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Gavitt TD, Mara AB, Goodridge ML, Ozyck RG, Reinhardt E, Miller JM, Hunte M, Tulman ER, Frasca Jr S, Silbart LK, Geary SJ, Szczepanek SM. B cells oppose Mycoplasma pneumoniae vaccine enhanced disease and limit bacterial colonization of the lungs. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:130. [PMID: 36310317 PMCID: PMC9618410 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00556-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of an effective vaccine for Mycoplasma pneumoniae has been hindered by reports of Vaccine Enhanced Disease (VED) in test subjects vaccinated and challenged in studies conducted in the 1960s. The exact mechanism of disease exacerbation has yet to be fully described, but host immune responses to Lipid-Associated Membrane Proteins (LAMPs) lipoprotein lipid moieties have been implicated. LAMPs-induced exacerbation appears to involve helper T cell recall responses, due in part to their influence on neutrophil recruitment and subsequent inflammatory responses in the lung. Herein, we characterized the functions of host B cell responses to M. pneumoniae LAMPs and delipidated-LAMPs (dLAMPs) by conducting passive transfer and B cell depletion studies to assess their contribution to disease exacerbation or protection using a BALB/c mouse model. We found that antibody responses to M. pneumoniae LAMPs and dLAMPs differ in magnitude, but not in isotype or subclass. Passive transfer, dLAMP denaturation, and monoclonal antibody studies indicate that antibodies do not cause VED, but do appear to contribute to control of bacterial loads in the lungs. Depletion of B cells prior to LAMPs-vaccination results in significantly enhanced pathology in comparison to B cell competent controls, suggesting a possible regulatory role of B cells distinct from antibody secretion. Taken together, our findings suggest that B cell antibody responses to M. pneumoniae contribute to, but are insufficient for protection against challenge on their own, and that other functional properties of B cells are necessary to limit exacerbation of disease in LAMPs-vaccinated mice after infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler D. Gavitt
- grid.63054.340000 0001 0860 4915Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06238 USA ,grid.63054.340000 0001 0860 4915Center of Excellence for Vaccine Research, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06238 USA ,US Animal Vaccinology Research Coordination Network, Storrs, CT 06238 USA
| | - Arlind B. Mara
- grid.63054.340000 0001 0860 4915Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06238 USA ,grid.63054.340000 0001 0860 4915Center of Excellence for Vaccine Research, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06238 USA ,US Animal Vaccinology Research Coordination Network, Storrs, CT 06238 USA
| | - Meagan L. Goodridge
- grid.63054.340000 0001 0860 4915Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06238 USA ,grid.63054.340000 0001 0860 4915Center of Excellence for Vaccine Research, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06238 USA
| | - Rosemary Grace Ozyck
- grid.63054.340000 0001 0860 4915Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06238 USA ,grid.63054.340000 0001 0860 4915Center of Excellence for Vaccine Research, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06238 USA
| | - Emily Reinhardt
- grid.63054.340000 0001 0860 4915Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06238 USA ,Connecticut Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, Storrs, CT 06238 USA
| | - Jeremy M. Miller
- grid.63054.340000 0001 0860 4915Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06238 USA ,grid.63054.340000 0001 0860 4915Center of Excellence for Vaccine Research, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06238 USA ,US Animal Vaccinology Research Coordination Network, Storrs, CT 06238 USA
| | - Morgan Hunte
- grid.63054.340000 0001 0860 4915Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06238 USA ,grid.63054.340000 0001 0860 4915Center of Excellence for Vaccine Research, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06238 USA ,grid.417555.70000 0000 8814 392XPresent Address: Sanofi, Meriden, CT 06450 USA
| | - Edan R. Tulman
- grid.63054.340000 0001 0860 4915Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06238 USA ,grid.63054.340000 0001 0860 4915Center of Excellence for Vaccine Research, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06238 USA ,US Animal Vaccinology Research Coordination Network, Storrs, CT 06238 USA
| | - Salvatore Frasca Jr
- grid.63054.340000 0001 0860 4915Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06238 USA
| | - Lawrence K. Silbart
- grid.63054.340000 0001 0860 4915Center of Excellence for Vaccine Research, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06238 USA ,grid.63054.340000 0001 0860 4915Department of Allied of Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06238 USA
| | - Steven J. Geary
- grid.63054.340000 0001 0860 4915Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06238 USA ,grid.63054.340000 0001 0860 4915Center of Excellence for Vaccine Research, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06238 USA ,US Animal Vaccinology Research Coordination Network, Storrs, CT 06238 USA
| | - Steven M. Szczepanek
- grid.63054.340000 0001 0860 4915Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06238 USA ,grid.63054.340000 0001 0860 4915Center of Excellence for Vaccine Research, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06238 USA ,US Animal Vaccinology Research Coordination Network, Storrs, CT 06238 USA
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Krause DC, Hennigan SL, Henderson KC, Clark HJ, Dluhy RA. Variable Selection and Biomarker Correlation in the Analysis of Mycoplasma pneumoniaeStrains by Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. ANAL LETT 2017; 50:2412-2425. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2017.1287713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Duncan C. Krause
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Richard A. Dluhy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Yamazaki T, Kenri T. Epidemiology of Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infections in Japan and Therapeutic Strategies for Macrolide-Resistant M. pneumoniae. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:693. [PMID: 27242718 PMCID: PMC4876131 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae pneumonia) is a major cause of community-acquired pneumonia worldwide. The surveillance of M. pneumoniae pneumonia is important for etiological and epidemiological studies of acute respiratory infections. In Japan, nation-wide surveillance of M. pneumoniae pneumonia has been conducted as a part of the National Epidemiological Surveillance of Infectious Diseases (NESID) program. This surveillance started in 1981, and significant increases in the numbers of M. pneumoniae pneumonia patients were noted in 1984, 1988, 2006, 2010, 2011, 2012, and 2015. The epidemics in 2011 and 2012 were particularly widespread and motivated researchers to conduct detailed epidemiological studies, including genotyping and drug resistance analyses of M. pneumoniae isolates. The genotyping studies based on the p1 gene sequence suggested that the p1 gene type 1 lineage has been dominant in Japan since 2003, including the epidemic period during 2011-2012. However, more detailed p1 typing analysis is required to determine whether the type 2 lineages become more relevant after the dominance of the type 1 lineage. There has been extensive research interest in implications of the p1 gene types on the epidemiology of M. pneumoniae infections. Serological characterizations of sera from patients have provided a glimpse into these associations, showing the presence of type specific antibody in the patient sera. Another important epidemiological issue of M. pneumoniae pneumonia is the emergence of macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae (MRMP). MRMPs were noted among clinical isolates in Japan after 2000. At present, the isolation rate of MRMPs from pediatric patients is estimated at 50-90% in Japan, depending on the specific location. In view of the situation, Japanese societies have issued guiding principles for treating M. pneumoniae pneumonia. In these guiding principles, macrolides are still recommended as the first-line drug, however, if the fever does not subside in 48-72 h from first-line drug administration, a change of antibiotics to second-line drugs is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tsuyoshi Kenri
- Laboratory of Mycoplasmas and Haemophilus, Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious DiseasesTokyo, Japan
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4
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In vitro spatial and temporal analysis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae colonization of human airway epithelium. Infect Immun 2013; 82:579-86. [PMID: 24478073 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01036-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is an important cause of respiratory disease, especially in school-age children and young adults. We employed normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells in air-liquid interface culture to study the interaction of M. pneumoniae with differentiated airway epithelium. These airway cells, when grown in air-liquid interface culture, polarize, form tight junctions, produce mucus, and develop ciliary function. We examined both qualitatively and quantitatively the role of mycoplasma gliding motility in the colonization pattern of developing airway cells, comparing wild-type M. pneumoniae and mutants thereof with moderate to severe defects in gliding motility. Adherence assays with radiolabeled mycoplasmas demonstrated a dramatic reduction in binding for all strains with airway cell polarization, independent of acquisition of mucociliary function. Adherence levels dropped further once NHBE cells achieved terminal differentiation, with mucociliary activity strongly selecting for full gliding competence. Analysis over time by confocal microscopy demonstrated a distinct colonization pattern that appeared to originate primarily with ciliated cells, but lateral spread from the base of the cilia was slower than expected. The data support a model in which the mucociliary apparatus impairs colonization yet cilia provide a conduit for mycoplasma access to the host cell surface and suggest acquisition of a barrier function, perhaps associated with tethered mucin levels, with NHBE cell polarization.
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Strategy to create chimeric proteins derived from functional adhesin regions of Mycoplasma pneumoniae for vaccine development. Infect Immun 2009; 77:5007-15. [PMID: 19667041 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00268-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell wall-less bacterium Mycoplasma pneumoniae is one of the most common agents of respiratory tract diseases in humans. Adhesin-mediated binding of the bacteria to host cells is a crucial step in colonization and subsequent pathogenesis. For the first time, we expressed 16 recombinant proteins covering almost the whole major adhesin P1 and the adherence-associated protein P30 to characterize these proteins immunologically and functionally. We describe a new in vitro assay using several human cell lines in combination with fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis to screen antisera raised against the recombinant proteins quantitatively for adherence inhibition activity. The protein derived from the nearly C-terminal part of the P1 adhesin (amino acids [aa] 1288 to 1518) and the protein P30 (aa 17 to 274) especially showed prominent immunoreactivity with sera from M. pneumoniae-immunized guinea pigs as well as with M. pneumoniae-positive patient sera. We demonstrate that the same protein regions are involved in mediating cytadherence since antibodies against these adhesin regions decrease mycoplasma adhesion to human cells significantly. For further vaccine studies, we optimized the immunogenic and adherence-mediating properties of the antigen by combining both the P1 and the P30 regions in a novel chimeric protein. Antibodies against this protein show an increased reduction of M. pneumoniae adherence to human bronchial epithelial cells by 95%, which is comparable to results with polyspecific anti-M. pneumoniae animal serum. Our strategy results in a promising defined antigen candidate for reducing or even preventing M. pneumoniae colonization of the respiratory tract in future vaccination studies.
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Drasbek M, Christiansen G, Drasbek KR, Holm A, Birkelund S. Interaction between the P1 protein of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and receptors on HEp-2 cells. Microbiology (Reading) 2007; 153:3791-3799. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.2007/010736-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Drasbek
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Bartholin Building, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - G. Christiansen
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Bartholin Building, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - K. R. Drasbek
- Department of Molecular Biology, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - A. Holm
- Loke Diagnostics ApS, Sindalsvej 17, DK-8240 Risskov, Denmark
| | - S. Birkelund
- Loke Diagnostics ApS, Sindalsvej 17, DK-8240 Risskov, Denmark
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Bartholin Building, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Papazisi L, Frasca S, Gladd M, Liao X, Yogev D, Geary SJ. GapA and CrmA coexpression is essential for Mycoplasma gallisepticum cytadherence and virulence. Infect Immun 2002; 70:6839-45. [PMID: 12438360 PMCID: PMC133084 DOI: 10.1128/iai.70.12.6839-6845.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2002] [Revised: 08/16/2002] [Accepted: 09/18/2002] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
It was previously demonstrated that avirulent Mycoplasma gallisepticum strain R(high) (passage 164) is lacking three proteins that are expressed in its virulent progenitor, strain R(low) (passage 15). These proteins were identified as the cytadhesin molecule GapA, the putative cytadhesin-related molecule CrmA, and a component of a high-affinity transporter system, HatA. Complementation of R(high) with wild-type gapA restored expression in the transformant (GT5) but did not restore the cytadherence phenotype and maintained avirulence in chickens. These results suggested that CrmA might play an essential role in the M. gallisepticum cytadherence process. CrmA is encoded by the second gene in the gapA operon and shares significant sequence homology to the ORF6 gene of Mycoplasma pneumoniae, which has been shown to play an accessory role in the cytadherence process. Complementation of R(high) with wild-type crmA resulted in the transformant (SDCA) that lacked the cytadherence and virulence phenotype comparable to that found in R(high) and GT5. In contrast, complementation of R(high) with the entire wild-type gapA operon resulted in the transformant (GCA1) that restored cytadherence to the level found in wild-type R(low). In vivo pathogenesis trials revealed that GCA1 had regained virulence, causing airsacculitis in chickens. These results demonstrate that both GapA and CrmA are required for M. gallisepticum cytadherence and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Papazisi
- Center of Excellence for Vaccine Research, The University of Connecticut, Storrs 06269, USA
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Dorigo-Zetsma JW, Wilbrink B, Dankert J, Zaat SA. Mycoplasma pneumoniae P1 type 1- and type 2-specific sequences within the P1 cytadhesin gene of individual strains. Infect Immun 2001; 69:5612-8. [PMID: 11500436 PMCID: PMC98676 DOI: 10.1128/iai.69.9.5612-5618.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae strains traditionally are divided into two types, based on sequence variation in the P1 gene. Recently, however, we have identified 8 P1 subtypes by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. In the present study the P1 gene sequences of three P1 type 1 and two P1 type 2 M. pneumoniae strains were analyzed. A new P1 gene sequence in a type 1 strain with partial similarity to a recently reported variable region in the P1 gene of an M. pneumoniae type 2 strain (T. Kenri, R. Taniguchi, Y. Sasaki, N. Okazaki, M. Narita, K. Izumikawa, M. Umetsu, and T.Sasaki, Infect. Immun. 67:4557-4562, 1999) was identified. In addition, the P1 gene of the type 1 strain contained another region with nucleotide polymorphisms identical to a stretch in the P1 gene of one of our type 2 strains. These findings indicate that recombination between sequences specific for P1 type 1 and type 2 had occurred and that P1 type 1 and type 2 hybrid sequences can be present within the P1 gene of an individual strain. Identical or nearly identical variable P1 gene sequences were present in several repetitive regions outside the P1 gene locus in the genome of M. pneumoniae strain M129, implying recombination as a mechanism for generation of the P1 gene variation. Additionally, in the P1 gene sequences of four of the five strains studied, single-nucleotide polymorphisms different from the previously reported P1 type 1 and 2 characteristic sequences were identified. The polymorphic sites are candidate targets for genotyping of M. pneumoniae by direct sequencing of amplicons from clinical specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Dorigo-Zetsma
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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9
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Kenri T, Taniguchi R, Sasaki Y, Okazaki N, Narita M, Izumikawa K, Umetsu M, Sasaki T. Identification of a new variable sequence in the P1 cytadhesin gene of Mycoplasma pneumoniae: evidence for the generation of antigenic variation by DNA recombination between repetitive sequences. Infect Immun 1999; 67:4557-62. [PMID: 10456900 PMCID: PMC96778 DOI: 10.1128/iai.67.9.4557-4562.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A Mycoplasma pneumoniae cytadhesin P1 gene with novel nucleotide sequence variation has been identified. Four clinical strains of M. pneumoniae were found to carry this type of P1 gene. This new P1 gene is similar to the known group II P1 genes but possesses novel sequence variation of approximately 300 bp in the RepMP2/3 region. The position of the new variable region is distant from the previously reported variable regions known to differ between group I and II P1 genes. Two sequences closely homologous to this new variable region were found within the repetitive sequences outside the P1 gene of the M. pneumoniae M129 genome. This suggests that the new P1 gene was generated by DNA recombination between repetitive sequences and the P1 gene locus. The finding of this new type of P1 gene supports the hypothesis that the repetitive sequences of the M. pneumoniae genome serve as a reservoir to generate antigenic variation of the cytadhesin P1 gene.
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MESH Headings
- Adhesins, Bacterial/genetics
- Adhesins, Bacterial/immunology
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Antigenic Variation
- Antigens, Bacterial/genetics
- Antigens, Bacterial/immunology
- Base Sequence
- DNA
- DNA, Bacterial
- Humans
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae/genetics
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae/immunology
- Pneumonia, Mycoplasma/microbiology
- Recombination, Genetic
- Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kenri
- Department of Safety Research on Biologics, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan.
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10
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Goh MS, Gorton TS, Forsyth MH, Troy KE, Geary SJ. Molecular and biochemical analysis of a 105 kDa Mycoplasma gallisepticum cytadhesin (GapA). MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 1998; 144 ( Pt 11):2971-2978. [PMID: 9846732 DOI: 10.1099/00221287-144-11-2971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The identification of a gene (gapA) from Mycoplasma gallisepticum with homology to the P1 cytadherence gene of Mycoplasma pneumoniae is reported. The gapA gene is a 2895 bp ORF encoding a protein with a molecular mass of 105 kDa. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the gapA gene revealed 45% homology to the M. pneumoniae P1 gene, 46% homology to the Mycoplasma genitalium MgPa gene and 47% homology to the Mycoplasma pirum P1-like protein gene. It has a 64 mol % A+T content compared to 46, 60 and 72 mol % respectively for the P1, MgPa and the P1-like protein genes. As with the P1 and MgPa genes, gapA is a central gene in a multi-gene operon, but unlike the P1 and MgPa genes, there is only a single copy of gapA in the genome. GapA is a trypsin-sensitive surface-exposed protein. Chicken tracheal-ring inhibition-of-attachment assays, using anti-GapA Fab fragments, resulted in 64% inhibition of attachment. These results indicated that GapA plays a role in cytadherence of M. gallisepticum to host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Goh
- Department of Pathobiology, U-89, 61 N Eagleville Rd, University of Connecticut,Storrs, CT 06269-3089,USA
| | - T S Gorton
- Department of Pathobiology, U-89, 61 N Eagleville Rd, University of Connecticut,Storrs, CT 06269-3089,USA
| | - M H Forsyth
- Department of Pathobiology, U-89, 61 N Eagleville Rd, University of Connecticut,Storrs, CT 06269-3089,USA
| | - K E Troy
- Department of Pathobiology, U-89, 61 N Eagleville Rd, University of Connecticut,Storrs, CT 06269-3089,USA
| | - S J Geary
- Department of Pathobiology, U-89, 61 N Eagleville Rd, University of Connecticut,Storrs, CT 06269-3089,USA
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Hsu T, Artiushin S, Minion FC. Cloning and functional analysis of the P97 swine cilium adhesin gene of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. J Bacteriol 1997; 179:1317-23. [PMID: 9023217 PMCID: PMC178831 DOI: 10.1128/jb.179.4.1317-1323.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Colonization of the swine respiratory tract by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is accomplished by specific binding to the cilia of the mucosal epithelial cells. Previous studies have implicated a 97-kDa outer membrane-associated protein, P97, that appeared to mediate this interaction. In order to further define the role of P97 in adherence to porcine cilia, the structural gene was cloned and sequenced, and the recombinant products were analyzed. Monoclonal antibodies were used to identify recombinant clones in a genomic library expressed in an opal suppressor host because of alternate codon usage by mycoplasmas. The gene coding for P97 was then identified by Tn1000 mutagenesis of recombinant clones. DNA sequence analysis revealed an open reading frame coding for a 124.9-kDa protein with a hydrophobic transmembrane spanning domain. The N-terminal sequence of purified P97 mapped at amino acid position 195 of the translated sequence, indicating that a processing event had occurred in M. hyopneumoniae. Both recombinant P97 protein expressed in an Escherichia coli opal suppressor host and M. hyopneumoniae bound specifically to swine cilia, and the binding was inhibited by heparin and fucoidan, thus supporting the hypothesis that P97 was actively involved in binding to swine cilia in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hsu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Iowa State University, Ames 50011, USA
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12
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Marais A, Bove JM, Dallo SF, Baseman JB, Renaudin J. Expression in Spiroplasma citri of an epitope carried on the G fragment of the cytadhesin P1 gene from Mycoplasma pneumoniae. J Bacteriol 1993; 175:2783-7. [PMID: 7683022 PMCID: PMC204586 DOI: 10.1128/jb.175.9.2783-2787.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously described the use of the replicative form (RF) of Spiroplasma citri virus SpV1 as a vector for cloning and expressing foreign genes in S. citri, an organism which reads UGA as a tryptophan codon (C. Stamburski, J. Renaudin, and J.M. Bové, J. Bacteriol. 173:2225-2230, 1991). We now report cloning and expression in S. citri of the G fragment of cytadhesin P1 gene from Mycoplasma pneumoniae. The G fragment was inserted in the SpV1 RF downstream of a synthetic ribosome binding site and introduced into S. citri by electroporation. Northern (RNA) blot analyses showed that in S. citri, the G fragment was transcribed from an SpV1 RF promoter as a 1.2-kb mRNA. The translation product was detected by Western blotting (immunoblotting) with a rabbit antiserum raised against total proteins from M. pneumoniae (strain FH) and was proved to be P1 specific by using monoclonal antibodies specific for the G region of the P1 protein. The apparent molecular mass of the polypeptide (24.5 kDa) indicates that in S. citri, the G fragment was fully translated in spite of the seven UGA codons present in the reading frame.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Marais
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Villenave d'Ornon, France
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Cimolai N, Cheong AC. IgM anti-P1 immunoblotting. A standard for the rapid serologic diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in pediatric care. Chest 1992; 102:477-81. [PMID: 1643936 DOI: 10.1378/chest.102.2.477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To prospectively evaluate the use of an IgM anti-P1 immunoblotting assay for the rapid diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in a pediatric setting. PATIENTS AND METHODS Blood specimens from 107 children representing 108 predominantly respiratory illnesses were obtained for a prospective evaluation of the IgM anti-P1 assay. Primary patient diagnoses were determined by a combination of the complement fixation test and supplementary microbiologic and nonmicrobiologic diagnostic tests. The potential effect of the assay results on antibiotic therapy was assessed by observing concurrent therapy. RESULTS M pneumoniae was the primary etiologic agent of disease in 19 patients. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the IgM test to determine a case of primary M pneumoniae disease was 84.2 percent, 95.5 percent, 80.0 percent, and 96.6 percent, respectively. Twenty-seven children may have had antimicrobial therapy appropriately modified if results of the assay were directly utilized. Three of four patients with positive assays, which would have been falsely indicative of primary disease, had evidence of a recent probable M pneumoniae infection shortly preceding the acute illness. CONCLUSION The rapid IgM anti-P1 assay is reasonably specific for the diagnosis of M pneumoniae infection. Apart from establishing prompt and accurate diagnosis, the results have the potential to change treatment measures in a significant proportion of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Cimolai
- Department of Pathology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Hirschberg L, Holme T, Krook A. Human antibody response to the major adhesin of Mycoplasma pneumoniae: increase in titers against synthetic peptides in patients with pneumonia. APMIS 1991; 99:515-20. [PMID: 1905145 DOI: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1991.tb05184.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Peptides corresponding to parts of the P1 protein (major adhesin) of Mycoplasma pneumoniae were synthesized. On the basis of predicted antigenicity, seven sequences containing 17 to 21 amino acids were selected. In addition, one peptide containing a sequence of 13 amino acids shown to be related to cytadherence of M. pneumoniae was included. Serum samples from 56 patients with pneumonia were tested for a rise in titers of specific IgG during infection, using the peptides as coating antigens in ELISA. A titer rise against one or more peptides was observed in 10 out of 13 patients with serological evidence of mycoplasmal etiology. Specific antibodies to two or more peptides were demonstrated in three patients, whereas seven patients responded to one peptide only. In the sera from patients with pneumonia of non-mycoplasmal etiology, no titer rises above the cut-off level were observed. Our results indicate that a combination of four peptides would be possible for use as antigen for serological diagnosis of infections with M. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hirschberg
- Department of Bacteriology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Jacobs E, Watter T, Schaefer HE, Bredt W. Comparison of host responses after intranasal infection of guinea-pigs with Mycoplasma genitalium or with Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Microb Pathog 1991; 10:221-9. [PMID: 1895924 DOI: 10.1016/0882-4010(91)90056-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Guinea-pigs were infected intranasally with Mycoplasma genitalium or Mycoplasma pneumoniae. The lung lesions produced by the two mycoplasmas were comparable in extent and histological pattern. Sera of both animal groups taken 2 weeks after infection reacted strongly in the complement fixation test with the M. pneumoniae glycolipid extract. In an ELISA using the respective adherence proteins (P1-protein of M. pneumoniae and MgPa of M. genitalium), strong specific activity, but also considerable cross-reactions were found. Epitope analysis by using overlapping octapeptides of a P1-region immunologically active in human M. pneumoniae infections and of the corresponding MgPa-region revealed six common epitopes but also one M. genitalium and two M. pneumoniae specific determinants. For analysis of a possible pathogenicity of M. genitalium in the human respiratory tract species-specific tests have to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Jacobs
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Freiburg, Germany
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Mader B, Hu PC, Huang CH, Schilz E, Jacobs E. The mature MgPa-adhesin of Mycoplasma genitalium. ZENTRALBLATT FUR BAKTERIOLOGIE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 1991; 274:507-13. [PMID: 1863319 DOI: 10.1016/s0934-8840(11)80088-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A high molecular weight protein of Mycoplasma genitalium (MgPa-protein) was isolated by fractionated solubilization with 1% CHAPS, followed by subsequent extraction with 2% octylglucoside and size exclusion chromatography. The comparison of the N-terminal sequence reported here with published nucleotide sequence data revealed the existence of a signal sequence; the molecular weight of the mature MgPa-protein was calculated to be 153, 134 dalton. The protein shares antigenic determinants with the adhesin of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (P1-protein). Therefore the amino acid sequence of the MgPa-protein was matched to the P1-protein sequence. Five of seven computer predicted hydrophobic regions of both amino acid sequences were located in corresponding regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Mader
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Freiburg, Germany
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Su CJ, Chavoya A, Dallo SF, Baseman JB. Sequence divergency of the cytadhesin gene of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Infect Immun 1990; 58:2669-74. [PMID: 1973413 PMCID: PMC258871 DOI: 10.1128/iai.58.8.2669-2674.1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mycoplasma pneumoniae cytadhesin P1 genes from two groups of clinical isolates that display restriction fragment length polymorphisms were cloned and sequenced. Within each group the nucleotide sequences were identical, but two major differences were detected between the groups. These two stretches of sequence divergence were located in multiple-copy regions of the P1 gene and resulted in considerable amino acid changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Su
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio 78284-7758
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Jacobs E, Röck R, Dalehite L. A B cell-, T cell-linked epitope located on the adhesin of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Infect Immun 1990; 58:2464-9. [PMID: 1695202 PMCID: PMC258842 DOI: 10.1128/iai.58.8.2464-2469.1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of specific T cell and B cell epitopes of the P1 protein, which functions as an adhesin and as a major antigen of Mycoplasma pneumoniae, has become of central interest for the design of synthetic vaccines. Here we report the isolation from guinea pigs infected intranasally with M. pneumoniae of hilar and bronchial T lymphocytes which proliferated after in vitro stimulation with sonicated M. pneumoniae whole-cell antigen and with the isolated P1 protein. For more detailed information on T cell epitopes, a 51-amino-acid region (histidine 821 to glycine 871; numbered from the NH2-terminal end) of the P1 protein was analyzed for a T cell epitope. An octapeptide, S-G-S-R-S-F-L-P (starting at amino acid 845), stimulated in vitro lymphocytes of bronchial washings and of hilar lymph nodes. Furthermore, this T cell-stimulating amino acid sequence was located at the C-terminal end of a B cell epitope with the sequence T-N-T (starting at amino acid 842).
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Affiliation(s)
- E Jacobs
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Freiburg, Federal Republic of Germany
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Jacobs E, Pilatschek A, Gerstenecker B, Oberle K, Bredt W. Immunodominant epitopes of the adhesin of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. J Clin Microbiol 1990; 28:1194-7. [PMID: 1696281 PMCID: PMC267904 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.28.6.1194-1197.1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Overlapping octapeptides from the amino acid sequence of the adherence protein of Mycoplasma pneumoniae were synthesized and used as the antigen in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with serum samples from M. pneumoniae-infected patients. Of a sequence of 338 amino acids positioned between leucine 801 and leucine 1139, only two regions with immunodominant continuous epitopes were detected. The immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M antibodies of child and adult patients reacted especially with the NH2-(810)-W-I-G-N-G-Y-R-Y peptide but also reacted with the NH2-(1124)-F-T-D-F-V-K-P-R peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Jacobs
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Freiburg, Federal Republic of Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- C Koch
- Mycobacteria Department, Statens Seruminstitut, Copenhagen, Denmark
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