1
|
Listeria monocytogenes-How This Pathogen Uses Its Virulence Mechanisms to Infect the Hosts. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11121491. [PMID: 36558825 PMCID: PMC9783847 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeriosis is a serious food-borne illness, especially in susceptible populations, including children, pregnant women, and elderlies. The disease can occur in two forms: non-invasive febrile gastroenteritis and severe invasive listeriosis with septicemia, meningoencephalitis, perinatal infections, and abortion. Expression of each symptom depends on various bacterial virulence factors, immunological status of the infected person, and the number of ingested bacteria. Internalins, mainly InlA and InlB, invasins (invasin A, LAP), and other surface adhesion proteins (InlP1, InlP4) are responsible for epithelial cell binding, whereas internalin C (InlC) and actin assembly-inducing protein (ActA) are involved in cell-to-cell bacterial spread. L. monocytogenes is able to disseminate through the blood and invade diverse host organs. In persons with impaired immunity, the elderly, and pregnant women, the pathogen can also cross the blood-brain and placental barriers, which results in the invasion of the central nervous system and fetus infection, respectively. The aim of this comprehensive review is to summarize the current knowledge on the epidemiology of listeriosis and L. monocytogenes virulence mechanisms that are involved in host infection, with a special focus on their molecular and cellular aspects. We believe that all this information is crucial for a better understanding of the pathogenesis of L. monocytogenes infection.
Collapse
|
2
|
Kirchenwitz M, Stahnke S, Prettin S, Borowiak M, Menke L, Sieben C, Birchmeier C, Rottner K, Stradal TEB, Steffen A. SMER28 Attenuates PI3K/mTOR Signaling by Direct Inhibition of PI3K p110 Delta. Cells 2022; 11:cells11101648. [PMID: 35626685 PMCID: PMC9140127 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
SMER28 (Small molecule enhancer of Rapamycin 28) is an autophagy-inducing compound functioning by a hitherto unknown mechanism. Here, we confirm its autophagy-inducing effect by assessing classical autophagy-related parameters. Interestingly, we also discovered several additional effects of SMER28, including growth retardation and reduced G1 to S phase progression. Most strikingly, SMER28 treatment led to a complete arrest of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling, and, consequently, growth factor-induced cell scattering and dorsal ruffle formation. This coincided with a dramatic reduction in phosphorylation patterns of PI3K downstream effectors. Consistently, SMER28 directly inhibited PI3Kδ and to a lesser extent p110γ. The biological relevance of our observations was underscored by SMER28 interfering with InlB-mediated host cell entry of Listeria monocytogenes, which requires signaling through the prominent receptor tyrosine kinase c-Met. This effect was signaling-specific, since entry of unrelated, gram-negative Salmonella Typhimurium was not inhibited. Lastly, in B cell lymphoma cells, which predominantly depend on tonic signaling through PI3Kδ, apoptosis upon SMER28 treatment is profound in comparison to non-hematopoietic cells. This indicates SMER28 as a possible drug candidate for the treatment of diseases that derive from aberrant PI3Kδ activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Kirchenwitz
- Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (M.K.); (S.S.); (S.P.); (K.R.)
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stephanie Stahnke
- Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (M.K.); (S.S.); (S.P.); (K.R.)
| | - Silvia Prettin
- Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (M.K.); (S.S.); (S.P.); (K.R.)
| | - Malgorzata Borowiak
- Developmental Biology/Signal Transduction, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (M.B.); (C.B.)
| | - Laura Menke
- Nanoscale Infection Biology Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (L.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Christian Sieben
- Nanoscale Infection Biology Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (L.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Carmen Birchmeier
- Developmental Biology/Signal Transduction, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (M.B.); (C.B.)
| | - Klemens Rottner
- Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (M.K.); (S.S.); (S.P.); (K.R.)
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Theresia E. B. Stradal
- Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (M.K.); (S.S.); (S.P.); (K.R.)
- Correspondence: (T.E.B.S.); (A.S.); Tel.: +49-531-6181-2900 (T.E.B.S.); +49-531-6181-2902 (A.S.)
| | - Anika Steffen
- Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (M.K.); (S.S.); (S.P.); (K.R.)
- Correspondence: (T.E.B.S.); (A.S.); Tel.: +49-531-6181-2900 (T.E.B.S.); +49-531-6181-2902 (A.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
The c-MET receptor tyrosine kinase contributes to neutrophil-driven pathology in cutaneous leishmaniasis. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010247. [PMID: 35041723 PMCID: PMC8797216 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the first line of defence against invading pathogens. Although neutrophils are well-known professional killers, some pathogens including Leishmania (L.) parasites survive in neutrophils, using these cells to establish infection. Manipulation of neutrophil recruitment to the infection site is therefore of interest in this cutaneous disease. The c-MET tyrosine kinase receptor was shown to promote neutrophil migration to inflamed sites. Here, we investigated the importance of c-MET expression on neutrophils in their recruitment to the infection site and the role of c-Met expression in the pathology of leishmaniasis. Following infection with L. mexicana, mice with conditional deletion of c-MET in neutrophils controlled significantly better their lesion development and parasite burden compared to similarly infected wild type mice. Our data reveal a specific role for c-MET activation in Leishmania-induced neutrophil infiltration, a process correlating with their negative role in the pathology of the diseases. We further show that c-MET phosphorylation is observed in established cutaneous lesions. Exposure to L. mexicana upregulated c-Met expression predominantly in infected neutrophils and c-Met expression influenced ROS release by neutrophils. In addition, pharmacological inhibition of c-MET, administrated once the lesion is established, induced a significant decrease in lesion size associated with diminished infiltration of neutrophils. Both genetic ablation of c-MET in neutrophils and systemic inhibition of c-MET locally resulted in higher levels of CD4+T cells producing IFNγ, suggesting a crosstalk between neutrophils and these cells. Collectively, our data show that c-MET activation in neutrophils contributes to their recruitment following infection, and that L. mexicana induction of c-MET on neutrophils impacts the local pathology associated with this disease. Our results suggest a potential use for this inhibitor in the control of the cutaneous lesion during this parasitic infection.
Collapse
|
4
|
Ireton K, Mortuza R, Gyanwali GC, Gianfelice A, Hussain M. Role of internalin proteins in the pathogenesis of Listeria monocytogenes. Mol Microbiol 2021; 116:1407-1419. [PMID: 34704304 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne bacterium that causes gastroenteritis, meningitis, or abortion. L. monocytogenes induces its internalization (entry) into human cells and either spreads laterally in tissues or transcytoses to traverse anatomical barriers. In this review, we discuss mechanisms by which five structurally related proteins of the "internalin" family of L. monocytogenes (InlA, InlB, InlC, InlF, and InlP) interact with distinct host receptors to promote infection of human cells and/or crossing of the intestinal, blood-brain, or placental barriers. We focus on recent results demonstrating that the internalin proteins InlA, InlB, and InlC exploit exocytic pathways to stimulate transcytosis, entry, or cell-to-cell spread, respectively. We also discuss evidence that InlA-mediated transcytosis contributes to traversal of the intestinal barrier, whereas InlF promotes entry into endothelial cells to breach the blood-brain barrier. InlB also facilitates the crossing of the blood-brain barrier, but does so by extending the longevity of infected monocytes that may subsequently act as a "Trojan horse" to transfer bacteria to the brain. InlA, InlB, and InlP each contribute to fetoplacental infection by targeting syncytiotrophoblast or cytotrophoblast layers of the placenta. This work highlights the diverse functions of internalins and the complex mechanisms by which these structurally related proteins contribute to disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keith Ireton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Roman Mortuza
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Antonella Gianfelice
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Mazhar Hussain
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kleefeldt JM, Pozarska A, Nardiello C, Pfeffer T, Vadász I, Herold S, Seeger W, Morty RE. Commercially available transfection reagents and negative control siRNA are not inert. Anal Biochem 2020; 606:113828. [PMID: 32745542 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2020.113828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The transfection of synthetic small interfering (si)RNA into cultured cells forms the basis of studies that use RNA interference (commonly referred to as "gene knockdown") to study the impact of loss of gene or protein expression on a biological pathway or process. In these studies, mock transfections (with transfection reagents alone), and the use of synthetic negative control (apparently inert) siRNA are both essential negative controls. This report reveals that three widely-used transfection reagents (X-tremeGENE™, HiPerFect, and Lipofectamine® 2000) and five commercially-available control siRNA (from Ambion, Sigma, Santa Cruz, Cell Signaling Technology, and Qiagen) are not inert in cell-culture studies. Both transfection reagents and control siRNA perturbed steady-state mRNA and protein levels in primary mouse lung fibroblasts and in NIH/3T3 cells (a widely-used mouse embryonic fibroblast cell-line), using components of the canonical transforming growth factor-β signaling machinery as a model system. Furthermore, transfection reagents and control siRNA reduced the viability and proliferation of both lung fibroblasts and NIH/3T3 cells. These data collectively provide a cautionary note to investigators to carefully consider the impact of control interventions, such as mock transfections and control siRNA, in RNA interference studies with synthetic siRNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan M Kleefeldt
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Parkstrasse 1, 60231, Bad Nauheim, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University, Aulweg 123, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Pozarska
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Parkstrasse 1, 60231, Bad Nauheim, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University, Aulweg 123, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Claudio Nardiello
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Parkstrasse 1, 60231, Bad Nauheim, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University, Aulweg 123, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Tilman Pfeffer
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Parkstrasse 1, 60231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - István Vadász
- Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University, Aulweg 123, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Susanne Herold
- Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University, Aulweg 123, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Werner Seeger
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Parkstrasse 1, 60231, Bad Nauheim, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University, Aulweg 123, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rory E Morty
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Parkstrasse 1, 60231, Bad Nauheim, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University, Aulweg 123, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Potential Roles and Functions of Listerial Virulence Factors during Brain Entry. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12050297. [PMID: 32380697 PMCID: PMC7291126 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12050297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it rarely induces disease in humans, Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is important due to the frequency of serious pathological conditions—such as sepsis and meningitis—it causes in those few people that do get infected. Virulence factors (VF) of Lm—especially those involved in the passage through multiple cellular barriers of the body, including internalin (Inl) family members and listeriolysin O (LLO)—have been investigated both in vitro and in vivo, but the majority of work was focused on the mechanisms utilized during penetration of the gut and fetoplacental barriers. The role of listerial VF during entry into other organs remain as only partially solved puzzles. Here, we review the current knowledge on the entry of Lm into one of its more significant destinations, the brain, with a specific focus on the role of various VF in cellular adhesion and invasion.
Collapse
|
7
|
The Host GTPase Arf1 and Its Effectors AP1 and PICK1 Stimulate Actin Polymerization and Exocytosis To Promote Entry of Listeria monocytogenes. Infect Immun 2020; 88:IAI.00578-19. [PMID: 31740529 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00578-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne bacterium that causes gastroenteritis, meningitis, or abortion. Listeria induces its internalization (entry) into some human cells through interaction of the bacterial surface protein InlB with its host receptor, the Met tyrosine kinase. InlB and Met promote entry through stimulation of localized actin polymerization and exocytosis. How actin cytoskeletal changes and exocytosis are controlled during entry is not well understood. Here, we demonstrate important roles for the host GTPase Arf1 and its effectors AP1 and PICK1 in actin polymerization and exocytosis during InlB-dependent uptake. Depletion of Arf1 by RNA interference (RNAi) or inhibition of Arf1 activity using a dominant-negative allele impaired InlB-dependent internalization, indicating an important role for Arf1 in this process. InlB stimulated an increase in the GTP-bound form of Arf1, demonstrating that this bacterial protein activates Arf1. RNAi and immunolocalization studies indicated that Arf1 controls exocytosis and actin polymerization during entry by recruiting the effectors AP1 and PICK1 to the plasma membrane. In turn, AP1 and PICK1 promoted plasma membrane translocation of both Filamin A (FlnA) and Exo70, two host proteins previously found to mediate exocytosis during InlB-dependent internalization (M. Bhalla, H. Van Ngo, G. C. Gyanwali, and K. Ireton, Infect Immun 87:e00689-18, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.00689-18). PICK1 mediated recruitment of Exo70 but not FlnA. Collectively, these results indicate that Arf1, AP1, and PICK1 stimulate exocytosis by redistributing FlnA and Exo70 to the plasma membrane. We propose that Arf1, AP1, and PICK1 are key coordinators of actin polymerization and exocytosis during infection of host cells by Listeria.
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
The Gram-positive pathogen Listeria monocytogenes is able to promote its entry into a diverse range of mammalian host cells by triggering plasma membrane remodeling, leading to bacterial engulfment. Upon cell invasion, L. monocytogenes disrupts its internalization vacuole and translocates to the cytoplasm, where bacterial replication takes place. Subsequently, L. monocytogenes uses an actin-based motility system that allows bacterial cytoplasmic movement and cell-to-cell spread. L. monocytogenes therefore subverts host cell receptors, organelles and the cytoskeleton at different infection steps, manipulating diverse cellular functions that include ion transport, membrane trafficking, post-translational modifications, phosphoinositide production, innate immune responses as well as gene expression and DNA stability.
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
The entry of pathogens into nonphagocytic host cells has received much attention in the past three decades, revealing a vast array of strategies employed by bacteria and viruses. A method of internalization that has been extensively studied in the context of viral infections is the use of the clathrin-mediated pathway. More recently, a role for clathrin in the entry of some intracellular bacterial pathogens was discovered. Classically, clathrin-mediated endocytosis was thought to accommodate internalization only of particles smaller than 150 nm; however, this was challenged upon the discovery that Listeria monocytogenes requires clathrin to enter eukaryotic cells. Now, with discoveries that clathrin is required during other stages of some bacterial infections, another paradigm shift is occurring. There is a more diverse impact of clathrin during infection than previously thought. Much of the recent data describing clathrin utilization in processes such as bacterial attachment, cell-to-cell spread and intracellular growth may be due to newly discovered divergent roles of clathrin in the cell. Not only does clathrin act to facilitate endocytosis from the plasma membrane, but it also participates in budding from endosomes and the Golgi apparatus and in mitosis. Here, the manipulation of clathrin processes by bacterial pathogens, including its traditional role during invasion and alternative ways in which clathrin supports bacterial infection, is discussed. Researching clathrin in the context of bacterial infections will reveal new insights that inform our understanding of host-pathogen interactions and allow researchers to fully appreciate the diverse roles of clathrin in the eukaryotic cell.
Collapse
|
10
|
The Host Scaffolding Protein Filamin A and the Exocyst Complex Control Exocytosis during InlB-Mediated Entry of Listeria monocytogenes. Infect Immun 2018; 87:IAI.00689-18. [PMID: 30348826 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00689-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne bacterium that causes gastroenteritis, meningitis, or abortion. Listeria induces its internalization (entry) into some human cells through interaction of the bacterial surface protein InlB with its host receptor, the Met tyrosine kinase. InlB and Met promote entry, in part, through stimulation of localized exocytosis. How exocytosis is upregulated during entry is not understood. Here, we show that the human signaling proteins mTOR, protein kinase C-α (PKC-α), and RalA promote exocytosis during entry by controlling the scaffolding protein Filamin A (FlnA). InlB-mediated uptake was accompanied by PKC-α-dependent phosphorylation of serine 2152 in FlnA. Depletion of FlnA by RNA interference (RNAi) or expression of a mutated FlnA protein defective in phosphorylation impaired InlB-dependent internalization. These findings indicate that phosphorylation of FlnA by PKC-α contributes to entry. mTOR and RalA were found to mediate the recruitment of FlnA to sites of InlB-mediated entry. Depletion of PKC-α, mTOR, or FlnA each reduced exocytosis during InlB-mediated uptake. Because the exocyst complex is known to mediate polarized exocytosis, we examined if PKC-α, mTOR, RalA, or FlnA affects this complex. Depletion of PKC-α, mTOR, RalA, or FlnA impaired recruitment of the exocyst component Exo70 to sites of InlB-mediated entry. Experiments involving knockdown of Exo70 or other exocyst proteins demonstrated an important role for the exocyst complex in uptake of Listeria Collectively, our results indicate that PKC-α, mTOR, RalA, and FlnA comprise a signaling pathway that mobilizes the exocyst complex to promote infection by Listeria.
Collapse
|
11
|
Relative Roles of Listeriolysin O, InlA, and InlB in Listeria monocytogenes Uptake by Host Cells. Infect Immun 2018; 86:IAI.00555-18. [PMID: 30061379 PMCID: PMC6204736 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00555-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a facultative intracellular pathogen that infects a wide variety of cells, causing the life-threatening disease listeriosis. L. monocytogenes virulence factors include two surface invasins, InlA and InlB, known to promote bacterial uptake by host cells, and the secreted pore-forming toxin listeriolysin O (LLO), which disrupts the phagosome to allow bacterial proliferation in the cytosol. Listeria monocytogenes is a facultative intracellular pathogen that infects a wide variety of cells, causing the life-threatening disease listeriosis. L. monocytogenes virulence factors include two surface invasins, InlA and InlB, known to promote bacterial uptake by host cells, and the secreted pore-forming toxin listeriolysin O (LLO), which disrupts the phagosome to allow bacterial proliferation in the cytosol. In addition, plasma membrane perforation by LLO has been shown to facilitate L. monocytogenes internalization into epithelial cells. In this work, we tested the host cell range and importance of LLO-mediated L. monocytogenes internalization relative to the canonical invasins, InlA and InlB. We measured the efficiencies of L. monocytogenes association with and internalization into several human cell types (hepatocytes, cytotrophoblasts, and endothelial cells) using wild-type bacteria and isogenic single, double, and triple deletion mutants for the genes encoding InlA, InlB and LLO. No role for InlB was detected in any tested cells unless the InlB expression level was substantially enhanced, which was achieved by introducing a mutation (prfA*) in the gene encoding the transcription factor PrfA. In contrast, InlA and LLO were the most critical invasion factors, although they act in a different manner and in a cell-type-dependent fashion. As expected, InlA facilitates both bacterial attachment and internalization in cells that express its receptor, E-cadherin. LLO promotes L. monocytogenes internalization into hepatocytes, but not into cytotrophoblasts and endothelial cells. Finally, LLO and InlA cooperate to increase the efficiency of host cell invasion by L. monocytogenes.
Collapse
|
12
|
Girolimetti G, Guerra F, Iommarini L, Kurelac I, Vergara D, Maffia M, Vidone M, Amato LB, Leone G, Dusi S, Tiranti V, Perrone AM, Bucci C, Porcelli AM, Gasparre G. Platinum-induced mitochondrial DNA mutations confer lower sensitivity to paclitaxel by impairing tubulin cytoskeletal organization. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 26:2961-2974. [PMID: 28486623 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of chemoresistance is a cogent clinical issue in oncology, whereby combination of anticancer drugs is usually preferred also to enhance efficacy. Paclitaxel (PTX), combined with carboplatin, represents the standard first-line chemotherapy for different types of cancers. We here depict a double-edge role of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations induced in cancer cells after treatment with platinum. MtDNA mutations were positively selected by PTX, and they determined a decrease in the mitochondrial respiratory function, as well as in proliferative and tumorigenic potential, in terms of migratory and invasive capacity. Moreover, cells bearing mtDNA mutations lacked filamentous tubulin, the main target of PTX, and failed to reorient the Golgi body upon appropriate stimuli. We also show that the bioenergetic and cytoskeletal phenotype were transferred along with mtDNA mutations in transmitochondrial hybrids, and that this also conferred PTX resistance to recipient cells. Overall, our data show that platinum-induced deleterious mtDNA mutations confer resistance to PTX, and confirm what we previously reported in an ovarian cancer patient treated with carboplatin and PTX who developed a quiescent yet resistant tumor mass harboring mtDNA mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Girolimetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Unit of Medical Genetics, University Hospital S.Orsola-Malpighi, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Flora Guerra
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Luisa Iommarini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Ivana Kurelac
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Unit of Medical Genetics, University Hospital S.Orsola-Malpighi, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniele Vergara
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Michele Maffia
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Michele Vidone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Unit of Medical Genetics, University Hospital S.Orsola-Malpighi, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Benedetta Amato
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Unit of Medical Genetics, University Hospital S.Orsola-Malpighi, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Leone
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sabrina Dusi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Unit of Medical Genetics, University Hospital S.Orsola-Malpighi, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Valeria Tiranti
- Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, Pierfranco and Luisa Mariani Centre for the Study of Mitochondrial Disorders in Children, Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute Carlo Besta, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Myriam Perrone
- Unit of Gynecologic Oncology, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Cecilia Bucci
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Porcelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.,Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research, Health Sciences and Technologies (CIRI-HST), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gasparre
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Unit of Medical Genetics, University Hospital S.Orsola-Malpighi, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chalenko YM, Sysolyatina EV, Kalinin EV, Sobyanin KA, Ermolaeva SA. Natural variants of Listeria monocytogenes internalin B with different ability to stimulate cell proliferation and cytoskeleton rearrangement in HEp-2 cells. MOLECULAR GENETICS MICROBIOLOGY AND VIROLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.3103/s0891416817020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
14
|
Van Ngo H, Bhalla M, Chen DY, Ireton K. A role for host cell exocytosis in InlB-mediated internalisation ofListeria monocytogenes. Cell Microbiol 2017; 19. [DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hoan Van Ngo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
| | - Manmeet Bhalla
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
| | - Da-Yuan Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
| | - Keith Ireton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Host Serine/Threonine Kinases mTOR and Protein Kinase C-α Promote InlB-Mediated Entry of Listeria monocytogenes. Infect Immun 2017; 85:IAI.00087-17. [PMID: 28461391 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00087-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes causes foodborne illnesses resulting in gastroenteritis, meningitis, or abortion. Listeria induces its internalization into some human cells through interaction of the bacterial surface protein InlB with the host receptor tyrosine kinase Met. InlB-dependent entry requires localized polymerization of the host actin cytoskeleton. The signal transduction pathways that act downstream of Met to regulate actin filament assembly or other processes during Listeria uptake remain incompletely characterized. Here, we demonstrate important roles for the human serine/threonine kinases mTOR and protein kinase C-α (PKC-α) in InlB-dependent entry. Experiments involving RNA interference (RNAi) indicated that two multiprotein complexes containing mTOR, mTORC1 and mTORC2, are each needed for efficient internalization of Listeria into cells of the human cell line HeLa. InlB stimulated Met-dependent phosphorylation of mTORC1 or mTORC2 substrates, demonstrating activation of both mTOR-containing complexes. RNAi studies indicated that the mTORC1 effectors 4E-BP1 and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and the mTORC2 substrate PKC-α each control Listeria uptake. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of PKC-α reduced the internalization of Listeria and the accumulation of actin filaments that normally accompanies InlB-mediated entry. Collectively, our results identify mTOR and PKC-α to be host factors exploited by Listeria to promote infection. PKC-α controls Listeria entry, at least in part, by regulating the actin cytoskeleton downstream of the Met receptor.
Collapse
|
16
|
Micheva-Viteva SN, Shou Y, Ganguly K, Wu TH, Hong-Geller E. PKC-η-MARCKS Signaling Promotes Intracellular Survival of Unopsonized Burkholderia thailandensis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017. [PMID: 28638804 PMCID: PMC5461351 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic Burkholderia rely on host factors for efficient intracellular replication and are highly refractory to antibiotic treatment. To identify host genes that are required by Burkholderia spp. during infection, we performed a RNA interference (RNAi) screen of the human kinome and identified 35 host kinases that facilitated Burkholderia thailandensis intracellular survival in human monocytic THP-1 cells. We validated a selection of host kinases using imaging flow cytometry to assess efficiency of B. thailandensis survival in the host upon siRNA-mediated knockdown. We focused on the role of the novel protein kinase C isoform, PKC-η, in Burkholderia infection and characterized PKC-η/MARCKS signaling as a key event that promotes the survival of unopsonized B. thailandensis CDC2721121 within host cells. While infection of lung epithelial cells with unopsonized Gram-negative bacteria stimulated phosphorylation of Ser175/160 in the MARCKS effector domain, siRNA-mediated knockdown of PKC-η expression reduced the levels of phosphorylated MARCKS by >3-fold in response to infection with Bt CDC2721121. We compared the effect of the conventional PKC-α and novel PKC-η isoforms on the growth of B. thailandensis CDC2721121 within monocytic THP-1 cells and found that ≥75% knock-down of PRKCH transcript levels reduced intracellular bacterial load 100% more efficiently when compared to growth in cells siRNA-depleted of the classical PKC-α, suggesting that the PKC-η isoform can specifically mediate Burkholderia intracellular survival. Based on imaging studies of intracellular B. thailandensis, we found that PKC-η function stimulates phagocytic pathways that promote B. thailandensis escape into the cytoplasm leading to activation of autophagosome flux. Identification of host kinases that are targeted by Burkholderia during infection provides valuable molecular insights in understanding Burkholderia pathogenesis, and ultimately, in designing effective host-targeted therapies against infectious disease caused by intracellular pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yulin Shou
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos Alamos, NM, United States
| | - Kumkum Ganguly
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos Alamos, NM, United States
| | - Terry H Wu
- Center for Infectious Disease and Immunity and Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences CenterAlbuquerque, NM, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Maruthi M, Singh D, Reddy SR, Mastan BS, Mishra S, Kumar KA. Modulation of host cell SUMOylation facilitates efficient development of Plasmodium berghei and Toxoplasma gondii. Cell Microbiol 2017; 19. [PMID: 28078755 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SUMOylation is a reversible post translational modification of proteins that regulates protein stabilization, nucleocytoplasmic transport, and protein-protein interactions. Several viruses and bacteria modulate host SUMOylation machinery for efficient infection. Plasmodium sporozoites are infective forms of malaria parasite that invade mammalian hepatocytes and transforms into exoerythrocytic forms (EEFs). Here, we show that during EEF development, the distribution of SUMOylated proteins in host cell nuclei was significantly reduced and expression of the SUMOylation enzymes was downregulated. Plasmodium EEFs destabilized the host cytoplasmic protein SMAD4 by inhibiting its SUMOylation. SUMO1 overexpression was detrimental to EEF growth, and insufficiency of the only conjugating enzyme Ubc9/E2 promoted EEF growth. The expression of genes involved in suppression of host cell defense pathways during infection was reversed during SUMO1 overexpression, as revealed by transcriptomic analysis. The inhibition of host cell SUMOylation was also observed during Toxoplasma infection. We provide a hitherto unknown mechanism of regulating host gene expression by Apicomplexan parasites through altering host SUMOylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mulaka Maruthi
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Dipti Singh
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Babu S Mastan
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Satish Mishra
- Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Kota Arun Kumar
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Imamura R, Matsumoto K. Hepatocyte growth factor in physiology and infectious diseases. Cytokine 2017; 98:97-106. [PMID: 28094206 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a pleiotropic cytokine composed of an α-chain and a β-chain, and these chains contain four kringle domains and a serine protease-like structure, respectively. The receptor for HGF was identified as the c-met proto-oncogene product of transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase. HGF-induced signaling through the receptor Met provokes dynamic biological responses that support morphogenesis, regeneration, and the survival of various cells and tissues, which includes hepatocytes, renal tubular cells, and neurons. Characterization of tissue-specific Met knockout mice has further indicated that the HGF-Met system modulates immune cell functions and also plays an inhibitory role in the progression of chronic inflammation and fibrosis. However, the biological actions that are driven by the HGF-Met pathway all play a role in the acquisition of the malignant characteristics in tumor cells, such as invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance in the tumor microenvironment. Even though oncogenic Met signaling remains the major research focus, the HGF-Met axis has also been implicated in infectious diseases. Many pathogens try to utilize host HGF-Met system to establish comfortable environment for infection. Their strategies are not only simply change the expression level of HGF or Met, but also actively hijack HGF-Met system and deregulating Met signaling using their pathogenic factors. Consequently, the monitoring of HGF and Met expression, along with real-time detection of Met activation, can be a beneficial biomarker of these infectious diseases. Preclinical studies designed to address the therapeutic significance of HGF have been performed on injury/disease models, including acute tissue injury, chronic fibrosis, and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Likewise, manipulating the HGF-Met system with complete control will lead to a tailor made treatment for those infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryu Imamura
- Division of Tumor Dynamics and Regulation, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kunio Matsumoto
- Division of Tumor Dynamics and Regulation, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Role of Host Type IA Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Pathway Components in Invasin-Mediated Internalization of Yersinia enterocolitica. Infect Immun 2016; 84:1826-1841. [PMID: 27068087 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00142-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many bacterial pathogens subvert mammalian type IA phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) in order to induce their internalization into host cells. How PI3K promotes internalization is not well understood. Also unclear is whether type IA PI3K affects different pathogens through similar or distinct mechanisms. Here, we performed an RNA interference (RNAi)-based screen to identify components of the type IA PI3K pathway involved in invasin-mediated entry of Yersinia enterocolitica, an enteropathogen that causes enteritis and lymphadenitis. The 69 genes targeted encode known upstream regulators or downstream effectors of PI3K. A similar RNAi screen was previously performed with the food-borne bacterium Listeria monocytogenes The results of the screen with Y. enterocolitica indicate that at least nine members of the PI3K pathway are needed for invasin-mediated entry. Several of these proteins, including centaurin-α1, Dock180, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), Grp1, LL5α, LL5β, and PLD2 (phospholipase D2), were recruited to sites of entry. In addition, centaurin-α1, FAK, PLD2, and mTOR were required for remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton during entry. Six of the human proteins affecting invasin-dependent internalization also promote InlB-mediated entry of L. monocytogenes Our results identify several host proteins that mediate invasin-induced effects on the actin cytoskeleton and indicate that a subset of PI3K pathway components promote internalization of both Y. enterocolitica and L. monocytogenes.
Collapse
|
20
|
Porturas TP, Sun H, Buchlis G, Lou Y, Liang X, Cathopoulis T, Fayngerts S, Johnson DS, Wang Z, Chen YH. Crucial roles of TNFAIP8 protein in regulating apoptosis and Listeria infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:5743-50. [PMID: 25948813 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
TNF-α-induced protein 8 (TNFAIP8 or TIPE) is a newly described regulator of cancer and infection. However, its precise roles and mechanisms of actions are not well understood. We report in this article that TNFAIP8 regulates Listeria monocytogenes infection by controlling pathogen invasion and host cell apoptosis in a RAC1 GTPase-dependent manner. TNFAIP8-knockout mice were resistant to lethal L. monocytogenes infection and had reduced bacterial load in the liver and spleen. TNFAIP8 knockdown in murine liver HEPA1-6 cells increased apoptosis, reduced bacterial invasion into cells, and resulted in dysregulated RAC1 activation. TNFAIP8 could translocate to plasma membrane and preferentially associate with activated RAC1-GTP. The combined effect of reduced bacterial invasion and increased sensitivity to TNF-α-induced clearance likely protected the TNFAIP8-knockout mice from lethal listeriosis. Thus, by controlling bacterial invasion and the death of infected cells through RAC1, TNFAIP8 regulates the pathogenesis of L. monocytogenes infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Porturas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and
| | - Honghong Sun
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and
| | - George Buchlis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and
| | - Yunwei Lou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and Department of Immunology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Ji'nan 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Liang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and Department of Immunology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Ji'nan 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Terry Cathopoulis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and
| | - Svetlana Fayngerts
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and
| | - Derek S Johnson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and
| | - Zhaojun Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and
| | - Youhai H Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gessain G, Tsai YH, Travier L, Bonazzi M, Grayo S, Cossart P, Charlier C, Disson O, Lecuit M. PI3-kinase activation is critical for host barrier permissiveness to Listeria monocytogenes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 212:165-83. [PMID: 25624443 PMCID: PMC4322052 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20141406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Invasion of nonphagocytic cells, a critical property of Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) that enables it to cross host barriers, is mediated by the interaction of two bacterial surface proteins, InlA and InlB, with their respective receptors E-cadherin and c-Met. Although InlA-E-cadherin interaction is necessary and sufficient for Lm crossing of the intestinal barrier, both InlA and InlB are required for Lm crossing of the placental barrier. The mechanisms underlying these differences are unknown. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K) is involved in both InlA- and InlB-dependent pathways. Indeed, InlA-dependent entry requires PI3-K activity but does not activate it, whereas InlB-c-Met interaction activates PI3-K. We show that Lm intestinal target cells exhibit a constitutive PI3-K activity, rendering InlB dispensable for InlA-dependent Lm intestinal barrier crossing. In contrast, the placental barrier does not exhibit constitutive PI3-K activity, making InlB necessary for InlA-dependent Lm placental invasion. Here, we provide the molecular explanation for the respective contributions of InlA and InlB to Lm host barrier invasion, and reveal the critical role of InlB in rendering cells permissive to InlA-mediated invasion. This study shows that PI3-K activity is critical to host barrier permissiveness to microbes, and that pathogens exploit both similarities and differences of host barriers to disseminate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire Gessain
- Institut Pasteur, Biology of Infection Unit, F-75015 Paris, France Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1117, F-75015 Paris, France Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Cellule Pasteur, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Yu-Huan Tsai
- Institut Pasteur, Biology of Infection Unit, F-75015 Paris, France Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1117, F-75015 Paris, France Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Cellule Pasteur, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Travier
- Institut Pasteur, Biology of Infection Unit, F-75015 Paris, France Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1117, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Matteo Bonazzi
- Institut Pasteur, Bacteria Cell Interaction Unit, F-75015 Paris, France Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U604, F-75015 Paris, France Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique USC2020, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Solène Grayo
- Institut Pasteur, Biology of Infection Unit, F-75015 Paris, France Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1117, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Pascale Cossart
- Institut Pasteur, Bacteria Cell Interaction Unit, F-75015 Paris, France Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U604, F-75015 Paris, France Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique USC2020, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Caroline Charlier
- Institut Pasteur, Biology of Infection Unit, F-75015 Paris, France Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1117, F-75015 Paris, France Institut Pasteur, French National Reference Center and World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Listeria, F-75015 Paris, France Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Institut Imagine, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Disson
- Institut Pasteur, Biology of Infection Unit, F-75015 Paris, France Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1117, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Marc Lecuit
- Institut Pasteur, Biology of Infection Unit, F-75015 Paris, France Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1117, F-75015 Paris, France Institut Pasteur, French National Reference Center and World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Listeria, F-75015 Paris, France Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Institut Imagine, F-75015 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mottola G. The complexity of Rab5 to Rab7 transition guarantees specificity of pathogen subversion mechanisms. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2014; 4:180. [PMID: 25566515 PMCID: PMC4273659 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2014.00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Mottola
- UMR MD2, Faculté de Médecine NORD, Aix Marseille University and Institute of Research in Biology of the French Army Marseille, France ; Laboratory of Biochemistry, La Timone University Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Pizarro-Cerdá J, Kühbacher A, Cossart P. Phosphoinositides and host-pathogen interactions. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1851:911-8. [PMID: 25241942 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositides control key cellular processes including vesicular trafficking and actin polymerization. Intracellular bacterial pathogens manipulate phosphoinositide metabolism in order to promote their uptake by target cells and to direct in some cases the biogenesis of their replication compartments. In this chapter, we review the molecular strategies that major pathogens including Listeria, Mycobacterium, Shigella, Salmonella, Legionella and Yersinia use to hijack phosphoinositides during infection. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Phosphoinositides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Pizarro-Cerdá
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, F-75015 Paris, France; INSERM, U604, F-75015 Paris, France; INRA, USC2020, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Andreas Kühbacher
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Stuttgart G-70569, Germany
| | - Pascale Cossart
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, F-75015 Paris, France; INSERM, U604, F-75015 Paris, France; INRA, USC2020, F-75015 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Balaji K, French CT, Miller JF, Colicelli J. The RAB5-GEF function of RIN1 regulates multiple steps during Listeria monocytogenes infection. Traffic 2014; 15:1206-18. [PMID: 25082076 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne pathogenic bacterium that invades intestinal epithelial cells through a phagocytic pathway that relies on the activation of host cell RAB5 GTPases. Listeria monocytogenes must subsequently inhibit RAB5, however, in order to escape lysosome-mediated destruction. Relatively little is known about upstream RAB5 regulators during L. monocytogenes entry and phagosome escape processes in epithelial cells. Here we identify RIN1, a RAS effector and RAB5-directed guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), as a host cell factor in L. monocytogenes infection. RIN1 is rapidly engaged following L. monocytogenes infection and is required for efficient invasion of intestinal epithelial cells. RIN1-mediated RAB5 activation later facilitates the fusion of phagosomes with lysosomes, promoting clearance of bacteria from the host cell. These results suggest that RIN1 is a host cell regulator that performs counterbalancing functions during early and late stages of L. monocytogenes infection, ultimately favoring pathogen clearance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha Balaji
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ireton K, Rigano LA, Dowd GC. Role of host GTPases in infection by Listeria monocytogenes. Cell Microbiol 2014; 16:1311-20. [PMID: 24948362 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes induces internalization into mammalian cells and uses actin-based motility to spread within tissues. Listeria accomplishes this intracellular life cycle by exploiting or antagonizing several host GTPases. Internalization into human cells is mediated by the bacterial surface proteins InlA or InlB. These two modes of uptake each require a host actin polymerization pathway comprised of the GTPase Rac1, nucleation promotion factors, and the Arp2/3 complex. In addition to Rac1, InlB-mediated internalization involves inhibition of the GTPase Arf6 and participation of Dynamin and septin family GTPases. After uptake, Listeria is encased in host phagosomes. The bacterial protein GAPDH inactivates the human GTPase Rab5, thereby delaying phagosomal acquisition of antimicrobial properties. After bacterial-induced destruction of the phagosome, cytosolic Listeria uses the surface protein ActA to stimulate actin-based motility. The GTPase Dynamin 2 reduces the density of microtubules that would otherwise limit bacterial movement. Cell-to-cell spread results when motile Listeria remodel the host plasma membrane into protrusions that are engulfed by neighbouring cells. The human GTPase Cdc42, its activator Tuba, and its effector N-WASP form a complex with the potential to restrict Listeria protrusions. Bacteria overcome this restriction through two microbial factors that inhibit Cdc42-GTP or Tuba/N-WASP interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keith Ireton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Micheva-Viteva SN, Shou Y, Nowak-Lovato KL, Rector KD, Hong-Geller E. c-KIT signaling is targeted by pathogenic Yersinia to suppress the host immune response. BMC Microbiol 2013; 13:249. [PMID: 24206648 PMCID: PMC3827001 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-13-249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The pathogenic Yersinia species exhibit a primarily extracellular lifestyle through manipulation of host signaling pathways that regulate pro-inflammatory gene expression and cytokine release. To identify host genes that are targeted by Yersinia during the infection process, we performed an RNA interference (RNAi) screen based on recovery of host NF-κB-mediated gene activation in response to TNF-α stimulation upon Y. enterocolitica infection. Results We screened shRNAs against 782 genes in the human kinome and 26 heat shock genes, and identified 19 genes that exhibited ≥40% relative increase in NF-κB reporter gene activity. The identified genes function in multiple cellular processes including MAP and ERK signaling pathways, ion channel activity, and regulation of cell growth. Pre-treatment with small molecule inhibitors specific for the screen hits c-KIT and CKII recovered NF-κB gene activation and/or pro-inflammatory TNF-α cytokine release in multiple cell types, in response to either Y. enterocolitica or Y. pestis infection. Conclusions We demonstrate that pathogenic Yersinia exploits c-KIT signaling in a T3SS-dependent manner to downregulate expression of transcription factors EGR1 and RelA/p65, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. This study is the first major functional genomics RNAi screen to elucidate virulence mechanisms of a pathogen that is primarily dependent on extracellular-directed immunomodulation of host signaling pathways for suppression of host immunity.
Collapse
|
27
|
Balaji K, Colicelli J. RIN1 regulates cell migration through RAB5 GTPases and ABL tyrosine kinases. Commun Integr Biol 2013; 6:e25421. [PMID: 24265854 PMCID: PMC3829955 DOI: 10.4161/cib.25421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulation of a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), such as EGFR, leads to RAS activation followed by RIN1 activation. RIN1, in turn, activates RAB5 family GTPases, as well as ABL tyrosine kinases. As expected, RIN1 expression directly correlates with RAB5-mediated EGFR endocytosis. We previously showed that normal receptor endocytosis and internalized EGFR fate also depend on the ability of RIN1 to concomitantly activate ABL tyrosine kinases, consistent with the established role of ABL kinases in cytoskeleton remodeling and the growing evidence that such remodeling plays a role in endocytic processes. Here we report that growth factor-directed cell migration, a physiological process that involves receptor endocytosis and actin remodeling, also requires the ability of RIN1 to coordinate RAB5 GTPase and ABL tyrosine kinase pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha Balaji
- Molecular Biology Institute; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Biological Chemistry; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; Los Angeles, CA USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Pizarro-Cerdá J, Kühbacher A, Cossart P. Entry of Listeria monocytogenes in mammalian epithelial cells: an updated view. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2012; 2:2/11/a010009. [PMID: 23125201 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a bacterial pathogen that promotes its internalization into host epithelial cells. Interaction between the bacterial surface molecules InlA and InlB and their cellular receptors E-cadherin and Met, respectively, triggers the recruitment of endocytic effectors, the subversion of the phosphoinositide metabolism, and the remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton that lead to bacterial engulfment. Additional bacterial surface and secreted virulence factors also contribute to entry, albeit to a lesser extent. Here we review the increasing number of signaling effectors that are reported as being subverted by L. monocytogenes during invasion of cultured cell lines. We also update the current knowledge of the early steps of in vivo cellular infection, which, as shown recently, challenges previous concepts generated from in vitro data.
Collapse
|