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Davenport B, Hallam SJ. Emerging enzyme surface display systems for waste resource recovery. Environ Microbiol 2023; 25:241-249. [PMID: 36369958 PMCID: PMC10100002 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The current century marks an inflection point for human progress, as the developed world increasingly comes to recognize that the ecological and socioeconomic impacts of resource extraction must be balanced with more sustainable modes of growth that are less reliant on non-renewable sources of energy and materials. This has opened a window of opportunity for cross-sector development of biotechnologies that harness the metabolic problem-solving power of microbial communities. In this context, recovery has emerged as an organizing principal to create value from industrial and municipal waste streams, and the search is on for new enzymes and platforms that can be used for waste resource recovery at scale. Enzyme surface display on cells or functionalized materials has emerged as a promising platform for waste valorization. Typically, surface display involves the use of substrate binding or catalytic domains of interest translationally fused with extracellular membrane proteins in a microbial chassis. Novel display systems with improved performance features include S-layer display with increased protein density, spore display with increased resistance to harsh conditions, and intracellular inclusions including DNA-free cells or nanoparticles with improved social licence for in situ applications. Combining these display systems with advances in bioprinting, electrospinning and high-throughput functional screening have potential to transform outmoded extractive paradigms into 'trans-metabolic" processes for remediation and waste resource recovery within an emerging circular bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth Davenport
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Steven J Hallam
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Genome Science and Technology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Bradshaw Research Institute for Minerals and Mining, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- ECOSCOPE Training Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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2
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Potential Application of Living Microorganisms in the Detoxification of Heavy Metals. Foods 2022; 11:foods11131905. [PMID: 35804721 PMCID: PMC9265996 DOI: 10.3390/foods11131905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Heavy metal (HM) exposure remains a global occupational and environmental problem that creates a hazard to general health. Even low-level exposure to toxic metals contributes to the pathogenesis of various metabolic and immunological diseases, whereas, in this process, the gut microbiota serves as a major target and mediator of HM bioavailability and toxicity. Specifically, a picture is emerging from recent investigations identifying specific probiotic species to counteract the noxious effect of HM within the intestinal tract via a series of HM-resistant mechanisms. More encouragingly, aided by genetic engineering techniques, novel HM-bioremediation strategies using recombinant microorganisms have been fruitful and may provide access to promising biological medicines for HM poisoning. In this review, we summarized the pivotal mutualistic relationship between HM exposure and the gut microbiota, the probiotic-based protective strategies against HM-induced gut dysbiosis, with reference to recent advancements in developing engineered microorganisms for medically alleviating HM toxicity.
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3
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Is Genetic Engineering a Route to Enhance Microalgae-Mediated Bioremediation of Heavy Metal-Containing Effluents? MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27051473. [PMID: 35268582 PMCID: PMC8911655 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Contamination of the biosphere by heavy metals has been rising, due to accelerated anthropogenic activities, and is nowadays, a matter of serious global concern. Removal of such inorganic pollutants from aquatic environments via biological processes has earned great popularity, for its cost-effectiveness and high efficiency, compared to conventional physicochemical methods. Among candidate organisms, microalgae offer several competitive advantages; phycoremediation has even been claimed as the next generation of wastewater treatment technologies. Furthermore, integration of microalgae-mediated wastewater treatment and bioenergy production adds favorably to the economic feasibility of the former process—with energy security coming along with environmental sustainability. However, poor biomass productivity under abiotic stress conditions has hindered the large-scale deployment of microalgae. Recent advances encompassing molecular tools for genome editing, together with the advent of multiomics technologies and computational approaches, have permitted the design of tailor-made microalgal cell factories, which encompass multiple beneficial traits, while circumventing those associated with the bioaccumulation of unfavorable chemicals. Previous studies unfolded several routes through which genetic engineering-mediated improvements appear feasible (encompassing sequestration/uptake capacity and specificity for heavy metals); they can be categorized as metal transportation, chelation, or biotransformation, with regulation of metal- and oxidative stress response, as well as cell surface engineering playing a crucial role therein. This review covers the state-of-the-art metal stress mitigation mechanisms prevalent in microalgae, and discusses putative and tested metabolic engineering approaches, aimed at further improvement of those biological processes. Finally, current research gaps and future prospects arising from use of transgenic microalgae for heavy metal phycoremediation are reviewed.
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Parsania S, Mohammadi P, Soudi MR. Biotransformation and removal of arsenic oxyanions by Alishewanella agri PMS5 in biofilm and planktonic states. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 284:131336. [PMID: 34217924 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic oxyanions are toxic chemicals that impose a high risk to humans and other living organisms in the environment. The present study investigated indigenous heterotrophic bacteria in the tailings dam effluent (TDE) of a gold mining factory. Thirty-seven arsenic resistant bacteria were cultured on Reasoner's 2A agar supplemented with arsenic salts through filtration. One strain encoded as PMS5 with the highest resistance to 140-mM sodium arsenite and 600-mM sodium arsenate in tryptic soy broth was selected for further investigations. According to phenotypic examinations and 16S rDNA sequence analysis, PMS5 belonged to the genus Alishewanella and was sensitive to most of the examined antibiotics. The biosorption and bioaccumulation abilities of arsenic salts were observed in this isolate based on Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX) and biosorption and bioaccumulation data. PMS5 was also found to cause the volatilization and biotransformation of arsenic oxyanions through their oxidation and reduction. Moreover, the contribution of PMS5 to arsenic (3+, 5+) bioprocessing under oligotrophic conditions was confirmed in fixed-bed reactors fed with the TDE of the gold factory (R1) and synthetic water containing As5+ (R2). According to biofilm assays such as biofilm staining, cell count, detachment assay and SEM, the arsenic significantly reduced the biofilm density of the examined reactors compared to that of the control (R3). Arsenate reduction and arsenite oxidation under bioreactor conditions were respectively obtained as 75.5-94.7% and 8%. Furthermore, negligible arsenic volatilization (1.2 ppb) was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Parsania
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Mohammadi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Soudi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
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5
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Hui CY, Guo Y, Liu L, Yi J. Recent advances in bacterial biosensing and bioremediation of cadmium pollution: a mini-review. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 38:9. [PMID: 34850291 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03198-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) pollution has become a global environmental issue because Cd gets easily accumulated and translocated in the food chain, threatening human health. Considering the detrimental effects and non-biodegradability of environmental Cd, this is an urgent issue that needs to be addressed through the development of robust, cost-effective, and eco-friendly green routes for monitoring and remediating toxic levels of Cd. This article attempts to review various bacterial approaches toward biosensing and bioremediation of Cd in the environment. This review focuses on the recent development of bacterial cell-based biosensors for the detection of bioavailable Cd and the bioremediation of toxic Cd by natural or genetically-engineered bacteria. The present limitations and future perspectives of these available bacterial approaches are outlined. New trends for integrating synthetic biology and metabolic engineering into the design of bacterial biosensors and bioadsorbers are additionally highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Ye Hui
- Department of Pathology & Toxicology, Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Yan Guo
- National Key Clinical Specialty of Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lisa Liu
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Juan Yi
- Department of Pathology & Toxicology, Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen, China
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6
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Yan X, Yang J, Wang Q, Lin S. Transcriptomic analysis reveals resistance mechanisms of Klebsiella michiganensis to copper toxicity under acidic conditions. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 211:111919. [PMID: 33476853 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.111919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of pH on bacterial resistance mechanisms to copper (Cu) stress by genomic and transcriptomic analysis. Klebsiella michiganensis cells were exposed to 0.5 mM CuCl2 at pH 4 and 5. Lower pH (pH < 4) strongly inhibited K. michiganensis growth, while Cu stress and higher pH (pH > 5) induced Cu precipitation in the medium. Transcriptomic analyses indicated that two groups of genes related to quorum sensing (QS) systems (lsrABCDFGKR) and type II secretion systems (T2SS) (gspCDEFGHIJKLM) were significantly up-regulated at pH 4 only. These results suggest that T2SS may be induced and controlled by QS, thereby contributing to the formation of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and the secretion of proteins to prevent Cu ions from entering cells. Six Cu resistance genes (cusABF, copA, cueO, and gene05308) were more significantly up-regulated at pH 4 than at pH 5. In addition, the relative expression (log2|FC=) of the sulfur assimilation genes cysHJIK was relatively higher at pH 4 than at pH 5, while the gene encoding organic sulfur metabolism, tauB, was also significantly up-regulated at only pH 4. These results indicate that the Cu efflux system can remove intracellular Cu ions from cells, and that the sulfur assimilation system is related to the detoxification of Cu ions. Furthermore, increased free Cu ions at lower pH (4) could induce communication signals among cells, thereby stimulating the response of T2SS-related genes in K. michiganensis to tolerate Cu stress. Consequently, the resistance of K. michiganensis to Cu stress is a multisystem collaborative process composed of intracellular and extracellular components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Yan
- Engineering Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Resources of National Environmental Protection, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, No. 2555, Jingyue Street, Changchun 130117, Jilin, PR China
| | - Junlin Yang
- Engineering Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Resources of National Environmental Protection, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, No. 2555, Jingyue Street, Changchun 130117, Jilin, PR China
| | - Qi Wang
- Engineering Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Resources of National Environmental Protection, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, No. 2555, Jingyue Street, Changchun 130117, Jilin, PR China
| | - Shanshan Lin
- Engineering Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Resources of National Environmental Protection, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, No. 2555, Jingyue Street, Changchun 130117, Jilin, PR China.
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7
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Ricca E, Baccigalupi L, Isticato R. Spore-adsorption: Mechanism and applications of a non-recombinant display system. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 47:107693. [PMID: 33387640 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Surface display systems have been developed to express target molecules on almost all types of biological entities from viruses to mammalian cells and on a variety of synthetic particles. Various approaches have been developed to achieve the display of many different target molecules, aiming at several technological and biomedical applications. Screening of libraries, delivery of drugs or antigens, bio-catalysis, sensing of pollutants and bioremediation are commonly considered as fields of potential application for surface display systems. In this review, the non-recombinant approach to display antigens and enzymes on the surface of bacterial spores is discussed. Examples of molecules displayed on the spore surface and their potential applications are summarized and a mechanism of display is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezio Ricca
- Department of Biology, Federico II University of Naples, Italy.
| | - Loredana Baccigalupi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University of Naples, Italy
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8
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Marques CR, Wibowo D, Rubio-Reyes P, Serafim LS, Soares AMVM, Rehm BHA. Bacterially assembled biopolyester nanobeads for removing cadmium from water. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 186:116357. [PMID: 32916618 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd)-contaminated waterbodies are a worldwide concern for the environment, impacting human health. To address the need for efficient, sustainable and cost-effective remediation measures, we developed innovative Cd bioremediation agents by engineering Escherichia coli to assemble poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid) (PHB) beads densely coated with Cd-binding peptides. This was accomplished by translational fusion of Cd-binding peptides to the N- or C-terminus of a PHB synthase that catalyzes PHB synthesis and mediates assembly of Cd2 or Cd1 coated PHB beads, respectively. Cd1 beads showed greater Cd adsorption with 441 nmol Cd mg-1 bead mass when compared to Cd2 beads (334 nmol Cd mg-1 bead-mass) and plain beads (238 nmol Cd mg-1 bead-mass). The Cd beads were not ecotoxic and did attenuate Cd-spiked solutions toxicity. Overall, the bioengineered beads provide a means to remediate Cd-contaminated sites, can be cost-effectively produced at large scale, and offer a biodegradable and safe alternative to synthetic ecotoxic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina R Marques
- CESAM - Centre of Marine and Environmental Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - David Wibowo
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Patricia Rubio-Reyes
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Gate 7, Victoria University Central Services Building, Kelburn, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Luísa S Serafim
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- CESAM - Centre of Marine and Environmental Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Bernd H A Rehm
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
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9
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Kumari S, Das S. Expression of metallothionein encoding gene bmtA in biofilm-forming marine bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa N6P6 and understanding its involvement in Pb(II) resistance and bioremediation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:28763-28774. [PMID: 31376126 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05916-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The genetic basis and biochemical aspects of heavy metal endurance abilities have been precisely studied in planktonic bacteria; however, in nature, bacteria mostly grows as surface-attached communities called biofilms. A hallmark trait of biofilm is increased resistance to heavy metals compared with the resistance of planktonic bacteria. A proposed mechanism that contributes to this increased resistance is the enhanced expression of metal-resistant genes. bmtA gene coding for metallothionein protein is one such metal-resistant gene found in many bacterial spp. In the present study, lead (Pb) remediation potential of a biofilm-forming marine bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa N6P6 was explored. Biofilm-forming marine bacterium P. aeruginosa N6P6 possess bmtA gene and shows resistance towards many heavy metals, i.e., Pb, Cd, Hg, Cr, and Zn. The expression of metallothionein encoding gene bmtA is significantly high in 48-h-old biofilm culture (11. 4 fold) followed by 24-h-old biofilm culture of P. aeruginosa N6P6 (4.7 fold) (P < 0.05). However, in the case of planktonically grown culture of P. aeruginosa N6P6, the highest expression of bmtA gene was observed in 24-h-old culture. The expression of bmtA also increased significantly with increase in Pb concentration up to 800 ppm. CSLM analysis indicated significant reduction in the raw integrated density of biofilm-associated lipids and polysaccharides (PS) of P. aeruginosa N6P6 biofilm grown in Pb (sub-lethal concentration)-amended medium (P < 0.05), whereas no significant reduction was observed in the raw integrated density of EPS-associated protein. The role of bmtA gene as Pb(II)-resistant determinant was characterized by overexpressing the bmtA gene derived from P. aeruginosa N6P6 in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). ESI-MS and SDS-PAGE analyses validated the presence of 11.5-kDa MT protein isolated from Pb(II)-induced recombinant E. coli BL21(DE3) harboring bmtA gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Kumari
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Ecology (LEnME), Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769 008, India
| | - Surajit Das
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Ecology (LEnME), Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769 008, India.
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10
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Olmez TT, Sahin Kehribar E, Isilak ME, Lu TK, Seker UOS. Synthetic Genetic Circuits for Self-Actuated Cellular Nanomaterial Fabrication Devices. ACS Synth Biol 2019; 8:2152-2162. [PMID: 31419103 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.9b00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Genetically controlled synthetic biosystems are being developed to create nanoscale materials. These biosystems are modeled on the natural ability of living cells to synthesize materials: many organisms have dedicated proteins that synthesize a wide range of hard tissues and solid materials, such as nanomagnets and biosilica. We designed an autonomous living material synthesizing system consisting of engineered cells with genetic circuits that synthesize nanomaterials. The circuits encode a nanomaterial precursor-sensing module (sensor) coupled with a materials synthesis module. The sensor detects the presence of cadmium, gold, or iron ions, and this detection triggers the synthesis of the related nanomaterial-nucleating extracellular matrix. We demonstrate that when engineered cells sense the availability of a precursor ion, they express the corresponding extracellular matrix to form the nanomaterials. This proof-of-concept study shows that endowing cells with synthetic genetic circuits enables nanomaterial synthesis and has the potential to be extended to the synthesis of a variety of nanomaterials and biomaterials using a green approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolga Tarkan Olmez
- UNAM- Institute of Materials and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ebru Sahin Kehribar
- UNAM- Institute of Materials and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Musa Efe Isilak
- UNAM- Institute of Materials and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Timothy K. Lu
- Synthetic Biology Center, Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
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11
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Liu L, Bilal M, Duan X, Iqbal HMN. Mitigation of environmental pollution by genetically engineered bacteria - Current challenges and future perspectives. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 667:444-454. [PMID: 30833243 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Industries are the paramount driving force for the economic and technological development of society. However, the flourishing industrialization and unimpeded growth of current production unit's result in widespread environmental pollution due to increased discharge of wastes loaded with baleful, hazardous, and carcinogenic contaminants. Physicochemical-based remediation means are costly, create a secondary disposal problem and remain inadequate for pollution mitigating because of the continuous emergence of new recalcitrant pollutants. Due to eco-friendly, social acceptance, and lesser health hazards, microbial bioremediation has received considerable global attention for pollution abatement. Moreover, with the recent advancement in biotechnology and microbiology, genetically engineered bacteria with high ability to remove environmental pollutants are widely used in the fields of environmental restoration, resulting in the bioremediation in a more viable and eco-friendly way. This review summarized the advantages of genetically engineered bacteria and their application in the treatment of a wide variety of environmental contaminants such as synthetic dyestuff, heavy metal, petroleum hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, phenazines and agricultural chemicals which will include herbicides, pesticides, and fertilizers. Considering the risk of genetic material exchange by using genetically engineered bacteria, the challenges and limitations associated with the application of recombinant bacteria on contaminated sites are also discussed. An integrated microbiological, biological and ecological acquaintance accompanied by field engineering designs are the desired features for effective in situ bioremediation of hazardous waste polluted sites by recombinant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Liu
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China.
| | - Xuguo Duan
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L. CP 64849, Mexico.
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12
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Expression of xylanase on Escherichia coli using a truncated ice nucleation protein of Erwinia ananas (InaA). Process Biochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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13
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Ishida T. Antibacterial mechanism of Ag+ ions for bacteriolyses of bacterial cell walls via peptidoglycan autolysins, and DNA damages. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.15406/mojt.2018.04.00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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14
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J AJ, M I, A G, S A G, S SR, P SL, M A, N R K, K G, N A. Biomimetic strategies to design metallic proteins for detoxification of hazardous heavy metal. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 358:92-100. [PMID: 29990822 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Discharge of hazardous heavy metals in to the environment poses a serious threat to the ecosystem owing to its non-degradability and indestructability. Physical and chemical techniques for the removal of heavy metals from industrial effluent is expensive and causes secondary pollution. On the other hand, biological processes using microorganisms play a vital role due to their large surface area to volume ratio, which increases the interactions with metal ions present in the environment. Here, we developed a third generation biological tool for the removal of heavy metal (copper) from the effluent through the biosynthesis of intracellular and surface displayed metallic proteins with novel metal co-ordination chemistry. We evaluated the cell viability for maximum heavy metal adsorption and metal tolerance of synthesized congener metallic proteins. Finally, to eliminate the cost associated with incorporation of metal binding aminoacid, we have introduced a genetic circuit in order to evolve a novel magnetotactic bacterium. The bioreactor studies of the consortia of metallic protein expressing cells immobilized on functionalized granular activated carbon revealed that 97% of copper was adsorbed from the industrial effluent. It is evident that the use of congener metallic proteins will be a futuristic approach for the treatment of wastewater facilitating environmental detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuma Janeena J
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Chennai, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ilamaran M
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Chennai, India
| | - George A
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Chennai, India
| | - George S A
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Chennai, India
| | - Sriram Raghavan S
- Department of Crystallography and Biophysics, Madras University, Chennai, India
| | - Surya Lakshmi P
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Chennai, India
| | - Aarthy M
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Chennai Zonal Laboratory, Chennai, India
| | - Kamini N R
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Chennai, India
| | - Gunasekaran K
- Department of Crystallography and Biophysics, Madras University, Chennai, India
| | - Ayyadurai N
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Chennai, India.
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15
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Padkina MV, Sambuk EV. Prospects for the Application of Yeast Display in Biotechnology and Cell Biology (Review). APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683818040105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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16
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Bio-recycling of metals: Recycling of technical products using biological applications. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1048-1062. [PMID: 29555455 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The increasing demand of different essential metals as a consequence of the development of new technologies, especially in the so called "low carbon technologies" require the development of innovative technologies that enable an economic and environmentally friendly metal recovery from primary and secondary resources. There is serious concern that the demand of some critical elements might exceed the present supply within a few years, thus necessitating the development of novel strategies and technologies to meet the requirements of industry and society. Besides an improvement of exploitation and processing of ores, the more urgent issue of recycling of strategic metals has to be enforced. However, current recycling rates are very low due to the increasing complexity of products and the low content of certain critical elements, thus hindering an economic metal recovery. On the other hand, increasing environmental consciousness as well as limitations of classical methods require innovative recycling methodologies in order to enable a circular economy. Modern biotechnologies can contribute to solve some of the problems related to metal recycling. These approaches use natural properties of organisms, bio-compounds, and biomolecules to interact with minerals, materials, metals, or metal ions such as surface attachment, mineral dissolution, transformation, and metal complexation. Further, modern genetic approaches, e.g. realized by synthetic biology, enable the smart design of new chemicals. The article presents some recent developments in the fields of bioleaching, biosorption, bioreduction, and bioflotation, and their use for metal recovery from different waste materials. Currently only few of these developments are commercialized. Major limitations are high costs in comparison to conventional methods and low element selectivity. The article discusses future trends to overcome these barriers. Especially interdisciplinary approaches, the combination of different technologies, the inclusion of modern genetic methods, as well as the consideration of existing, yet unexplored natural resources will push innovations in these fields.
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Redesigning of Microbial Cell Surface and Its Application to Whole-Cell Biocatalysis and Biosensors. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 185:396-418. [PMID: 29168153 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2662-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Microbial cell surface display technology can redesign cell surfaces with functional proteins and peptides to endow cells some unique features. Foreign peptides or proteins are transported out of cells and immobilized on cell surface by fusing with anchoring proteins, which is an effective solution to avoid substance transfer limitation, enzyme purification, and enzyme instability. As the most frequently used prokaryotic and eukaryotic protein surface display system, bacterial and yeast surface display systems have been widely applied in vaccine, biocatalysis, biosensor, bioadsorption, and polypeptide library screening. In this review of bacterial and yeast surface display systems, different cell surface display mechanisms and their applications in biocatalysis as well as biosensors are described with their strengths and shortcomings. In addition to single enzyme display systems, multi-enzyme co-display systems are presented here. Finally, future developments based on our and other previous reports are discussed.
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Tafakori V, Zadmard R, Tabandeh F, Amoozegar MA, Ahmadian G. Equilibrium Isotherm, Kinetic Modeling, Optimization, and Characterization Studies of Cadmium Adsorption by Surface-Engineered Escherichia coli. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2017; 21:380-91. [PMID: 28555492 PMCID: PMC5572434 DOI: 10.18869/acadpub.ibj.21.6.380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background Amongst the methods that remove heavy metals from environment, biosorption approaches have received increased attention because of their environmentally friendly and cost-effective feature, as well as their superior performances. Methods In the present study, we investigated the ability of a surface-engineered Escherichia coli, carrying the cyanobacterial metallothionein on the cell surface, in the removal of Ca (II) from solution under different experimental conditions. The biosorption process was optimized using central composite design. In parallel, the kinetics of metal biosorption was studied, and the rate constants of different kinetic models were calculated. Results Cadmium biosorption is followed by the second-order kinetics. Freundlich and Langmuir equations were used to analyze sorption data; characteristic parameters were determined for each adsorption isotherm. The biosorption process was optimized using the central composite design. The optimal cadmium sorption capacity (284.69 nmol/mg biomass) was obtained at 40°C (pH 8) and a biomass dosage of 10 mg. The influence of two elutants, EDTA and CaCl2, was also assessed on metal recovery. Approximately, 68.58% and 56.54% of the adsorbed cadmium were removed by EDTA and CaCl2 during desorption, respectively. The Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR) analysis indicated that carboxyl, amino, phosphoryl, thiol, and hydroxyl are the main chemical groups involved in the cadmium bioadsorption process. Conclusion Results from this study implied that chemical adsorption on the heterogeneous surface of E. coli E and optimization of adsorption parameters provides a highly efficient bioadsorbent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vida Tafakori
- Department of Cell and Molecular Sciences, School of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Zadmard
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Tabandeh
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Amoozegar
- Extremophiles Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Ahmadian
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
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Zeraatkar AK, Ahmadzadeh H, Talebi AF, Moheimani NR, McHenry MP. Potential use of algae for heavy metal bioremediation, a critical review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016; 181:817-831. [PMID: 27397844 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Algae have several industrial applications that can lower the cost of biofuel co-production. Among these co-production applications, environmental and wastewater bioremediation are increasingly important. Heavy metal pollution and its implications for public health and the environment have led to increased interest in developing environmental biotechnology approaches. We review the potential for algal biosorption and/or neutralization of the toxic effects of heavy metal ions, primarily focusing on their cellular structure, pretreatment, modification, as well as potential application of genetic engineering in biosorption performance. We evaluate pretreatment, immobilization, and factors affecting biosorption capacity, such as initial metal ion concentration, biomass concentration, initial pH, time, temperature, and interference of multi metal ions and introduce molecular tools to develop engineered algal strains with higher biosorption capacity and selectivity. We conclude that consideration of these parameters can lead to the development of low-cost micro and macroalgae cultivation with high bioremediation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hossein Ahmadzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, 1436-91779, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Farhad Talebi
- Genetic Department, Faculty of Biotechnology, Semnan University, Semnan, 35131-19111, Iran
| | - Navid R Moheimani
- Algae R&D Centre, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Australia
| | - Mark P McHenry
- School of Engineering and Information Technology, Murdoch University, Australia
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Kane AL, Al-Shayeb B, Holec PV, Rajan S, Le Mieux NE, Heinsch SC, Psarska S, Aukema KG, Sarkar CA, Nater EA, Gralnick JA. Toward Bioremediation of Methylmercury Using Silica Encapsulated Escherichia coli Harboring the mer Operon. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147036. [PMID: 26761437 PMCID: PMC4712050 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mercury is a highly toxic heavy metal and the ability of the neurotoxin methylmercury to biomagnify in the food chain is a serious concern for both public and environmental health globally. Because thousands of tons of mercury are released into the environment each year, remediation strategies are urgently needed and prompted this study. To facilitate remediation of both organic and inorganic forms of mercury, Escherichia coli was engineered to harbor a subset of genes (merRTPAB) from the mercury resistance operon. Protein products of the mer operon enable transport of mercury into the cell, cleavage of organic C-Hg bonds, and subsequent reduction of ionic mercury to the less toxic elemental form, Hg(0). E. coli containing merRTPAB was then encapsulated in silica beads resulting in a biological-based filtration material. Performing encapsulation in aerated mineral oil yielded silica beads that were smooth, spherical, and similar in diameter. Following encapsulation, E. coli containing merRTPAB retained the ability to degrade methylmercury and performed similarly to non-encapsulated cells. Due to the versatility of both the engineered mercury resistant strain and silica bead technology, this study provides a strong foundation for use of the resulting biological-based filtration material for methylmercury remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aunica L. Kane
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Basem Al-Shayeb
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Patrick V. Holec
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Srijay Rajan
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Nicholas E. Le Mieux
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Stephen C. Heinsch
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Sona Psarska
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Kelly G. Aukema
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Casim A. Sarkar
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Edward A. Nater
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey A. Gralnick
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Eskandari V, Yakhchali B, Sadeghi M, Karkhane AA, Ahmadi-Danesh H. Efficient Cadmium Bioaccumulation by Displayed Hybrid CS3 Pili: Effect of Heavy Metal Binding Motif Insertion Site on Adsorption Capacity and Selectivity. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 177:1729-41. [PMID: 26438314 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1849-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of insertion site of the metal binding motif on the bioaccumulation capacity of the hybrid CS3 pili displayed on the surface of Escherichia coli using both computational and experimental methods. Two metal binding motifs (cadmium binding motif (cbm) and cadmium binding beta motif (cbβm)), identified by searching against the PROSITE database, were inserted into five putative permissive sites of CstH protein (CS3 pili subunit) by using SOEing PCR technique. The expression and surface display of the hybrid pili were evaluated using dot and Western blotting methods and also immunofluorescence microscopy. The cadmium binding affinity and selectivity of the recombinant bacteria displaying various hybrid pili were evaluated using atomic absorption procedure. The results showed that the cadmium binding motifs enabled the cells to sequester cadmium 8- to 16-fold higher than the E.coli expressing native pili. The location of the metal binding motifs in the pili subunit had also a significant effect on the metal-binding properties of the hybrid pili. The insertion at positions 107-108 and 92-93 of the mature CstH showed the highest adsorption in comparison to other positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vajiheh Eskandari
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Shahrak-e Pajoohesh, Km 15, Karaj Highway, P.O. Box 14965/161, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Bagher Yakhchali
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Shahrak-e Pajoohesh, Km 15, Karaj Highway, P.O. Box 14965/161, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Sadeghi
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Shahrak-e Pajoohesh, Km 15, Karaj Highway, P.O. Box 14965/161, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Asghar Karkhane
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Shahrak-e Pajoohesh, Km 15, Karaj Highway, P.O. Box 14965/161, Tehran, Iran
| | - Houra Ahmadi-Danesh
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Shahrak-e Pajoohesh, Km 15, Karaj Highway, P.O. Box 14965/161, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
A variety of bioactive peptides and proteins have been successfully displayed on the surface of recombinant spores of
Bacillus subtilis
and other sporeformers. In most cases, spore display has been achieved by stably anchoring the foreign molecules to endogenous surface proteins or parts of them. Recombinant spores have been proposed for a large number of potential applications ranging from oral vaccine vehicles to bioremediation tools, and including biocatalysts, probiotics for animal or human use, as well as the generation and screening of mutagenesis libraries. In addition, a nonrecombinant approach has been recently developed to adsorb antigens and enzymes on the spore surface. This nonrecombinant approach appears particularly well suited for applications involving the delivery of active molecules to human or animal mucosal surfaces. Both the recombinant and nonrecombinant spore display systems have a number of advantages over cell- or phage-based systems. The stability, safety of spores of several bacterial species, and amenability to laboratory manipulations, together with the lack of some constraints limiting the use of other systems, make the spore a highly efficient platform to display heterologous proteins.
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Krishnani KK, Chen W, Mulchandani A. Bactericidal activity of elastin-like polypeptide biopolymer with polyhistidine domain and silver. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 119:66-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Hsieh JL, Chen CY, Chang JS, Endo G, Huang CC. Overexpression of a Single Membrane Component from theBacillus merOperon Enhanced Mercury Resistance in anEscherichia coliHost. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 71:1494-9. [PMID: 17587680 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.70003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of a mercuric ion binding protein, MerP, from the mercury resistance operon genes of Gram-positive bacterial strain Bacillus megaterium MB1 and from Gram-negative bacterial strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa K-62 was found to enhance the mercury resistance level of Escherichia coli host cells, even though they share only 27.3% identity. Immunoblot analysis showed that MerP (BMerP) from Bacillus could be expressed on the membrane fraction of E. coli cells. Treated with 10 microM Hg2+, a recombinant strain harboring the BMerP gene significantly improved, showing a 27% increase in mercuric ion adsorption capacity, 16% better than that of a Pseudomonas merP gene (PMerP)-harboring strain. While multiple heavy metals co-existed, the mercuric ion adsorption capacity of the BMerP-harboring E. coli was not affected while that of the PMerP-harboring strain decreased. These results suggest that BMerP can act as a bio-adsorbent compartmentalizing the toxic mercuric ion on the cell membrane and enhancing resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Liang Hsieh
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Eskandari V, Yakhchali B, Sadeghi M, Karkhane AA. In silicodesign and construction of metal-binding hybrid proteins for specific removal of cadmium based on CS3 pili display on the surface ofEscherichia coli. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2013; 60:564-72. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vajiheh Eskandari
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB); Tehran Iran
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science; Zanjan University; Zanjan Iran
| | - Bagher Yakhchali
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB); Tehran Iran
| | - Mehdi Sadeghi
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB); Tehran Iran
| | - Ali Asghar Karkhane
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB); Tehran Iran
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Park TJ, Heo NS, Yim SS, Park JH, Jeong KJ, Lee SY. Surface display of recombinant proteins on Escherichia coli by BclA exosporium of Bacillus anthracis. Microb Cell Fact 2013; 12:81. [PMID: 24053632 PMCID: PMC3850424 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-12-81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The anchoring motif is one of the most important aspects of cell surface display as well as efficient and stable display of target proteins. Thus, there is currently a need for the identification and isolation of novel anchoring motifs. Results A system for the display of recombinant proteins on the surface of Escherichia coli was developed using the Bacillus anthracis exosporal protein (BclA) as a new anchoring motif. For the surface display of recombinant proteins, the BAN display platform was constructed in which a target protein is linked to the C-terminus of N-terminal domain (21 amino acids) of BclA. The potential application of BAN platform for cell surface display was demonstrated with two model proteins of different size, the Bacillus sp. endoxylanase (XynA) and monooxygenase (P450 BM3m2). Through experimental analysis including outer membrane fractionation, confocal microscopy and activity assay, it was clearly confirmed that both model proteins were successfully displayed with high activities on the E. coli cell surface. Conclusions These results of this study suggest that the strategy employing the B. anthracis BclA as an anchoring motif is suitable for the display of heterologous proteins on the surface of E. coli and consequently for various biocatalytic applications as well as protein engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Jung Park
- BioProcess Engineering Research Center, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea.
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Li PS, Tao HC. Cell surface engineering of microorganisms towards adsorption of heavy metals. Crit Rev Microbiol 2013; 41:140-9. [DOI: 10.3109/1040841x.2013.813898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Yim SS, An SJ, Han MJ, Choi JW, Jeong KJ. Isolation of a Potential Anchoring Motif Based on Proteome Analysis of Escherichia coli and Its Use for Cell Surface Display. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 170:787-804. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0236-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sauge-Merle S, Lecomte-Pradines C, Carrier P, Cuiné S, Dubow M. Heavy metal accumulation by recombinant mammalian metallothionein within Escherichia coli protects against elevated metal exposure. CHEMOSPHERE 2012; 88:918-924. [PMID: 22560974 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) are ubiquitous metal-binding, cysteine-rich, small proteins known to provide protection against toxic heavy metals such as cadmium. In an attempt to increase the ability of bacterial cells to accumulate heavy metals, sheep MTII was produced in fusion with the maltose binding protein (MBP) and localized to the cytoplasmic or periplasmic compartments of Escherichia coli. For all metals tested, higher levels of bioaccumulation were measured with strains over-expressing MBP-MT in comparison with control strains. A marked bioaccumulation of Cd, As, Hg and Zn was observed in the strain over-expressing MBP-MT in the cytoplasm, whereas Cu was accumulated to higher levels when MBP-MT was over-expressed in the periplasm. Metal export systems may also play a role in this bioaccumulation. To illustrate this, we over-expressed MBP-MT in the cytoplasm of two mutant strains of E. coli affected in metal export. The first, deficient in the transporter ZntA described to export numerous divalent metal ions, showed increasing quantities of Zn, Cd, Hg and Pb being bioaccumulated. The second, strain LF20012, deficient in As export, showed that As was bioaccumulated in the form of arsenite. Furthermore, high quantities of accumulated metals, chelated by MBP-MT in the cytoplasm, conferred greater metal resistance levels to the cells in the presence of added toxic metals, such as Cd or Hg, while other metals showed toxic effects when the export systems were deficient. The strain over-expressing MBP-MT in the cytoplasm, in combination, with disruption of metal export systems, could be used to develop strategies for bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Sauge-Merle
- CEA, DSV, IBEB, Lab Interact Protein Metal, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F-13108, France.
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Surface Display of Bacterial Metallothioneins and a Chitin Binding Domain on Escherichia coli Increase Cadmium Adsorption and Cell Immobilization. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 167:462-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9684-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Capdevila M, Bofill R, Palacios Ò, Atrian S. State-of-the-art of metallothioneins at the beginning of the 21st century. Coord Chem Rev 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2011.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ghorbani S, Tabandeh F, Yakhchali B, Mehrnia MR. Immobilization of recombinant nanobiofiber CS3 fimbriae onto alginate beads for improvement of cadmium biosorption. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-011-0023-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Ruiz ON, Alvarez D, Gonzalez-Ruiz G, Torres C. Characterization of mercury bioremediation by transgenic bacteria expressing metallothionein and polyphosphate kinase. BMC Biotechnol 2011; 11:82. [PMID: 21838857 PMCID: PMC3180271 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-11-82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The use of transgenic bacteria has been proposed as a suitable alternative for mercury remediation. Ideally, mercury would be sequestered by metal-scavenging agents inside transgenic bacteria for subsequent retrieval. So far, this approach has produced limited protection and accumulation. We report here the development of a transgenic system that effectively expresses metallothionein (mt-1) and polyphosphate kinase (ppk) genes in bacteria in order to provide high mercury resistance and accumulation. Results In this study, bacterial transformation with transcriptional and translational enhanced vectors designed for the expression of metallothionein and polyphosphate kinase provided high transgene transcript levels independent of the gene being expressed. Expression of polyphosphate kinase and metallothionein in transgenic bacteria provided high resistance to mercury, up to 80 μM and 120 μM, respectively. Here we show for the first time that metallothionein can be efficiently expressed in bacteria without being fused to a carrier protein to enhance mercury bioremediation. Cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry analyzes revealed that the mt-1 transgenic bacteria accumulated up to 100.2 ± 17.6 μM of mercury from media containing 120 μM Hg. The extent of mercury remediation was such that the contaminated media remediated by the mt-1 transgenic bacteria supported the growth of untransformed bacteria. Cell aggregation, precipitation and color changes were visually observed in mt-1 and ppk transgenic bacteria when these cells were grown in high mercury concentrations. Conclusion The transgenic bacterial system described in this study presents a viable technology for mercury bioremediation from liquid matrices because it provides high mercury resistance and accumulation while inhibiting elemental mercury volatilization. This is the first report that shows that metallothionein expression provides mercury resistance and accumulation in recombinant bacteria. The high accumulation of mercury in the transgenic cells could present the possibility of retrieving the accumulated mercury for further industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar N Ruiz
- Inter American University of Puerto Rico, Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, 500 Dr. John Will Harris, Bayamon, Puerto Rico.
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Kuroda K, Ueda M. Molecular design of the microbial cell surface toward the recovery of metal ions. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2011; 22:427-33. [PMID: 21247751 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2010.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2010] [Revised: 12/25/2010] [Accepted: 12/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The genetic engineering of microorganisms to adsorb metal ions is an attractive method to facilitate the environmental cleanup of metal pollution and to enrich the recovery of metal ions such as rare metal ions. For the recovery of metal ions by microorganisms, cell surface design is an effective strategy for the molecular breeding of bioadsorbents as an alternative to intracellular accumulation. The cell surface display of known metal-binding proteins/peptides and the molecular design of novel metal-binding proteins/peptides have been performed using a cell surface engineering approach. The adsorption of specific metal ions is the important challenge for the practical recovery of metal ions. In this paper, we discuss the recent progress in surface-engineered bioadsorbents for the recovery of metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouichi Kuroda
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Liu S, Zhang F, Chen J, Sun G. Arsenic removal from contaminated soil via biovolatilization by genetically engineered bacteria under laboratory conditions. J Environ Sci (China) 2011; 23:1544-1550. [PMID: 22432292 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(10)60570-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In Rhodopseudomonas palustris, an arsM gene, encoding bacterial and archaeal homologues of the mammalian Cyt19 As(III) S-adenosylmethionine methytransferase, was regulated by arsenicals. An expression of arsM was introduced into strains for the methylation of arsenic. When arsM was expressed in Sphingomonas desiccabilis and Bacillus idriensis, it had 10 folds increase of methyled arsenic gas compared to wild type in aqueous system. In soil system, about 2.2%-4.5% of arsenic was removed by biovolatilization during 30 days. This study demonstrated that arsenic could be removed through volatilization from the contaminated soil by bacteria which have arsM gene expressed. These results showed that it is possible to use microorganisms expressing arsM as an inexpensive, efficient strategy for arsenic bioremediation from contaminated water and soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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Efficient binding of nickel ions to recombinant Bacillus subtilis spores. Res Microbiol 2010; 161:757-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2010.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2010] [Accepted: 07/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Engineering of microorganisms towards recovery of rare metal ions. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 87:53-60. [PMID: 20393699 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2581-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2010] [Revised: 03/16/2010] [Accepted: 03/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The bioadsorption of metal ions using microorganisms is an attractive technology for the recovery of rare metal ions as well as removal of toxic heavy metal ions from aqueous solution. In initial attempts, microorganisms with the ability to accumulate metal ions were isolated from nature and intracellular accumulation was enhanced by the overproduction of metal-binding proteins in the cytoplasm. As an alternative, the cell surface design of microorganisms by cell surface engineering is an emerging strategy for bioadsorption and recovery of metal ions. Cell surface engineering was firstly applied to the construction of a bioadsorbent to adsorb heavy metal ions for bioremediation. Cell surface adsorption of metal ions is rapid and reversible. Therefore, adsorbed metal ions can be easily recovered without cell breakage, and the bioadsorbent can be reused or regenerated. These advantages are suitable for the recovery of rare metal ions. Actually, the cell surface display of a molybdate-binding protein on yeast led to the enhanced adsorption of molybdate, one of the rare metal ions. An additional advantage is that the cell surface display system allows high-throughput screening of protein/peptide libraries owing to the direct evaluation of the displayed protein/peptide without purification and concentration. Therefore, the creation of novel metal-binding protein/peptide and engineering of microorganisms towards the recovery of rare metal ions could be simultaneously achieved.
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Cell surface engineering of yeast for applications in white biotechnology. Biotechnol Lett 2010; 33:1-9. [PMID: 20872167 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-010-0403-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Accepted: 08/31/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Cell surface engineering is a promising strategy for the molecular breeding of whole-cell biocatalysts. By using this strategy, yeasts can be constructed by the cell surface display of functional proteins; these yeasts are referred to as arming yeasts. Because reactions using arming yeasts as whole-cell biocatalysts occur on the cell surface, materials that cannot enter the cell can be used as reaction substrates. Numerous arming yeasts have therefore been constructed for a wide range of uses such as biofuel production, synthesis of valuable chemicals, adsorption or degradation of environmental pollutants, recovery of rare metal ions, and biosensors. Here, we review the science of yeast cell surface modification as well as current applications and future opportunities.
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Lin KH, Chien MF, Hsieh JL, Huang CC. Mercury resistance and accumulation in Escherichia coli with cell surface expression of fish metallothionein. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 87:561-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2466-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2009] [Revised: 01/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Surface display of metal fixation motifs of bacterial P1-type ATPases specifically promotes biosorption of Pb(2+) by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 76:2615-22. [PMID: 20173062 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01463-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Biosorption of metal ions may take place by different passive metal-sequestering processes such as ion exchange, complexation, physical entrapment, and inorganic microprecipitation or by a combination of these. To improve the biosorption capacity of the potential yeast biosorbent, short metal-binding NP peptides (harboring the CXXEE metal fixation motif of the bacterial Pb(2+)-transporting P1-type ATPases) were efficiently displayed and covalently anchored to the cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. These were fusions to the carboxyl-terminal part of the sexual adhesion glycoprotein alpha-agglutinin (AGalpha1Cp). Compared to yeast cells displaying the anchoring domain only, those having a surface display of NP peptides multiplied their Pb(2+) biosorption capacity from solutions containing a 75 to 300 microM concentration of the metal ion up to 5-fold. The S-type Pb(2+) biosorption isotherms, plus the presence of electron-dense deposits (with an average size of 80 by 240 nm, observed by transmission electron microscopy) strongly suggested that the improved biosorption potential of NP-displaying cells is due to the onset of microprecipitation of Pb species on the modified cell wall. The power of an improved capacity for Pb biosorption was also retained by the isolated cell walls containing NP peptides. Their Pb(2+) biosorption property was insensitive to the presence of a 3-fold molar excess of either Cd(2+) or Zn(2+). These results suggest that the biosorption mechanism can be specifically upgraded with microprecipitation by the engineering of the biosorbent with an eligible metal-binding peptide.
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Self-immobilization of Recombinant Caulobacter crescentus and Its Application in Removal of Cadmium from Water. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2010; 162:1160-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-009-8885-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2009] [Accepted: 12/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Han MJ, Lee SY, Koh ST, Noh SG, Han WH. Biotechnological applications of microbial proteomes. J Biotechnol 2010; 145:341-9. [PMID: 20045032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2009.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2009] [Revised: 11/21/2009] [Accepted: 12/23/2009] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Advances in proteomic technologies have led to the creation of large-scale proteome databases that can be used to elucidate invaluable information on the dynamics of the metabolic, signaling and regulatory networks and to aid understanding of physiological changes. In particular, proteomics can have practical applications, for example, through the identification of proteins that may be potential targets for the biotechnology industry, and through the extension of our understanding of the physiological action of these proteins. In this review, we describe proteomic approaches for the discovery of targets that have potential biotechnological applications. These targets include promoters, chaperones, soluble fusion partners, anchoring motifs, and excretion fusion partners. In addition, we discuss the potential applications of proteomic techniques for the design of future bioprocesses and the optimization of existing ones. Successful applications of proteomic information have proven to have enormous value for both scientific and practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mee-Jung Han
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Dongyang University, # 1 Gyochon-dong, Punggi-eup, Yeongju, Gyeongbuk 750-711, Republic of Korea.
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Kožíšek M, Svatoš A, Buděšínský M, Muck A, Bauer M, Kotrba P, Ruml T, Havlas Z, Linse S, Rulíšek L. Molecular Design of Specific Metal-Binding Peptide Sequences from Protein Fragments: Theory and Experiment. Chemistry 2008; 14:7836-46. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200800178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Deng X, Hu ZL, Yi XE. Continuous treatment process of mercury removal from aqueous solution by growing recombinant E. coli cells and modeling study. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2008; 153:487-492. [PMID: 17920767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.08.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2007] [Revised: 08/29/2007] [Accepted: 08/29/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A continuous treatment process was developed to investigate the capability of genetically engineered E. coli to simultaneously accumulate mercuric ions and reproduce itself in a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) system. The influence of dilution rate and initial Hg(2+) concentration on continuous process was evaluated. Results indicated that the recombinant E. coli could effectively accumulate Hg(2+) from aqueous solution with Hg(2+) removal ratio up to about 90%, and propagate its cells at the same time in the continuous treatment system under suitable operational conditions. A kinetic model based on mass balance of Hg(2+) was proposed to simulate the continuous process. The modeling results were in good agreement with the experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Deng
- Institute of Ecology and Environment, College of Life Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, PR China.
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Singh S, Mulchandani A, Chen W. Highly selective and rapid arsenic removal by metabolically engineered Escherichia coli cells expressing Fucus vesiculosus metallothionein. Appl Environ Microbiol 2008; 74:2924-7. [PMID: 18326684 PMCID: PMC2394894 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02871-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2007] [Accepted: 02/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An arsenic-chelating metallothionein (fMT) from the arsenic-tolerant marine alga Fucus vesiculosus was expressed in Escherichia coli, resulting in 30- and 26-fold-higher As(III) and As(V) binding, respectively. Coexpression of the As(III)-specific transporter GlpF with fMT further improved arsenic accumulation and offered high selectivity toward As. Resting E. coli cells coexpressing fMT and GlpF completely removed trace amounts (35 ppb) of As(III) within 20 min, providing a promising technology for compliance with the As limit of 10 ppb newly recommended by the U.S. EPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailendra Singh
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521.
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Saleem M, Brim H, Hussain S, Arshad M, Leigh M, Zia-ul-hassan. Perspectives on microbial cell surface display in bioremediation. Biotechnol Adv 2008; 26:151-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2007.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2007] [Revised: 10/04/2007] [Accepted: 10/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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48
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Kotrba P, Vinopal S, Svorcikova J, Ruml T. Enhanced metallosorption by surface-engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biotechnol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2007.07.394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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49
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Kang SH, Singh S, Kim JY, Lee W, Mulchandani A, Chen W. Bacteria metabolically engineered for enhanced phytochelatin production and cadmium accumulation. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007; 73:6317-20. [PMID: 17675418 PMCID: PMC2075016 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01237-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytochelatins (PCs) with good binding affinities for a wide range of heavy metals were exploited to develop microbial sorbents for cadmium removal. PC synthase from Schizosaccharomyces pombe (SpPCS) was overexpressed in Escherichia coli, resulting in PC synthesis and 7.5-times-higher Cd accumulation. The coexpression of a variant gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase desensitized to feedback inhibition (GshI) increased the supply of the PC precursor glutathione, resulting in further increases of 10- and 2-fold in PC production and Cd accumulation, respectively. A Cd transporter, MntA, was expressed with SpPCS and GshI to improve Cd uptake, resulting in a further 1.5-fold increase in Cd accumulation. The level of Cd accumulation in this recombinant E. coli strain (31.6 micromol/g [dry weight] of cells) was more than 25-fold higher than that in the control strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hyun Kang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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