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Sood U, Müller M, Lan T, Garg G, Singhvi N, Hira P, Singh P, Nigam A, Verma M, Lata P, Kaur H, Kumar A, Rawat CD, Lal S, Aldrich C, Bechthold A, Lal R. Amycolatopsis mediterranei: A Sixty-Year Journey from Strain Isolation to Unlocking Its Potential of Rifamycin Analogue Production by Combinatorial Biosynthesis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2024; 87:424-438. [PMID: 38289177 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Ever since the isolation of Amycolatopsis mediterranei in 1957, this strain has been the focus of research worldwide. In the last 60 years or more, our understanding of the taxonomy, development of cloning vectors and conjugation system, physiology, genetics, genomics, and biosynthetic pathway of rifamycin B production in A. mediterranei has substantially increased. In particular, the development of cloning vectors, transformation system, characterization of the rifamycin biosynthetic gene cluster, and the regulation of rifamycin B production by the pioneering work of Heinz Floss have made the rifamycin polyketide biosynthetic gene cluster (PKS) an attractive target for extensive genetic manipulations to produce rifamycin B analogues which could be effective against multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis. Additionally, a better understanding of the regulation of rifamycin B production and the application of newer genomics tools, including CRISPR-assisted genome editing systems, might prove useful to overcome the limitations associated with low production of rifamycin analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utkarsh Sood
- Department of Zoology, Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
| | - Moritz Müller
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Stefan-Meier-Straße 19, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tian Lan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Gauri Garg
- Department of Zoology, Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
| | - Nirjara Singhvi
- School of Allied Sciences, Dev Bhoomi Uttarakhand University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India
| | - Princy Hira
- Department of Zoology, Maitreyi College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110003, India
| | - Priya Singh
- Department of Zoology, Maitreyi College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110003, India
| | - Aeshna Nigam
- Department of Zoology, Shivaji College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110027, India
| | - Mansi Verma
- Department of Zoology, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
| | - Pushp Lata
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
| | - Hardeep Kaur
- Department of Zoology, Ramjas College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
| | - Abhilash Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Ramjas College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
| | - Charu Dogra Rawat
- Department of Zoology, Ramjas College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
| | - Sukanya Lal
- PhiXGen Private Limited, Gurugram, Haryana-122001, India
| | - Courtney Aldrich
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Andreas Bechthold
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Stefan-Meier-Straße 19, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rup Lal
- PhiXGen Private Limited, Gurugram, Haryana-122001, India
- Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110019, India
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Musiol-Kroll EM, Tocchetti A, Sosio M, Stegmann E. Challenges and advances in genetic manipulation of filamentous actinomycetes - the remarkable producers of specialized metabolites. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 36:1351-1369. [PMID: 31517370 DOI: 10.1039/c9np00029a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to February 2019Actinomycetes are Gram positive bacteria of the phylum Actinobacteria. These organisms are one of the most important sources of structurally diverse, clinically used antibiotics and other valuable bioactive products, as well as biotechnologically relevant enzymes. Most strains were discovered by their ability to produce a given molecule and were often poorly characterized, physiologically and genetically. The development of genetic methods for Streptomyces and related filamentous actinomycetes has led to the successful manipulation of antibiotic biosynthesis to attain structural modification of microbial metabolites that would have been inaccessible by chemical means and improved production yields. Moreover, genome mining reveals that actinomycete genomes contain multiple biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), however only a few of them are expressed under standard laboratory conditions, leading to the production of the respective compound(s). Thus, to access and activate the so-called "silent" BGCs, to improve their biosynthetic potential and to discover novel natural products methodologies for genetic manipulation are required. Although different methods have been applied for many actinomycete strains, genetic engineering is still remaining very challenging for some "underexplored" and poorly characterized actinomycetes. This review summarizes the strategies developed to overcome the obstacles to genetic manipulation of actinomycetes and allowing thereby rational genetic engineering of this industrially relevant group of microorganisms. At the end of this review we give some tips to researchers with limited or no previous experience in genetic manipulation of actinomycetes. The article covers the most relevant literature published until February 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa M Musiol-Kroll
- University of Tübingen, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, Microbiology/Biotechnology, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, Tübingen, 72076, Germany.
| | | | | | - Evi Stegmann
- University of Tübingen, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, Microbiology/Biotechnology, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, Tübingen, 72076, Germany.
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Old and new glycopeptide antibiotics: From product to gene and back in the post-genomic era. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:534-554. [PMID: 29454983 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Glycopeptide antibiotics are drugs of last resort for treating severe infections caused by multi-drug resistant Gram-positive pathogens. First-generation glycopeptides (vancomycin and teicoplanin) are produced by soil-dwelling actinomycetes. Second-generation glycopeptides (dalbavancin, oritavancin, and telavancin) are semi-synthetic derivatives of the progenitor natural products. Herein, we cover past and present biotechnological approaches for searching for and producing old and new glycopeptide antibiotics. We review the strategies adopted to increase microbial production (from classical strain improvement to rational genetic engineering), and the recent progress in genome mining, chemoenzymatic derivatization, and combinatorial biosynthesis for expanding glycopeptide chemical diversity and tackling the never-ceasing evolution of antibiotic resistance.
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Marcone GL, Foulston L, Binda E, Marinelli F, Bibb M, Beltrametti F. Methods for the genetic manipulation of Nonomuraea sp. ATCC 39727. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 37:1097-103. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-010-0807-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Accepted: 08/04/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Marcone GL, Carrano L, Marinelli F, Beltrametti F. Protoplast preparation and reversion to the normal filamentous growth in antibiotic-producing uncommon actinomycetes. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2010; 63:83-8. [PMID: 20057514 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2009.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Protoplast preparation, regeneration and fusion represent essential tools for those poorly studied biotechnologically valuable microorganisms inapplicable with the current molecular biology protocols. The protoplast production and regeneration method developed for Planobispora rosea and using the combination of hen egg-white lysozyme (HEWL) and Streptomyces globisporus mutanolysin was applied to a set of antibiotic-producing filamentous actinomycetes belonging to the Streptosporangiaceae, Micromonosporaceae and Streptomycetaceae. 10(7)-10(9) protoplasts were obtained from 100 ml of culture, after incubation times in the digestion solution ranging from a few hours to 1 or 2 days depending on the strain. The efficiency of protoplast reversion to the normal filamentous growth varied from 0.1 to nearly 50%. Analysis of cell wall peptidoglycan in three representative strains (Nonomuraea sp. ATCC 39727, Actinoplanes teichomyceticus ATCC 31121 and Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)) has evidenced structural variations in the glycan strand and in the peptide chain, which may account for the different response to cell digestion and protoplast regeneration treatments.
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Malhotra S, Majumdar S, Kumar M, Bhasin VK, Gartemann KH, Lal R. Nucleotide sequence of plasmid pA387 ofAmycolatopsis benzoatilytica and construction of a conjugative shuttle vector. J Basic Microbiol 2008; 48:177-85. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.200700326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Beltrametti F, Barucco D, Rossi R, Selva E, Marinelli F. Protoplast Fusion and Gene Recombination in the Uncommon Actinomycete Planobispora rosea Producing GE2270. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2007; 60:447-54. [PMID: 17721003 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2007.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
An efficient method for protoplast generation for the uncommon actinomycete Planobispora rosea, the producer of the thiazolylpeptide antibiotic GE2270, was developed using a combination of hen egg white lysozyme and Streptomyces globisporus mutanolysin. This method converted more than 70% of vegetative mycelium to protoplasts, which were then regenerated with 50% efficiency in an optimized medium. When P. rosea protoplasts were efficiently fused, recombination between different antibiotic (streptomycin and gentamicin) resistance markers originated sensitive strains (str(s)gen(s)) at frequencies as high as 18% and double resistant fusants (str(r)gen(r)) at frequencies as high as 29%. Double resistant fusants showed GE2270 productivity intermediate between the productivity of the parental strains. Protoplast generation and fusion in P. rosea makes whole genome shuffling feasible as an approach to be used alternately with classical random mutagenesis in industrial strain improvement programs.
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Malhotra S, Lal R. The genus Amycolatopsis: Indigenous plasmids, cloning vectors and gene transfer systems. Indian J Microbiol 2007; 47:3-14. [PMID: 23100633 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-007-0003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2006] [Revised: 01/27/2007] [Accepted: 01/31/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Amycolatopsis is a member of the phylogenetic group nocardioform actinomycetes. Most of the members of the genus Amycolatopsis are known to produce antibiotics. Additionally, members of this genus have been reported to metabolize aromatic compounds as the sole sources of carbon and energy. Development of genetic manipulation in Amycolatopsis has progressed slowly due to paucity of genetic tools and methods. The occurrence of indigenous plasmids in different species of Amycolatopsis is not very common. Till date, only three indigenous plasmids viz., pMEA100, pMEA300 and pA387 have been reported in Amycolatopsis species. Various vectors based on the indigenous plasmids, pMEA100, pMEA300 and pA387, have been constructed. These vectors have proved useful for molecular genetics studies of actinomycetes. Molecular genetic work with Amycolatopsis strains is not easy, since transformation methods have to be developed, or at least optimized, for each particular strain. Nonetheless, methods for efficient transformation (polyethyleneglycol (PEG) induced protoplast transformation, transformation by electroporation and direct transformation) have been developed and used successfully for the introduction of DNA into several Amycolatopsis species. The construction of plasmid cloning vectors and the development of gene transfer systems has opened up possibilities for studying the molecular genetics of these bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Malhotra
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110 007 India
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Kelly WL, Townsend CA. Mutational analysis of nocK and nocL in the nocardicin a producer Nocardia uniformis. J Bacteriol 2005; 187:739-46. [PMID: 15629944 PMCID: PMC543527 DOI: 10.1128/jb.187.2.739-746.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2004] [Accepted: 09/29/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The nocardicins are a family of monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotics produced by the actinomycete Nocardia uniformis subsp. tsuyamanensis ATCC 21806. The most potent of this series is nocardicin A, containing a syn-configured oxime moiety, an uncommon feature in natural products. The nocardicin A biosynthetic gene cluster was recently identified and found to encode proteins in keeping with nocardicin A production, including the nocardicin N-oxygenase, NocL, in addition to genes of undetermined function, such as nocK, which bears similarities to a broad family of esterases. The latter was hypothesized to be involved in the formation of the critical beta-lactam ring. While previously shown to effect oxidation of the 2'-amine of nocardicin C to provide nocardicin A, it was uncertain whether NocL was the only N-oxidizing enzyme required for nocardicin A biosynthesis. To further detail the role of NocL in nocardicin production in N. uniformis, and to examine the function of nocK, a method for the transformation of N. uniformis protoplasts to inactivate both nocK and nocL was developed and applied. A reliable protocol is reported to achieve both insertional disruption and in trans complementation in this strain. While the nocK mutant still produced nocardicin A at levels near that seen for wild-type N. uniformis, and therefore has no obvious role in nocardicin biosynthesis, the nocL disruptant failed to generate the oxime-containing metabolite. Nocardicin A production was restored in the nocL mutant upon in trans expression of the gene. Furthermore, the nocL mutant accumulated the biosynthetic intermediate nocardicin C, confirming its role as the sole oxime-forming enzyme required for production of nocardicin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy L Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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Crawford DL. Development of recombinant Streptomyces for biotechnological and environmental uses. Biotechnol Adv 2004; 6:183-206. [PMID: 14541215 DOI: 10.1016/0734-9750(88)90004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant DNA techniques for manipulation of genes in Streptomyces are well developed, and currently there is a high level of activity among researchers interested in applying molecular cloning and protoplast fusion techniques to strain development within this commercially important group of bacteria. A number of efficient plasmid and phage vector systems are being used for the molecular cloning of genes, primarily those encoding antibiotic biosynthesis enzymes, but also for a variety of other bioactive proteins and enzymes of known or potential commercial value. In addition, cloning aimed at constructing specialized bioconversion strains for use in the production of chemicals from organic carbon substrates is underway in numerous laboratories. This review discusses the current status of research involving recombinant DNA technologies applied to biotechnological applications using Streptomyces. The topic of potential environmental uses of recombinant Streptomyces is also reviewed, as is the status of current research aimed at assessing the fate and effects of recombinant Streptomyces in the environment. Also summarized is recent research that has confirmed that genetic exchange occurs readily among Streptomyces in the soil environment and which has shown the potential for exchange between recombinant Streptomyces and native soil bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Crawford
- Department of Bacteriology and Biochemistry, Institute for Molecular and Agricultural Genetic Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83843, USA
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Dhingra G, Kumari R, Bala S, Majumdar S, Malhotra S, Sharma P, Lal S, Cullum J, Lal R. Development of cloning vectors and transformation methods for Amycolatopsis. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2003; 30:195-204. [PMID: 12687493 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-003-0040-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2002] [Accepted: 01/08/2003] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The genus Amycolatopsis is of industrial importance, as its species are known to produce commercial antibiotics. It belongs to the family Pseudonocardiaceae and has an eventful taxonomic history. Initially strains were identified as Streptomyces, then later as Nocardia. However, based on biochemical, morphological and molecular features, the genus Amycolatopsis, containing seventeen species, was created. The development of molecular genetic techniques for this group has been slow. The scarcity of molecular genetic tools including stable plasmids, antibiotic resistance markers, transposons, reporter genes, cloning vectors, and high efficiency transformation protocols has made progress slow, but efforts in the past decade have led to the development of cloning vectors and transformation methods for these organisms. Some of the cloning vectors have broad host range (pRL series) whereas others have limited host range (pMEA300 and pMEA100). The cloning vector pMEA300 has been completely sequenced, while only the minimal replicon (pA- rep) has been sequenced from pRL plasmids. Direct transformation of mycelia and electroporation are the most widely applicable methods for transforming species of Amycolatopsis. Conjugational transfer from Escherichia coli has been reported only in the species A. japonicum, and gene disruption and replacements using homologous recombination are now possible in some strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gauri Dhingra
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, University of Delhi, Department of Zoology, Delhi 110007, India
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Stegmann E, Pelzer S, Wilken K, Wohlleben W. Development of three different gene cloning systems for genetic investigation of the new species Amycolatopsis japonicum MG417-CF17, the ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid producer. J Biotechnol 2001; 92:195-204. [PMID: 11640989 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1656(01)00360-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
For the first time gene cloning systems have been developed for Amycolatopsis japonicum. Direct transformation, polyethyleneglycol (PEG) induced protoplast transformation and conjugal transfer was established for A. japonicum MG417-CF17, the ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid (EDDS) producer. The direct transformation procedure was modified to introduce DNA. The most important parameter for an efficient DNA uptake was the age of the culture. Using of mycelium from 36-h old cultures resulted in the highest transformation frequencies. Further, conditions for transformation of A. japonicum protoplasts were established. The efficiency of transformation depended mainly on the source of PEG and the components of the regeneration agar. The replicative plasmid pULVK2A carrying pA-rep and the apramycin resistance gene was transferred into the EDDS producer with a frequency of 0.38 colonies microg(-1) DNA by using the direct transformation procedure and with a frequency of 0.56 colonies microg(-1) DNA by using the PEG induced protoplast transformation. The plasmid was genetically stable, and could easily be reisolated from A. japonicum. We also demonstrated that conjugal transfer of the plasmid pSET152 from Escherichia coli ET12567 (pUB307) to Amycolatopsis spores is possible. The plasmid pSET152 integrated in the A. japonicum chromosome. A titre of 2.4 x 10(-4) exconjugants per recipient was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Stegmann
- Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Mikrobiologie/Biotechnologie, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Lal R, Kumari R, Kaur H, Khanna R, Dhingra N, Tuteja D. Regulation and manipulation of the gene clusters encoding type-I PKSs. Trends Biotechnol 2000; 18:264-74. [PMID: 10802562 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7799(00)01443-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Modular polyketide synthases are large, multifunctional enzyme complexes that are involved in the biosynthesis of important polyketides. Recent studies have revolutionized our understanding of the linear organization of polyketide-synthase-gene clusters. They have provided crucial information on the initiation, elongation and termination of polyketide chains, and thus a rational basis for the generation of novel compounds. Combinatorial libraries have helped this field to move from a random approach to a more empirical phase. The large number of diverse analogs of antibiotics that are presently produced demonstrate the enormous potential of combinatorial biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lal
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
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Tuteja D, Dua M, Khanna R, Dhingra N, Khanna M, Kaur H, Saxena DM, Lal R. The importance of homologous recombination in the generation of large deletions in hybrid plasmids in Amycolatopsis mediterranei. Plasmid 2000; 43:1-11. [PMID: 10610815 DOI: 10.1006/plas.1999.1426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The cloning vector pRL60 was developed previously as a tool for genetic manipulations in Amycolatopsis mediterranei, which produces the commercially and medicinally important antibiotic rifamycin. Here, a method based on intraplasmid recombinations is described for the construction of smaller plasmids in A. mediterranei, which also helped in delimiting the origin of replication (pA-rep) of the parent plasmid. The strategy involved the cloning of a selectable marker, erythromycin resistance gene (ermE), onto plasmids pULAM2 and pULVK2A (derivatives of pRL1), followed by selection of the hybrid or concatemeric plasmids pRL50 and pRL80 (with large homologous repeats) in Escherichia coli GM2163. These hybrid plasmids were then transferred to A. mediterranei DSM 40773 by electroporation, with selection in the presence of different antibiotics. During the process of transformation and selection in A. mediterranei, pRL50 and pRL80 underwent intraplasmid recombinations, yielding derivatives that retained a common region essential for maintenance and replication, as well as the selected resistance genes. This approach produced several smaller plasmids designated pRL51, pRL52, pRL53, pRL60, pRL81, and pRL82. These plasmids, isolated from A. mediterranei DSM 40773, could be transferred to different Amycolatopsis strains at transformation efficiencies ranging from 0.7 x 10(2) to 4 x 10(4) transformants/microg DNA. The electroporation parameters under which maximum transformation efficiencies were obtained varied from strain to strain. Since the isolation of plasmid DNA from Amycolatopsis strains were extremely difficult, a convenient and rapid method of direct transfer of plasmid DNA, i.e., electroduction, was also developed in which the above-described shuttle plasmids were transferred directly from A. mediterranei to E. coli. In addition, the sequence of the minimal (pA-rep, approximately 1.0 kb) of plasmid pRL51 was determined. The nucleotide base sequence of the pA-rep region did not have any clear similarity to the DNA or amino acid sequences in various databases, suggesting that it is unique.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Tuteja
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi-, 110007, India
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Hu Z, Hunziker D, Hutchinson CR, Khosla C. A host-vector system for analysis and manipulation of rifamycin polyketide biosynthesis in Amycolatopsis mediterranei. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 1999; 145 ( Pt 9):2335-2341. [PMID: 10517586 DOI: 10.1099/00221287-145-9-2335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Modular polyketide synthases (PKSs) are a large family of multifunctional enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of numerous bacterial natural products such as erythromycin and rifamycin. Advanced genetic analysis of these remarkable systems is often seriously hampered by the large size (>40 kb) of PKS gene clusters, and, notwithstanding their considerable fundamental and biotechnological significance, by the lack of suitable methods for engineering non-selectable modifications in chromosomally encoded PKS genes. The development of a facile host-vector strategy for genetic engineering of the rifamycin PKS in the producing organism, Amycolatopsis mediterranei S699, is described here. The genes encoding all 10 modules of the rifamycin PKS were replaced with a hygromycin-resistance marker gene. In a similar construction, only the first six modules of the PKS were replaced. The deletion hosts retained the ability to synthesize the primer unit 3-amino-5-hydroxybenzoic acid (AHBA), as judged by co-synthesis experiments with a mutant strain lacking AHBA synthase activity. Suicide plasmids carrying a short fragment from the 5' flanking end of the engineered deletion, an apramycin-resistance marker gene, and suitably engineered PKS genes could be introduced via electroporation into the deletion hosts, resulting in the integration of PKS genes and biosynthesis of a reporter polyketide in quantities comparable to those produced by the wild-type organism. Since this strategy for engineering recombinant PKSs in A. mediterranei requires only a selectable single crossover and eliminates the need for tedious non-selectable double-crossover experiments, it makes rifamycin PKS an attractive target for extensive genetic manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Hu
- Departments of Chemical Engineering1, Chemistry and Biochemistry2, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5025, USA
| | - Daniel Hunziker
- Departments of Chemical Engineering1, Chemistry and Biochemistry2, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5025, USA
| | - C Richard Hutchinson
- Departments of Chemical Engineering1, Chemistry and Biochemistry2, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5025, USA
| | - Chaitan Khosla
- Departments of Chemical Engineering1, Chemistry and Biochemistry2, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5025, USA
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Pelzer S, Süssmuth R, Heckmann D, Recktenwald J, Huber P, Jung G, Wohlleben W. Identification and analysis of the balhimycin biosynthetic gene cluster and its use for manipulating glycopeptide biosynthesis in Amycolatopsis mediterranei DSM5908. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999; 43:1565-73. [PMID: 10390204 PMCID: PMC89325 DOI: 10.1128/aac.43.7.1565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Seven complete genes and one incomplete gene for the biosynthesis of the glycopeptide antibiotic balhimycin were isolated from the producer, Amycolatopsis mediterranei DSM5908, by a reverse-cloning approach and characterized. Using oligonucleotides derived from glycosyltransferase sequences, a 900-bp glycosyltransferase gene fragment was amplified and used to identify a DNA fragment of 9,882 bp. Of the identified open reading frames, three (oxyA to -C) showed significant sequence similarities to cytochrome P450 monooxygenases and one (bhaA) showed similarities to halogenase, and the genes bgtfA to -C showed similarities to glycosyltransferases. Glycopeptide biosynthetic mutants were created by gene inactivation experiments eliminating oxygenase and glycosyltransferase functions. Inactivation of the oxygenase gene(s) resulted in a balhimycin mutant (SP1-1) which was not able to synthesize an antibiotically active compound. Structural analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, fragmentation studies, and amino acid analysis demonstrated that these oxygenases are involved in the coupling of the aromatic side chains of the unusual heptapeptide. Mutant strain HD1, created by inactivation of the glycosyltransferase gene bgtfB, produced at least four different compounds which were not glycosylated but still antibiotically active.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pelzer
- Mikrobiologie/Biotechnologie, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Khanna M, Dua M, Lal R. Selection of suitable marker genes for the development of cloning vectors and electroporation in different strains of Amycolatopsis mediterranei. Microbiol Res 1998; 153:205-11. [PMID: 9880927 DOI: 10.1016/s0944-5013(98)80002-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
To select suitable genetic markers for optimizing electroporation efficiency in Amycolatopsis mediterranei, thiostrepton (tsr), erythromycin (ermE) and apramycin (am) resistance genes were used. Although tsr could not be suitably expressed in A. mediterranei, the cloning of ermE in pRL1 or its derivative (containing am) resulted in the development of cloning vectors pRLM20, pRLM30 and pRL90. In contrast to tsr and km (kanamycin resistance gene), ermE and am were suitably expressed in A. mediterranei strains and no spontaneous mutants were observed among transformants. Under optimum conditions, maximum electroporation efficiency of 1.2 x 10(4) transformants/micrograms DNA was achieved for A. mediterranei DSM 40,773. These plasmids could also be effectively transferred in other strains of A. mediterranei including F1/24 and T-195. With the cloning of ermE and am and their expression in different strains of Amycolatopsis, we have overcome the problem of the choice of suitable selectable markers for A. mediterranei and related species.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Khanna
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, India.
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18
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Pelzer S, Reichert W, Huppert M, Heckmann D, Wohlleben W. Cloning and analysis of a peptide synthetase gene of the balhimycin producer Amycolatopsis mediterranei DSM5908 and development of a gene disruption/replacement system. J Biotechnol 1997; 56:115-28. [PMID: 9304873 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1656(97)00082-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A gene cloning system for Amycolatopsis mediterranei DSM5908, the producer of the glycopeptide antibiotic balhimycin, was developed for analysis of peptide synthetase genes. A modified direct transformation procedure was used to introduce DNA. The efficiency of DNA uptake depended on the age of the culture: mycelium of early stationary phase (52-55 h) cultures resulted in optimal transformation frequencies. Using the novel non-replicative integration vector pSP1, gene disruption plasmids were constructed. Highest integration frequencies were observed when the DNA was isolated from the dam/dcm Escherichia coli strain JM110. The efficiency of integration depended directly on the size of the cloned insert. Plasmids with fragments smaller than 1 kilobase (kb) were difficult to integrate. In gene replacement experiments a high double cross-over rate (31%) was demonstrated. Oligonucleotides derived from conserved regions of peptide synthetases were designed to identify balhimycin biosynthesis genes. Using these gene probes in plaque hybridization experiments, we identified peptide synthetase homologous DNA fragments in a lambda library of A. mediterranei. One peptide synthetase gene fragment was characterized by DNA sequencing and the results revealed a complete amino acid activating domain of a peptide synthetase gene, designated aps. The disruption of aps neither influenced balhimycin biosynthesis nor generated another apparent phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pelzer
- Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Germany
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19
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Matsushima P, Baltz RH. A gene cloning system for 'Streptomyces toyocaensis'. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 1996; 142 ( Pt 2):261-267. [PMID: 8932699 DOI: 10.1099/13500872-142-2-261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We explored different methods of introducing DNA into 'Streptomyces toyocaensis' and Streptomyces virginiae to construct stable recombinant strains. Plasmid pIJ702 isolated from Streptomyces lividans transformed protoplasts of 'S. toyocaensis' at a frequency of 7 x 10(3) transformants (mu g DNA)-1. pIJ702 prepared from 'S. toyocaensis' transformed 'S. toyocaensis' protoplasts at a frequency of 1 center dot 5 x 10(5) (mu g DNA)-1, suggesting that 'S. toyocaensis' expresses restriction and modification. Plasmid pRHB126 was transduced by bacteriophage FP43 into 'S. toyocaensis' at a frequency of 1.2 x 10(-6) (p.f.u)-1. Plasmids pOJ436 and pRHB304 were introduced into 'S. toyocaensis' by conjugation from Escherichia coli S17-1 at frequencies of about 2 x 10(-4) and 1 x 10(-4) per recipient, respectively. Analysis of several exconjugants indicated that pOJ436 and pRHB304 inserted into a unique phiC31 attB site and that some of the insertions had minimal deleterious effects on glycopeptide A47934 production. The results indicate that 'S. toyocaensis' is a suitable host for gene cloning, whereas S. virginiae does not appear to be.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patti Matsushima
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | - Richard H Baltz
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
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20
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Lal R, Khanna R, Kaur H, Khanna M, Dhingra N, Lal S, Gartemann KH, Eichenlaub R, Ghosh PK. Engineering antibiotic producers to overcome the limitations of classical strain improvement programs. Crit Rev Microbiol 1996; 22:201-55. [PMID: 8989512 DOI: 10.3109/10408419609105481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Improvement of the antibiotic yield of industrial strains is invariably the main target of industry-oriented research. The approaches used in the past were rational selection, extensive mutagenesis, and biochemical screening. These approaches have their limitations, which are likely to be overcome by the judicious application of recombinant DNA techniques. Efficient cloning vectors and transformation systems have now become available even for antibiotic producers that were previously difficult to manipulate genetically. The genes responsible for antibiotic biosynthesis can now be easily isolated and manipulated. In the first half of this review article, the limitations of classical strain improvement programs and the development of recombinant DNA techniques for cloning and analyzing genes responsible for antibiotic biosynthesis are discussed. The second half of this article addresses some of the major achievements, including the development of genetically engineered microbes, especially with reference to beta-lactams, anthracyclines, and rifamycins.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lal
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, India
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21
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Kumar CV, Coque JJ, Martín JF. Efficient Transformation of the Cephamycin C Producer
Nocardia lactamdurans
and Development of Shuttle and Promoter-Probe Cloning Vectors. Appl Environ Microbiol 1994; 60:4086-93. [PMID: 16349436 PMCID: PMC201940 DOI: 10.1128/aem.60.11.4086-4093.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A high transformation efficiency (1 × 10
5
to 7 × 10
5
transformants per μg of DNA) of
Nocardia lactamdurans
LC411 was obtained by direct treatment of mycelium with polyethylene glycol 1000 and cesium chloride. A variety of vectors from
Streptomyces lividans, Brevibacterium lactofermentum, Rhodococcus fascians
, and a
Nocardia (Amycolatopsis)
sp. were tested; transformants could be obtained only with vectors derived from an endogenous plasmid of the
Amycolatopsis
sp. strain DSM 43387. Vectors carrying the kanamycin resistance gene (
kan
) as a selective marker were constructed. The transformation procedure has been optimized by using one of these vectors (pULVK1) and studying the influence of the age of the culture, concentrations of cesium chloride and polyethylene glycol, amount of plasmid DNA, and nutrient supplementations of the growth medium. Versatile shuttle cloning vectors (pULVK2 and pULVK3) have been developed by subcloning the pBluescript KS(+) multiple cloning site or a synthetic polylinker containing several unique restriction sites (
Eco
RV,
Dra
I,
Bam
HI,
Sst
I,
Eco
RI, and
Hind
III). A second marker, the apramycin resistance gene (
amr
) has been added to the vectors (pULVK2A), allowing insertional inactivation of one of the markers while using the second one for selection. An alternative marker, the
amy
gene of
Streptomyces griseus
(pULAM2), which is easily detected by the release of extracellular amylase in transformants of
N. lactamdurans
carrying this vector, has been added. Two promoter-probe plasmids, pULVK4 and pULVK5, have been constructed, with the promoterless
xylE
gene as a reporter, for utilization in
N. lactamdurans
.
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Affiliation(s)
- C V Kumar
- Area of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of León, 24071 León, Spain
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22
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Kojic M, Topisirovic L, Vasiljevic B. Construction of improved vectors for gene cloning inMicromonospora melanosporea. Curr Microbiol 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01573207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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Abstract
Rifamycin is a clinically useful macrolide antibiotic produced by the gram positive bacterium Amycolatopsis mediterranei. This antibiotic is primarily used against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae, causative agents of tuberculosis and leprosy, respectively. In these bacteria, rifamycin treatment specifically inhibits the initiation of RNA synthesis by binding to beta-subunit of RNA polymerase. Apart from its activity against the bacteria, rifamycin has also been reported to inhibit reverse transcriptase (RT) of certain RNA viruses. Recently, rifamycin derivatives have been discovered that are effective against Mycobacterium avium, which is associated with the AIDS complex. Consequently, the importance of and demand for rifamycin has increased tremendously, the world over. In this article, recent trends in rifamycin research and accessibility of recombinant DNA techniques to increase rifamycin production are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lal
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, India
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24
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Gaudreau LR, Déry CV. A cloned replicon of Saccharopolyspora phages JHJ-1 and JHJ-3 is stably maintained as a plasmid in various actinomycetes. Gene 1993; 126:141-6. [PMID: 8472955 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(93)90603-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A replicon of phage JHJ-1 (and JHJ-3) was cloned. The autonomously replicating phage element was maintained as a medium-copy-number shuttle plasmid in many actinomycetes, and was efficiently transmitted to spores without antibiotic selection. One gene was shown to be expressed in a vector containing the JHJ-3 replicon.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Gaudreau
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
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25
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Gusek TW, Kinsella JE. Review of the Streptomyces lividans/vector pIJ702 system for gene cloning. Crit Rev Microbiol 1992; 18:247-60. [PMID: 1524674 DOI: 10.3109/10408419209113517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Interest in the biology of the Streptomyces and application of these soil bacteria to production of commercial antibiotics and enzymes has stimulated the development of efficient cloning techniques and a variety of streptomycete plasmid and phage vectors. Streptomyces lividans is routinely employed as a host for gene cloning, largely because this species recognizes a large number of promoters and appears to lack a restriction system. Vector pIJ702 was constructed from a variant of a larger autonomous plasmid and is often used as a cloning vehicle in conjunction with S. lividans. The host range of vector pIJ702 extends beyond Streptomyces spp., and its high copy number has been exploited for the overproduction of cloned gene products. This combination of host and vector has been used successfully to investigate antibiotic biosynthesis, gene structure and expression, and to map various Streptomyces mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- T W Gusek
- Institute of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
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26
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Efficient transformation ofMicromonospora melanosporea protoplasts byStreptomyces plasmid. Curr Microbiol 1991. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02104137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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27
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Hasegawa M, Dairi T, Ohta T, Hashimoto E. A novel, highly efficient gene-cloning system for Micromonospora strains. J Bacteriol 1991; 173:7004-11. [PMID: 1938902 PMCID: PMC209056 DOI: 10.1128/jb.173.21.7004-7011.1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A highly efficient gene-cloning system for Micromonospora olivasterospora, a producer of the antibiotic fortimicin A (astromicin), suited to shotgun cloning has been developed. The system is supported by two new advancements accomplished in this study. One is the construction of novel plasmid vectors pMO116, pMO126, pMO133, pMO136, and pMO217, all consisting of replicons from newly found Micromonospora plasmids and selectable markers cloned from a neomycin-producing Micromonospora strain. The other advancement is the establishment of a new protocol for bacterial protoplasting in which some kinds of sugar alcohols are added in precultures. Such sugar alcohols were found to sensitize a wide taxonomical range of bacteria to lysozyme. The system is reproducible and reliable and has a high efficiency of more than 10(6) CFU/micrograms of DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hasegawa
- Tokyo Research Laboratories, Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd., Japan
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28
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Madoń J, Hütter R. Transformation system for Amycolatopsis (Nocardia) mediterranei: direct transformation of mycelium with plasmid DNA. J Bacteriol 1991; 173:6325-31. [PMID: 1655706 PMCID: PMC208963 DOI: 10.1128/jb.173.20.6325-6331.1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A new procedure for transformation of Amycolatopsis (Nocardia) mediterranei LBG A3136 was developed. The method makes use of polyethylene glycol and alkaline cations and enables direct transformation of the A. mediterranei mycelium with high efficiency: more than 10(6) transformants per microgram of DNA were obtained. Transformation of A. mediterranei is stimulated by the ionophore antibiotic valinomycin and abolished by arsenate and p-chloromercuribenzenesulfonate. pMEA123, a vector based on the indigenous plasmid pMEA100 and containing the erythromycin resistance gene, was constructed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Madoń
- Institute of Microbiology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zürich
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29
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Abstract
FP43 is a temperate bacteriophage for Streptomyces griseofuscus that forms plaques on many Streptomyces species. FP43 virions contain 56 kb of double-strand DNA that is circularly permuted and terminally redundant, and contains 65% G + C. A physical map of the FP43 genome was constructed, and the origin for headful packaging (pac) was localized to an 8.8-kb region of the genome (hft) that mediates high-frequency transduction by FP43 of plasmid pRHB101. The phage attachment site (attP), a replication origin (rep), a region that inhibits plaque formation (pin), and a 3-kb deletion (rpt) that caused a 100-fold reduction in plasmid transduction were mapped.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Hahn
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285
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30
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Lal R, Lal S, Grund E, Eichenlaub R. Construction of a hybrid plasmid capable of replication in Amycolatopsis mediterranei. Appl Environ Microbiol 1991; 57:665-71. [PMID: 2039229 PMCID: PMC182777 DOI: 10.1128/aem.57.3.665-671.1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A new plasmid, pA387, has been isolated from "Amycolatopsis sp." (DSM 43387). This plasmid could be isolated from liquid culture as well as mycelium from agar plates by a modified procedure. Plasmid pA387 is about 29.6 kb and can be cured at low frequency by protoplasting and ethidium bromide and heat treatment. Hybridization experiments showed that this plasmid is present in free form and does not integrate into the chromosome. A hybrid plasmid was constructed by cloning a 5.1-kb fragment of pA387 into the Escherichia coli vector pDM10. This hybrid plasmid, termed pRL1, could be transformed into Amycolatopsis mediterranei and A. orientalis by electroporation. A transformation frequency of 2.2 x 10(3) transformants per micrograms of DNA at 12.5 kV/cm and a pulse duration of 10.8 ms was obtained in A. mediterranei, whereas 1.1 x 10(5) transformants per microgram of DNA were obtained at a field strength of 7.5 kV/cm and a pulse duration of 7.6 ms in A. orientalis. Plasmid pRL1 is the first hybrid plasmid which could be used successfully for the transformation of A. mediterranei. The plasmid has a rather high copy number, is genetically stable, and can be easily reisolated from A. mediterranei. Plasmid pRL1 will be useful for further construction of a shuttle vector for E. coli and A. mediterranei and becomes the basis for the development of gene cloning techniques in Amycolatopsis spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lal
- Lehrstuhl für Gentechnologie/Mikrobiologie, Fakultät für Biologie, Universität Bielefeld, Federal Republic of Germany
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31
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Kieser T, Hopwood DA. Genetic manipulation of Streptomyces: integrating vectors and gene replacement. Methods Enzymol 1991; 204:430-58. [PMID: 1943784 DOI: 10.1016/0076-6879(91)04023-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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32
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Tomich PK, Yagi Y. The Utility of Streptomycetes as Hosts for Gene Cloning. GENETIC ENGINEERING 1990; 12:53-72. [PMID: 1369276 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-0641-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P K Tomich
- Chemical and Biological Screening, Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, MI 49001
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33
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Matsushima P, Baltz RH. Streptomyces lipmanii expresses two restriction systems that inhibit plasmid transformation and bacteriophage plaque formation. J Bacteriol 1989; 171:3128-32. [PMID: 2722743 PMCID: PMC210025 DOI: 10.1128/jb.171.6.3128-3132.1989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophage host range studies suggested that several beta-lactam-producing streptomycetes express similar restriction-modification systems. Streptomyces lipmanii LE32 expressed two restriction-modification systems, designated SliI and SliII. A mutant strain, PM87, was defective only in SliI restriction but expressed both SliI and SliII modification. Streptomyces sp. strain A57986, a natural isolate partially deficient in the expression of SliI and SliII restriction, nevertheless modified bacteriophage DNA for both SliI and SliII specificities. Protoplasts of PM87 and A57986 were transformed by several plasmids, and the modified plasmids isolated from these strains transformed wild-type S. lipmanii efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Matsushima
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285
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34
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Hill RT, Illing N, Kirby R, Woods DR. Development of pLR591, a Streptomyces-Escherichia coli positive selection shuttle vector. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1989; 48:223-6. [PMID: 2656383 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1989.tb03303.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The Escherichia coli positive selection vector pEcoR251 was ligated with the broad host range, high copy number Streptomyces plasmid pIJ702 to produce pLR591, a Streptomyces-E. coli positive selection shuttle vector. The EcoRI and thiostrepton resistance genes of pLR591 were expressed in E. coli and Streptomyces lividans respectively. The positive selection shuttle vector pLR591 facilitates the construction in E. coli of genomic libraries which can be screened in Streptomyces strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- R T Hill
- Department of Microbiology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
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35
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McHenney MA, Baltz RH. Transduction of plasmid DNA in Streptomyces spp. and related genera by bacteriophage FP43. J Bacteriol 1988; 170:2276-82. [PMID: 3360743 PMCID: PMC211118 DOI: 10.1128/jb.170.5.2276-2282.1988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A segment (hft) of bacteriophage FP43 DNA cloned into plasmid pIJ702 mediated high-frequency transduction of the resulting plasmid (pRHB101) by FP43 in Streptomyces griseofuscus. The transducing particles contained linear concatemers of plasmid DNA. Lysates of FP43 prepared on S. griseofuscus containing pRHB101 also transduced many other Streptomyces species, including several that restrict plaque formation by FP43 and at least two that produce restriction endonucleases that cut pRHB101 DNA. Transduction efficiencies in different species were influenced by the addition of anti-FP43 antiserum to the transduction plates, the temperature for cell growth before transduction, the multiplicity of infection, and the host on which the transducing lysate was prepared. FP43 lysates prepared on S. griseofuscus(pRHB101) also transduced species of Streptoverticillium, Chainia, and Saccharopolyspora.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A McHenney
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285
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36
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2 Identification and Analysis of Plasmids at the Genetic Level. METHODS IN MICROBIOLOGY 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0580-9517(08)70069-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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37
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Matsushima P, Baltz RH. recA gene of Escherichia coli complements defects in DNA repair and mutagenesis in Streptomyces fradiae JS6 (mcr-6). J Bacteriol 1987; 169:4834-6. [PMID: 3308856 PMCID: PMC213863 DOI: 10.1128/jb.169.10.4834-4836.1987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptomyces fradiae JS6 (mcr-6) is a mutant which is defective in repair of DNA damage induced by a variety of chemical mutagens and UV light. JS6 is also defective in error-prone (mutagenic) DNA repair (J. Stonesifer and R. H. Baltz, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82:1180-1183, 1985). The recA gene of Escherichia coli, cloned in a bifunctional vector that replicates in E. coli and Streptomyces spp., complemented the mutation in S. fradiae JS6, indicating that E. coli and S. fradiae express similar SOS responses and that the mcr+ gene product of S. fradiae is functionally analogous to the protein encoded by the recA gene of E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Matsushima
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285
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