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Rahimzadeh F, Ghadam P, Kasra-Kermanshahi R, Zarrabi M. In-situ production of silver nanobiocomposite using surface layer protein of Lactobacillus helveticus and aqueous extract of dried Juglans regia green husk and investigation of antibacterial activity. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03895-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Dietary Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 Relieves the Impacts of Aflatoxin B 1 Toxicity on the Growth Performance, Hepatorenal Functions, and Antioxidative Capacity of Thinlip Grey Mullet (Liza ramada) (Risso 1826). Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2022; 14:189-203. [PMID: 35048326 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09888-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Dietary Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 was used to relieve the impacts of aflatoxin B1 toxicity on the performances of Liza ramada. The control diet was without any additives, while the second and third diets were supplemented with aflatoxin B1 at 0.5 and 1 mg/kg. The fourth diet was supplemented with Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356 at 1 × 106 CFU/mL per kg diet, while the fifth with aflatoxin B1 at 1 mg/kg and Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356 at 1 × 106 CFU/mL per kg diet. The growth performance markedly increased (p < 0.05) in L. ramada fed Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356, while aflatoxin B1 at 0.5 and 1 mg/kg groups showed a severe reduction. The red blood cells, hemoglobulin, hematocrit, and white blood cells were markedly increased in L. ramada fed Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356 while decreased (p < 0.05) in fish fed aflatoxin B1 at 0.5 and 1 mg/kg. The blood total protein and albumin were markedly increased (p < 0.05) in L. ramada fed Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356 while reduced in aflatoxin B1 at 0.5 and 1 mg/kg groups. The levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides were meaningfully increased in fish of the Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356 and aflatoxin B1 at 1 mg/kg groups while decreased in aflatoxin B1 at 0.5 and 1 mg/kg groups. Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, and urea levels were markedly decreased (p < 0.05) in fish-fed Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356 while increased in aflatoxin B1 at 0.5 and 1 mg/kg groups. The highest levels of blood glucose and cortisol were seen in fish contaminated with aflatoxin B1 at 1 mg/kg, while the lowest levels were observed in the fish fed Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356 group (p < 0.05). The catalase and superoxide dismutase were markedly enhanced in the Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356 group and severely declined in aflatoxin B1 at 0.5 and 1 mg/kg groups (p < 0.05). The malondialdehyde level was markedly reduced in fish fed Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356 with or without aflatoxin B1 at 1 mg/kg diets while increased in fish contaminated with aflatoxin B1 at 0.5 and 1 mg/kg (p < 0.05). The control group had lower malondialdehyde levels than the aflatoxin B1 at 1 mg/kg group and higher than the Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356 with or without aflatoxin B1 toxicity (p < 0.05). Histopathological examination revealed impaired intestines and livers in fish contaminated with aflatoxin B1 while Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356 relieves the inflammation and protected the intestines and livers. In conclusion, dietary Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356 is recommended to relieve the impacts of aflatoxicosis-induced hepatorenal failure and oxidative stress in L. ramada.
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Yu Y, Zong M, Lao L, Wen J, Pan D, Wu Z. Adhesion properties of the cell surface proteins in Lactobacillus strains under the GIT environment. Food Funct 2022; 13:3098-3109. [DOI: 10.1039/d1fo04328e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) play an essential role in the epithelial barrier and the gut immune system. It can antagonize pathogens by producing antimicrobial substances like bacteriocins, and compete with...
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Fakhry SS, Rashid FA, Khudiar MM, Ismail LA, Ismail SK, Kazem RJ. Characterization of Lactobacillus species proposed as probiotics. POTRAVINARSTVO 2021. [DOI: 10.5219/1479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An isolated Lactobacillus from several various sources were identified depending on morphological, microscopically and biochemical tests in vitro analysis of probiotic properties that included: an ability to tolerate in different concentration of bile salt, survival in acidic conditions, their antimicrobial activity, and S-layer characterizations were carried out. It was noticed that isolates of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and L. delbrueckii have a broad activity of antimicrobial and found the isolate L. rhamnosus represented with a survival percentage 6.9% at pH 4.5 and 5.1% at pH 2.0) also L. rhamnosus (5.7% at pH 4.5 and 4.9% at pH 2.0) tolerated acidic media, Lactobacillus spp. has antimicrobial activity against all gram-positive and negative tested isolates. 70 kDa of S-layer protein bands were detected with whole-cell SDS-PAGE analysis, and it's predominant in cells of isolates which grown in MRS broth anaerobically. It was noticed that the collected Lactobacillus isolates could be used as probiotic.
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Kobatake E, Kabuki T. S-Layer Protein of Lactobacillus helveticus SBT2171 Promotes Human β-Defensin 2 Expression via TLR2-JNK Signaling. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2414. [PMID: 31681252 PMCID: PMC6813279 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides that contribute to innate immunity are among the most important protective measures against infection in many organisms. Several substances are known to regulate the expression of antimicrobial peptides. In this study, we investigated the factors in lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that induce antimicrobial peptide expression in the host. We found that Lactobacillus helveticus SBT2171 (LH2171) induced the expression of human β-defensin (hBD)2 in Caco-2 human colonic epithelial cells. Specifically, surface layer protein (SLP) of LH2171 stimulated hBD2 expression by activating c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling via Toll-like receptor (TLR)2 in Caco-2 cells. SLPs extracted from other lactobacilli similarly increased hBD2 expression, suggesting that this stimulatory effect is common feature of Lactobacillus SLPs. Interestingly, Lactobacillus strains that strongly induced hBD2 expression also potently activated JNK signaling. Thus, upregulation of hBD2 induced by TLR2–JNK signaling contributes to protection of the host against infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Kobatake
- Milk Science Research Institute, Megmilk Snow Brand Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Toshihide Kabuki
- Milk Science Research Institute, Megmilk Snow Brand Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
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Luo G, Yang Q, Yao B, Tian Y, Hou R, Shao A, Li M, Feng Z, Wang W. Slp-coated liposomes for drug delivery and biomedical applications: potential and challenges. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:1359-1383. [PMID: 30863066 PMCID: PMC6388732 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s189935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Slp forms a crystalline array of proteins on the outermost envelope of bacteria and archaea with a molecular weight of 40-200 kDa. Slp can self-assemble on the surface of liposomes in a proper environment via electrostatic interactions, which could be employed to functionalize liposomes by forming Slp-coated liposomes for various applications. Among the molecular characteristics, the stability, adhesion, and immobilization of biomacromolecules are regarded as the most meaningful. Compared to plain liposomes, Slp-coated liposomes show excellent physicochemical and biological stabilities. Recently, Slp-coated liposomes were shown to specifically adhere to the gastrointestinal tract, which was attributed to the "ligand-receptor interaction" effect. Furthermore, Slp as a "bridge" can immobilize functional biomacromol-ecules on the surface of liposomes via protein fusion technology or intermolecular forces, endowing liposomes with beneficial functions. In view of these favorable features, Slp-coated liposomes are highly likely to be an ideal platform for drug delivery and biomedical uses. This review aims to provide a general framework for the structure and characteristics of Slp and the interactions between Slp and liposomes, to highlight the unique properties and drug delivery as well as the biomedical applications of the Slp-coated liposomes, and to discuss the ongoing challenges and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingliang Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,
| | - Bingpeng Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,
- Department of Green Pharmaceutics, Jianxing Honors College, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yangfan Tian
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruixia Hou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,
| | - Anna Shao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,
| | - Mengting Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,
| | - Zilin Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,
| | - Wenxi Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,
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Suzuki S, Yokota K, Igimi S, Kajikawa A. Comparative analysis of immunological properties of S-layer proteins isolated from Lactobacillus strains. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2019; 165:188-196. [PMID: 30620267 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that some Lactobacillus S-layer proteins could modulate immune responses. Primary structures of the S-layer proteins are variable, and their immunological differences are poorly understood. In this study, we evaluated the immunological properties of eight distinct S-layer proteins from different Lactobacillus species. We found that removal of the S-layer proteins from the cell surface reduced the immunological activities of Lactobacillus cells in THP-1 cells. Furthermore, the purified S-layer proteins induced the production of IL-12 p40, although their immunological activities varied between the different S-layer proteins. The production of IL-12 p40 was notably induced by the S-layer protein SLP(aly) from Lactobacillus amylolyticus NRIC 0558T. Multiple sequence alignment revealed that the percent identity of the S-layer proteins of the eight strains vary from 10 to 90 %. In particular, N-terminal regions showed high levels of diversity. To obtain more information about their structure and the immunogenicity, truncated and chimeric S-layer proteins were constructed in recombinant E. coli. Profiling of cytokine production in THP-1 cells by truncated and chimeric S-layer proteins suggested that the intact conformation of the N-terminal region of SLP(aly) contributes to high immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunya Suzuki
- 1Department of Applied Biology and Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Kenji Yokota
- 1Department of Applied Biology and Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Shizunobu Igimi
- 1Department of Applied Biology and Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Akinobu Kajikawa
- 2+810354772327.,1Department of Applied Biology and Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
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Guo Y, Li X, Yang Y, Wu Z, Zeng X, Nadari F, Pan D. Molecular cloning, expression and adhesion analysis of silent slpB of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM. AMB Express 2018; 8:103. [PMID: 29936673 PMCID: PMC6015585 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-018-0631-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The slpB gene of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM, which differs from the slpA gene and is silent under normal conditions, was successfully amplified and ligated to the corresponding available sites on a recombinant pET-28a vector. Then the pET-28a-slpB vector was transformed into Escherichia coli DH (DE3) and the fusion His-slpB protein was expressed by induction with 1 mM IPTG for 14 h at 37 °C. The resulting His-slpB protein (SB) had a relative molecular weight of 48 kDa. It was purified using a Ni-NTA column and was confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and western blot contrastive analysis. The slpA protein (SA) from L. acidophilus NCFM was extracted and purified. It had a relative molecular weight of 46 kDa. Circular dichroism measurements suggested that the two S-layer proteins had a high β-sheet content and a low α-helix structure content. In an adhesion experiment, SA displayed higher adhesive capability towards Caco-2 cells than did SB. The results suggest that these two S-layer proteins could have biotechnological applications.
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Identification and analysis of the function of surface layer proteins from three Lactobacillus strains. ANN MICROBIOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-018-1335-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Yadav AK, Tyagi A, Kumar A, Panwar S, Grover S, Saklani AC, Hemalatha R, Batish VK. Adhesion of Lactobacilli and their anti-infectivity potential. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:2042-2056. [PMID: 25879917 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2014.918533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The probiotic potential of lactic acid bacteria primarily point toward colonizing ability of Lactobacilli as the most important attribute for endowing all the known beneficial effects in a host. Lactobacillus species exert health-promoting function in the gastrointestinal tract through various mechanisms such as pathogen exclusion, maintenance of microbial balance, immunomodulation, and other crucial functions. It has been seen that many surface layer proteins are involved in host adhesion, and play significant role in the modification of some signaling pathways within the host cells. Interaction between different bacterial cell surface proteins and host receptor has been imperative for a better understanding of the mechanism through which Lactobacilli exert their health-promoting functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar Yadav
- a Department of Microbiology , National Institute of Nutrition , Hyderabad , India.,b Centre for Molecular Biology, Central University of Jammu , Samba , Jammu & Kashmir , India
| | - Ashish Tyagi
- c Molecular Biology Unit, Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute , Karnal , Haryana , India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- d Department of Biotechnology , Seth Jai Parkash Mukand Lal Institute of Engineering and Technology , Radaur , Yamuna Nagar , Haryana , India.,e Department of Nutrition Biology , Central University of Haryana , Mahendergarh , Haryana , India
| | - Surbhi Panwar
- d Department of Biotechnology , Seth Jai Parkash Mukand Lal Institute of Engineering and Technology , Radaur , Yamuna Nagar , Haryana , India
| | - Sunita Grover
- c Molecular Biology Unit, Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute , Karnal , Haryana , India
| | | | - Rajkumar Hemalatha
- a Department of Microbiology , National Institute of Nutrition , Hyderabad , India
| | - Virender Kumar Batish
- c Molecular Biology Unit, Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute , Karnal , Haryana , India
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Extraction of Lactobacillus acidophilus CICC 6074 S-Layer Proteins and Their Ability to Inhibit Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. Curr Microbiol 2017; 74:1123-1129. [PMID: 28687945 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-017-1291-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
An adhesion-related protein of Lactobacillus acidophilus strain CICC 6074 involved in binding to Caco-2 cells and inhibiting Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) was isolated and characterized. The S-layer protein was extracted with 5M LiCl and the active fraction purified by gel filtration (G-75). The S-layer protein was visualized by SDS-PAGE and characterized by estimating the relative molecular weight using mass spectra. The inhibitory effect of L. acidophilus and its S-layer proteins on the ability of EPEC to adhere to cells was explored by using a Caco-2 cell model. The results suggest that the S-layer proteins of L. acidophilus are adhesive in nature and are involved in the competitive exclusion of EPEC from Caco-2 cells.
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12
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Gao X, Huang L, Zhu L, Mou C, Hou Q, Yu Q. Inhibition of H9N2 Virus Invasion into Dendritic Cells by the S-Layer Protein from L. acidophilus ATCC 4356. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2016; 6:137. [PMID: 27826541 PMCID: PMC5078685 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are essential for the prevention of virus invasion and the maintenance of the immune balance. However, the mechanism of competition between probiotics and virus are unknown. The objectives of this study were to isolate the surface layer (S-layer) protein from L. acidophilus ATCC 4356 as a new antiviral material, to evaluate the stimulatory effects of the S-layer protein on mouse dendritic cells (DCs) and to verify its ability to inhibit the invasion of H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) in DCs. We found that the S-layer protein induced DCs activation and up-regulated the IL-10 secretion. The invasion and replication of the H9N2 virus in mouse DCs was successfully demonstrated. However, the invasion of H9N2 virus into DCs could be inhibited by treatment with the S-layer protein prior to infection, which was verified by the reduced hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) mRNA expression, and nucleoprotein (NP) protein expression in the DCs. Furthermore, treatment with the S-layer protein increases the Mx1, Isg15, and Ddx58 mRNA expressions, and remits the inflammatory process to inhibit H9N2 AIV infection. In conclusion, the S-layer protein stimulates the activation of mouse DCs, inhibits H9N2 virus invasion of DCs, and stimulates the IFN-I signaling pathway. Thus, the S-layer protein from Lactobacillus is a promising biological antiviral material for AIV prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China
| | - Lulu Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China
| | - Liqi Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China
| | - Chunxiao Mou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China
| | - Qihang Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China
| | - Qinghua Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China
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Truncation Derivatives of the S-Layer Protein of Sporosarcina ureae ATCC 13881 (SslA): Towards Elucidation of the Protein Domain Responsible for Self-Assembly. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21091117. [PMID: 27563868 PMCID: PMC6272907 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21091117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell surface of Sporosarcina ureae ATCC 13881 is covered by an S-layer (SslA) consisting of identical protein subunits that assemble into lattices exhibiting square symmetry. In this work the self-assembly properties of the recombinant SslA were characterised with an emphasis on the identification of protein regions responsible for self-assembly. To this end, recombinant mature SslA (aa 31-1097) and three SslA truncation derivatives (one N-terminal, one C-terminal and one CN-terminal) were produced in a heterologous expression system, isolated, purified and their properties analysed by in vitro recrystallisation experiments on a functionalised silicon wafer. As a result, recombinant mature SslA self-assembled into crystalline monolayers with lattices resembling the one of the wild-type SslA. The study identifies the central protein domain consisting of amino acids 341-925 self-sufficient for self-assembly. Neither the first 341 amino acids nor the last 172 amino acids of the protein sequence are required to self-assemble into lattices.
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Zhu C, Guo G, Ma Q, Zhang F, Ma F, Liu J, Xiao D, Yang X, Sun M. Diversity in S-layers. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 123:1-15. [PMID: 27498171 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Surface layers, referred simply as S-layers, are the two-dimensional crystalline arrays of protein or glycoprotein subunits on cell surface. They are one of the most common outermost envelope components observed in prokaryotic organisms (Archaea and Bacteria). Over the past decades, S-layers have become an issue of increasing interest due to their ubiquitousness, special features and functions. Substantial work in this field provides evidences of an enormous diversity in S-layers. This paper reviews and illustrates the diversity from several different aspects, involving the S-layer-carrying strains, the structure of S-layers, the S-layer proteins and genes, as well as the functions of S-layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaohua Zhu
- College of Environment and Plant protection, Hainan University/Key Laboratory of Protection and Development Utilization of Tropical Crop Germplasm Resources (Hainan University), Ministry of Education, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, PR China
| | - Gang Guo
- Haikou Experimental Station/Hainan Key Laboratory of Banana Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 570102, Hainan, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, PR China
| | - Qiqi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, PR China
| | - Fengjuan Zhang
- Haikou Experimental Station/Hainan Key Laboratory of Banana Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 570102, Hainan, PR China
| | - Funing Ma
- Haikou Experimental Station/Hainan Key Laboratory of Banana Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 570102, Hainan, PR China
| | - Jianping Liu
- Division of Functional Genomics, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics (MBB), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Dao Xiao
- Haikou Experimental Station/Hainan Key Laboratory of Banana Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 570102, Hainan, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Yang
- College of Environment and Plant protection, Hainan University/Key Laboratory of Protection and Development Utilization of Tropical Crop Germplasm Resources (Hainan University), Ministry of Education, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, PR China
| | - Ming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, PR China.
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Willson BJ, Kovács K, Wilding-Steele T, Markus R, Winzer K, Minton NP. Production of a functional cell wall-anchored minicellulosome by recombinant Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2016; 9:109. [PMID: 27222664 PMCID: PMC4877998 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-016-0526-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of fossil fuels is no longer tenable. Not only are they a finite resource, their use is damaging the environment through pollution and global warming. Alternative, environmentally friendly, renewable sources of chemicals and fuels are required. To date, the focus has been on using lignocellulose as a feedstock for microbial fermentation. However, its recalcitrance to deconstruction is making the development of economic processes extremely challenging. One solution is the generation of an organism suitable for use in consolidated bioprocessing (CBP), i.e. one able to both hydrolyse lignocellulose and ferment the released sugars, and this represents an important goal for synthetic biology. We aim to use synthetic biology to develop the solventogenic bacterium C. acetobutylicum as a CBP organism through the introduction of a cellulosome, a complex of cellulolytic enzymes bound to a scaffold protein called a scaffoldin. In previous work, we were able to demonstrate the in vivo production of a C. thermocellum-derived minicellulosome by recombinant strains of C. acetobutylicum, and aim to develop on this success, addressing potential issues with the previous strategy. RESULTS The genes for the cellulosomal enzymes Cel9G, Cel48F, and Xyn10A from C. cellulolyticum were integrated into the C. acetobutylicum genome using Allele-Coupled Exchange (ACE) technology, along with a miniscaffoldin derived from C. cellulolyticum CipC. The possibility of anchoring the recombinant cellulosome to the cell surface using the native sortase system was assessed, and the cellulolytic properties of the recombinant strains were assayed via plate growth, batch fermentation and sugar release assays. CONCLUSIONS We have been able to demonstrate the synthesis and in vivo assembly of a four-component minicellulosome by recombinant C. acetobutylicum strains. Furthermore, we have been able to anchor a minicellulosome to the C. acetobutylicum cell wall by the use of the native sortase system. The recombinant strains display an improved growth phenotype on xylan and an increase in released reducing sugar from several substrates including untreated powdered wheat straw. This constitutes an important milestone towards the development of a truly cellulolytic strain suitable for CBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J. Willson
- />Clostridia Research Group, BBSRC/EPSRC Synthetic Biology Research Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD UK
| | - Katalin Kovács
- />Clostridia Research Group, BBSRC/EPSRC Synthetic Biology Research Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD UK
| | - Tom Wilding-Steele
- />Clostridia Research Group, BBSRC/EPSRC Synthetic Biology Research Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD UK
| | - Robert Markus
- />SLIM Imaging Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD UK
| | - Klaus Winzer
- />Clostridia Research Group, BBSRC/EPSRC Synthetic Biology Research Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD UK
| | - Nigel P. Minton
- />Clostridia Research Group, BBSRC/EPSRC Synthetic Biology Research Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD UK
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16
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S-layer production by Lactobacillus acidophilus IBB 801 under environmental stress conditions. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:4573-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7355-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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17
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Lin J, Zou Y, Ma C, Liang Y, Ge X, Chen Z, She Q. Construction and characterization of three protein-targeting expression system in Lactobacillus casei. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2016; 363:fnw041. [PMID: 26892019 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnw041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that the β-1,4-Mannanase (manB) gene from Bacillus pumilus functions as a good reporter gene in Lactobacillus casei. Two vectors were constructed. One carries the signal peptide of secretion protein Usp45 (SPUsp45) from Lactococcus lactis (pELSH), and the other carries the full-length S-layer protein, SlpA, from L. acidophilus (pELWH). In this work, another vector, pELSPH, was constructed to include the signal peptide of protein SlpA (SPSlpA), and the capacity of all three vectors to drive expression of the manB gene in L. casei was evaluated. The results showed that SPUsp45 is functionally recognized and processed by the L. casei secretion machinery. The SPUsp45-mediated secretion efficiency was ∼87%, and SPSlpA drove the export of secreted ManB with ∼80% efficiency. SPSlpA secretion was highly efficient, and expressed SlpA was anchored to the cell wall by an unknown secretion mechanism. Full-length SlpA drove the cell wall-anchored expression of an SlpA-ManB fusion protein but at a much lower level than that of protein SlpA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Technology Center of Bright Dairy and Food Co., Ltd., 1518 Jiangchang Road (W), Shanghai 200436, China
| | - Yexia Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chengjie Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Technology Center of Bright Dairy and Food Co., Ltd., 1518 Jiangchang Road (W), Shanghai 200436, China
| | - Yunxiang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiangyang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhengjun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qunxin She
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Biocenter, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
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Asadi N, Chand N, Rassa M. Crystalline Bacterial Surface Layer (S-Layer) Opens Golden Opportunities for Nanobiotechnology in Textiles. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2015; 14:952-9. [PMID: 26552090 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2015.2495143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This study focuses on the successful recrystallization of bacterial S-layer arrays of the Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 at textile surfaces to create a novel method and material. Optimum bacterial growth was obtained at approximately 45 °C, pH 5.0, and 14 h pi. The cells were resuspended in guanidine hydrochloride and the 43 kDa S-protein was dialyzed and purified. The optimum reassembly on the polypropylene fabric surface in terms of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), reflectance, and uniformity (spectrophotometry) was obtained at 30 °C, pH 5.0 for 30 minutes in the presence of 2 gr/l (liquor ratio; 1:40) of the S-protein. Overall, our data showed that the functional aspects and specialty applications of the fabric would be very attractive for the textile and related sciences, and result in advanced technical textiles.
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Meng J, Gao SM, Zhang QX, Lu RR. Murein hydrolase activity of surface layer proteins from Lactobacillus acidophilus against Escherichia coli. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 79:527-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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20
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Yadav AK, Tyagi A, Kumar A, Saklani AC, Grover S, Batish VK. Adhesion of indigenous Lactobacillus plantarum to gut extracellular matrix and its physicochemical characterization. Arch Microbiol 2014; 197:155-64. [PMID: 25212764 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-014-1034-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2014] [Revised: 08/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Adhesion to the human intestinal epithelial cell is considered as one of the important selection criteria of lactobacilli for probiotic attributes. Sixteen Lactobacillus plantarum strains from human origins were subjected for adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM) components, and their physiochemical characterization, incubation time course and effect of different pH on bacterial adhesion in vitro were studied. Four strains showed significant binding to both fibronectin and mucin. After pretreatment with pepsin and trypsin, the bacterial adhesion to ECM reduced to the level of 50 % and with lysozyme significantly decreased by 65-70 %. Treatment with LiCl also strongly inhibited (90 %) the bacterial adhesion to ECM. Tested strains showed highest binding efficacy at time course of 120 and 180 min. Additionally, the binding of Lp91 to ECM was highest at pH 6 (155 ± 2.90 CFU/well). This study proved that surface layer components are proteinaceous in nature, which contributed in adhesion of lactobacillus strains. Further, the study can provide a better platform for introduction of new indigenous probiotic strains having strong adhesion potential for future use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar Yadav
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India,
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21
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Meng J, Zhu X, Gao SM, Zhang QX, Sun Z, Lu RR. Characterization of surface layer proteins and its role in probiotic properties of three Lactobacillus strains. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 65:110-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Qin J, Wang X, Kong J, Ma C, Xu P. Construction of a food-grade cell surface display system for Lactobacillus casei. Microbiol Res 2014; 169:733-40. [PMID: 24598012 PMCID: PMC7126567 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a food-grade cell surface display host/vector system for Lactobacillus casei was constructed. The food-grade host L. casei Q-5 was a lactose-deficient derivative of L. casei ATCC 334 obtained by plasmid elimination. The food-grade cell surface display vector was constructed based on safe DNA elements from lactic acid bacteria containing the following: pSH71 replicon from Lactococcus lactis, lactose metabolism genes from L. casei ATCC 334 as complementation markers, and surface layer protein gene from Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 for cell surface display. The feasibility of the new host/vector system was verified by the expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) on L. casei. Laser scanning confocal microscopy and immunofluorescence analysis using anti-GFP antibody confirmed that GFP was anchored on the surface of the recombinant cells. The stability of recombinant L. casei cells in artificial gastrointestinal conditions was verified, which is beneficial for oral vaccination applications. These results indicate that the food-grade host/vector system can be an excellent antigen delivery vehicle in oral vaccine construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayang Qin
- College of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiuwen Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Cuiqing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Role of surface layer collagen binding protein from indigenous Lactobacillus plantarum 91 in adhesion and its anti-adhesion potential against gut pathogen. Microbiol Res 2013; 168:639-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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24
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Pervaiz S, Shaheen T, Shaheen S, Dar N, Samra Z. Purification, characterization and preparation immunomatrixes of S-layer proteins of Thermobifida fusca. J Appl Microbiol 2013; 115:735-43. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Pervaiz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology; University of the Punjab; Lahore Pakistan
| | - T. Shaheen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology; University of the Punjab; Lahore Pakistan
| | - S. Shaheen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology; University of the Punjab; Lahore Pakistan
| | - N. Dar
- Department of Biology; Jinnah Degree College for Women; Lahore Pakistan
| | - Z.Q. Samra
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology; University of the Punjab; Lahore Pakistan
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25
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Isolation and Identification of Lactobacilli From Cheese, Yoghurt and Silage by 16S rDNA Gene and Study of Bacteriocin and Biosurfactant Production. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2012. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.3444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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26
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Anisimova NY, Dolzhikova YI, Davankov VA, Pastukhov AV, Miljaeva SI, Senatov FS, Kiselevsky MV. Prospects for the application of biporous sorbents based on hypercrosslinked styrene polymers for the prevention and treatment of systemic purulent-septic complications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s1995078012030020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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27
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Sun Z, Kong J, Hu S, Kong W, Lu W, Liu W. Characterization of a S-layer protein from Lactobacillus crispatus K313 and the domains responsible for binding to cell wall and adherence to collagen. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 97:1941-52. [PMID: 22526799 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4044-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Revised: 03/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
It was previously shown that the surface (S)-layer proteins covering the cell surface of Lactobacillus crispatus K313 were involved in the adherence of this strain to human intestinal cell line HT-29. To further elucidate the structures and functions of S-layers, three putative S-layer protein genes (slpA, slpB, and slpC) of L. crispatus K313 were amplified by PCR, sequenced, and characterized in detail. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis reveals that slpA was silent under the tested conditions; whereas slpB and slpC, the putative amino acid sequences which exhibited minor similarities to the previously reported S-layer proteins in L. crispatus, were actively expressed. slpB, which was predominantly expressed in L. crispatus K313, was further investigated for its functional domains. Genetic truncation of the untranslated leader sequence (UTLS) of slpB results in a reduction in protein production, indicating that the UTLS contributed to the efficient S-layer protein expression. By producing a set of N- and C-terminally truncated recombinant SlpB proteins in Escherichia coli, the cell wall-binding region was mapped to the C terminus, where rSlpB(380-501) was sufficient for binding to isolated cell wall fragments. Moreover, the binding ability of the C terminus was variable among the Lactobacillus species (S-layer- and non-S-layer-producing strains), and teichoic acid may be acting as the receptor of SlpB. To determine the adhesion region of SlpB to extracellular matrix proteins, ELISA was performed. Binding to immobilized types I and IV collagen was observed with the His-SlpB(1-379) peptides, suggesting that the extracellular matrix protein-binding domain was located in the N terminus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
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28
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Li P, Yu Q, Ye X, Wang Z, Yang Q. Lactobacillus S-layer protein inhibition of Salmonella-induced reorganization of the cytoskeleton and activation of MAPK signalling pathways in Caco-2 cells. Microbiology (Reading) 2011; 157:2639-2646. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.049148-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Surface layer (S-layer) proteins are crystalline arrays of proteinaceous subunits that are present as the outermost component of the cell wall in several Lactobacillus species. The S-layer proteins have been shown to play a role in the antimicrobial activity of certain lactobacilli. However, it is not fully understood how the S-layer proteins exert this biological function. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that Lactobacillus acidophilus S-layer proteins antagonize Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) infection by protecting against F-actin cytoskeleton rearrangements and the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathways. Monolayer transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) was measured after S. Typhimurium infection in Caco-2 cultured human intestinal cells with L. acidophilus S-layer proteins. F-actin rearrangement and MAPK activation were also assessed by immunofluorescence staining or Western blotting. The results showed that when S. Typhimurium was co-incubated with S-layer proteins, the S. Typhimurium-induced Caco-2 cell F-actin rearrangement was reduced, and the S. Typhimurium-induced TER decrease and interleukin 8 (IL-8) secretion were attenuated. Additionally, L. acidophilus S-layer proteins could inhibit S. Typhimurium-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38. This study indicates that L. acidophilus S-layer proteins are able to inhibit S. Typhimurium infection through blocking S. Typhimurium-induced F-actin rearrangements and S. Typhimurium-induced ERK1/2, JNK and p38 activation in Caco-2 cells. These data provide a rationale for the use of lactobacillus S-layer proteins as therapeutic and preventative agents, at least in infectious diarrhoea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Qinghua Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xiaolan Ye
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Zhisheng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Qian Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
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29
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Antagonistic activity of Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 S-layer protein on Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium in Caco-2 cells. ANN MICROBIOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-011-0327-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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30
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Li P, Yin Y, Yu Q, Yang Q. Lactobacillus acidophilus S-layer protein-mediated inhibition of Salmonella-induced apoptosis in Caco-2 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 409:142-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.04.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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31
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Heterologous expression of the surface-layer-like protein SllB induces the formation of long filaments of Escherichia coli consisting of protein-stabilized outer membrane. Microbiology (Reading) 2010; 156:3584-3595. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.040808-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coliis one of the best studied micro-organisms and is the most widely used host in genetic engineering. The Gram-negative single cells are rod-shaped, and filaments are usually not found. Here, we describe the reproducible formation of elongatedE. colicells. During heterologous expression of the silent surface (S)-layer protein genesllBfromLysinibacillus sphaericusJG-A12 inE. coliBL21(DE3), the cells were arranged as long chains which were surrounded by highly stable sheaths. These filaments had a length of >100 μm. In the stationary growth phase, microscopic analyses demonstrated the formation of unusually long transparent tube-like structures which were enclosing separate single cells. The tube-like structures were isolated and analysed by SDS-PAGE, infrared-spectroscopy and different microscopic methods in order to identify their unusual composition and structure. The tube-like structures were found to be like outer membranes, containing high levels of proteins and to which the recombinant S-layer proteins were attached. Despite the entire structure being indicative of a disordered cell division, the bacterial cells were highly viable and stable. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the induction of drastic morphological changes inE. coliby the expression of a foreign protein has been reported.
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32
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Transformation of, and heterologous protein expression in, Lactobacillus agilis and Lactobacillus vaginalis isolates from the chicken gastrointestinal tract. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 77:220-8. [PMID: 21075881 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02006-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacilli are naturally found in the gastrointestinal tract of chickens, and there is interest in utilizing autochthonous strains for the delivery of therapeutic proteins. Previously we identified three chicken-derived Lactobacillus strains, Lactobacillus agilis La3, Lactobacillus vaginalis Lv5, and Lactobacillus crispatus Lc9, which persist in the gastrointestinal tract of chickens fed either a commercial or high-protein diet. In the current study, we investigated the ability to electrotransform these strains, determined plasmid vector stability, and compared reporter gene expression directed by several different promoters. The La3 and Lv5 strains were reproducibly transformed with efficiencies of 10(8) and 10(6) transformants per microgram of plasmid DNA, respectively. The third strain tested, L. crispatus Lc9, was recalcitrant to all transformation protocols examined. The plasmid vectors pTRK563 and pTRKH2 were maintained over 100 generations in La3 and Lv5, respectively. The ability of La3 and Lv5 to express the heterologous reporter gene gfp was analyzed using heterologous and homologous promoters. Transformants of both La3 and Lv5 containing the La3 ldhL promoter were the most fluorescent. To our knowledge, this is the first report of successful transformation and heterologous protein expression in L. agilis and L. vaginalis. The ability of these strains to express heterologous proteins in vitro indicates their potential utility as in vivo delivery vectors for therapeutic peptides to the chicken gastrointestinal tract.
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Toba T, Virkola R, Westerlund B, Bjorkman Y, Sillanpaa J, Vartio T, Kalkkinen N, Korhonen TK. A Collagen-Binding S-Layer Protein in Lactobacillus crispatus. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 61:2467-71. [PMID: 16535065 PMCID: PMC1388483 DOI: 10.1128/aem.61.7.2467-2471.1995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Two S-layer-expressing strains, Lactobacillus crispatus JCM 5810 and Lactobacillus acidophilus JCM 1132, were assessed for adherence to proteins of the mammalian extracellular matrix. L. crispatus JCM 5810 adhered efficiently to immobilized type IV and I collagens, laminin, and, with a lower affinity, to type V collagen and fibronectin. Strain JCM 1132 did not exhibit detectable adhesiveness. Within the fibronectin molecule, JCM 5810 recognized the 120-kDa cell-binding fragment of the protein, while no bacterial adhesion to the amino-terminal 30-kDa or the gelatin-binding 40-kDa fragment was detected. JCM 5810 but not JCM 1132 also bound (sup125)I-labelled soluble type IV collagen, and this binding was efficiently inhibited by unlabelled type IV and I collagens and less efficiently by type V collagen, but not by laminin or fibronectin. L. crispatus JCM 5810 but not L. acidophilus JCM 1132 also adhered to Matrigel, a reconstituted basement membrane preparation from mouse sarcoma cells, as well as to the extracellular matrix prepared from human Intestine 407 cells. S-layers from both strains were extracted with 2 M guanidine hydrochloride, separated by electrophoresis, and transferred to nitrocellulose sheets. The S-layer protein from JCM 5810 bound (sup125)I-labelled type IV collagen, whereas no binding was seen with the S-layer protein from JCM 1132. Binding of (sup125)I-collagen IV to the JCM 5810 S-layer protein was effectively inhibited by unlabelled type I and IV collagens but not by type V collagen, laminin, or fibronectin. It was concluded that L. crispatus JCM 5810 has the capacity to adhere to human subintestinal extracellular matrix via a collagen-binding S-layer.
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34
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Deepika G, Charalampopoulos D. Surface and adhesion properties of lactobacilli. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2010; 70:127-52. [PMID: 20359456 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2164(10)70004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The surface properties of lactobacilli are of significant technological importance as they determine the interaction of the bacterial cells with the gastrointestinal mucosa, and therefore influence their location in the gut and their functionality. Studying the surface of the bacteria is critical for understanding the adhesion process better. This review compiles the knowledge from studies on the characterization Lactobacillus surfaces and evaluates the potential relationship between the cells' physicochemical characteristics and their adhesive abilities. It also discusses the effect that the production processes, such as fermentation and drying, can exert on the surface properties and adhesion abilities of lactobacilli.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Deepika
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, UK
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35
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Deepika G, Green R, Frazier R, Charalampopoulos D. Effect of growth time on the surface and adhesion properties of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. J Appl Microbiol 2009; 107:1230-40. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04306.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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36
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Development and application of a upp-based counterselective gene replacement system for the study of the S-layer protein SlpX of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM. Appl Environ Microbiol 2009; 75:3093-105. [PMID: 19304841 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02502-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In silico genome analysis of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM coupled with gene expression studies have identified putative genes and regulatory networks that are potentially important to this organism's survival, persistence, and activities in the gastrointestinal tract. Correlation of key genotypes to phenotypes requires an efficient gene replacement system. In this study, use of the upp-encoded uracil phosphoribosyltransferase (UPRTase) of L. acidophilus NCFM was explored as a counterselection marker to positively select for recombinants that have resolved from chromosomal integration of pORI-based plasmids. An isogenic mutant carrying a upp gene deletion was constructed and was resistant to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), a toxic uracil analog that is also a substrate for UPRTase. A 3.0-kb pORI-based counterselectable integration vector bearing a upp expression cassette, pTRK935, was constructed and introduced into the Deltaupp host harboring the pTRK669 helper plasmid. Extrachromosomal replication of pTRK935 complemented the mutated chromosomal upp allele and restored sensitivity to 5-FU. This host background provides a platform for a two-step plasmid integration and excision strategy that can select for plasmid-free recombinants with either the wild-type or mutated allele of the targeted gene in the presence of 5-FU. The efficacy of the system was demonstrated by in-frame deletion of the slpX gene (LBA0512) encoding a novel 51-kDa secreted protein associated with the S-layer complex of L. acidophilus. The resulting DeltaslpX mutant exhibited lower growth rates, increased sensitivity to sodium dodecyl sulfate, and greater resistance to bile. Overall, this improved gene replacement system represents a valuable tool for investigating the mechanisms underlying the probiotic functionality of L. acidophilus.
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37
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Ramiah K, van Reenen CA, Dicks LMT. Expression of the Mucus Adhesion Gene Mub, Surface Layer Protein Slp and Adhesion-Like Factor EF-TU of Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 Under Digestive Stress Conditions, as Monitored with Real-Time PCR. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2009; 1:91. [PMID: 26783135 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-009-9009-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2008] [Accepted: 02/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Expression of the mucus adhesion gene Mub, surface layer protein Slp and adhesion-like factor EF-Tu by Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 grown in the presence of mucin, bile and pancreatin and at low pH was studied using real-time PCR. None of the genes were up-regulated under increasing concentrations of mucin, while Slp and EF-Tu were up-regulated in the presence of bile and pancreatin at normal concentrations (0.3%, w/v) and under stress conditions (1.0%, w/v).
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ramiah
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - C A van Reenen
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - L M T Dicks
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa.
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38
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Genes and molecules of lactobacilli supporting probiotic action. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2009; 72:728-64, Table of Contents. [PMID: 19052326 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00017-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 613] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacilli have been crucial for the production of fermented products for centuries. They are also members of the mutualistic microbiota present in the human gastrointestinal and urogenital tract. Recently, increasing attention has been given to their probiotic, health-promoting capacities. Many human intervention studies demonstrating health effects have been published. However, as not all studies resulted in positive outcomes, scientific interest arose regarding the precise mechanisms of action of probiotics. Many reported mechanistic studies have addressed mainly the host responses, with less attention being focused on the specificities of the bacterial partners, notwithstanding the completion of Lactobacillus genome sequencing projects, and increasing possibilities of genomics-based and dedicated mutant analyses. In this emerging and highly interdisciplinary field, microbiologists are facing the challenge of molecular characterization of probiotic traits. This review addresses the advances in the understanding of the probiotic-host interaction with a focus on the molecular microbiology of lactobacilli. Insight into the molecules and genes involved should contribute to a more judicious application of probiotic lactobacilli and to improved screening of novel potential probiotics.
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Murein hydrolase activity in the surface layer of Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356. Appl Environ Microbiol 2008; 74:7824-7. [PMID: 18931300 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01712-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a new enzymatic functionality for the surface layer (S-layer) of Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356, namely, an endopeptidase activity against the cell wall of Salmonella enterica serovar Newport, assayed via zymograms and identified by Western blotting. Based on amino acid sequence comparisons, the hydrolase activity was predicted to be located at the C terminus. Subsequent cloning and expression of the C-terminal domain in Bacillus subtilis resulted in the functional verification of the enzymatic activity.
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Hamula CLA, Zhang H, Guan LL, Li XF, Le XC. Selection of aptamers against live bacterial cells. Anal Chem 2008; 80:7812-9. [PMID: 18803393 DOI: 10.1021/ac801272s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Single-stranded DNA or RNA aptamer molecules have usually been selected against purified target molecules. To eliminate the need of purifying target molecules on the cell surface, we have developed a selection technique using live bacterial cells in suspension as targets, to select for ssDNA aptamers specific to cell surface molecules. Lactobacillus acidophilus cells were chosen to demonstrate proof of principle based on their high abundance of surface molecules (potential targets). Aptamer pools obtained after 6-8 rounds of selection demonstrated high affinity for and selective binding with L. acidophilus cells when tested via flow cytometry, microscopy, and fluorescence measurements. Out of 27 aptamers that were cloned and sequenced, one sequence, hemag1P, was found to bind to L. acidophilus much more strongly and specifically than other cells tested. This aptamer was predicted to have a tight hairpin secondary structure. On average, an estimated 164 +/- 47 aptamer molecules were bound to a target cell with an apparent K d of 13 +/- 3 nM. A likely putative molecular target of hemag1P is the S-layer protein on the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille L A Hamula
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, 10-102 Clinical Sciences Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G3
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Ramiah K, van Reenen CA, Dicks LMT. Surface-bound proteins of Lactobacillus plantarum 423 that contribute to adhesion of Caco-2 cells and their role in competitive exclusion and displacement of Clostridium sporogenes and Enterococcus faecalis. Res Microbiol 2008; 159:470-5. [PMID: 18619532 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2008.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2008] [Revised: 06/05/2008] [Accepted: 06/06/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) are surface-bound proteins with a role in adhesion of Lactobacillus plantarum 423 to Caco-2 cells. Removal of surface-bound proteins from L. plantarum 423 (treated with 4M guanidine-HCl) reduced adhesion to Caco-2 cells by 40%. In a competitive exclusion experiment where all three strains were given an equal chance to adhere to Caco-2 cells, L. plantarum 423 prevented 71% of cells of Clostridium sporogenes LMG 13570 and 89% of cells of Enterococcus faecalis LMG 13566 from adhering. Cells of L. plantarum 423, from which surface-bound proteins were removed, prevented 49% of cells of C. sporogenes LMG 13570 and 70% of cells of E. faecalis LMG 13566 from adhering to Caco-2 cells, suggesting that factors other than surface-bound proteins are involved in adhesion. Colonization of L. plantarum 423 to Caco-2 cells prevented adhesion of 74% of cells of C. sporogenes LMG 13570 and 62% of cells of E. faecalis LMG 13566. Furthermore, L. plantarum 423 displaced 81% of cells of C. sporogenes LMG 13570 and 91% of cells of E. faecalis LMG 13566 from Caco-2 cells. L. plantarum 423 is a potential probiotic strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamini Ramiah
- Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, 7602 Matieland (Stellenbosch), Stellenbosch, South Africa.
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Chiou SY, Kang PL, Liao TW, Jeang CL. Characterization, identification, and cloning of the S-layer protein from Cytophaga sp. Curr Microbiol 2008; 56:597-602. [PMID: 18322733 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-008-9132-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2007] [Accepted: 12/11/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We characterized, identified, and cloned a major protein which comprised 16% of the total proteins from Cytophaga sp. cell lysate. After French pressing, the fraction of cell envelope was treated with 0.2% Triton X-100 to remove cell membranes. Subsequent SDS-PAGE analysis of the Triton X-100-insoluble cell wall revealed a protein of 120 kDa with a pI of 5.4, which was identified by gold immunostaining as the surface (S)-layer protein of this soil bacterium. The nucleotide sequence of the cloned S-layer protein gene (slp) encoding this protein consisted of 3144 nucleotides with an ORF for 1047 amino acids, which included a typical 32-amino acid leader peptide sequence. Amino acid sequence alignment revealed 29-48% similarity between this protein and the S-layer proteins from other prokaryotic organisms. The 120-kDa protein from the Cytophaga sp. cell lysate has been characterized as a member of the S-layer proteins, and the slp gene was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. E. coli harboring the plasmid containing the 600- or 800-bp DNA fragment upstream of the initiation codon of the slp gene, in the presence of the reporter gene rsda (raw starch digesting amylase), showed amylase activity in starch containing plate. The putative promoter region of slp located 600 bp upstream of the initiation codon might be used for foreign gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiow Ying Chiou
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung-Hsing University, 250 Kuo Kuang Road, Taichung, 402, Taiwan, R.O.C.
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Chen X, Xu J, Shuai J, Chen J, Zhang Z, Fang W. The S-layer proteins of Lactobacillus crispatus strain ZJ001 is responsible for competitive exclusion against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella typhimurium. Int J Food Microbiol 2007; 115:307-12. [PMID: 17289201 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2006.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2006] [Revised: 11/03/2006] [Accepted: 11/03/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus crispatus ZJ001, isolated from pig intestines and identified by sequencing analysis based on partial 16S rRNA gene, was examined in vitro for probiotic activity exerted by the surface layer proteins (S-layer). The characteristics of L. crispatus ZJ001 were compared to Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 from the same genus which also produces the S-layer proteins. The strain ZJ001 was resistant to acidic condition and bile salt. Its antagonistic properties such as adhesion, inhibition of the pathogen growth and competitive exclusion against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella typhimurium were apparently advantageous over L. acidophilus ATCC 4356. SDS-PAGE analysis of cell surface proteins revealed the presence of S-layer proteins, approximately at 42 kDa in L. crispatus ZJ001. Removal of the S-layer proteins reduced autoaggregation and adhesion to HeLa cells. The functional role of the S-layer proteins in adhesion was also confirmed by the antibody-mediated inhibition assay using the polyclonal antibody against the S-layer protein. The S-layer proteins from L. crispatus ZJ001 inhibited adhesion of S. typhimurium and E. coli O157:H7 to HeLa cells. These results suggest that L. crispatus ZJ001 possesses probiotic properties and the S-layer proteins are involved in the adhesion and competitive exclusion of pathogens to HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Chen
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevent Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
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Schär-Zammaretti P, Dillmann ML, D'Amico N, Affolter M, Ubbink J. Influence of fermentation medium composition on physicochemical surface properties of Lactobacillus acidophilus. Appl Environ Microbiol 2006; 71:8165-73. [PMID: 16332799 PMCID: PMC1317426 DOI: 10.1128/aem.71.12.8165-8173.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of the simple and complex basic components of a fermentation medium on the surface properties of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCC2628 is studied by physicochemical methods, such as electrophoresis, interfacial adhesion, and X-ray photonelectron spectroscopy, and by transmission electron microscopy. Starting from an optimized complete medium, the effect of carbohydrates, peptones, and yeast extracts on the physicochemical properties of the cell wall is systematically investigated by consecutively omitting one of the principal components from the fermentation medium at the time. The physicochemical properties and structure of the bacterial cell wall remain largely unchanged if the carbohydrate content of the fermentation medium is strongly reduced, although the concentration of surface proteins increases slightly. Both peptone and yeast extract have a considerable influence on the bacterial cell wall, as witnessed by changes in surface charge, hydrophobicity, and the nitrogen-to-carbon ratio. Both zeta potential and the cell wall hydrophobicity show a positive correlation with the nitrogen-to-carbon ratio of the bacterial surfaces, indicative of the important role of surface proteins in the overall surface physical chemistry. The hydrophobicity of the cell wall, which is low for the cultures grown in the complete medium and in the absence of carbohydrates, becomes fairly high for the cultures grown in the medium without peptones and the medium without yeast extract. UV spectrophotometry and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry are used to analyze the effect of medium composition on LiCl-extractable cell wall proteins, confirming the major change in protein composition of the cell wall for the culture fermented in the medium without peptones. In particular, it is found that expression of the S-layer protein is dependent on the protein source of the fermentation medium.
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Gatti M, Rossetti L, Fornasari ME, Lazzi C, Giraffa G, Neviani E. Heterogeneity of putative surface layer proteins in Lactobacillus helveticus. Appl Environ Microbiol 2005; 71:7582-8. [PMID: 16269809 PMCID: PMC1287734 DOI: 10.1128/aem.71.11.7582-7588.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The S-layer-encoding genes of 21 Lactobacillus helveticus strains were characterized. Phylogenetic analysis based on the identified S-layer genes revealed two main clusters, one which includes a sequence similar to that of the slpH1 gene of L. helveticus CNRZ 892 and a second cluster which includes genes similar to that of prtY. These results were further confirmed by Southern blot hybridization. This study demonstrates S-layer gene variability in the species L. helveticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Gatti
- Department of Genetic Anthropology Evolution, Parco Area delle Scienze 11A, University of Parma, 43100 Parma, Italy.
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Frece J, Kos B, Svetec IK, Zgaga Z, Mrsa V, Susković J. Importance of S-layer proteins in probiotic activity of Lactobacillus acidophilus M92. J Appl Microbiol 2005; 98:285-92. [PMID: 15659182 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2004.02473.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the functional role of surface layer proteins (S-layer) in probiotic strain Lactobacillus acidophilus M92, especially its influence on adhesiveness to mouse ileal epithelial cells. METHODS AND RESULTS Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of cell surface proteins revealed the presence of potential surface layer (S-layer) proteins, ca at 45 kDa in L. acidophilus M92. Southern blot with pBK1 plasmid, containing slpA gene, gave a positive signal, suggesting that L. acidophilus M92 has a slpA gene coding for the S-layer proteins. S-layer proteins of this strain are present during all phases of growth. The S-layer proteins appeared when cells treated with 5 mol l(-1) LiCl were allowed to grow again. Removal of the S-layer proteins reduced adhesion of L. acidophilus M92 to mouse ileal epithelial cells. Furthermore, the viability of cells without S-layer were reduced in simulated gastric juice at low pH range (2, 2.5, 3) and simulated pancreatic juice with bile salts (1.5 and 3 g l(-1)). S-layer proteins of L. acidophilus M92 were resistant to pepsin and pancreatin, in contrast, the treatment with proteinase K led to a significant proteolysis of the S-layer proteins. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated functional role of S-layer; it is responsible for adhesiveness of Lactobacillus acidophilus M92 to mouse ileal epithelial cells and has a protective role for this strain. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY S-layer proteins have an important role in the establishment of probiotic strain Lactobacillus acidophilus M92 in the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Frece
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Altermann E, Buck LB, Cano R, Klaenhammer TR. Identification and phenotypic characterization of the cell-division protein CdpA. Gene 2005; 342:189-97. [PMID: 15527978 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2004.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2004] [Revised: 07/26/2004] [Accepted: 08/09/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of the automated computer annotation of the early draft phase genome of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM revealed the previously discovered S-layer gene slpA and an additional partial ORF with weak similarities to S-layer proteins. The entire gene was sequenced to reveal a 1799-bp gene coding for 599 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 64.8 kDa. No transcription or translation signals could be determined in close proximity to the 5'-region. However, a strong putative terminator with a free energy of -16.84 kcal/mol was identified directly downstream of the gene. A PSI-Blast analysis showed similarities to members of S-layer proteins, cell-wall associated proteinases and hexosyl-transferases. Calculation of an unrooted phylogenetic tree with other examples of S-layer proteins and proteinases placed the deduced protein separately from both groups. A derivative of L. acidophilus NCFM was constructed by targeted integration into the gene. SDS-PAGE analysis of non-covalently linked proteins of the cell wall of the mutant, compared to the wild type, revealed the loss of a cell-surface protein. Phenotypic analyses of the mutant revealed significant changes in cell morphology, altered responses to various environmental stresses, and lowered cell adhesion. Based on the in silico and functional analyses, we ascertained that this protein plays a role in cell-wall processing during the growth and cell-cell separation and designated the gene as cell-division protein, cdpA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Altermann
- Department of Food Science, Southeast Dairy Foods Research Center, North Carolina State University, 339 Schaub Hall, Box 7624, Raleigh, NC 27695-7624, USA
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Favier AL, Burmeister WP, Chroboczek J. Unique physicochemical properties of human enteric Ad41 responsible for its survival and replication in the gastrointestinal tract. Virology 2004; 322:93-104. [PMID: 15063120 PMCID: PMC7172780 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2004.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2003] [Revised: 12/08/2003] [Accepted: 01/13/2004] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Human enteric adenovirus Ad41 is associated with children gastroenteritis. To infect gastrointestinal cells, the invading virus must be acid-stable and resistant to inactivation by bile salts and proteases. In addition, it has to cross the mucus barrier before it infects mucosa cells. We show that Ad41 infectivity is not diminished by acid exposure, a condition limiting the infectivity of the respiratory Ad. This feature can be attributed to a large extent to the global basic charge of enteric Ad virions and to the stability of Ad41 fiber, a viral protein mediating virus attachment. Upon exposure to pH shock, the respiratory Ad2 loses its ability to interact with lipids while enteric Ad41 still binds to the major phospholipids of gastric and intestine mucus. In addition, contrary to respiratory Ad, enteric Ad41 interacts with several sphingolipid components of plasma membranes. These results show that the molecular bases of the Ad41 enteric tropism stem from its particular physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wilhelm P Burmeister
- Virologie Moléculaire et Structurale, UFR de Pharmacie, Université Joseph Fourier, et EMBL, Grenoble, France
| | - Jadwiga Chroboczek
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, 38027 Grenoble Cedex 1, France
- Corresponding author. Institut de Biologie Structurale, 41, rue Jules Horowitz, 38027 Grenoble Cedex 1, France. Fax: +33-4-38-78-54-94.
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De Vuyst L, Avonts L, Neysens P, Hoste B, Vancanneyt M, Swings J, Callewaert R. The lactobin A and amylovorin L471 encoding genes are identical, and their distribution seems to be restricted to the species Lactobacillus amylovorus that is of interest for cereal fermentations. Int J Food Microbiol 2004; 90:93-106. [PMID: 14672834 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1605(03)00298-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Lactobin A and amylovorin L471 are two bacteriocins produced by the phenotypically different strains Lactobacillus amylovorus LMG P-13139 and L. amylovorus DCE 471, respectively. A 110-bp PCR fragment of the structural gene of lactobin A was obtained from total genomic DNA of L. amylovorus LMG P-13139, which was used as a probe to isolate a 3.6-kb HindIII chromosomal fragment for sequencing. PCR amplification revealed that both the structural genes of both the bacteriocins lactobin A and amylovorin L471 were identical. These bacteriocins will be further referred to as amylovorin L. Amylovorin L can be defined as a small, strongly hydrophobic, antibacterial peptide consisting of 50 amino acids. It is synthesized as a precursor peptide of 65 amino acids processed at a characteristic double-glycine proteolytic cleavage site. Amylovorin L hence belongs to the class II bacteriocins. It has a narrow inhibitory spectrum, being most active towards Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus LMG 6901(T). Among 38 strains of the Lactobacillus acidophilus DNA homology group, another 6 L. amylovorus strains were also inhibitory towards the L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus LMG 6901(T) strain. The lactobin A or amylovorin L471 structural genes could be detected in the genomes of three of these L. amylovorus strains, but only after extensive PCR amplification, indicating that the inhibitory substances were slightly different. The bacteriocins were characterized as small (approximately 4800 Da), heat-stable peptides that were active in a wide pH range (2.2-8.0). Finally, preliminary experiments indicated that the production of amylovorin L by L. amylovorus DCE 471 took place during a natural rye fermentation, indicating its potential importance in the development of a functional (probiotic) starter culture for cereal fermentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- L De Vuyst
- Research Group of Industrial Microbiology, Fermentation Technology and Downstream Processing, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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