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Huang Z, Zou J, Guo M, Zhang G, Gao J, Zhao H, Yan F, Niu Y, Wang GL. An aerotaxis receptor influences invasion of Agrobacterium tumefaciens into its host. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16898. [PMID: 38332807 PMCID: PMC10851874 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a soil-borne pathogenic bacterium that causes crown gall disease in many plants. Chemotaxis offers A. tumefaciens the ability to find its host and establish infection. Being an aerobic bacterium, A. tumefaciens possesses one chemotaxis system with multiple potential chemoreceptors. Chemoreceptors play an important role in perceiving and responding to environmental signals. However, the studies of chemoreceptors in A. tumefaciens remain relatively restricted. Here, we characterized a cytoplasmic chemoreceptor of A. tumefaciens C58 that contains an N-terminal globin domain. The chemoreceptor was designated as Atu1027. The deletion of Atu1027 not only eliminated the aerotactic response of A. tumefaciens to atmospheric air but also resulted in a weakened chemotactic response to multiple carbon sources. Subsequent site-directed mutagenesis and phenotypic analysis showed that the conserved residue His100 in Atu1027 is essential for the globin domain's function in both chemotaxis and aerotaxis. Furthermore, deleting Atu1027 impaired the biofilm formation and pathogenicity of A. tumefaciens. Collectively, our findings demonstrated that Atu1027 functions as an aerotaxis receptor that affects agrobacterial chemotaxis and the invasion of A. tumefaciens into its host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Huang
- Jiangsu Provincial Agricultural Green and Low Carbon Production Technology Engineering Research Center, School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Junnan Zou
- Jiangsu Provincial Agricultural Green and Low Carbon Production Technology Engineering Research Center, School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Minliang Guo
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Agricultural Green and Low Carbon Production Technology Engineering Research Center, School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jun Gao
- Jiangsu Provincial Agricultural Green and Low Carbon Production Technology Engineering Research Center, School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hongliang Zhao
- Jiangsu Provincial Agricultural Green and Low Carbon Production Technology Engineering Research Center, School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Feiyu Yan
- Jiangsu Provincial Agricultural Green and Low Carbon Production Technology Engineering Research Center, School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuan Niu
- Jiangsu Provincial Agricultural Green and Low Carbon Production Technology Engineering Research Center, School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guang-Long Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Agricultural Green and Low Carbon Production Technology Engineering Research Center, School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an, Jiangsu Province, China
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2
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Huang S, Lin S, Qin H, Jiang H, Liu M. The Parameters Affecting Antimicrobial Efficiency of Antimicrobial Blue Light Therapy: A Review and Prospect. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041197. [PMID: 37189815 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial blue light (aBL) therapy is a novel non-antibiotic antimicrobial approach which works by generating reactive oxygen species. It has shown excellent antimicrobial ability to various microbial pathogens in many studies. However, due to the variability of aBL parameters (e.g., wavelength, dose), there are differences in the antimicrobial effect across different studies, which makes it difficult to form treatment plans for clinical and industrial application. In this review, we summarize research on aBL from the last six years to provide suggestions for clinical and industrial settings. Furthermore, we discuss the damage mechanism and protection mechanism of aBL therapy, and provide a prospect about valuable research fields related to aBL therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Huang
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, 2005th Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Shangfei Lin
- Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, 220th Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
- Zhongshan Fudan Joint Innovation Center, 6th Xiangxing Road, Zhongshan 528403, China
| | - Haokuan Qin
- Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, 220th Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, 220th Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Muqing Liu
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, 2005th Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
- Zhongshan Fudan Joint Innovation Center, 6th Xiangxing Road, Zhongshan 528403, China
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3
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Bacteria phototaxis optimizer. Neural Comput Appl 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00521-023-08391-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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4
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Hosu BG, Hill W, Samuel AD, Berg HC. Synchronized strobed phase contrast and fluorescence microscopy: the interlaced standard reimagined. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:5167-5180. [PMID: 36823805 PMCID: PMC10018787 DOI: 10.1364/oe.474045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We propose a simple, cost-effective method for synchronized phase contrast and fluorescence video acquisition in live samples. Counter-phased pulses of phase contrast illumination and fluorescence excitation light are synchronized with the exposure of the two fields of an interlaced camera sensor. This results in a video sequence in which each frame contains both exposure modes, each in half of its pixels. The method allows real-time acquisition and display of synchronized and spatially aligned phase contrast and fluorescence image sequences that can be separated by de-interlacing in two independent videos. The method can be implemented on any fluorescence microscope with a camera port without needing to modify the optical path.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basarab G. Hosu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Rowland Institute at Harvard, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Winfield Hill
- Rowland Institute at Harvard, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Aravinthan D. Samuel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Howard C. Berg
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Rowland Institute at Harvard, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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5
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Abstract
Light is a ubiquitous energy source and environmental signal that broadly impacts the lifestyle of a large number of photosynthetic/nonphotosynthetic microorganisms living in the euphotic layer. However, the responses of deep-sea microbes to light are largely unknown, even though blue light is proposed to be distributed in the deep ocean. Here, we successfully cultured a novel bacterial species, named Spongiibacter nanhainus CSC3.9, from deep-sea cold seep samples by a blue light induction approach. The growth of strain CSC3.9 was obviously promoted by the illumination of blue light. We next determined BLUF (a typical blue light photoreceptor) was the most essential factor directing light sensing of strain CSC3.9 through a combined proteomic and genetic method. The function of light sensing mediated by BLUF was further confirmed by the in vitro-synthesized protein. Notably, homologs of BLUF widely existed across the marine microorganisms (containing Spongiibacter species) derived from different environments, including cold seeps. This strongly indicates that the distribution of light utilization by the nonphototrophic bacteria living in the ocean is broad and has been substantially underestimated. IMPORTANCE Extensive studies have been conducted to explore the mechanisms of light sensing and utilization by microorganisms that live in the photic zone. Strikingly, accumulated evidence shows that light is distributed in the deep biosphere. However, the existence and process of light sensing and utilization by microbes inhabiting the deep ocean have been seldom reported. In the present study, a novel bacterial strain, Spongiibacter nanhainus CSC3.9, was enriched and purified from a deep-sea cold seep sample through a blue light induction method. Combined with genomic, proteomic, genetic, and biochemical approaches, the mechanism of this novel strain sensing blue light through a BLUF-dependent pathway was detailed. Our study provides a good model to study the mechanisms of light sensing mediated by deep-sea nonphototrophic bacteria.
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6
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Xia D, Yang L, Cui J, Li Y, Jiang X, Meca G, Wang S, Feng Y, Zhao Y, Qin J, Zhu Y, Ye H, Wang W. Combined Analysis of the Effects of Exposure to Blue Light in Ducks Reveals a Reduction in Cholesterol Accumulation Through Changes in Methionine Metabolism and the Intestinal Microbiota. Front Nutr 2021; 8:737059. [PMID: 34901103 PMCID: PMC8656972 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.737059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Monochromatic light is widely used in industry, medical treatment, and animal husbandry. Green-blue light has been found to stimulate the proliferation of satellite cells and the results of studies on the effects of blue light on poultry vary widely. It would be worthwhile to study the effect of blue light on poultry growth and how exposure to blue light affects metabolism and the intestinal microbiota. In this study, we irradiated Cherry Valley ducks with 460 nm wavelength light (blue light) for 3 weeks to explore the effects of blue light in comparison to those of white light (combined wavelength light) on animal growth and development. Our results showed that, under exposure to blue light, the body weight and average daily feed intake of ducks were decreased, but the leg muscle and relative length of the intestine were increased. Exposure to blue light chiefly enhanced the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacities of the animal and decreased lipid levels in serum and liver. Metabolomic analysis revealed that blue light heightened cysteine and methionine metabolism, and increased serum taurine and primary bile acid levels, as well as up-regulating the metabolites L-carnitine and glutamine. Treatment with blue light significantly increased the beta diversity of intestinal microbiota and the relative abundances of bile acid hydrolase-producing bacteria, especially Alistipes. These changes promote the synthesis of secondary bile acids to further enhance lipid metabolism in the host, thereby reducing cholesterol accumulation in ducks. These results should help us better understand the effects of exposure to blue light on metabolite levels and the intestinal microbiota, and suggest that it may be possible to use colored light to control the development of livestock and poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiyang Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiajie Cui
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianzhi Jiang
- Microbiome Research Center, Moon (Guangzhou) Biotech Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Giuseppe Meca
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Yan Feng
- Guangdong Haida Group Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujie Zhao
- Gold Coin Feedmill (Dong Guan) Co. Ltd., Dongguan, China
| | | | - Yongwen Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wence Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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7
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Bioluminescence and Photoreception in Unicellular Organisms: Light-Signalling in a Bio-Communication Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111311. [PMID: 34768741 PMCID: PMC8582858 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioluminescence, the emission of light catalysed by luciferases, has evolved in many taxa from bacteria to vertebrates and is predominant in the marine environment. It is now well established that in animals possessing a nervous system capable of integrating light stimuli, bioluminescence triggers various behavioural responses and plays a role in intra- or interspecific visual communication. The function of light emission in unicellular organisms is less clear and it is currently thought that it has evolved in an ecological framework, to be perceived by visual animals. For example, while it is thought that bioluminescence allows bacteria to be ingested by zooplankton or fish, providing them with favourable conditions for growth and dispersal, the luminous flashes emitted by dinoflagellates may have evolved as an anti-predation system against copepods. In this short review, we re-examine this paradigm in light of recent findings in microorganism photoreception, signal integration and complex behaviours. Numerous studies show that on the one hand, bacteria and protists, whether autotrophs or heterotrophs, possess a variety of photoreceptors capable of perceiving and integrating light stimuli of different wavelengths. Single-cell light-perception produces responses ranging from phototaxis to more complex behaviours. On the other hand, there is growing evidence that unicellular prokaryotes and eukaryotes can perform complex tasks ranging from habituation and decision-making to associative learning, despite lacking a nervous system. Here, we focus our analysis on two taxa, bacteria and dinoflagellates, whose bioluminescence is well studied. We propose the hypothesis that similar to visual animals, the interplay between light-emission and reception could play multiple roles in intra- and interspecific communication and participate in complex behaviour in the unicellular world.
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8
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Liu G, Liu Z, Zhu L, Zhang R, Yuan J. Upcoming flow promotes the bundle formation of bacterial flagella. Biophys J 2021; 120:4391-4398. [PMID: 34509505 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Flagellated bacteria swim by rotating a bundle of helical flagella and commonly explore the surrounding environment in a "run-and-tumble" motility mode. Here, we show that the upcoming flow could impact the bacterial run-and-tumble behavior by affecting the formation and dispersal of the flagellar bundle. Using a dual optical tweezers setup to trap individual bacteria, we characterized the effects of the imposed fluid flow and cell body rotation on the run-and-tumble behavior. We found that the two factors affect the behavior differently, with the imposed fluid flow increasing the running time and decreasing the tumbling time and the cell body rotation decreasing the tumbling time only. Using numerical simulations, we computed the flagellar bundling time as a function of flow velocity, which agrees well with our experimental observations. The mechanical effects we characterized here provide novel, to our knowledge, ingredients for further studies of bacterial chemotaxis in complex environments such as dynamic fluid environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhe Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Physics, Hefei, China
| | - Zhaorong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Lailai Zhu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rongjing Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Physics, Hefei, China.
| | - Junhua Yuan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Physics, Hefei, China.
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9
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Genetic Factors Affect the Survival and Behaviors of Selected Bacteria during Antimicrobial Blue Light Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910452. [PMID: 34638788 PMCID: PMC8508746 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a global, mounting and dynamic issue that poses an immediate threat to human, animal, and environmental health. Among the alternative antimicrobial treatments proposed to reduce the external use of antibiotics is electromagnetic radiation, such as blue light. The prevailing mechanistic model is that blue light can be absorbed by endogenous porphyrins within the bacterial cell, inducing the production of reactive oxygen species, which subsequently inflict oxidative damages upon different cellular components. Nevertheless, it is unclear whether other mechanisms are involved, particularly those that can affect the efficacy of antimicrobial blue light treatments. In this review, we summarize evidence of inherent factors that may confer protection to a selected group of bacteria against blue light-induced oxidative damages or modulate the physiological characteristics of the treated bacteria, such as virulence and motility. These include descriptions of three major photoreceptors in bacteria, chemoreceptors, SOS-dependent DNA repair and non-SOS protective mechanisms. Future directions are also provided to assist with research efforts to increase the efficacy of antimicrobial blue light and to minimize the development of blue light-tolerant phenotypes.
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10
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Pearson JA, Voisey AC, Boest-Bjerg K, Wong FS, Wen L. Circadian Rhythm Modulation of Microbes During Health and Infection. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:721004. [PMID: 34512600 PMCID: PMC8430216 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.721004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms, referring to 24-h daily oscillations in biological and physiological processes, can significantly regulate host immunity to pathogens, as well as commensals, resulting in altered susceptibility to disease development. Furthermore, vaccination responses to microbes have also shown time-of-day-dependent changes in the magnitude of protective immune responses elicited in the host. Thus, understanding host circadian rhythm effects on both gut bacteria and viruses during infection is important to minimize adverse effects on health and identify optimal times for therapeutic administration to maximize therapeutic success. In this review, we summarize the circadian modulations of gut bacteria, viruses and their interactions, both in health and during infection. We also discuss the importance of chronotherapy (i.e., time-specific therapy) as a plausible therapeutic administration strategy to enhance beneficial therapeutic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Alexander Pearson
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Christopher Voisey
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Kathrine Boest-Bjerg
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - F. Susan Wong
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Li Wen
- Section of Endocrinology, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
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11
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The cyanobacterial taxis protein HmpF regulates type IV pilus activity in response to light. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2023988118. [PMID: 33723073 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2023988118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Motility is ubiquitous in prokaryotic organisms including the photosynthetic cyanobacteria where surface motility powered by type 4 pili (T4P) is common and facilitates phototaxis to seek out favorable light environments. In cyanobacteria, chemotaxis-like systems are known to regulate motility and phototaxis. The characterized phototaxis systems rely on methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins containing bilin-binding GAF domains capable of directly sensing light, and the mechanism by which they regulate the T4P is largely undefined. In this study we demonstrate that cyanobacteria possess a second, GAF-independent, means of sensing light to regulate motility and provide insight into how a chemotaxis-like system regulates the T4P motors. A combination of genetic, cytological, and protein-protein interaction analyses, along with experiments using the proton ionophore carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazine, indicate that the Hmp chemotaxis-like system of the model filamentous cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme is capable of sensing light indirectly, possibly via alterations in proton motive force, and modulates direct interaction between the cyanobacterial taxis protein HmpF, and Hfq, PilT1, and PilT2 to regulate the T4P motors. Given that the Hmp system is widely conserved in cyanobacteria, and the finding from this study that orthologs of HmpF and T4P proteins from the distantly related model unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC6803 interact in a similar manner to their N. punctiforme counterparts, it is likely that this represents a ubiquitous means of regulating motility in response to light in cyanobacteria.
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12
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Santamaría‐Hernando S, Cerna‐Vargas JP, Martínez‐García PM, de Francisco‐de Polanco S, Nebreda S, Rodríguez‐Palenzuela P, Rodríguez‐Herva JJ, López‐Solanilla E. Blue-light perception by epiphytic Pseudomonas syringae drives chemoreceptor expression, enabling efficient plant infection. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2020; 21:1606-1619. [PMID: 33029921 PMCID: PMC7694672 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Adaptation and efficient colonization of the phyllosphere are essential processes for the switch to an epiphytic stage in foliar bacterial pathogens. Here, we explore the interplay among light perception and global transcriptomic alterations in epiphytic populations of the hemibiotrophic pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (PsPto) following contact with tomato leaves. We found that blue-light perception by PsPto on leaf surfaces is required for optimal colonization. Blue light triggers the activation of metabolic activity and increases the transcript levels of five chemoreceptors through the function of light oxygen voltage and BphP1 photoreceptors. The inactivation of PSPTO_1008 and PSPTO_2526 chemoreceptors causes a reduction in virulence. Our results indicate that during PsPto interaction with tomato plants, light perception, chemotaxis, and virulence are highly interwoven processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saray Santamaría‐Hernando
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas CBGPUniversidad Politécnica de Madrid‐Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM Pozuelo de AlarcónMadridSpain
| | - Jean Paul Cerna‐Vargas
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas CBGPUniversidad Politécnica de Madrid‐Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM Pozuelo de AlarcónMadridSpain
| | - Pedro Manuel Martínez‐García
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas CBGPUniversidad Politécnica de Madrid‐Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM Pozuelo de AlarcónMadridSpain
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa‐CABIMERAvenida Americo VespucioSevilleSpain
| | - Sofía de Francisco‐de Polanco
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas CBGPUniversidad Politécnica de Madrid‐Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM Pozuelo de AlarcónMadridSpain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita SalasConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida Ramiro de MaeztuMadridSpain
| | - Sandra Nebreda
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas CBGPUniversidad Politécnica de Madrid‐Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM Pozuelo de AlarcónMadridSpain
| | - Pablo Rodríguez‐Palenzuela
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas CBGPUniversidad Politécnica de Madrid‐Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM Pozuelo de AlarcónMadridSpain
- Departamento de Biotecnología‐Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería AgronómicaAlimentaria y de BiosistemasUniversidad Politécnica de MadridMadridSpain
| | - José Juan Rodríguez‐Herva
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas CBGPUniversidad Politécnica de Madrid‐Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM Pozuelo de AlarcónMadridSpain
- Departamento de Biotecnología‐Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería AgronómicaAlimentaria y de BiosistemasUniversidad Politécnica de MadridMadridSpain
| | - Emilia López‐Solanilla
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas CBGPUniversidad Politécnica de Madrid‐Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM Pozuelo de AlarcónMadridSpain
- Departamento de Biotecnología‐Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería AgronómicaAlimentaria y de BiosistemasUniversidad Politécnica de MadridMadridSpain
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13
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Fraebel DT, Gowda K, Mani M, Kuehn S. Evolution of Generalists by Phenotypic Plasticity. iScience 2020; 23:101678. [PMID: 33163936 PMCID: PMC7600391 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Adapting organisms face a tension between specializing their phenotypes for certain ecological tasks and developing generalist strategies that permit persistence in multiple environmental conditions. Understanding when and how generalists or specialists evolve is an important question in evolutionary dynamics. Here, we study the evolution of bacterial range expansions by selecting Escherichia coli for faster migration through porous media containing one of four different sugars supporting growth and chemotaxis. We find that selection in any one sugar drives the evolution of faster migration in all sugars. Measurements of growth and motility of all evolved lineages in all nutrient conditions reveal that the ubiquitous evolution of fast migration arises via phenotypic plasticity. Phenotypic plasticity permits evolved strains to exploit distinct strategies to achieve fast migration in each environment, irrespective of the environment in which they were evolved. Therefore, selection in a homogeneous environment drives phenotypic plasticity that improves performance in other environments. Bacteria evolve fast migration in porous media by adapting growth and motility Selection in one nutrient condition results in fast migration in other conditions Fast migrating generalists evolve by plasticity in growth and motility Selection in homogeneous environments can evolve generalist phenotypes
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Fraebel
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,Center for the Physics of Living Cells, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Karna Gowda
- Center for the Physics of Evolving Systems, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Madhav Mani
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.,NSF-Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.,Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Seppe Kuehn
- Center for the Physics of Evolving Systems, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Gurung JP, Gel M, Baker MAB. Microfluidic techniques for separation of bacterial cells via taxis. MICROBIAL CELL (GRAZ, AUSTRIA) 2020; 7:66-79. [PMID: 32161767 PMCID: PMC7052948 DOI: 10.15698/mic2020.03.710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The microbial environment is typically within a fluid and the key processes happen at the microscopic scale where viscosity dominates over inertial forces. Microfluidic tools are thus well suited to study microbial motility because they offer precise control of spatial structures and are ideal for the generation of laminar fluid flows with low Reynolds numbers at microbial lengthscales. These tools have been used in combination with microscopy platforms to visualise and study various microbial taxes. These include establishing concentration and temperature gradients to influence motility via chemotaxis and thermotaxis, or controlling the surrounding microenvironment to influence rheotaxis, magnetotaxis, and phototaxis. Improvements in microfluidic technology have allowed fine separation of cells based on subtle differences in motility traits and have applications in synthetic biology, directed evolution, and applied medical microbiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti P. Gurung
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, UNSW Sydney
| | - Murat Gel
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton
- CSIRO Future Science Platform for Synthetic Biology
| | - Matthew A. B. Baker
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, UNSW Sydney
- CSIRO Future Science Platform for Synthetic Biology
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