. Genomic analysis reveals high intra-species diversity of Shewanella algae. Microb Genom 2022; 8. [PMID: 35143386 PMCID: PMC8942018 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Shewanella algae is widely distributed in marine and freshwater habitats, and has been proved to be an emerging marine zoonotic and human pathogen. However, the genomic characteristics and pathogenicity of Shewanella algae are unclear. Here, the whole-genome features of 55 S. algae strains isolated from different sources were described. Pan-genome analysis yielded 2863 (19.4 %) genes shared among all strains. Functional annotation of the core genome showed that the main functions are focused on basic lifestyle such as metabolism and energy production. Meanwhile, the phylogenetic tree of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of core genome divided the 55 strains into three clades, with the majority of strains from China falling into the first two clades. As for the accessory genome, 167 genomic islands (GIs) and 65 phage-related elements were detected. The CRISPR-Cas system with a high degree of confidence was predicted in 23 strains. The GIs carried a suite of virulence genes and mobile genetic elements, while prophages contained several transposases and integrases. Horizontal genes transfer based on homology analysis indicated that these GIs and prophages were parts of major drivers for the evolution and the environmental adaptation of S. algae. In addition, a rich putative virulence-associated gene pool was found. Eight classes of antibiotic-associated resistance genes were detected, and the carriage rate of β-lactam resistance genes was 100 %. In conclusion, S. algae exhibits a high intra-species diversity in the aspects of population structure, virulence-associated genes and potential drug resistance, which is helpful for its evolution in pathogenesis and environmental adaptability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhou Huang
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 102206, PR China.,Center for Human Pathogenic Culture Collection, China CDC, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Keyi Yu
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 102206, PR China.,Center for Human Pathogenic Culture Collection, China CDC, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Songzhe Fu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture (KLECA), Ministry of Education, Dalian, PR China.,College of Marine Science and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Yue Xiao
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 102206, PR China.,Center for Human Pathogenic Culture Collection, China CDC, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Center for Human Pathogenic Culture Collection, China CDC, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Duochun Wang
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 102206, PR China.,Center for Human Pathogenic Culture Collection, China CDC, Beijing 102206, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
de la Garza-García JA, Ouahrani-Bettache S, Lyonnais S, Ornelas-Eusebio E, Freddi L, Al Dahouk S, Occhialini A, Köhler S. Comparative Genome-Wide Transcriptome Analysis of Brucella suis and Brucella microti Under Acid Stress at pH 4.5: Cold Shock Protein CspA and Dps Are Associated With Acid Resistance of B. microti. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:794535. [PMID: 34966374 PMCID: PMC8710502 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.794535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellae are facultative intracellular coccobacilli causing brucellosis, one of the most widespread bacterial zoonosis affecting wildlife animals, livestock and humans. The genus Brucella comprises classical and atypical species, such as Brucella suis and Brucella microti, respectively. The latter is characterized by increased metabolic activity, fast growth rates, and extreme acid resistance at pH 2.5, suggesting an advantage for environmental survival. In addition, B. microti is more acid-tolerant than B. suis at the intermediate pH of 4.5. This acid-resistant phenotype of B. microti may have major implications for fitness in soil, food products and macrophages. Our study focused on the identification and characterization of acid resistance determinants of B. suis and B. microti in Gerhardt's minimal medium at pH 4.5 and 7.0 for 20 min and 2 h by comparative RNA-Seq-based transcriptome analysis, validated by RT-qPCR. Results yielded a common core response in both species with a total of 150 differentially expressed genes, and acidic pH-dependent genes regulated specifically in each species. The identified core response mechanisms comprise proton neutralization or extrusion from the cytosol, participating in maintaining physiological intracellular pH values. Differential expression of 441 genes revealed species-specific mechanisms in B. microti with rapid physiological adaptation to acid stress, anticipating potential damage to cellular components and critical energy conditions. Acid stress-induced genes encoding cold shock protein CspA, pseudogene in B. suis, and stress protein Dps were associated with survival of B. microti at pH 4.5. B. suis response with 284 specifically regulated genes suggested increased acid stress-mediated protein misfolding or damaging, triggering the set-up of repair strategies countering the consequences rather than the origin of acid stress and leading to subsequent loss of viability. In conclusion, our work supports the hypothesis that increased acid stress resistance of B. microti is based on selective pressure for the maintenance of functionality of critical genes, and on specific differential gene expression, resulting in rapid adaptation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A de la Garza-García
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), CNRS, University Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Safia Ouahrani-Bettache
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), CNRS, University Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Erika Ornelas-Eusebio
- Unité des Zoonoses Bactériennes and Unité d'Epidémiologie, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, ANSES, University Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Luca Freddi
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), CNRS, University Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Alessandra Occhialini
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), CNRS, University Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Stephan Köhler
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), CNRS, University Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sauceda-Becerra R, Barrios-García H, Martínez-Burnes J, Arellano-Reynoso B, Benítez-Guzmán A, Hernández-Castro R, Alva-Pérez J. Brucella melitensis invA gene (BME_RS01060) transcription is promoted under acidic stress conditions. Arch Microbiol 2021; 204:52. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02664-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
13
|
|
14
|
Yang J, He C, Zhang H, Liu M, Zhao H, Ren L, Wu D, Du F, Liu B, Han X, He S, Chen Z. Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis of a Genetic Marked Brucella Vaccine A19ΔvirB12 for Cattle. Front Immunol 2021; 12:679560. [PMID: 34163479 PMCID: PMC8215367 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.679560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucella abortus is an important zoonotic pathogen that causes severe economic loss to husbandry and poses a threat to human health. The B. abortus A19 live vaccine has been extensively used to prevent bovine brucellosis in China. However, it is difficult to distinguish the serological response induced by A19 from that induced by natural infection. In this study, a novel genetically marked vaccine, A19ΔvirB12, was generated and evaluated. The results indicated that A19ΔvirB12 was able to provide effective protection against B. abortus 2308 (S2308) challenge in mice. Furthermore, the safety and protective efficacy of A19ΔvirB12 have been confirmed in natural host cattle. Additionally, the VirB12 protein allowed for serological differentiation between the S2308 challenge/natural infection and A19ΔvirB12 vaccination. However, previous studies have found that the accuracy of the serological detection based on VirB12 needs to be improved. Therefore, we attempted to identify potential supplementary antigens with differential diagnostic functions by combining label-free quantitative proteomics and protein chip technology. Twenty-six proteins identified only in S2308 were screened; among them, five proteins were considered as potential supplementary antigens. Thus, the accuracy of the differential diagnosis between A19ΔvirB12 immunization and field infection may be improved through multi-antigen detection. In addition, we explored the possible attenuation factors of Brucella vaccine strain. Nine virulence factors were downregulated in A19ΔvirB12. The downregulation pathways of A19ΔvirB12 were significantly enriched in quorum sensing, ATP-binding cassette transporter, and metabolism. Several proteins related to cell division were significantly downregulated, while some proteins involved in transcription were upregulated in S2308. In conclusion, our results contribute to the control and eradication of brucellosis and provide insights into the mechanisms underlying the attenuation of A19ΔvirB12.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianghua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chuanyu He
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.,Tecon Biological Co. Ltd., Urumqi, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | | | | | - Lisong Ren
- Tecon Biological Co. Ltd., Urumqi, China
| | | | - Fangyuan Du
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Baoshan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaohu Han
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Sun He
- Tecon Biological Co. Ltd., Urumqi, China
| | - Zeliang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China.,Brucellosis Prevention and Treatment Engineering Technology Research Center of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, China.,School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Terasaki M, Kimura Y, Yamada M, Nishida H. Genomic information of Kocuria isolates from sake brewing process. AIMS Microbiol 2021; 7:114-123. [PMID: 33659772 PMCID: PMC7921380 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2021008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria belonging to the genus Kocuria were identified as bacteria peculiar to a sake brewery in Toyama, Japan. Comparison of the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed two groups of Kocuria isolates. Among known species, one group was similar to K. koreensis (Kk type), and the other, K. uropygioeca (Ku type). We determined complete genomic DNA sequences from two isolates, TGY1120_3 and TGY1127_2, which belong to types Kk and Ku, respectively. Comparison of these genomic information showed that these isolates differ at the species level with different genomic characters. Isolate TGY1120_3 comprised one chromosome and three plasmids, and the same transposon coding region was located on two loci on the chromosome and one locus on one plasmid, suggesting that the genetic element may be transferred between the chromosome and plasmid. Isolate TGY1127_2 comprised one chromosome and one plasmid. This plasmid encoded an identical transposase coding region, strongly suggesting that the genetic element may be transferred between these different isolates through plasmids. These four plasmids carried a highly similar region, indicating that they share a common ancestor. Thus, these two isolates may form a community and exchange their genetic information during sake brewing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Momoka Terasaki
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Yukiko Kimura
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Masato Yamada
- Narimasa Sake Brewery, 418 Tachi, Nanto, Toyama 939-1676, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nishida
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
NLRP6-associated host microbiota composition impacts in the intestinal barrier to systemic dissemination of Brucella abortus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009171. [PMID: 33617596 PMCID: PMC7932538 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucella abortus is a Gram-negative bacterium responsible for a worldwide zoonotic infection—Brucellosis, which has been associated with high morbidity rate in humans and severe economic losses in infected livestock. The natural route of infection is through oral and nasal mucosa but the invasion process through host gut mucosa is yet to be understood. Studies have examined the role of NLRP6 (NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing-6 protein) in gut homeostasis and defense against pathogens. Here, we investigated the impact of gut microbiota and NLRP6 in a murine model of Ba oral infection. Nlrp6-/- and wild-type (WT) mice were infected by oral gavage with Ba and tissues samples were collected at different time points. Our results suggest that Ba oral infection leads to significant alterations in gut microbiota. Moreover, Nlrp6-/- mice were more resistant to infection, with decreased CFU in the liver and reduction in gut permeability when compared to the control group. Fecal microbiota transplantation from WT and Nlrp6-/- into germ-free mice reflected the gut permeability phenotype from the donors. Additionally, depletion of gut microbiota by broad-spectrum-antibiotic treatment prevented Ba replication in WT while favoring bacterial growth in Nlrp6-/-. Finally, we observed higher eosinophils in the gut and leukocytes in the blood of infected Nlrp6-/- compared to WT-infected mice, which might be associated to the Nlrp6-/- resistance phenotype. Altogether, these results indicated that gut microbiota composition is the major factor involved in the initial stages of pathogen host replication and partially also by the resistance phenotype observed in Nlrp6 -/- mice regulating host inflammation against Ba infection. Brucella abortus (Ba) is an intracellular bacterium that causes zoonotic and clinical problems worldwide. Although the common route of infection is through oral and nasal, the mechanisms toward the gastrointestinal mucosa response is still unexplored. It is well known that microbiota promotes and maintains host intestinal homeostasis during bacterial infections. However, mechanisms by which the gut microbiota affects the Ba infection have not yet been demonstrated. Here, we provide significant insights into the relationship between gut microbiota and B. abortus oral infection and demonstrate the gut microbiota contribution to the gut permeability and dissemination of Ba. Furthermore, we investigated the participation of the gut microbiota from Nlrp6 deficient mice, on the gut permeability and Ba infection. Substantial experiments performed, mostly in vivo, showed that gut microbiota alterations promote gut barrier disruption, as indicated by increased gut permeability after Ba oral infection. Thus, our work highlights the role of gut mucosal environment through gut microbiota and Nlrp6 molecule involved in host innate immune responses to Ba infection.
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Bacteria in the genus
Brucella
are important human and veterinary pathogens. The abortion and infertility they cause in food animals produce economic hardships in areas where the disease has not been controlled, and human brucellosis is one of the world’s most common zoonoses.
Brucella
strains have also been isolated from wildlife, but we know much less about the pathobiology and epidemiology of these infections than we do about brucellosis in domestic animals.
Collapse
|
18
|
Borie C, Bravo C, Dettleff P, Galarce N, Dorner J, Martínez V. First genome sequence of Chilean Brucella canis SCL strain provides insights on the epidemiology and virulence factors, explaining differences between geographical origins. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
|
19
|
Yang J, Liu M, Liu J, Liu B, He C, Chen Z. Proteomic Analysis of Stationary Growth Stage Adaptation and Nutritional Deficiency Response of Brucella abortus. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:598797. [PMID: 33384672 PMCID: PMC7769873 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.598797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis, an important bacterial zoonosis caused by Brucella species, has drawn increasing attention worldwide. As an intracellular pathogen, the ability of Brucella to deal with stress within the host cell is closely related to its virulence. Due to the similarity between the survival pressure on Brucella within host cells and that during the stationary phase, a label-free proteomics approach was used to study the adaptive response of Brucella abortus in the stationary stage to reveal the possible intracellular adaptation mechanism in this study. A total of 182 downregulated and 140 upregulated proteins were found in the stationary-phase B. abortus. B. abortus adapted to adverse environmental changes by regulating virulence, reproduction, transcription, translation, stress response, and energy production. In addition, both exponential- and stationary-phase B. abortus were treated with short-term starvation. The exponential B. abortus restricted cell reproduction and energy utilization and enhanced material transport in response to nutritional stress. Compared with the exponential phase, stationary Brucella adjusted their protein expression to a lesser extent under starvation. Therefore, B. abortus in the two growth stages significantly differed in the regulation of protein expression in response to the same stress. Overall, we outlined the adaptive mechanisms that B. abortus may employ during growth and compared the differences between exponential- and stationary-phase B. abortus in response to starvation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianghua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | | | - Jinling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Baoshan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chuanyu He
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zeliang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China.,Brucellosis Prevention and Treatment Engineering Technology Research Center of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, China.,School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Rajendhran J. Genomic insights into Brucella. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 87:104635. [PMID: 33189905 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease caused by certain species of Brucella. Each species has its preferred host animal, though it can infect other animals too. For a longer period, only six classical species were recognized in the genus Brucella. No vaccine is available for human brucellosis. Therefore, human brucellosis can be controlled only by controlling brucellosis in animals. The genus is now expanding with the newly isolated atypical strains from various animals, including marine mammals. Presently, 12 species of Brucella have been recognized. The first genome of Brucella was released in 2002, and today, we have more than 1500 genomes of Brucella spp. isolated worldwide. Multiple genome sequences are available for the major zoonotic species, B. abortus, B. melitensis, and B. suis. The Brucella genome has two chromosomes with the approximate sizes of 2.1 and 1.2 Mbp. The genome of Brucella is highly conserved across all the species at the nucleotide level. One of the unanswered questions is what makes host preference in different species of Brucella. Here, I summarize the recent advancements in the Brucella genomics research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeyaprakash Rajendhran
- Department of Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kornspan D, Zahavi T, Salmon-Divon M. The Acidic Stress Response of the Intracellular Pathogen Brucella melitensis: New Insights from a Comparative, Genome-Wide Transcriptome Analysis. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11091016. [PMID: 32872264 PMCID: PMC7563570 DOI: 10.3390/genes11091016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The intracellular pathogenic bacteria belonging to the genus Brucella must cope with acidic stress as they penetrate the host via the gastrointestinal route, and again during the initial stages of intracellular infection. A transcription-level regulation has been proposed to explain this but the specific molecular mechanisms are yet to be determined. We recently reported a comparative transcriptomic analysis of the attenuated vaccine Brucella melitensis strain Rev.1 against the virulent strain 16M in cultures grown under either neutral or acidic conditions. Here, we re-analyze the RNA-seq data of 16M from our previous study and compare it to published transcriptomic data of this strain from both an in cellulo and an in vivo model. We identify 588 genes that are exclusively differentially expressed in 16M grown under acidic versus neutral pH conditions, including 286 upregulated genes and 302 downregulated genes that are not differentially expressed in either the in cellulo or the in vivo model. Of these, we highlight 13 key genes that are known to be associated with a bacterial response to acidic stress and, in our study, were highly upregulated under acidic conditions. These genes provide new molecular insights into the mechanisms underlying the acid-resistance of Brucella within its host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Kornspan
- Department of Bacteriology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-3-968-1745
| | - Tamar Zahavi
- Genomic Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; (T.Z.); (M.S.-D.)
| | - Mali Salmon-Divon
- Genomic Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; (T.Z.); (M.S.-D.)
- Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
The Role of ST2 Receptor in the Regulation of Brucella abortus Oral Infection. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9050328. [PMID: 32353980 PMCID: PMC7281115 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9050328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The ST2 receptor plays an important role in the gut such as permeability regulation, epithelium regeneration, and promoting intestinal immune modulation. Here, we studied the role of ST2 receptor in a murine model of oral infection with Brucella abortus, its influence on gut homeostasis and control of bacterial replication. Balb/c (wild-type, WT) and ST2 deficient mice (ST2−/−) were infected by oral gavage and the results were obtained at 3 and 14 days post infection (dpi). Our results suggest that ST2−/− are more resistant to B. abortus infection, as a lower bacterial colony-forming unit (CFU) was detected in the livers and spleens of knockout mice, when compared to WT. Additionally, we observed an increase in intestinal permeability in WT-infected mice, compared to ST2−/− animals. Breakage of the intestinal epithelial barrier and bacterial dissemination might be associated with the presence of the ST2 receptor; since, in the knockout mice no change in intestinal permeability was observed after infection. Together with enhanced resistance to infection, ST2−/− produced greater levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α in the small intestine, compared to WT mice. Nevertheless, in the systemic model of infection ST2 plays no role in controlling Brucella replication in vivo. Our results suggest that the ST2 receptor is involved in the invasion process of B. abortus by the mucosa in the oral infection model.
Collapse
|
23
|
García Lobo JM, Ortiz Y, Gonzalez-Riancho C, Seoane A, Arellano-Reynoso B, Sangari FJ. Polymorphisms in Brucella Carbonic Anhydrase II Mediate CO 2 Dependence and Fitness in vivo. Front Microbiol 2020; 10:2751. [PMID: 31921002 PMCID: PMC6915039 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Some Brucella isolates are known to require an increased concentration of CO2 for growth, especially in the case of primary cultures obtained directly from infected animals. Moreover, the different Brucella species and biovars show a characteristic pattern of CO2 requirement, and this trait has been included among the routine typing tests used for species and biovar differentiation. By comparing the differences in gene content among different CO2-dependent and CO2-independent Brucella strains, we have confirmed that carbonic anhydrase (CA) II is the enzyme responsible for this phenotype in all the Brucella strains tested. Brucella species contain two CAs of the β family, CA I and CA II; genetic polymorphisms exist for both of them in different isolates, but only those putatively affecting the activity of CA II correlate with the CO2 requirement of the corresponding isolate. Analysis of these polymorphisms does not allow the determination of CA I functionality, while the polymorphisms in CA II consist of small deletions that cause a frameshift that changes the C-terminus of the protein, probably affecting its dimerization status, essential for the activity. CO2-independent mutants arise easily in vitro, although with a low frequency ranging from 10–6 to 10–10 depending on the strain. These mutants carry compensatory mutations that produce a full-length CA II. At the same time, no change was observed in the sequence coding for CA I. A competitive index assay designed to evaluate the fitness of a CO2-dependent strain compared to its corresponding CO2-independent strain revealed that while there is no significant difference when the bacteria are grown in culture plates, growth in vivo in a mouse model of infection provides a significant advantage to the CO2-dependent strain. This could explain why some Brucella isolates are CO2 dependent in primary isolation. The polymorphism described here also allows the in silico determination of the CO2 requirement status of any Brucella strain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan M García Lobo
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), CSIC - Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Yelina Ortiz
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), CSIC - Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Candela Gonzalez-Riancho
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), CSIC - Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Asunción Seoane
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), CSIC - Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Beatriz Arellano-Reynoso
- Departamento de Microbiología, Delegación Coyoacán, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Félix J Sangari
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), CSIC - Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Varesio LM, Willett JW, Fiebig A, Crosson S. A Carbonic Anhydrase Pseudogene Sensitizes Select Brucella Lineages to Low CO 2 Tension. J Bacteriol 2019; 201:e00509-19. [PMID: 31481543 PMCID: PMC6805109 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00509-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucella spp. are intracellular pathogens that cause a disease known as brucellosis. Though the genus is highly monomorphic at the genetic level, species have animal host preferences and some defining physiologic characteristics. Of note is the requirement for CO2 supplementation to cultivate particular species, which confounded early efforts to isolate B. abortus from diseased cattle. Differences in the capacity of Brucella species to assimilate CO2 are determined by mutations in the carbonic anhydrase gene, bcaA Ancestral single-nucleotide insertions in bcaA have resulted in frameshifted pseudogenes in B. abortus and B. ovis lineages, which underlie their inability to grow under the low CO2 tension of a standard atmosphere. Incubation of wild-type B. ovis in air selects for mutations that "rescue" a functional bcaA reading frame, which enables growth under low CO2 and enhances the growth rate under high CO2 Accordingly, we show that heterologous expression of functional Escherichia coli carbonic anhydrases enables B. ovis growth in air. Growth of B. ovis is acutely sensitive to a reduction in CO2 tension, while frame-rescued B. ovis mutants are insensitive to CO2 shifts. B. ovis initiates a gene expression program upon CO2 downshift that resembles the stringent response and results in transcriptional activation of its type IV secretion system. Our study provides evidence that loss-of-function insertion mutations in bcaA sensitize the response of B. ovis and B. abortus to reduced CO2 tension relative to that of other Brucella lineages. CO2-dependent starvation and virulence gene expression programs in these species may influence persistence or transmission in natural hosts.IMPORTANCEBrucella spp. are highly related, but they exhibit differences in animal host preference that must be determined by genome sequence differences. B. ovis and the majority of B. abortus strains require high CO2 tension to be cultivated in vitro and harbor conserved insertional mutations in the carbonic anhydrase gene, bcaA, which underlie this trait. Mutants that grow in a standard atmosphere, first reported nearly a century ago, are easily selected in the laboratory. These mutants harbor varied indel polymorphisms in bcaA that restore its consensus reading frame and rescue its function. Loss of bcaA function has evolved independently in the B. ovis and B. abortus lineages and results in a dramatically increased sensitivity to CO2 limitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lydia M Varesio
- Committee on Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jonathan W Willett
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Aretha Fiebig
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Sean Crosson
- Committee on Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Jaÿ M, Freddi L, Mick V, Durand B, Girault G, Perrot L, Taunay B, Vuilmet T, Azam D, Ponsart C, Zanella G. Brucella microti-like prevalence in French farms producing frogs. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 67:617-625. [PMID: 31574213 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the last 10 years, many atypical novel members of Brucella species have been reported, including several Brucella inopinata-like strains in wild-caught and "exotic" amphibians from various continents. In 2017, a strain of Brucella was isolated for the first time in animals from a French farm producing frogs-Pelophylax ridibundus-for human consumption and identified as B. microti-like. Following this first isolation, investigations were performed in this farm as well as in the farm of the research unit that provided the domestic frog strain to estimate the prevalence of B. microti-like infection and its presence in the surrounding environment. Farming practices were investigated and samples including frogs at different development stages, surface tank swabs, water, feed and soil were analysed by real-time PCR and bacteriological methods. High B. microti-like prevalence values (higher than 90%) were obtained in frog samples in the commercial farm, and its presence was highlighted in the environmental samples except feed. In the research unit farm, B. microti-like species was also isolated and detected in frog and environmental samples. These results show that B. microti-like organisms are able to colonize amphibians and persist in their environment. Its presence could constitute a possible risk for consumers and workers proving the importance of assessing the zoonotic and pathogenic potentials of these new and atypical Brucella species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryne Jaÿ
- EU/OIE/FAO & National Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, ANSES, Paris-Est University, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Luca Freddi
- EU/OIE/FAO & National Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, ANSES, Paris-Est University, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Virginie Mick
- EU/OIE/FAO & National Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, ANSES, Paris-Est University, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Benoit Durand
- Epidemiology Unit, Laboratory for Animal Health, ANSES, University Paris Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Guillaume Girault
- EU/OIE/FAO & National Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, ANSES, Paris-Est University, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Ludivine Perrot
- EU/OIE/FAO & National Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, ANSES, Paris-Est University, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Benoit Taunay
- EU/OIE/FAO & National Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, ANSES, Paris-Est University, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Thomas Vuilmet
- EU/OIE/FAO & National Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, ANSES, Paris-Est University, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Didier Azam
- U3E, Ecologie et Ecotoxicologie aquatique, INRA, pôle Gest'Aqua, Rennes, France
| | - Claire Ponsart
- EU/OIE/FAO & National Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, ANSES, Paris-Est University, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Gina Zanella
- Epidemiology Unit, Laboratory for Animal Health, ANSES, University Paris Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
López-Santiago R, Sánchez-Argáez AB, De Alba-Núñez LG, Baltierra-Uribe SL, Moreno-Lafont MC. Immune Response to Mucosal Brucella Infection. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1759. [PMID: 31481953 PMCID: PMC6710357 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is one of the most prevalent bacterial zoonosis of worldwide distribution. The disease is caused by Brucella spp., facultative intracellular pathogens. Brucellosis in animals results in abortion of fetuses, while in humans, it frequently manifests flu-like symptoms and a typical undulant fever, being osteoarthritis a common complication of the chronic infection. The two most common ways to acquire the infection in humans are through the ingestion of contaminated dairy products or by inhalation of contaminated aerosols. Brucella spp. enter the body mainly through the gastrointestinal and respiratory mucosa; however, most studies of immune response to Brucella spp. are performed analyzing models of systemic immunity. It is necessary to better understand the mucosal immune response induced by Brucella infection since this is the main entry site for the bacterium. In this review, some virulence factors and the mechanisms needed for pathogen invasion and persistence are discussed. Furthermore, some aspects of local immune responses induced during Brucella infection will be reviewed. With this knowledge, better vaccines can be designed focused on inducing protective mucosal immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rubén López-Santiago
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana Beatriz Sánchez-Argáez
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Liliana Gabriela De Alba-Núñez
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Martha Cecilia Moreno-Lafont
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Pasquevich KA, Carabajal MV, Guaimas FF, Bruno L, Roset MS, Coria LM, Rey Serrantes DA, Comerci DJ, Cassataro J. Omp19 Enables Brucella abortus to Evade the Antimicrobial Activity From Host's Proteolytic Defense System. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1436. [PMID: 31297115 PMCID: PMC6607954 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic microorganisms confront several proteolytic events in the molecular interplay with their host, highlighting that proteolysis and its regulation play an important role during infection. Microbial inhibitors, along with their target endogenous/exogenous enzymes, may directly affect the host's defense mechanisms and promote infection. Omp19 is a Brucella spp. conserved lipoprotein anchored by the lipid portion in the Brucella outer membrane. Previous work demonstrated that purified unlipidated Omp19 (U-Omp19) has protease inhibitor activity against gastrointestinal and lysosomal proteases. In this work, we found that a Brucella omp19 deletion mutant is highly attenuated in mice when infecting by the oral route. This attenuation can be explained by bacterial increased susceptibility to host proteases met by the bacteria during establishment of infection. Omp19 deletion mutant has a cell division defect when exposed to pancreatic proteases that is linked to cell-cycle arrest in G1-phase, Omp25 degradation on the cell envelope and CtrA accumulation. Moreover, Omp19 deletion mutant is more susceptible to killing by macrophage derived microsomes than wt strain. Preincubation with gastrointestinal proteases led to an increased susceptibility of Omp19 deletion mutant to macrophage intracellular killing. Thus, in this work, we describe for the first time a physiological function of B. abortus Omp19. This activity enables Brucella to better thrive in the harsh gastrointestinal tract, where protection from proteolytic degradation can be a matter of life or death, and afterwards invade the host and bypass intracellular proteases to establish the chronic infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karina A Pasquevich
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNSAM-CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas Dr. Rodolfo A. Ugalde, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marianela V Carabajal
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNSAM-CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas Dr. Rodolfo A. Ugalde, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francisco F Guaimas
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNSAM-CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas Dr. Rodolfo A. Ugalde, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Bruno
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNSAM-CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas Dr. Rodolfo A. Ugalde, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mara S Roset
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNSAM-CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas Dr. Rodolfo A. Ugalde, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lorena M Coria
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNSAM-CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas Dr. Rodolfo A. Ugalde, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego A Rey Serrantes
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNSAM-CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas Dr. Rodolfo A. Ugalde, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego J Comerci
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNSAM-CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas Dr. Rodolfo A. Ugalde, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juliana Cassataro
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNSAM-CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas Dr. Rodolfo A. Ugalde, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Nickel is an essential cofactor for some pathogen virulence factors. Due to its low availability in hosts, pathogens must efficiently transport the metal and then balance its ready intracellular availability for enzyme maturation with metal toxicity concerns. The most notable virulence-associated components are the Ni-enzymes hydrogenase and urease. Both enzymes, along with their associated nickel transporters, storage reservoirs, and maturation enzymes have been best-studied in the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori, a bacterium which depends heavily on nickel. Molecular hydrogen utilization is associated with efficient host colonization by the Helicobacters, which include both gastric and liver pathogens. Translocation of a H. pylori carcinogenic toxin into host epithelial cells is powered by H2 use. The multiple [NiFe] hydrogenases of Salmonella enterica Typhimurium are important in host colonization, while ureases play important roles in both prokaryotic (Proteus mirabilis and Staphylococcus spp.) and eukaryotic (Cryptoccoccus genus) pathogens associated with urinary tract infections. Other Ni-requiring enzymes, such as Ni-acireductone dioxygenase (ARD), Ni-superoxide dismutase (SOD), and Ni-glyoxalase I (GloI) play important metabolic or detoxifying roles in other pathogens. Nickel-requiring enzymes are likely important for virulence of at least 40 prokaryotic and nine eukaryotic pathogenic species, as described herein. The potential for pathogenic roles of many new Ni-binding components exists, based on recent experimental data and on the key roles that Ni enzymes play in a diverse array of pathogens.
Collapse
|
29
|
Głowacka P, Żakowska D, Naylor K, Niemcewicz M, Bielawska-Drózd A. Brucella - Virulence Factors, Pathogenesis and Treatment. Pol J Microbiol 2019; 67:151-161. [PMID: 30015453 PMCID: PMC7256693 DOI: 10.21307/pjm-2018-029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellae are Gram-negative, small rods infecting mammals and capable of causing disease called brucellosis. The infection results in abortion and sterility in domestic animals (sheeps, pigs, rams etc). Especially dangerous for humans are: Brucella melitensis, Brucella suis, Brucella abortus, and Brucella canis that trigger unspecific symptoms (flu-like manifestation). Brucella rods are introduced via host cells, by inhalation, skin abrasions, ingestion or mucosal membranes. The most important feature of Brucella is the ability to survive and multiply within both phagocytic and non-phagocytic cells. Brucella does not produce classical virulence factors: exotoxin, cytolisins, exoenzymes, plasmids, fimbria, and drug resistant forms. Major virulence factors are: lipopolysaccharide (LPS), T4SS secretion system and BvrR/BvrS system, which allow interaction with host cell surface, formation of an early, late BCV (Brucella Containing Vacuole) and interaction with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) when the bacteria multiply. The treatment of brucellosis is based on two-drug therapy, the most common combinations of antibiotics are: doxycycline with rifampicin or fluoroquinolones with rifampicin. Currently, also other methods are used to disrupt Brucella intracellular replication (tauroursodeoxycholic acid or ginseng saponin fraction A).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Głowacka
- Biological Threats Identification and Countermeasure Center of the General Karol Kaczkowski Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology,Puławy,Poland
| | - Dorota Żakowska
- Biological Threats Identification and Countermeasure Center of the General Karol Kaczkowski Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology,Puławy,Poland
| | - Katarzyna Naylor
- Lublin Medical University, Department of Didactics and Medical Simulation,Lublin,Poland
| | - Marcin Niemcewicz
- Biological Threats Identification and Countermeasure Center of the General Karol Kaczkowski Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology,Puławy,Poland
| | - Agata Bielawska-Drózd
- Biological Threats Identification and Countermeasure Center of the General Karol Kaczkowski Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology,Puławy,Poland
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Liu Y, Dong H, Peng X, Gao Q, Jiang H, Xu G, Qin Y, Niu J, Sun S, Li P, Ding J, Chen R. RNA-seq reveals the critical role of Lon protease in stress response and Brucella virulence. Microb Pathog 2019; 130:112-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
31
|
Tian M, Qu J, Li P, Bao Y, Liu J, Ding C, Wang S, Li T, Qi J, Yu S. Identification of novel genes essential for Brucella abortus to establish infection by signature-tagged mutagenesis. Vet Microbiol 2019; 230:130-137. [PMID: 30827378 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Brucella is a facultative intracellular bacterium, causing brucellosis, an important zoonosis worldwide. Brucella has no classic virulence factors, thus virulence is dependent on invasion of host cells and subsequent intracellular replication. Identification of key genes involved in Brucella virulence is important to further elucidate its pathogenesis. In this study, signature-tagged mutagenesis was used to identify novel genes involved in B. abortus infection in a mouse model. In total 3600 mutants were obtained, of which 56 were identified as attenuated mutants. Furthermore, 53 genes were identified to be inactivated by transposon insertion, including 19 genes previously reported to be essential for Brucella virulence and 34 others that were newly identified in this study. These genes were catalogued into 16 functional classifications, except for three that were not cited in the Clusters of Orthologous Groups database. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that energy production and conversion, amino acid transport and metabolism, as well as inorganic ion transport and metabolism were predominant functional classifications, suggesting that genes involved in these functions were crucial for Brucella virulence. In addition, the function of the identified pyruvate carboxylase (pyc) gene in bacterial virulence was confirmed using an allelic replacement pyc mutant and a mouse model. These findings provide novel genetic information associated with Brucella infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingxing Tian
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jing Qu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Peng Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yanqing Bao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jiameng Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Chan Ding
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Shaohui Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Tao Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jingjing Qi
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Shengqing Yu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, 200241, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Krzyżanowska DM, Maciąg T, Ossowicki A, Rajewska M, Kaczyński Z, Czerwicka M, Rąbalski Ł, Czaplewska P, Jafra S. Ochrobactrum quorumnocens sp. nov., a quorum quenching bacterium from the potato rhizosphere, and comparative genome analysis with related type strains. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210874. [PMID: 30668584 PMCID: PMC6342446 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ochrobactrum spp. are ubiquitous bacteria attracting growing attention as important members of microbiomes of plants and nematodes and as a source of enzymes for biotechnology. Strain Ochrobactrum sp. A44T was isolated from the rhizosphere of a field-grown potato in Gelderland, the Netherlands. The strain can interfere with quorum sensing (QS) of Gram-negative bacteria through inactivation of N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) and protect plant tissue against soft rot pathogens, the virulence of which is governed by QS. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene alone and concatenation of 16S rRNA gene and MLSA genes (groEL and gyrB) revealed that the closest relatives of A44T are O. grignonense OgA9aT, O. thiophenivorans DSM 7216T, O. pseudogrignonense CCUG 30717T, O. pituitosum CCUG 50899T, and O. rhizosphaerae PR17T. Genomes of all six type strains were sequenced, significantly expanding the possibility of genome-based analyses in Ochrobactrum spp. Average nucleotide identity (ANIb) and genome-to-genome distance (GGDC) values for A44T and the related strains were below the single species thresholds (95% and 70%, respectively), with the highest scores obtained for O. pituitosum CCUG 50899T (87.31%; 35.6%), O. rhizosphaerae PR17T (86.80%; 34.3%), and O. grignonense OgA9aT (86.30%; 33.6%). Distinction of A44T from the related type strains was supported by chemotaxonomic and biochemical analyses. Comparative genomics revealed that the core genome for the newly sequenced strains comprises 2731 genes, constituting 50–66% of each individual genome. Through phenotype-to-genotype study, we found that the non-motile strain O. thiophenivorans DSM 7216T lacks a cluster of genes related to flagella formation. Moreover, we explored the genetic background of distinct urease activity among the strains. Here, we propose to establish a novel species Ochrobactrum quorumnocens, with A44T as the type strain (= LMG 30544T = PCM 2957T).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorota M Krzyżanowska
- Laboratory of Biological Plant Protection, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Maciąg
- Laboratory of Biological Plant Protection, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Adam Ossowicki
- Laboratory of Biological Plant Protection, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Rajewska
- Laboratory of Biological Plant Protection, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Kaczyński
- Laboratory of Structural Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Czerwicka
- Laboratory of Structural Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Łukasz Rąbalski
- Laboratory of Recombinant Vaccines, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Paulina Czaplewska
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Sylwia Jafra
- Laboratory of Biological Plant Protection, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Detection of Brucella spp. in dogs at Pantanal wetlands. Braz J Microbiol 2018; 50:307-312. [PMID: 30637651 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-018-0006-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine brucellosis is an infectious disease that produces reproductive disease in both males and females. Although Brucella canis is more common, the infection by Brucella abortus is more frequent in dogs sharing habitats with livestock and wild animals. We decided to investigate the role of dogs in the maintenance of Brucella spp. in the Pantanal wetland. Serum and whole blood samples were collected from 167 dogs. To detect antibodies against B. abortus and B. canis, buffered acidified plate antigen (BAPA) and agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) tests were performed. To detect Brucella spp., B. abortus and B. canis DNA, PCR was performed using the bcsp31, BruAb2_0168, and BR00953 genes, respectively. To confirm the PCR results, three bcsp31 PCR products were sequenced and compared with sequences deposited in GenBank. The seropositivity rates of 7.8% and 9% were observed for the AGID and BAPA tests, respectively. Positivity rates of 45.5% and 10.8% were observed when testing bcsp31 and BruAb2_0168, respectively, while there was no positivity for BR00953. The sequenced products had 110 base pairs that aligned with 100% identity to B. abortus, B. canis, and B. suis. Considering our results, dogs may be acting as maintenance hosts of Brucella spp. in the Pantanal region.
Collapse
|
34
|
Bano B, Kanwal, Khan KM, Lodhi A, Salar U, Begum F, Ali M, Taha M, Perveen S. Synthesis, in vitro urease inhibitory activity, and molecular docking studies of thiourea and urea derivatives. Bioorg Chem 2018; 80:129-144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
35
|
Kappaun K, Piovesan AR, Carlini CR, Ligabue-Braun R. Ureases: Historical aspects, catalytic, and non-catalytic properties - A review. J Adv Res 2018; 13:3-17. [PMID: 30094078 PMCID: PMC6077230 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Urease (urea amidohydrolase, EC 3.5.1.5) is a nickel-containing enzyme produced by plants, fungi, and bacteria that catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea into ammonia and carbamate. Urease is of historical importance in Biochemistry as it was the first enzyme ever to be crystallized (1926). Finding nickel in urease's active site (1975) was the first indication of a biological role for this metal. In this review, historical and structural features, kinetics aspects, activation of the metallocenter and inhibitors of the urea hydrolyzing activity of ureases are discussed. The review also deals with the non-enzymatic biological properties, whose discovery 40 years ago started a new chapter in the study of ureases. Well recognized as virulence factors due to the production of ammonia and alkalinization in diseases by urease-positive microorganisms, ureases have pro-inflammatory, endocytosis-inducing and neurotoxic activities that do not require ureolysis. Particularly relevant in plants, ureases exert insecticidal and fungitoxic effects. Data on the jack bean urease and on jaburetox, a recombinant urease-derived peptide, have indicated that interactions with cell membrane lipids may be the basis of the non-enzymatic biological properties of ureases. Altogether, with this review we wanted to invite the readers to take a second look at ureases, very versatile proteins that happen also to catalyze the breakdown of urea into ammonia and carbamate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karine Kappaun
- Brain Institute (InsCer), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga 6690, Prédio 63, Porto Alegre, RS CEP 90610-000, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Angela Regina Piovesan
- Brain Institute (InsCer), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga 6690, Prédio 63, Porto Alegre, RS CEP 90610-000, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Celia Regina Carlini
- Brain Institute (InsCer), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga 6690, Prédio 63, Porto Alegre, RS CEP 90610-000, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Ligabue-Braun
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Budnick JA, Prado-Sanchez E, Caswell CC. Defining the regulatory mechanism of NikR, a nickel-responsive transcriptional regulator, in Brucella abortus. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2018; 164:1320-1325. [PMID: 30062985 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Metals are essential micronutrients for virtually all forms of life, but metal acquisition is a double-edged sword, because high concentrations of divalent cations can be toxic to the cell. Therefore, the genes involved in metal acquisition, storage and efflux are tightly regulated. The present study characterizes a nickel-responsive transcriptional regulator in the intracellular mammalian pathogen, Brucella abortus. Deletion of bab2_0432 (nikR) in B. abortus led to alterations in the nickel-responsive expression of the genes encoding the putative nickel importer NikABCDE and, moreover, NikR binds directly to a specific DNA sequence within the promoter region of nikA in a metal-dependent manner to control gene expression. While NikR is involved in controlling the expression of nikA, nikR is not required for the infection of macrophages or mice by B. abortus. Overall, this work characterizes the role of NikR in nickel-responsive gene expression, as well as the dispensability of nikR for Brucella virulence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James A Budnick
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for One Health Research, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Evymarie Prado-Sanchez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for One Health Research, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Clayton C Caswell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for One Health Research, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Endoribonuclease YbeY Is Linked to Proper Cellular Morphology and Virulence in Brucella abortus. J Bacteriol 2018; 200:JB.00105-18. [PMID: 29632093 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00105-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The YbeY endoribonuclease is one of the best-conserved proteins across the kingdoms of life. In the present study, we demonstrated that YbeY in Brucella abortus is linked to a variety of important activities, including proper cellular morphology, mRNA transcript levels, and virulence. Deletion of ybeY in B. abortus led to a small-colony phenotype when the bacteria were grown on agar medium, as well as to significant aberrations in the morphology of the bacterial cell as evidenced by electron microscopy. Additionally, compared to the parental strain, the ΔybeY strain was significantly attenuated in both macrophage and mouse models of infection. The ΔybeY strain also showed increased sensitivities to several in vitro-applied stressors, including bile acid, hydrogen peroxide, SDS, and paraquat. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that a multitude of mRNA transcripts are dysregulated in the ΔybeY strain, and many of the identified mRNAs encode proteins involved in metabolism, nutrient transport, transcriptional regulation, and flagellum synthesis. We subsequently constructed gene deletion strains of the most highly dysregulated systems, and several of the YbeY-linked gene deletion strains exhibited defects in the ability of the bacteria to survive and replicate in primary murine macrophages. Taken together, these data establish a clear role for YbeY in the biology and virulence of Brucella; moreover, this work further illuminates the highly varied roles of this widely conserved endoribonuclease in bacteria.IMPORTANCEBrucella spp. are highly efficient bacterial pathogens of animals and humans, causing significant morbidity and economic loss worldwide, and relapse of disease often occurs following antibiotic treatment of human brucellosis. As such, novel therapeutic strategies to combat Brucella infections are needed. Ribonucleases in the brucellae are understudied, and these enzymes represent elements that may be potential targets for future treatment approaches. The present work demonstrates the importance of the YbeY endoribonuclease for cellular morphology, efficient control of mRNA levels, and virulence in B. abortus Overall, the results of this study advance our understanding of the critical roles of YbeY in the pathogenesis of the intracellular brucellae and expand our understanding of this highly conserved RNase.
Collapse
|
38
|
Salmon-Divon M, Yeheskel A, Kornspan D. Genomic analysis of the original Elberg Brucella melitensis Rev.1 vaccine strain reveals insights into virulence attenuation. Virulence 2018; 9:1436-1448. [PMID: 30139304 PMCID: PMC6141144 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2018.1511677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The live attenuated Brucella melitensis Rev.1 Elberg-originated vaccine strain has been widely used to control brucellosis in small ruminants. However, despite extensive research, the molecular mechanisms underlying the attenuation of this strain are still unknown. In the current study, we conducted a comprehensive comparative analysis of the whole-genome sequence of Rev.1 against that of the virulent reference strain, B. melitensis 16M. This analysis revealed five regions of insertion and three regions of deletion within the Rev.1 genome, among which, one large region of insertion, comprising 3,951 bp, was detected in the Rev.1 genome. In addition, we found several missense mutations within important virulence-related genes, which may be used to determine the mechanism underlying virulence attenuation. Collectively, our findings provide new insights into the Brucella virulence mechanisms and, therefore, may serve as a basis for the rational design of new Brucella vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mali Salmon-Divon
- Genomic Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Adva Yeheskel
- Bioinformatics Unit, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - David Kornspan
- Department of Bacteriology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Freddi L, Damiano MA, Chaloin L, Pennacchietti E, Al Dahouk S, Köhler S, De Biase D, Occhialini A. The Glutaminase-Dependent System Confers Extreme Acid Resistance to New Species and Atypical Strains of Brucella. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2236. [PMID: 29187839 PMCID: PMC5695133 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutralophilic bacteria have developed specific mechanisms to cope with the acid stress encountered in environments such as soil, fermented foods, and host compartments. In Escherichia coli, the glutamate decarboxylase (Gad)-dependent system is extremely efficient: it requires the concerted action of glutamate decarboxylase (GadA/GadB) and of the glutamate (Glu)/γ-aminobutyrate antiporter, GadC. Notably, this system is operative also in new strains/species of Brucella, among which Brucella microti, but not in the “classical” species, with the exception of marine mammals strains. Recently, the glutaminase-dependent system (named AR2_Q), relying on the deamination of glutamine (Gln) into Glu and on GadC activity, was described in E. coli. In Brucella genomes, a putative glutaminase (glsA)-coding gene is located downstream of the gadBC genes. We found that in B. microti these genes are expressed as a polycistronic transcript. Moreover, using a panel of Brucella genus-representative strains, we show that the AR2_Q system protects from extreme acid stress (pH ≤2.5), in the sole presence of Gln, only the Brucella species/strains predicted to have functional glsA and gadC. Indeed, mutagenesis approaches confirmed the involvement of glsA and gadC of B. microti in AR2_Q and that the acid-sensitive phenotype of B. abortus can be ascribed to a Ser248Leu substitution in GlsA, leading to loss of glutaminase activity. Furthermore, we found that the gene BMI_II339, of unknown function and downstream of the gadBC–glsA operon, positively affects Gad- and GlsA-dependent AR. Thus, we identified novel determinants that allow newly discovered and marine mammals Brucella strains to be better adapted to face hostile acidic environments. As for significance, this work may contribute to the understanding of the host preferences of Brucella species and opens the way to alternative diagnostic targets in epidemiological surveillance of brucellosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Freddi
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Maria A Damiano
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Chaloin
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Eugenia Pennacchietti
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to the Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Latina, Italy
| | | | - Stephan Köhler
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Daniela De Biase
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to the Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Latina, Italy
| | - Alessandra Occhialini
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Hop HT, Arayan LT, Reyes AWB, Huy TXN, Min W, Lee HJ, Son JS, Kim S. Simultaneous RNA-seq based transcriptional profiling of intracellular Brucella abortus and B. abortus-infected murine macrophages. Microb Pathog 2017; 113:57-67. [PMID: 29054743 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Brucella is a zoonotic pathogen that survives within macrophages; however the replicative mechanisms involved are not fully understood. We describe the isolation of sufficient Brucella abortus RNA from primary host cell environment using modified reported methods for RNA-seq analysis, and simultaneously characterize the transcriptional profiles of intracellular B. abortus and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM) from BALB/c mice at 24 h (replicative phase) post-infection. Our results revealed that 25.12% (801/3190) and 16.16% (515/3190) of the total B. abortus genes were up-regulated and down-regulated at >2-fold, respectively as compared to the free-living B. abortus. Among >5-fold differentially expressed genes, the up-regulated genes are mostly involved in DNA, RNA manipulations as well as protein biosynthesis and secretion while the down-regulated genes are mainly involved in energy production and metabolism. On the other hand, the host responses during B. abortus infection revealed that 14.01% (6071/43,346) of BMM genes were reproducibly transcribed at >5-fold during infection. Transcription of cytokines, chemokines and transcriptional factors, such as tumor necrosis factor (Tnf), interleukin-1α (Il1α), interleukin-1β (Il1β), interleukin-6 (Il6), interleukin-12 (Il12), chemokine C-X-C motif (CXCL) family, nuclear factor kappa B (Nf-κb), signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (Stat1), that may contribute to host defense were markedly induced while transcription of various genes involved in cell proliferation and metabolism were suppressed upon B. abortus infection. In conclusion, these data suggest that Brucella modulates gene expression in hostile intracellular environment while simultaneously alters the host pathways that may lead to the pathogen's intracellular survival and infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huynh Tan Hop
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Lauren Togonon Arayan
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Tran Xuan Ngoc Huy
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - WonGi Min
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hu Jang Lee
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Soo Son
- iNtRON Biotechnology, Inc., Room 903, JungAng Induspia, 137, Sagimakgol-ro, Jungwon-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do 13202, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Kim
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea; Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abdou E, Jiménez de Bagüés MP, Martínez-Abadía I, Ouahrani-Bettache S, Pantesco V, Occhialini A, Al Dahouk S, Köhler S, Jubier-Maurin V. RegA Plays a Key Role in Oxygen-Dependent Establishment of Persistence and in Isocitrate Lyase Activity, a Critical Determinant of In vivo Brucella suis Pathogenicity. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:186. [PMID: 28573107 PMCID: PMC5435760 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
For aerobic human pathogens, adaptation to hypoxia is a critical factor for the establishment of persistent infections, as oxygen availability is low inside the host. The two-component system RegB/A of Brucella suis plays a central role in the control of respiratory systems adapted to oxygen deficiency, and in persistence in vivo. Using an original "in vitro model of persistence" consisting in gradual oxygen depletion, we compared transcriptomes and proteomes of wild-type and ΔregA strains to identify the RegA-regulon potentially involved in the set-up of persistence. Consecutive to oxygen consumption resulting in growth arrest, 12% of the genes in B. suis were potentially controlled directly or indirectly by RegA, among which numerous transcriptional regulators were up-regulated. In contrast, genes or proteins involved in envelope biogenesis and in cellular division were repressed, suggesting a possible role for RegA in the set-up of a non-proliferative persistence state. Importantly, the greatest number of the RegA-repressed genes and proteins, including aceA encoding the functional IsoCitrate Lyase (ICL), were involved in energy production. A potential consequence of this RegA impact may be the slowing-down of the central metabolism as B. suis progressively enters into persistence. Moreover, ICL is an essential determinant of pathogenesis and long-term interactions with the host, as demonstrated by the strict dependence of B. suis on ICL activity for multiplication and persistence during in vivo infection. RegA regulates gene or protein expression of all functional groups, which is why RegA is a key regulator of B. suis in adaptation to oxygen depletion. This function may contribute to the constraint of bacterial growth, typical of chronic infection. Oxygen-dependent activation of two-component systems that control persistence regulons, shared by several aerobic human pathogens, has not been studied in Brucella sp. before. This work therefore contributes significantly to the unraveling of persistence mechanisms in this important zoonotic pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elias Abdou
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier UMR9004, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de MontpellierMontpellier, France
| | - María P. Jiménez de Bagüés
- Unidad de Tecnología en Producción y Sanidad Animal, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza)Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ignacio Martínez-Abadía
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier UMR9004, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de MontpellierMontpellier, France
| | - Safia Ouahrani-Bettache
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier UMR9004, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de MontpellierMontpellier, France
| | - Véronique Pantesco
- Institut de Médecine Régénératrice et Biothérapie—U1183 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche MédicaleMontpellier, France
| | - Alessandra Occhialini
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier UMR9004, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de MontpellierMontpellier, France
| | - Sascha Al Dahouk
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk AssessmentBerlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Köhler
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier UMR9004, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de MontpellierMontpellier, France
| | - Véronique Jubier-Maurin
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier UMR9004, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de MontpellierMontpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Neuvonen MM, Tamarit D, Näslund K, Liebig J, Feldhaar H, Moran NA, Guy L, Andersson SGE. The genome of Rhizobiales bacteria in predatory ants reveals urease gene functions but no genes for nitrogen fixation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39197. [PMID: 27976703 PMCID: PMC5156944 DOI: 10.1038/srep39197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut-associated microbiota of ants include Rhizobiales bacteria with affiliation to the genus Bartonella. These bacteria may enable the ants to fix atmospheric nitrogen, but no genomes have been sequenced yet to test the hypothesis. Sequence reads from a member of the Rhizobiales were identified in the data collected in a genome project of the ant Harpegnathos saltator. We present an analysis of the closed 1.86 Mb genome of the ant-associated bacterium, for which we suggest the species name Candidatus Tokpelaia hoelldoblerii. A phylogenetic analysis reveals a relationship to Bartonella and Brucella, which infect mammals. Novel gene acquisitions include a gene for a putative extracellular protein of more than 6,000 amino acids secreted by the type I secretion system, which may be involved in attachment to the gut epithelium. No genes for nitrogen fixation could be identified, but genes for a multi-subunit urease protein complex are present in the genome. The urease genes are also present in Brucella, which has a fecal-oral transmission pathway, but not in Bartonella, which use blood-borne transmission pathways. We hypothesize that the gain and loss of the urease function is related to transmission strategies and lifestyle changes in the host-associated members of the Rhizobiales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minna-Maria Neuvonen
- Department of Molecular Evolution, Cell and Molecular Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel Tamarit
- Department of Molecular Evolution, Cell and Molecular Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kristina Näslund
- Department of Molecular Evolution, Cell and Molecular Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Juergen Liebig
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Heike Feldhaar
- Animal Population Ecology, Department of Animal Ecology I, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, D-95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Nancy A Moran
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Lionel Guy
- Department of Molecular Evolution, Cell and Molecular Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Biomedical Centre, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Siv G E Andersson
- Department of Molecular Evolution, Cell and Molecular Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Willett JW, Herrou J, Czyz DM, Cheng JX, Crosson S. Brucella abortus ΔrpoE1 confers protective immunity against wild type challenge in a mouse model of brucellosis. Vaccine 2016; 34:5073-5081. [PMID: 27591954 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.08.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Brucella abortus general stress response (GSR) system regulates activity of the alternative sigma factor, σ(E1), which controls transcription of approximately 100 genes and is required for persistence in a BALB/c mouse chronic infection model. We evaluated the host response to infection by a B. abortus strain lacking σ(E1) (ΔrpoE1), and identified pathological and immunological features that distinguish ΔrpoE1-infected mice from wild-type (WT), and that correspond with clearance of ΔrpoE1 from the host. ΔrpoE1 infection was indistinguishable from WT in terms of splenic bacterial burden, inflammation and histopathology up to 6weeks post-infection. However, Brucella-specific serum IgG levels in ΔrpoE1-infected mice were 5 times higher than WT by 4weeks post-infection, and remained significantly higher throughout the course of a 12-week infection. Total IgG and Brucella-specific IgG levels peaked strongly in ΔrpoE1-infected mice at 6weeks, which correlated with reduced splenomegaly and bacterial burden relative to WT-infected mice. Given the difference in immune response to infection with wild-type and ΔrpoE1, we tested whether ΔrpoE1 confers protective immunity to wild-type challenge. Mice immunized with ΔrpoE1 completely resisted WT infection and had significantly higher serum titers of Brucella-specific IgG, IgG2a and IFN-γ after WT challenge relative to age-matched naïve mice. We conclude that immunization of BALB/c mice with the B. abortus GSR pathway mutant, ΔrpoE1, elicits an adaptive immune response that confers significant protective immunity against WT infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan W Willett
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Howard Taylor Ricketts Laboratory, University of Chicago, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - Julien Herrou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Howard Taylor Ricketts Laboratory, University of Chicago, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - Daniel M Czyz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Howard Taylor Ricketts Laboratory, University of Chicago, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - Jason X Cheng
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sean Crosson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Howard Taylor Ricketts Laboratory, University of Chicago, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA.,Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Nasal vaccination stimulates CD8(+) T cells for potent protection against mucosal Brucella melitensis challenge. Immunol Cell Biol 2016; 94:496-508. [PMID: 26752510 PMCID: PMC4879022 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2016.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Brucellosis remains a significant zoonotic threat worldwide. Humans and animals acquire infection via their oropharynx and upper respiratory tract following oral or aerosol exposure. After mucosal infection, brucellosis develops into a systemic disease. Mucosal vaccination could offer a viable alternative to conventional injection practices to deter disease. Using a nasal vaccination approach, the ΔznuA B. melitensis was found to confer potent protection against pulmonary Brucella challenge, and reduce colonization of spleens and lungs by more than 2500-fold, with more than 50% of vaccinated mice showing no detectable brucellae. Furthermore, tenfold more brucellae-specific, IFN-γ-producing CD8+ T cells than CD4+ T cells were induced in the spleen and respiratory lymph nodes. Evaluation of pulmonary and splenic CD8+ T cells from mice vaccinated with ΔznuA B. melitensis revealed that these expressed an activated effector memory (CD44hiCD62LloCCR7lo) T cells producing elevated levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, perforin, and granzyme B. To assess the relative importance of these increased numbers of CD8+ T cells, CD8−/− mice were challenged with virulent B. melitensis, and they showed markedly increased bacterial loads in organs in contrast to similarly challenged CD4−/− mice. Only ΔznuA B. melitensis- and Rev-1-vaccinated CD4−/− and wild-type mice, not CD8−/− mice, were completely protected against Brucella challenge. Determination of cytokines responsible for conferring protection showed the relative importance of IFN-γ, but not IL-17. Unlike wild-type mice, IL-17 was greatly induced in IFN-γ−/− mice, but IL-17 could not substitute for IFN-γ’s protection, although an increase in brucellae dissemination was observed upon in vivo IL-17 neutralization. These results show that nasal ΔznuA B. melitensis vaccination represents an attractive means to stimulate systemic and mucosal immune protection via CD8+ T cell engagement.
Collapse
|
45
|
Tikhomirova A, Jiang D, Kidd SP. A new insight into the role of intracellular nickel levels for the stress response, surface properties and twitching motility by Haemophilus influenzae. Metallomics 2016; 7:650-61. [PMID: 25350148 DOI: 10.1039/c4mt00245h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Nickel acts as a co-factor for a small number of enzymes in bacteria. Urease is one of the two nickel-dependent enzymes that have been identified in Haemophilus influenzae; glyoxalase I is the other. However, nickel has been suggested to have roles in H. influenzae that can not attributed to the function of these enzymes. We have previously shown that in the H. influenzae strain Rd KW20 the inability to acquire nickel led to alterations to the cell-type; an increased biofilm formation and changes in cell surface properties. Here we report the differences in the genome wide gene expression between Rd KW20 and a strain incapable of importing nickel (nikQ); revealing a link between intracellular nickel levels and genes involved in metabolic pathways, stress responses and genes associated with surface factors such as type IV pili. We have then taken a strain previously shown to use type IV pili both in biofilm formation and for twitching motility (86-028NP) and have shown its homologous genes (NTHI1417-1422; annotated as cobalt transporter, cbiKLMOQ) did import nickel and mutations in this locus had pleiotropic effects correlating to stress response and motility. Compared to wild type cells, the nickel depleted cells were more electronegativity charged, they aggregated and formed a biofilm. Correct intracellular nickel levels were also important for resistance to oxidative stress; the nickel depleted cells were more sensitive to oxidative stress. The nickel depleted cells were also non-motile, but the addition specifically of nickel returned these cells to a wild type motility state. We have also analysed the role of nickel uptake in a naturally, urease negative strain (the blood isolate R2866) and depleting intracellular nickel (a nikQ mutant) in this strain effected a similar range of cell functions. These data reveal a role for the capacity to acquire nickel from the environment and for the correct intracellular nickel levels as part of H. influenzae stress response and in signalling for a switch to a sessile bacterial lifestyle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Tikhomirova
- Research Centre for Infectious Disease, School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Wang W, Chen J, Chen G, Du X, Cui P, Wu J, Zhao J, Wu N, Zhang W, Li M, Zhang Y. Transposon Mutagenesis Identifies Novel Genes Associated with Staphylococcus aureus Persister Formation. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1437. [PMID: 26779120 PMCID: PMC4689057 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic bacterial persisters are responsible for the recalcitrance of chronic and persistent infections to antimicrobial therapy. Although the mechanisms of persister formation and survival have been widely studied in Escherichia coli, persistence mechanisms in Staphylococcus aureus remain largely unknown. Here, we screened a transposon mutant library of a clinical methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)strain, USA500 (ST8), under antibiotic pressure and identified 13 genes whose insertion mutations resulted in a defect in persistence. These candidate genes were further confirmed by evaluating the survival of the mutants upon exposure to levofloxacin and several other stress conditions. We found 13 insertion mutants with significantly lower persister numbers under several stress conditions, including sdhA, sdhB, ureG, mnhG1, fbaA, ctaB, clpX, parE, HOU_0223, HOU_0587, HOU_2091, HOU_2315, and HOU_2346, which mapped into pathways of oxidative phosphorylation, TCA cycle, glycolysis, cell cycle, and ABC transporters, suggesting that these genes and pathways may play an important role in persister formation and survival. The newly constructed knockout strains of ureG, sdhA and sdhB and their complemented strains were also tested for defect in persisters following exposure to levofloxacin and several other stress conditions. The results from these experiments were consistent with the screening results, which indicated that deletion of these genes in MRSA USA500 leads to persister defect. These findings provide novel insights into the mechanisms of persister formation and survival in S. aureus and offer new targets for the development of persister-directed antibiotics for the improved treatment of chronic and persistent infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University Shanghai, China
| | - Jiazhen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Du
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Cui
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University Shanghai, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan UniversityShanghai, China; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Carlini CR, Ligabue-Braun R. Ureases as multifunctional toxic proteins: A review. Toxicon 2015; 110:90-109. [PMID: 26690979 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ureases are metalloenzymes that hydrolyze urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide. They were the first enzymes to be crystallized and, with them, the notion that enzymes are proteins became accepted. Novel toxic properties of ureases that are independent of their enzyme activity have been discovered in the last three decades. Since our first description of the neurotoxic properties of canatoxin, an isoform of the jack bean urease, which appeared in Toxicon in 1981, about one hundred articles have been published on "new" properties of plant and microbial ureases. Here we review the present knowledge on the non-enzymatic properties of ureases. Plant ureases and microbial ureases are fungitoxic to filamentous fungi and yeasts by a mechanism involving fungal membrane permeabilization. Plant and at least some bacterial ureases have potent insecticidal effects. This entomotoxicity relies partly on an internal peptide released upon proteolysis of ingested urease by insect digestive enzymes. The intact protein and its derived peptide(s) are neurotoxic to insects and affect a number of other physiological functions, such as diuresis, muscle contraction and immunity. In mammal models some ureases are acutely neurotoxic upon injection, at least partially by enzyme-independent effects. For a long time bacterial ureases have been recognized as important virulence factors of diseases by urease-producing microorganisms. Ureases activate exocytosis in different mammalian cells recruiting eicosanoids and Ca(2+)-dependent pathways, even when their ureolytic activity is blocked by an irreversible inhibitor. Ureases are chemotactic factors recognized by neutrophils (and some bacteria), activating them and also platelets into a pro-inflammatory "status". Secretion-induction by ureases may play a role in fungal and bacterial diseases in humans and other animals. The now recognized "moonlighting" properties of these proteins have renewed interest in ureases for their biotechnological potential to improve plant defense against pests and as potential targets to ameliorate diseases due to pathogenic urease-producing microorganisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celia R Carlini
- Brain Institute (Instituto do Cérebro-INSCER), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Center of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Ligabue-Braun
- Center of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Vishnu US, Sankarasubramanian J, Sridhar J, Gunasekaran P, Rajendhran J. Identification of Recombination and Positively Selected Genes in Brucella. Indian J Microbiol 2015; 55:384-91. [PMID: 26543263 PMCID: PMC4627946 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-015-0545-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucella is a facultative intracellular bacterium belongs to the class alpha proteobacteria. It causes zoonotic disease brucellosis to wide range of animals. Brucella species are highly conserved in nucleotide level. Here, we employed a comparative genomics approach to examine the role of homologous recombination and positive selection in the evolution of Brucella. For the analysis, we have selected 19 complete genomes from 8 species of Brucella. Among the 1599 core genome predicted, 24 genes were showing signals of recombination but no significant breakpoint was found. The analysis revealed that recombination events are less frequent and the impact of recombination occurred is negligible on the evolution of Brucella. This leads to the view that Brucella is clonally evolved. On other hand, 56 genes (3.5 % of core genome) were showing signals of positive selection. Results suggest that natural selection plays an important role in the evolution of Brucella. Some of the genes that are responsible for the pathogenesis of Brucella were found positively selected, presumably due to their role in avoidance of the host immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Udayakumar S. Vishnu
- Department of Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu 625021 India
| | - Jagadesan Sankarasubramanian
- Department of Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu 625021 India
| | - Jayavel Sridhar
- Department of Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu 625021 India
| | - Paramasamy Gunasekaran
- Department of Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu 625021 India
| | - Jeyaprakash Rajendhran
- Department of Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu 625021 India
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Yu D, Hui Y, Zai X, Xu J, Liang L, Wang B, Yue J, Li S. Comparative genomic analysis of Brucella abortus vaccine strain 104M reveals a set of candidate genes associated with its virulence attenuation. Virulence 2015; 6:745-54. [PMID: 26039674 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2015.1038015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Brucella abortus strain 104M, a spontaneously attenuated strain, has been used as a vaccine strain in humans against brucellosis for 6 decades in China. Despite many studies, the molecular mechanisms that cause the attenuation are still unclear. Here, we determined the whole-genome sequence of 104M and conducted a comprehensive comparative analysis against the whole genome sequences of the virulent strain, A13334, and other reference strains. This analysis revealed a highly similar genome structure between 104M and A13334. The further comparative genomic analysis between 104M and A13334 revealed a set of genes missing in 104M. Some of these genes were identified to be directly or indirectly associated with virulence. Similarly, a set of mutations in the virulence-related genes was also identified, which may be related to virulence alteration. This study provides a set of candidate genes associated with virulence attenuation in B.abortus vaccine strain 104M.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yu
- a Beijing Institute of Biotechnology ; Beijing , PR China
| | - Yiming Hui
- b LanZhou Institute of Biological Products ; Lanzhou , PR China
| | - Xiaodong Zai
- a Beijing Institute of Biotechnology ; Beijing , PR China
| | - Junjie Xu
- a Beijing Institute of Biotechnology ; Beijing , PR China
| | - Long Liang
- a Beijing Institute of Biotechnology ; Beijing , PR China
| | - Bingxiang Wang
- b LanZhou Institute of Biological Products ; Lanzhou , PR China
| | - Junjie Yue
- a Beijing Institute of Biotechnology ; Beijing , PR China
| | - Shanhu Li
- a Beijing Institute of Biotechnology ; Beijing , PR China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Chouikha I, Hinnebusch BJ. Silencing urease: a key evolutionary step that facilitated the adaptation of Yersinia pestis to the flea-borne transmission route. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:18709-14. [PMID: 25453069 PMCID: PMC4284590 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1413209111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The arthropod-borne transmission route of Yersinia pestis, the bacterial agent of plague, is a recent evolutionary adaptation. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, the closely related food-and water-borne enteric species from which Y. pestis diverged less than 6,400 y ago, exhibits significant oral toxicity to the flea vectors of plague, whereas Y. pestis does not. In this study, we identify the Yersinia urease enzyme as the responsible oral toxin. All Y. pestis strains, including those phylogenetically closest to the Y. pseudotuberculosis progenitor, contain a mutated ureD allele that eliminated urease activity. Restoration of a functional ureD was sufficient to make Y. pestis orally toxic to fleas. Conversely, deletion of the urease operon in Y. pseudotuberculosis rendered it nontoxic. Enzymatic activity was required for toxicity. Because urease-related mortality eliminates 30-40% of infective flea vectors, ureD mutation early in the evolution of Y. pestis was likely subject to strong positive selection because it significantly increased transmission potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iman Chouikha
- Laboratory of Zoonotic Pathogens, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840
| | - B Joseph Hinnebusch
- Laboratory of Zoonotic Pathogens, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840
| |
Collapse
|