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Wang CH, Huang YN, Liao WL, Hsieh AR, Lin WD, Liu KW, Lu WL, Huang CC, Chien YH, Lee NC, Su PH, Tsai FJ. GBA1 as a risk gene for osteoporosis in the specific populations and its role in the development of Gaucher disease. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2024; 19:144. [PMID: 38575988 PMCID: PMC10993575 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-024-03132-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis and its primary complication, fragility fractures, contribute to substantial global morbidity and mortality. Gaucher disease (GD) is caused by glucocerebrosidase (GBA1) deficiency, leading to skeletal complications. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the GBA1 gene on osteoporosis progression in GD patients and the specific populations. METHODS We selected 8115 patients with osteoporosis (T-score ≤ - 2.5) and 55,942 healthy individuals (T-score > - 1) from a clinical database (N = 95,223). Monocytes from GD patients were evaluated in relation to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, inflammasome activation, and osteoclastogenesis. An in vitro model of GD patient's cells treated with adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9)-GBA1 to assess GBA1 enzyme activity, chitotriosidase activity, ER stress, and osteoclast differentiation. Longitudinal dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) data tracking bone density in patients with Gaucher disease (GD) undergoing enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) over an extended period. RESULTS The GBA1 gene variant rs11264345 was significantly associated [P < 0.002, Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.06] with an increased risk of bone disease. Upregulation of Calnexin, NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) and Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a C-terminal caspase recruitment domain (ASC) was positively associated with osteoclastogenesis in patients with GD. In vitro AAV9-GBA1 treatment of GD patient cells led to enhanced GBA1 enzyme activity, reduced chitotriosidase activity, diminished ER stress, and decreased osteoclast differentiation. Long-term bone density data suggests that initiating ERT earlier in GD leads to greater improvements in bone density. CONCLUSIONS Elevated ER stress and inflammasome activation are indicative of osteoporosis development, suggesting the need for clinical monitoring of patients with GD. Furthermore, disease-associated variant in the GBA1 gene may constitute a risk factor predisposing specific populations to osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Hsing Wang
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Children's Hospital of China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., South Dist., Taichung, 402306, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Nan Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., South Dist., Taichung, 402306, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ling Liao
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Center for Personalized Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Ru Hsieh
- Department of Statistics, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wei-De Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Genetic Center, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2 Yuh-Der Road, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- School of Post Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Wen Liu
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Children's Hospital of China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Li Lu
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Children's Hospital of China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Chen Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Hsiu Chien
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ni-Chung Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pen-Hua Su
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., South Dist., Taichung, 402306, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Children's Hospital of China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Genetic Center, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2 Yuh-Der Road, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
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Hung SHW, Wu IC, Huang CC, Kuo CH. Complete genome sequence of Erythrobacteraceae bacterium WH01K, a strain isolated from corals ( Acropora sp.) in Taiwan. Microbiol Resour Announc 2023; 12:e0083023. [PMID: 37933969 PMCID: PMC10720573 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00830-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we report the isolation and genome sequence of a coral-associated Erythrobacteraceae bacterium, strain WH01K. The complete assembly consists of one 2,745,896 bp circular chromosome and one 172,502 bp circular plasmid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hsun Walter Hung
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Advanced Plant and Food Crop Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - I-Chen Wu
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Chen Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Advanced Plant and Food Crop Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Horng Kuo
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Long YB, Huang CC, Pan HW, Rong JJ. [The clinical application of the index of microcirculatory resistance in patients with STEMI]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 2023; 51:1130-1136. [PMID: 37963747 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112148-20230915-00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Y B Long
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Clinical Medicine Research Center of Heart Failure of Hunan Province, Changsha 410000, China
| | - C C Huang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Clinical Medicine Research Center of Heart Failure of Hunan Province, Changsha 410000, China
| | - H W Pan
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Clinical Medicine Research Center of Heart Failure of Hunan Province, Changsha 410000, China
| | - J J Rong
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Clinical Medicine Research Center of Heart Failure of Hunan Province, Changsha 410000, China
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Huang CC, Niedzwiecki D, Wan Z, Chino JP. Clinical Outcomes of Sidewall/Parametrial Simultaneous Integrated Boost for Patients with Cervical Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e519. [PMID: 37785617 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.1785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) In the treatment of cervical cancer, simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) is a common technique to deliver increased dose to gross disease in the para-aortic and pelvic nodal basins. However, SIB to the pelvic sidewall/parametria is not well characterized in the literature. We hypothesized that sidewall simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) in the treatment of cervical cancer is associated with acceptable levels of toxicity. MATERIALS/METHODS From 1/2009-12/2018, patients who received concurrent chemoradiation with external beam radiation therapy, utilizing a sidewall SIB technique, followed by low dose rate or high dose rate brachytherapy treatment were retrospectively identified. Sidewall SIB was defined as treatment at 2.1-2.4Gy/fraction to the parametria-usually performed for those with disease width >4cm at time of treatment start. Acute and late toxicity grading was defined by the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events Version 5.0. Overall survival (OS), local control, progression-free survival (PFS), and toxicity were analyzed utilizing the Kaplan Meier method. Potential associations between cumulative D2cc for bladder and rectum and time to toxicity were investigated using Cox regression. RESULTS Fifty-six patients with IB2-IVB cervical cancer treated with sidewall SIB were identified, with a median follow up of 7.0 years (95% CI: 6.3, 8.3). Patients had a median age of 43 years (range: 26-68); 2 (3.6%) had FIGO stage I, 7 (12.5%) stage II, 46 (82.1%) stage III, and 1 (1.8%) stage IV disease. A majority had squamous cell histology (83.9%). Nearly all patients (96.4%) received concurrent cisplatin chemotherapy. Rates of acute grade ≥3 gastrointestinal (GI), genitourinary (GU), vaginal, and hematologic toxicity were 1.8%, 1.8%, 0%, and 15.9% respectively. Rates of late grade ≥3 GI, GU, and vaginal toxicity were 11.3%, 18.5%, and 11.1% respectively. OS and local control rates at five years were 0.61 (95% CI: 0.46, 0.73) and 0.95 (95% CI: 0.84, 0.98), respectively. Median PFS was 7.8 years (95% CI: 2.4, Not reached). Cumulative D2cc bladder was not significantly associated with time to Grade 2 or greater (HR 1.04, p = 0.33) or Grade 3 or greater (HR 1.02; p = 0.64) GU toxicity. Cumulative D2cc rectum was not significantly associated with time to Grade 2 or greater (HR 1.06, p = 0.06) or Grade 3 or greater (HR 1.08; p = 0.09) GI toxicity. CONCLUSION Sidewall SIB is a feasible technique for dose escalation in the treatment of cervical cancer with rates of acute and late toxicity consistent with other reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - D Niedzwiecki
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Z Wan
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - J P Chino
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
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Ho SY, Shieh LT, Huang CC, Chang CP. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Attenuates the Whole Brain Radiotherapy-Induced Progressive Cognitive Dysfunction via Promoting Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Rats. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e235-e236. [PMID: 37784936 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.1155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Radiation therapy is a widely used brain tumor treatment; however, it can cause significant effects on the central nervous system, including neurogenesis impairment, microglia activation, and oxidative stress, leading to brain injury. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has been shown to benefit various neurological conditions, but its effect on radiation-induced brain injury damage remains limited. This study aims to investigate the impact of HBOT on radiation-induced neurogenesis impairment, microglia activation, and lipid peroxidation levels, and also aim to assess the therapeutic potential of HBOT on preventing irradiation-induced brain injury. MATERIALS/METHODS This study used a rat model that delivered different doses (2, 4, 10 Gy) of whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT). The rats were divided into two groups: one received HBOT, and the other acted as the control (normal baric air, NBA) group. HBOT was performed on day 8 of post-radiation once per day for five consecutive days a week for four weeks. The rats were subjected to different irradiation dosages as described, followed by administration of 5-chloro-2'-deoxyuridine (CldU) immediately at day 0 or day 0 to day 7 and 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (IdU) at day 2 or day 14 to day 28 following WBRT to detect serially replicating cells. Then the rats underwent behavioral tests to assess their cognitive and motor function every week. Brain tissues were collected and analyzed to evaluate neurogenesis, microglia activation, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant levels using immunofluorescence stain and ELISA on days 7 and 28 of post-WBRT. RESULTS The radial maze was used to measure spatial learning and memory in rats. Compared with the 0 Gy-WBRT group, the 2 Gy-, 4 Gy-, and 10 Gy-WBRT groups of rats displayed a significant increase in latency. Seven days of post-WBRT, the newly proliferation cells (IdU positive) and serial replicating cells (CldU+IdU double positive) in the hippocampal dentate gyrus were significantly increased but were coupled with apoptosis. The alterations in the cellular composition of the dentate gyrus area were observed on days 7 and 28 post-WBRT, including increased newborn neuroblast and neuron, but half underwent apoptosis, which is associated with microglia phagocytosis and results in cognitive impairment. The lipid peroxidation was significantly increased on day 28 of post-WBRT. HBOT improves cognitive function by attenuating the WBRT-induced lipid oxidation, newly-formed cell apoptosis, and microglia phagocytosis. CONCLUSION Our present study suggests that HBOT may have a potential role in mitigating the effects of irradiation-induced brain injury by maintaining neurogenesis and reducing lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Ho
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - L T Shieh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - C C Huang
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - C P Chang
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
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Huang CC, Qazi JJ, Leng JX, Carpenter DJ, Natarajan BD, Arshad M, Schultz O, Moravan MJ, Mullikin TC, Reitman ZJ, Kirkpatrick JP, Floyd SR, Chmura SJ, Hong JC, Salama JK. Pretreatment Clinical Parameters Associated with Intracranial Progression Burden Following an Initial Stereotactic Radiosurgery Course in a Multi-Institutional Brain Metastases Cohort. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e109-e110. [PMID: 37784644 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) While brain metastasis (BM) velocity is a valuable prognostic metric at time of intracranial progression (ICP), pre-SRS risk factors for post-SRS high-burden intracranial progression (ICP) remain poorly characterized. We hypothesized that pre-SRS clinical parameters are associated with subsequent high-burden (ICP), defined as either ≥5 (ICP5) or new/progressive ≥11 BMs (ICP11). MATERIALS/METHODS All patients completing an initial SRS course for BMs at two institutions from 1/2015-12/2020 were retrospectively identified. Patients with prior whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) and/or BM resection were eligible. Demographic and clinical parameters were collected. ICP was defined as any radiographic concern for distant and/or in-field progression per multidisciplinary consensus. Overall survival (OS) and freedom from ICP were estimated via the Kaplan Meier method. Cox models assessed association between parameters and freedom from ICP5 and ICP11. RESULTS We identified 1383 patients completed SRS, with a median follow up of 8.7 months. Patients were 54.8% female, 45.6% with KPS ≥90, and a median of 63.4 years old. Primary tumor types included non-small cell lung (48.7%), breast (14.7%), and melanoma (8.5%). 46.9% had oligometastatic disease (≤5 metastatic foci: including BMs) at SRS, and 53.4% underwent SRS for >1 BM. 10.3% of patients had undergone prior WBRT and 26.1% surgical resection. 555 patients (40.1%) experienced ICP following SRS, of whom 72.6% had 1-4, 11.5% had 5-10, and 15.9% had ≥11 new/progressive BMs. Among patients with ICP, 6-month freedom from ICP was 35.5% (95% CI: 31.1-40.5%) for those with 1-4 BMs at time of ICP, 29.7% (95% CI: 20.4-43.3%) for 5-10 BMs, and 20.5% (95% CI: 13.5-30.1%) for ≥11 BMs (p = 0.016). Respective 12-month OS rates were 56.8% (95% CI: 52.1-61.9%), 46.0% (95% CI: 35.1-60.1%), and 38.7% (95% CI: 29.4-50.9%; p<0.001). Neurologic symptoms at time of ICP were observed in 21.1% of patients with 1-4 BMs, 28.1% with 5-10 BMs, and 50.0% with new/progressive ≥11 BMs (p<0.001). On multivariable analysis, superior freedom from high-burden ICP was associated with the following pre-SRS parameters: oligometastatic burden (ICP5: HR 0.68, 95% CI: 0.47-0.99; ICP11: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.36-0.97), no prior immunotherapy (ICP11: HR 0.57, 95% CI: 0.34-0.57), and a single BM at time of initial SRS (1 vs 2 BM, ICP 5: HR 0.51, 95% CI: 0.31-0.82; ICP11: HR 0.45, 95% CI: 0.24-0.84), while primary tumor type was not associated with ICP5 or ICP11. CONCLUSION Pre-SRS parameters including polymetastatic burden, prior receipt of immunotherapy, and >1 BM were associated with post-SRS high-burden ICP. High burden ICP developed earlier following SRS completion and was associated with higher rates of neurologic decline and inferior OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - J J Qazi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - J X Leng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - D J Carpenter
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Cancer Center, Durham, NC
| | - B D Natarajan
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - M Arshad
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - O Schultz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - M J Moravan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - T C Mullikin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | | | - J P Kirkpatrick
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - S R Floyd
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - S J Chmura
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - J C Hong
- University of California, San Francisco, Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, San Francisco, CA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - J K Salama
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC
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Kleber T, Floyd W, Pasli M, Qazi JJ, Huang CC, Leng JX, Carpenter DJ, Ackerson B, Salama JK, Boyer MJ. ChatGPT is an Unreliable Tool for Reviewing Radiation Oncology Literature. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e523. [PMID: 37785630 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.1795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) To assess whether ChatGPT, a popular deep learning text generation tool, can serve as a resource for in-training and practicing clinicians by accurately identifying and summarizing studies related to radiation oncology. MATERIALS/METHODS Three question templates (Q1-Q3, shown in Table 1) were applied to eight cancer types to compile 24 questions posed to ChatGPT. Cancer types were designated as either common (breast, non-small cell lung, prostate, p16 positive oropharyngeal, and rectal) or uncommon (hypopharyngeal, medulloblastoma, and vulvar). ChatGPT's responses to each question were then reviewed to quantify the number of studies referenced in the response, the percentage of studies listed that were real studies, and the percentage of studies listed that were correctly summarized. Outcomes were compared between cancer types (common vs uncommon) and question types using Wilcoxon rank sum tests. As a secondary analysis, we assessed internal consistency of ChatGPT's responses by querying ChatGPT with three identical iterations of Q1-Q3 for breast cancer and comparing its responses between iterations. RESULTS Across all 24 of ChatGPT's responses, there were 78 studies referenced, of which 37 (47.4%) were real studies and 7 (9.0%) were correctly summarized. On average, each response included 3.25 (standard deviation (SD): 0.74) studies, of which 44.0% (SD: 44.2%) were real studies and 7.8% (SD: 14.6%) were correctly summarized. The proportion of correctly summarized studies was not significantly different between common vs uncommon cancers [p = 0.29], between questions that specified randomized-control trials (Q3) vs not (Q1 or Q2) [p = 0.94], or between questions that specified intensity modulated radiotherapy (Q2) vs not (Q1 or Q3) [p = 0.31]. Across the three iterations of ChatGPT queries for breast cancer, the number of studies listed for Q1, Q2, and Q3 ranged from 3 to 5, 2 to 3, and 3 to 5, respectively; the number of correctly summarized studies listed for each question ranged from 0 to 2, 0 to 1, and 0 to 1, respectively. CONCLUSION ChatGPT's responses consistently included a large proportion of non-existent and incorrectly summarized studies. Furthermore, our secondary analysis suggests variability in the content and accuracy of ChatGPT responses to identical questions, raising further concerns regarding reliability. Overall, our findings argue against the use of ChatGPT as a tool for reviewing literature related to radiation oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kleber
- Wellstar Kennestone Regional Medical Center, Marietta, GA
| | - W Floyd
- Wellstar Kennestone Regional Medical Center, Marietta, GA
| | - M Pasli
- Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - J J Qazi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | | | - J X Leng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - D J Carpenter
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Cancer Center, Durham, NC
| | - B Ackerson
- Duke University Medical Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Durham, NC
| | - J K Salama
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - M J Boyer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
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Qazi JJ, Leng JX, Huang CC, Carpenter DJ, Natarajan BD, Arshad M, Schultz O, Moravan MJ, Mullikin TC, Reitman ZJ, Kirkpatrick JP, Floyd SR, Chmura SJ, Hong JC, Salama JK. Multi-Institutional Outcomes Following Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Gastrointestinal Brain Metastases. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e146-e147. [PMID: 37784725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Outcomes following stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for gastrointestinal (GI) brain metastases (BM) are poorly defined. We analyzed our multi-institutional database of SRS patients, comparing outcomes between GI and non-GI BM patients after SRS. MATERIALS/METHODS We retrospectively identified all patients completing an initial SRS course across two institutions from 1/2015-12/2020. Demographic and clinical parameters were manually captured. Intracranial progression (ICP) was defined as any concern on post-SRS imaging for recurrence determined by multidisciplinary consensus. Overall survival (OS) and freedom from ICP (FFICP) were estimated via Kaplan Meier models. Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess associations between ICP and parameters. RESULTS Among 1383 total patients completing SRS for BM, 102 (7.4%) had GI BM. Among these, 46 (45.1%) were of colorectal (CRC) and 34 (33.3%) esophageal origin. Other GI sites (21.6%) included anal, pancreatic, gastric, GI of unknown origin, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Median follow up was 8.7 mos. GI BM patients were more likely to be younger (mean 59.1 vs 63.5 yrs, p = 0.001), male (56.9% vs 44.3%, p = 0.014 ), have more extracranial metastases (mean 1.9 vs 1.6, p = 0.003), have received systemic therapy (73.5% vs 63.9%, p = 0.049) or resection of BM (45.1% vs 25.0%, p < 0.001) prior to SRS, have larger planned target volumes of all BMs (mean 20.3 ccs vs 15.0 ccs, p = 0.013), and were less likely to receive whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) prior to SRS (3.9% vs 10.8%, p = 0.028) or systemic therapy after SRS (54.9% vs 68.9%, p = 0.004). Among GI patients, median OS was 28.2 mos (95% CI 16.5-35.3), with no significant differences between GI and non-GI patients (p = 0.220) or among GI subgroups (CRC vs other GI: p = 0.731; esophageal vs other GI: p = 0.478). Median FFICP was significantly worse for GI patients (6.2 mos, 95% CI 4.0-9.6 mos) than for non-GI patients (12.4 mos, 95% CI 10.8-13.9 mos; p = 0.004). After accounting for age, sex, performance status, number of irradiated BMs, extracranial disease burden, extracranial disease control, interval from primary cancer diagnosis to BM diagnosis, resection status, receipt of prior WBRT, and receipt of post-SRS systemic therapy, GI origin was significantly associated with worse FFICP (HR 1.50, 95% CI 1.15-2.02, p = 0.007). FFICP was not significantly different between GI subgroups, with CRC and esophageal patients demonstrating median times to ICP of 5.0 mos (95% CI 3.4-9.6) and 7.2 mos (95% CI 2.7-14.1), respectively. Only 2 GI patients (2.0%) had ICP at site of prior SRS. CONCLUSION Across a modern, multi-institutional SRS cohort comparing GI to non-GI primary patients, BMs of GI origin demonstrated inferior FFICP to those of non-GI origin. OS did not vary significantly across GI and non-GI cases. Among GI subtypes, no significant differences were identified across FFICP or OS. These data may help inform treatment decisions and post-SRS surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Qazi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - J X Leng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - C C Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - D J Carpenter
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Cancer Center, Durham, NC
| | - B D Natarajan
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - M Arshad
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - O Schultz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - M J Moravan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - T C Mullikin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Z J Reitman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - J P Kirkpatrick
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - S R Floyd
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - S J Chmura
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - J C Hong
- University of California, San Francisco, Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, San Francisco, CA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - J K Salama
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC
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Leng JX, Huang CC, Qazi JJ, Carpenter DJ, Natarajan BD, Arshad M, Ferreira M, Schultz O, Moravan MJ, Mullikin TC, Reitman ZJ, Kirkpatrick JP, Floyd SR, Salama AKS, Fecci P, Chmura SJ, Hong JC, Salama JK. Clinical Outcomes Following an Initial Stereotactic Radiosurgery Course for Brain Metastases from Melanoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e128. [PMID: 37784684 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Brain metastases (BM) are common in melanoma patients. The effect of gene mutations is not well characterized since first-line metastatic therapy has shifted from chemotherapy (CHT) to molecularly targeted therapies (TT) and immunotherapy (IO). We report outcomes of melanoma BM patients stratified by molecular subtype and pre-stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) systemic therapy. MATERIALS/METHODS We identified all patients completing an initial SRS course for BM at two institutions between 1/2015 and 12/2020. Patients who had prior WBRT and/or resection were eligible. Demographic and clinical parameters were collected, along with melanoma tumor molecular characteristics. Intracranial progression (ICP) was defined as any radiographic distant and/or in-field progression per multidisciplinary consensus. Overall survival (OS) and freedom from ICP (FFICP) were estimated via the Kaplan Meier method. RESULTS From a total of 1383 SRS BM patients, we identified 118 (8.5%) with melanoma. Median follow up was 8.7 months, median age 64 years (IQR 51-72), 81% had cutaneous origin, and 55% had a KPS of 90-100. Molecular subtypes included BRAF (45%), NRAS (9.3%), and c-KIT (3.4%). Overall, 61% received IO prior to SRS, while 25% and 9.3% received TT and CHT prior to SRS respectively. 60% of patients harboring a mutation received IO as first line therapy, 10% received TT, and 30% received both TT and IO prior to SRS. BRAFmut patients more likely to have received TT prior to SRS (43% vs 9.2%, p<0.001) compared to BRAFwt patients. Median OS was 9.7 months (95% CI 7.8-13) and was not significantly different from non-melanoma patients (p = 0.6). Median FFICP was worse for melanoma patients (5.9 mos, 95% CI 3.5-8.5) than non-melanoma patients (8.96 mos, 95% CI 8.2-9.7, p = 0.009). A total of 72 ICP events occurred, with 56 (77.8%) distant ICP cases, 3 (4.2%) in-field ICP, and 13 (18%) ICP events that were radionecrosis (RN) only. RN was associated with the presence of a targetable mutation (18% vs 2%, p = 0.006) and receipt of TT pre-SRS (36% vs 9.8%, p = 0.001). BRAFmut patients had significantly worse FFICP (3.8 mos, 95% CI 3.0-6.8) compared to BRAFwt patients (8.5 mos, 95% CI 5.8-30.2, p = 0.006), although median OS was not significantly different (9.6 mos, 95% CI 6.9-16 vs 10.7 mos, 95% CI 6.7-15.5, p = 0.8). NRASmut was associated with better FFICP (29 mos, 95% CI 2.94-NA, p = 0.02). CONCLUSION In this modern, multi-institutional cohort of SRS patients, melanoma BM patients had worse FFICP compared to non-melanoma BM patients, and BRAFmut patients had worse FFICP than BRAFwt patients. RN was associated with mutational status and receipt of TT pre-SRS. OS did not vary significantly across groups. This analysis may help inform systemic therapy decisions and future genomic studies for patients with BMs from melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- J X Leng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - C C Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - J J Qazi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - D J Carpenter
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Cancer Center, Durham, NC
| | - B D Natarajan
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - M Arshad
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - M Ferreira
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - O Schultz
- University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - M J Moravan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - T C Mullikin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | | | - J P Kirkpatrick
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - S R Floyd
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | | | - P Fecci
- Duke University Medical Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Durham, NC
| | - S J Chmura
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - J C Hong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; University of California, San Francisco, Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, San Francisco, CA
| | - J K Salama
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC
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Floyd W, Kleber T, Pasli M, Qazi JJ, Huang CC, Leng JX, Ackerson B, Carpenter DJ, Salama JK, Boyer MJ. Evaluating the Reliability of Chat-GPT Model Responses for Radiation Oncology Patient Inquiries. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e383. [PMID: 37785294 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.2497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) To determine if ChatGPT, a popular deep learning text generation tool, accurately and comprehensively answers patient questions related to radiation oncology. MATERIALS/METHODS A total of 28 common patient-centered questions were selected across various radiation oncology content domains, including diagnosis (4), workup (3), treatment (8), toxicity (4), and survivorship (9). To assess whether ChatGPT could detect inaccurate assumptions and/or respond negatively, we included two "negative control" questions in the treatment and toxicity domains. All questions were applied to common cancer types (breast, non-small cell lung, prostate, p16+ oropharyngeal, and rectal), uncommon cancer types (hypopharyngeal, medulloblastoma, and vulvar), and colon cancer as an additional "negative control." The ChatGPT responses were graded as 0 for any incorrect information, 1 for missing essential content, and 2 for correct and appropriately comprehensive for the length of the response. Each response was graded by two blinded MD reviewers, with discordant answers resolved by a third MD reviewer. Score distribution was compared across content domains, question type ("negative control" vs other), cancer type, and cancer commonality using the Chi-squared test. RESULTS Overall, a total of 252 questions were submitted to ChatGPT. A total of 86 (34.1%) answers were found to contain inaccurate information, 66 (26.2%) contained correct information but were found to be missing essential context, and 100 (39.7%) responses to questions were graded as correct and comprehensive. There was no significant difference in response score by question domains (p = 0.07). However, there was significant difference in response score across cancer type (p<0.001). The top scoring cancer types were breast (grade 0 = 10%; grade 1 = 21%, grade 2 = 68%) and prostate (grade 0 = 18%, grade 1 = 25%, grade 2 = 57%), while the two lowest scoring cancer types were colon (grade 0 = 61%, grade 1 = 21%, grade 2 = 18%) and vulvar (grade 0 = 50%, grade 1 = 25%, grade 2 = 25%). ChatGPT responses were also significantly different among common, uncommon and negative control questions, with the model performing best with responses to common cancer types (p = 0.003). ChatGPT performed significantly worse when responding to "negative control" questions (p<0.001). CONCLUSION ChatGPT failed to consistently generate accurate and comprehensive responses to the majority of radiation oncology patient centered questions, particularly across less common cancers and with "negative control" questions that included incorrect assumptions. This raises concern for the possible ChatGPT mediated reinforcement of patient misperceptions regarding radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Floyd
- Wellstar Kennestone Regional Medical Center, Marietta, GA
| | - T Kleber
- Wellstar Kennestone Regional Medical Center, Marietta, GA
| | - M Pasli
- Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - J J Qazi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | | | - J X Leng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - B Ackerson
- Duke University Medical Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Durham, NC
| | - D J Carpenter
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Cancer Center, Durham, NC
| | - J K Salama
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - M J Boyer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
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Lo SC, Tsai SY, Chang WH, Wu IC, Sou NL, Hung SHW, Chiang EPI, Huang CC. Characterization of the Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Producing Rhodopseudomonas palustris as a Plant Growth-Promoting Bacterium under Photoautotrophic and Photoheterotrophic Culture Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14080. [PMID: 37762380 PMCID: PMC10531626 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhodopseudomonas palustris is a purple non-sulfide bacterium (PNSB), and some strains have been proven to promote plant growth. However, the mechanism underlying the effect of these PNSBs remains limited. Based on genetic information, R. palustris possesses the ability to produce pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ). PQQ is known to play a crucial role in stimulating plant growth, facilitating phosphorous solubilization, and acting as a reactive oxygen species scavenger. However, it is still uncertain whether growth conditions influence R. palustris's production of PQQ and other characteristics. In the present study, it was found that R. palustris exhibited a higher expression of genes related to PQQ synthesis under autotrophic culture conditions as compared to acetate culture conditions. Moreover, similar patterns were observed for phosphorous solubilization and siderophore activity, both of which are recognized to contribute to plant-growth benefits. However, these PNSB culture conditions did not show differences in Arabidopsis growth experiments, indicating that there may be other factors influencing plant growth in addition to PQQ content. Furthermore, the endophytic bacterial strains isolated from Arabidopsis exhibited differences according to the PNSB culture conditions. These findings imply that, depending on the PNSB's growing conditions, it may interact with various soil bacteria and facilitate their infiltration into plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Chen Lo
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan; (S.-C.L.); (S.-Y.T.); (W.-H.C.); (I.-C.W.); (S.-H.W.H.)
| | - Shang-Yieng Tsai
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan; (S.-C.L.); (S.-Y.T.); (W.-H.C.); (I.-C.W.); (S.-H.W.H.)
| | - Wei-Hsiang Chang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan; (S.-C.L.); (S.-Y.T.); (W.-H.C.); (I.-C.W.); (S.-H.W.H.)
| | - I-Chen Wu
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan; (S.-C.L.); (S.-Y.T.); (W.-H.C.); (I.-C.W.); (S.-H.W.H.)
| | - Nga-Lai Sou
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan; (N.-L.S.); (E.-P.I.C.)
| | - Shih-Hsun Walter Hung
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan; (S.-C.L.); (S.-Y.T.); (W.-H.C.); (I.-C.W.); (S.-H.W.H.)
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan
| | - En-Pei Isabel Chiang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan; (N.-L.S.); (E.-P.I.C.)
- Program in Microbial Genomics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Chen Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan; (S.-C.L.); (S.-Y.T.); (W.-H.C.); (I.-C.W.); (S.-H.W.H.)
- Program in Microbial Genomics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan
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Huang CC, Lo YH, Hsu YJ, Cheng YB, Kung CC, Liang CW, Chang DC, Wang KL, Hung CF. Anti-Atopic Dermatitis Activity of Epi-Oxyzoanthamine Isolated from Zoanthid. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:447. [PMID: 37623728 PMCID: PMC10456062 DOI: 10.3390/md21080447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD, eczema) is a condition that causes dry, itchy, and inflamed skin and occurs most frequently in children but also affects adults. However, common clinical treatments provide limited relief and have some side effects. Therefore, there is a need to develop new effective therapies to treat AD. Epi-oxyzoanthamine is a small molecule alkaloid isolated from Formosan zoanthid. Relevant studies have shown that zoanthamine alkaloids have many pharmacological and biological activities, including anti-lymphangiogenic functions. However, there are no studies on the use of epi-oxyzoanthamine on the skin. In this paper, epi-oxyzoanthamine has been shown to have potential in the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Through in vitro studies, it was found that epi-oxyzoanthamine inhibited the expression of cytokines in TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells, and it reduced the phosphorylation of MAPK and the NF-κB signaling pathway. Atopic dermatitis-like skin inflammation was induced in a mouse model using 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) in vivo. The results showed that epi-oxyzoanthamine significantly decreased skin barrier damage, scratching responses, and epidermal hyperplasia induced by DNCB. It significantly reduced transepidermal water loss (TEWL), erythema, ear thickness, and spleen weight, while also increasing surface skin hydration. These results indicate that epi-oxyzoanthamine from zoanthid has good potential as an alternative medicine for treating atopic dermatitis or other skin-related inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Chen Huang
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan; (C.-C.H.); (Y.-H.L.); (C.-C.K.); (C.-W.L.)
- Department of Dermatology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 111, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Hsin Lo
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan; (C.-C.H.); (Y.-H.L.); (C.-C.K.); (C.-W.L.)
- Department of Dermatology, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jou Hsu
- PhD Program in Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan;
| | - Yuan-Bin Cheng
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan;
| | - Chia-Chi Kung
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan; (C.-C.H.); (Y.-H.L.); (C.-C.K.); (C.-W.L.)
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
| | - Cher-Wei Liang
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan; (C.-C.H.); (Y.-H.L.); (C.-C.K.); (C.-W.L.)
- Department of Pathology, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
| | - Der-Chen Chang
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Department of Computer Science, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA;
| | - Kang-Ling Wang
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan 325, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Feng Hung
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan; (C.-C.H.); (Y.-H.L.); (C.-C.K.); (C.-W.L.)
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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13
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Chu GY, Huang CC, Shih NH, Hsu CH, Wu CY. The 1450-nm Diode Laser Reduces Redness and Porphyrin Density: An Image-Based, Patient-Oriented Appraisal. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4500. [PMID: 37445535 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12134500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acne vulgaris remains the leading dermatological condition. The efficacy of laser treatment has been supported by many clinical studies, but studies investigating its multidimensional action are lacking. AIM To comprehensively investigate the efficacy of 1450-nm diode laser treatment in patients with inflammatory acne and provide objective and subjective data for doctors in clinical practice. METHODS This retrospective study included patients with inflammatory acne lesions who underwent three courses of 1450-nm diode laser treatment between October 2019 and August 2020. Facial surface analysis was performed via objective computer assessments using the Canfield VISIA imaging system. Post-treatment subjective assessments were retrieved and analyzed using the clinical global impression-improvement index (CGI-I) and patient global impression of improvement scales (PGI-I). RESULTS The final analysis included 20 patients. The changes in the porphyrin VISIA system scores demonstrated significant improvement, with median scores being 35.83, 48.83, and 54.83, respectively. The changes in the red area VISIA scores also showed improvement, with the median scores being 48, 50.33, and 58.83, respectively. The average CGI-I scale scores were 2.2 ± 1.01, 1.70 ± 0.80, and 1.50 ± 0.76, respectively (p = 0.001), and the average PGI-I scale scores were 3.10 ± 0.85, 3.10 ± 0.97, and 3.05 ± 0.95, respectively (p = 0.727), with no significant changes observed in sebum production. CONCLUSIONS The present study is the first to provide objective and subjective evidence proving that the 1450-nm diode laser can reduce inflammatory acne lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gong-Yau Chu
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 30010, Taiwan
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 30010, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 11101, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Kang-Ning General Hospital, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Chen Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 11101, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Hua Shih
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung 80145, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hua Hsu
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 30010, Taiwan
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 30010, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taipei City Hospital, Linsen Chinese Medicine and Kunming Branch, Taipei 104, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ying Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 61363, Taiwan
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Okoya F, Huang CC, Zhang Z, Lecca L, Calderón R, Contreras C, Yataco R, Galea J, Becerra M, Murray M. Culture-negative TB: clinical characteristics, risk factors and treatment outcomes. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2023; 27:557-563. [PMID: 37353876 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.22.0554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Although culture remains the standard for TB diagnosis, 15-20% of patients diagnosed and treated for TB are culture-negative. We explored clinical characteristics, risk factors and treatment outcomes for culture-negative TB in a Peruvian cohort.METHODS: We recruited 4,500 index TB patients and 10,160 household contacts in Lima, Peru, and enrolled 692 secondary patients diagnosed with TB during follow-up of household contacts. We analyzed smear and culture status, sociodemographic factors, clinical characteristics and TB treatment outcomes to compare culture-negative and positive patients.RESULTS: Of the 4,880 adult patients, 915 (18.8%) were culture-negative. Culture-negative patients were less likely to report symptoms of TB disease and disease of longer duration. A multivariate analysis showed no statistically significant difference in loss to follow-up, treatment failure or recurrence between the culture-negative and -positive groups but a higher rate of death among culture-negative patients with an adjusted OR of 1.65 (95% CI 1.05-2.60). In a multivariate analysis of determinants of culture negativity, older age, substance use and being a secondary case were associated with culture status.CONCLUSIONS: More recognition and awareness of culture-negative TB is key for early and correct diagnosis to reduce transmission and improve treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Okoya
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C C Huang
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women´s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Z Zhang
- Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women´s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - L Lecca
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, Socios En Salud Sucursal, Lima, Peru
| | | | | | - R Yataco
- Socios En Salud Sucursal, Lima, Peru
| | - J Galea
- School of Social Work & College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - M Becerra
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women´s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Murray
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA, Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women´s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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15
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Huang E, Yan JS, Gicana RG, Chiang YR, Yeh FI, Huang CC, Wang PH. Valorization of soybean pulp for sustainable α-ketoisocaproate production using engineered Bacillus subtilis whole-cell biocatalyst. Chemosphere 2023; 322:138200. [PMID: 36828109 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The disposal of soybean pulp (okara) (∼14 M tons annually) represents a global concern. α-ketoisocaproate (KIC) is an intrinsic l-leucine metabolite boosting mammalian muscle growth and has great potential in animal husbandry. However, the use of pure l-leucine (5000 USD/kg) for KIC (22 USD/kg) bioproduction is cost-prohibitive in practice, while okara rich in l-leucine (10%) could serve as an economical alternative. Following the concept of a circular bioeconomy, we managed to develop a cost-efficient platform to valorize okara into KIC. In this study, proteolytic Bacillus subtilis strain 168 capable of utilizing okara as a comprehensive substrate was employed as the whole-cell biocatalyst for KIC bioproduction. First, we elucidated the function of genes involved in KIC downstream metabolism in strain 168, including those encoding 2-oxoisovalerate dehydrogenase (bkdAA), 2-oxoisovalerate decarboxylase (bkdAB), enoyl-CoA hydratase (fadB), and bifunctional enoyl-CoA hydratase/3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (fadN). Among those KIC downstream metabolizing mutants of strain 168, the 2-oxoisovalerate decarboxylase gene knockout strain (ΔbkdAB) was found to have a better accumulation of KIC. To further improve the KIC yield, a soluble l-amino acid deaminase (LAAD) from Proteus vulgaris was heterologously expressed in the ΔbkdAB strain and a ∼50% conversion of total l-leucine contained in okara was catalyzed into KIC, along with a ∼50% reduction of CO2 emission compared to the wild-type cultures. Altogether, this renovated biocatalytic system provides an alternative platform to valorize okara for producing value-added chemicals in an eco-friendly manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Jhen-Sheng Yan
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, 320, Taiwan
| | - Ronnie G Gicana
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Ru Chiang
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Fang-I Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, 320, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Chen Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsiang Wang
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, 320, Taiwan.
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Dai L, Tian ML, Zha Y, Liu L, Li ZS, Huang CC, Yuan J. [Association of lean tissue index with arteriovenous fistula dysfunction in maintenance hemodialysis patients]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2023; 39:32-35. [PMID: 36776012 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn441217-20220621-00633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
The clinical data of maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients from twenty hemodialysis centers in Guizhou province from June to September 2020 were collected by cross-sectional study. The patients were divided into AFD group and non-AFD group according to whether AFD had occurred. LTI was measured by body composition monitor. The results showed that the incidence of AFD in 2 781 MHD patients was 30.0% (835/2 781). Median LTI level was 15.2 (13.2, 17.5) kg/m2. The LTI level in the AFD group was higher than that in the non-AFD group (P < 0.05). According to the tertiles of LTI, low LTI group (LTI ≤ 13.9 kg/m2) had the highest incidence of AFD (35.5%, 334/940), and the high LTI group had the lowest incidence of AFD (26.3%, 241/916), and the difference among the three groups was statistically significant (χ2=20.182,P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that low LTI group as the reference, the risk of AFD in moderate LTI group (13.9 kg/m2 < LTI ≤ 16.6 kg/m2) and high LTI group were associated with the 20.0% (OR=0.800, 95% CI 0.650-0.986, P=0.036) and 22.8% (OR=0.772, 95% CI 0.616-0.966, P=0.024) decrease, respectively. These results suggest that low LTI level is independently associated with an increased risk of AFD in MHD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Dai
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - M L Tian
- Department of Nephrology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Y Zha
- Department of Nephrology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, China
| | - L Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Z S Li
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - C C Huang
- Graduate School of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550002, China Dai Lu and Tian Maolu contributed equally to this study
| | - J Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, China Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Immune Diseases, NHC, Guiyang 550002, China
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17
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Fan YH, Wu PW, Huang YL, Lee CC, Lee TJ, Huang CC, Chang PH, Huang CC. Identifying a sphenoid sinus fungus ball using a nomogram model. Rhinology 2022; 61:153-160. [PMID: 36375133 DOI: 10.4193/rhin22.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Background: Sphenoid sinus fungus ball (SSFB) is a rare entity and usually presents with non-specific symptoms. SSFB could potentially lead to serious orbital and intracranial complications. Computed tomography (CT) scan is usually the first imaging test of the diagnostic workup in patients with specific clinical symptoms. This study aimed to compare the clinical characteristics and CT features between SSFB and unilateral (non-fungus ball) chronic sphenoid rhinosinusitis (USRS) and help differentiate between these two most common inflammatory diseases of the sphenoid sinus. Methods: By retrospective database review, 66 patients with a histopathologic diagnosis of isolated SSFB were recruited for analysis. Fifty-four patients who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery with clinical and histopathological diagnoses of USRS were enrolled as the control group. Clinical characteristics and CT features were evaluated. Results: Headache, rhinorrhoea, nasal obstruction, postnasal dripping, and hyposmia were the most common symptoms in both groups. In the univariate analysis, older age, lower white blood cell counts, irregular surface, bony dehiscence, lateral wall sclerosis, and intralesional hyperdensity (IH) were significant predictors for SSFB. Older age, irregular surface, and IH remained statistically significant in the multivariate analysis. Based on the results of the regression analysis, a nomogram for predicting the probability of SSFB was plotted. Conclusions: We developed a nomogram model as a novel preoperative diagnostic tool for identifying SSFB according to the predictors both in clinical characteristics and on CT features. This could help the clinicians in predicting the probability of SSFB, to reduce ineffective or delayed treatment and occurrence of complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Fan
- Department of Medical Education, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - P W Wu
- Division of Rhinology, Department of Otolaryngology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Y L Huang
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - C C Lee
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taiwan
| | - T J Lee
- Division of Rhinology, Department of Otolaryngology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Otolaryngology, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen, China
| | - C C Huang
- Division of Rhinology, Department of Otolaryngology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taiwan
| | - P H Chang
- Division of Rhinology, Department of Otolaryngology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taiwan
| | - C C Huang
- Division of Rhinology, Department of Otolaryngology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taiwan
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18
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Hung SHW, Chiu MC, Huang CC, Kuo CH. Complete Genome Sequence of Curtobacterium sp. C1, a Beneficial Endophyte with the Potential for In-Plant Salinity Stress Alleviation. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2022; 35:731-735. [PMID: 35819348 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-01-22-0027-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hsun Walter Hung
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chih Chiu
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Chen Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Innovation and Development Centre of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Horng Kuo
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
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19
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Tai CC, Huang CC, Chou BH, Chen CY, Chen SY, Huang YH, Sun JS, Chao YH. Profiled polyethylene terephthalate filaments that incorporate collagen and calcium phosphate enhance ligamentisation and bone formation. Eur Cell Mater 2022; 43:252-266. [PMID: 35652679 DOI: 10.22203/ecm.v043a17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) artificial ligaments offer an unlimited source of ligaments without donor-site-related morbidity and with good mechanical properties for a rapid return to sporting activities. Developing PET artificial ligaments with excellent ligamentisation and ligament-bone healing is still a considerable challenge. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the profiled PET/collagen/calcium phosphate (PET/C/CaP) ligament upon cell growth, ligamentisation and ligament-bone healing in vitro and in vivo. Profiled PET/C/CaP filaments were made by melt-spinning process with 2 % CaP hybrid spinning and collagen coating. Rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were cultured on the profiled PET/C filaments for cytotoxicity, viability, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and ligament-related gene expression analysis. MSCs' osteogenic capacity on the profiled PET/CaP filaments was identified by detecting osteogenic gene expression and alizarin red S staining. For in vivo verification, an animal study was performed to evaluate the effect of the profiled PET/C/CaP ligament in a rabbit knee medial collateral ligament reinforcement reconstruction model. The graft ligamentisation and bone formation were investigated by SEM, histology, microcomputed tomography and mechanical tests. The profiled PET/C filaments enhanced MSC proliferation and ligament-related gene expression. Furthermore, they enhanced osteogenic gene expression, alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralisation of MSCs. The in vivo study indicated that the profiled PET/C/CaP ligament enhanced ligamentous matrix remodelling and bone formation. Therefore, their use is an effective strategy for promoting MSCs' ligamentous and osteogenic potential in vitro and enhancing ligamentous matrix remodelling and bone formation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Y-H Chao
- School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University No. 17, Xuzhou Road, Zhongzheng District, Taipei 10055,
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chieh Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Jan-Hong Liu
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Chen Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Fang Hong
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
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21
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Lee WTJ, Lee CC, Wu CK, Lin CH, Lo TY, Huang CC, Kahler SL, Thong HY. Epidemiology of dermatologic disease in Palau: a cross-sectional study in the national public and community health service. Int J Dermatol 2022; 61:833-840. [PMID: 35090042 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.16049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dermatologic disease is a neglected public health challenge that disproportionately affects resource-poor settings. Globally, the dermatologic disease contributes the fourth highest burden of nonfatal disability with the most acute impact in the Oceanic region, including the Republic of Palau. Efforts to address the dermatologic health inequality are hindered without the necessary epidemiologic evidence to guide health policy in the resource-poor setting of Palau. METHODS We conducted a 4-year cross-sectional study of all Dermatology Service patients in the Belau National Hospital and outreach community health centers from 2015 to 2018. No other specialized dermatology service was available. Skin disease was both classified by diagnosis and Global Burden of Disease criteria and analyzed by age, gender, region, and surrounding Oceanic nations. RESULTS The study enrolled 494 patients comprising 179 males and 315 females between 2015 and 2018. The most prevalent diseases were eczema (48.8%), superficial fungal infection (24.5%), and pruritus (22.7%). The neglected tropical disease of scabies was detected in four patients. Males were significantly more likely to present with cellulitis, keratinocyte carcinoma, stasis dermatitis, wounds, marine-related dermatitis, viral skin disease, tinea faciei, verruca, and xerosis and females with melasma and hyperpigmentation. CONCLUSION This study presents the first primary epidemiologic data describing the prevalence of dermatologic disease in the Palauan adult population. The significant burden of disease in Palau compared with other Oceanic nations validates ongoing dermatology services and informs public health implications for resource allocation and disease management to achieve health equality in the resource-poor nation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ting J Lee
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Qld, Australia
| | - Chien-Chang Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center of Intelligent Healthcare, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Kuan Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hwa Lin
- International Health Care Center, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Te-Yu Lo
- International Health Care Center, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Chen Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sam L Kahler
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Qld, Australia
| | - Haw-Yueh Thong
- Department of Dermatology, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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22
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Chen CY, Zhuang KW, Chang YH, Nagarajan D, Huang CC, Chang JS. Basic oxygen furnace slag as a support material for the cultivation of indigenous marine microalgae. Bioresour Technol 2021; 342:125968. [PMID: 34563825 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Attached cultivation of microalgae is a suitable strategy for attaining high biomass productivity with effortless harvesting. This study evaluates the feasibility of using Basic Oxygen Furnace Slag (BOFS) as a carrier for microalgae cultivation. Among the three indigenous microalgae (namely, Chlorella sorokiniana PTC13, Tetraselmis suecica SC5, and Nannochloropsis oceanica DG), which were examined for their capability of attached growth on BOFS, T. suecica SC5 showed the best attached-growth performance (2.52 mg/g slag). Optimizing the cultivation parameters (agitation rate, 200 rpm; added sodium acetate, 1 g/L; light intensity, 300 µmol/m2/s) further enhanced the attached biomass yield to 6.38 mg/g slag. The microalgae-attached slag can be used as the seed for re-growth for three additional cycles and the biomass yield and productivity both enhanced from 6.00 to 11.58 mg/g slag and 497 to 760 mg/L/d, respectively. This study demonstrated the potential of using T. suecica SC5-attached BOFS to construct artificial reefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yen Chen
- University Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Wei Zhuang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Han Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Dillirani Nagarajan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Chen Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan.
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23
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Liu HL, Wang CHT, Chiang EPI, Huang CC, Li WH. Tryptophan plays an important role in yeast's tolerance to isobutanol. Biotechnol Biofuels 2021; 14:200. [PMID: 34645498 PMCID: PMC8513309 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-02048-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isobutanol is considered a potential biofuel, thanks to its high-energy content and octane value, limited water solubility, and compatibility with gasoline. As its biosynthesis pathway is known, a microorganism, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, that inherently produces isobutanol, can serve as a good engineering host. Isobutanol's toxicity, however, is a major obstacle for bioproduction. This study is to understand how yeast tolerates isobutanol. RESULTS A S. cerevisiae gene-deletion library with 5006 mutants was used to screen genes related to isobutanol tolerance. Image recognition was efficiently used for high-throughput screening via colony size on solid media. In enrichment analysis of the 161 isobutanol-sensitive clones identified, more genes than expected were mapped to tryptophan biosynthesis, ubiquitination, and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). Interestingly, adding exogenous tryptophan enabled both tryptophan biosynthesis and PPP mutant strains to overcome the stress. In transcriptomic analysis, cluster analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed the relationship between tryptophan and isobutanol stress through some specific cellular functions, such as biosynthesis and transportation of amino acids, PPP, tryptophan metabolism, nicotinate/nicotinamide metabolism (e.g., nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide biosynthesis), and fatty acid metabolism. CONCLUSIONS The importance of tryptophan in yeast's tolerance to isobutanol was confirmed by the recovery of isobutanol tolerance in defective strains by adding exogenous tryptophan to the growth medium. Transcriptomic analysis showed that amino acid biosynthesis- and transportation-related genes in a tryptophan biosynthesis-defective host were up-regulated under conditions similar to nitrogen starvation. This may explain why ubiquitination was required for the protein turnover. PPP metabolites may serve as precursors and cofactors in tryptophan biosynthesis to enhance isobutanol tolerance. Furthermore, the tolerance mechanism may also be linked to tryptophan downstream metabolism, including the kynurenine pathway and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide biosynthesis. Both pathways are responsible for cellular redox balance and anti-oxidative ability. Our study highlights the central role of tryptophan in yeast's isobutanol tolerance and offers new clues for engineering a yeast host with strong isobutanol tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Lin Liu
- Program in Microbial Genomics, National Chung Hsing University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Sec. 2, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, No. 145, Xingda Rd., Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Christine H-T Wang
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Sec. 2, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - En-Pei Isabel Chiang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, No. 145, Xingda Rd., Taichung, 402, Taiwan
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, No. 145, Xingda Rd. , Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Chen Huang
- Program in Microbial Genomics, National Chung Hsing University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, No. 145, Xingda Rd., Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, No. 145, Xingda Rd. , Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Hsiung Li
- Program in Microbial Genomics, National Chung Hsing University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Sec. 2, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
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24
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Hwang HH, Chien PR, Huang FC, Hung SH, Kuo CH, Deng WL, Chiang EPI, Huang CC. A Plant Endophytic Bacterium, Burkholderia seminalis Strain 869T2, Promotes Plant Growth in Arabidopsis, Pak Choi, Chinese Amaranth, Lettuces, and Other Vegetables. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081703. [PMID: 34442782 PMCID: PMC8401003 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant endophytic bacteria live inside host plants, can be isolated from surface-sterilized plant tissues, and are non-pathogenic. These bacteria can assist host plants in obtaining more nutrients and can improve plant growth via multiple mechanisms. Certain Gram-negative Burkholderia species, including rhizobacteria, bioremediators, and biocontrol strains, have been recognized for their plant-growth-promoting abilities, while other isolates have been identified as opportunistic plant or human pathogens. In this study, we observed the auxin production, siderophore synthesis, and phosphate solubilization abilities of B. seminalis strain 869T2. Our results demonstrated that strain 869T2 promoted growth in Arabidopsis, ching chiang pak choi, pak choi, loose-leaf lettuce, romaine lettuce, red leaf lettuce, and Chinese amaranth. Leafy vegetables inoculated with strain 869T2 were larger, heavier, and had more and larger leaves and longer and heavier roots than mock-inoculated plants. Furthermore, inoculations of strain 869T2 into hot pepper caused increased flower and fruit production, and a higher percentage of fruits turned red. Inoculation of strain 869T2 into okra plants resulted in earlier flowering and increased fruit weight. In conclusion, the plant endophytic bacterium Burkholderia seminalis 869T2 exerted positive effects on growth and production in several plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hau-Hsuan Hwang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (P.-R.C.); (F.-C.H.); (S.-H.H.)
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (H.-H.H.); (C.-C.H.); Tel.: +886-4-2284-0416-412 (H.-H.H.); +886-4-2284-0416-402 (C.-C.H.); Fax: +886-4-2287-4740 (H.-H.H. & C.-C.H.)
| | - Pei-Ru Chien
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (P.-R.C.); (F.-C.H.); (S.-H.H.)
| | - Fan-Chen Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (P.-R.C.); (F.-C.H.); (S.-H.H.)
| | - Shih-Hsun Hung
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (P.-R.C.); (F.-C.H.); (S.-H.H.)
| | - Chih-Horng Kuo
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan;
| | - Wen-Ling Deng
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | - En-Pei Isabel Chiang
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Chen Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (P.-R.C.); (F.-C.H.); (S.-H.H.)
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (H.-H.H.); (C.-C.H.); Tel.: +886-4-2284-0416-412 (H.-H.H.); +886-4-2284-0416-402 (C.-C.H.); Fax: +886-4-2287-4740 (H.-H.H. & C.-C.H.)
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25
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Lee CI, Su YR, Chen CH, Chang TA, Kuo EES, Hsieh WT, Huang CC, Lee MS, Liu M. O-086 End-to-end deep learning for recognition of ploidy status using time-lapse videos. Hum Reprod 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab125.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study question
Our Retrospective study is to investigate an end-to-end deep learning model in identifying ploidy status through raw time-lapse video.
Summary answer
Our deep learning model demonstrates a proof of concept and potential in recognizing the ploidy status.
What is known already
Since the time-lapse system has been introduced into the IVF lab, the relationship between morphogenetic and ploidy status has been often discussed. However, the result has not yet reached a united conclusion due to some limitations such as human labeling. Besides the statistical approach, deep learning models have been utilized for ploidy prediction. As such approaches are single image-based, the performance remains unpromising as previous statistical-based research. Therefore, in order to move further toward clinical application, better research design and approach are needed.
Study design, size, duration
A retrospective analysis of the time-lapse videos and chromosomal status from 690 biopsied blastocysts cultured in a time-lapse incubator (EmbryoScope+, Vitrolife) between January 2017 and August 2018 in the Lee Women’s Hospital were assessed. The ploidy status of the blastocyst was derived from the PGT-A using high-resolution next-generation sequencing (hr-NGS). Embryo videos were obtained after normal fertilization through the intracytoplasmic sperm injection or conventional insemination.
Participants/materials, setting, methods
By randomly dividing the data into 80% and 20%, we developed our deep learning model based on Two-Stream Inflated 3D ConvNets(I3D) network. This model was trained by the 80% time-lapse videos and the PGT-A result. The remaining 20% has been tested by feeding the time-lapse video as input and the PGT-A prediction as output. Ploidy status was classified as Group 1 (aneuploidy) and Group 2 (euploidy and mosaicism).
Main results and the role of chance
Time-lapse videos were divided into 3-time partitions: day 1, day 1 to 3, and day 1 to 5. Deep learning models have been fed by RGB and optical flow. Combining 3 different time partitions with RGB, optical flow, and fused result from RGB and optical flow, we received nine sets of test results. According to the results, the longest time partition with the fusion method has the highest AUC result as 0.74, which appeared higher than the other eight experimental settings with a maximum increase of 0.17.
Limitations, reasons for caution
The present study is retrospective and future prospective research would help us to identify more key factors and improve this model. In addition, expanding sample size combined with cross-centered validation will also be considered in our future approach.
Wider implications of the findings
Group 1 and Group 2 approach provided deselection of aneuploidy embryos, while future deep learning approaches toward high mosaicism, low mosaicism, and euploidy will be needed, in order to provide a better clinical application.
Trial registration number
CS18082
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Affiliation(s)
- C I Lee
- Lee Women’s Hospital, Division of Infertility, Taichung, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Y R Su
- Binflux Inc, R&D Department, Taipei, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - C H Chen
- Lee Women’s Hospital, Division of Infertility, Taichung, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - T A Chang
- University of Texas Health Science Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, San Antonio, USA
| | - E E S Kuo
- Binflux Inc, R&D Department, Taipei, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - W T Hsieh
- Binflux Inc, R&D Department, Taipei, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - C C Huang
- Lee Women’s Hospital, Division of Infertility, Taichung, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - M S Lee
- Lee Women’s Hospital, Division of Infertility, Taichung, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - M Liu
- Binflux Inc, R&D Department, Taipei, Taiwan R.O.C
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Chang LS, Lee HC, Hsu CT, Tsao HM, Huang CC, Lee MS. P–009 A modified sperm chromatin dispersion test, LensHooke® R10, for quick and accurate determination of human sperm DNA fragmentation. Hum Reprod 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab130.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study question
The performance and efficiency of the LensHooke® R10 test kit were evaluated by the clinical examination for precision, accuracy, and time.
Summary answer
The LensHooke® R10 based on sperm chromatin dispersion test offers not only quick testing for sperm DNA fragmentation but also reliable and accurate test results.
What is known already
Sperm chromatin dispersion (SCD) test, one of the most commonly used testing for sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF), can be conducted promptly and without the need for expensive laboratory instruments. However, the main disadvantage of the SCD test is inter-observer variability in categorizing the size of characteristics halos surrounding the core of sperm. Moreover, it takes more than one hour to accomplish whole assay procedures making this testing an inefficient diagnostic tool. These may hinder its broad availability among andrology laboratories or prevent it from being routinely used for the evaluation of male infertility.
Study design, size, duration
A total of 108 participants was included in this prospective study. Data was collected from the reproductive medicine center between June and December 2020.
Participants/materials, setting, methods
This study included 108 consecutive male partners of couples attending for assisted reproductive treatment. SDF was simultaneously tested by using LensHooke® R10 (R10) and Halosperm® G2 (G2) respectively. We evaluated the correlation and agreement between two SCD-based test kits. The repeatability and reproducibility of the SCD kits were assessed by intra-and inter-observer agreement experiments. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value for the R10 was determined by receiver operator characteristics (ROC) curve analysis.
Main results and the role of chance
The R10 produced more clear sperm core and dispersed chromatin, therefore highly recognizable images can be easily and accurately categorized when scoring of SDF. It took 50% less time for SDF testing by the R10 compared to the G2 (38.26 ± 9.85 minutes vs. 76.52 ± 19.7 minutes, P < 0.0001). The SDF% results showed a strong correlation for the R10 and G2 with Spearman’s coefficients of rank correlation (rho) above 0.8 (P < 0.0001, N = 108). The R10 showed 89.8% accuracy with 87.9% sensitivity, 90.8% specificity, 82.9% PPV, and 93.7% NPV on the measurement of SDF% at the threshold value of 22%. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) >0.9 showed a strong agreement between two observers on the testing of SDF using the R10. ICC >0.9 showed a high intra-observer agreement within 4 repeated testing on SDF using the R10. The R10 showed an intra-observer’s precision of coefficient variation, CV < 10% for SDF%. In addition, SDF% test results obtained by the R10 for asthenospermic (31.8% ± 16.7%), teratospermic (22.9% ± 14.4%), and oligoasthenoteratozoospermic samples (36.6% ± 14.4%) were significantly higher than that observed in normozoospermic samples (15.3% ± 10.2%, p < 0.05), was comparable with the G2.
Limitations, reasons for caution
The sample size of 4 semen specimens used to evaluate the intra-and inter-observer agreement was a limitation. Besides, evaluating the relationship between the SDF and clinical outcome of ART is necessary for further study.
Wider implications of the findings: The new in vitro diagnostics reagent, LensHooke® R10, is a simple and quick test kit that offers reliable and accurate test results of sperm DNA fragmentation, can be routinely used in male infertility evaluation.
Trial registration number
CS2–20012
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Chang
- Bonraybio Co.- Ltd, Clinical Medicine Dept., Taichung, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - H C Lee
- Bonraybio Co.- Ltd, Clinical Medicine Dept., Taichung, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - C T Hsu
- Bonraybio Co.- Ltd, Executive Office, Taichung, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - H M Tsao
- Lee Women’s Hospital, IVF Center, Taichung, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - C C Huang
- Lee Women’s Hospital, IVF Center, Taichung, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - M S Lee
- Lee Women’s Hospital, IVF Center, Taichung, Taiwan R.O.C
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Lo SC, Yang CY, Mathew DC, Huang CC. Growth and autolysis of the kefir yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus in lactate culture. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14552. [PMID: 34267270 PMCID: PMC8282799 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94101-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Kluyveromyces marxianus is a yeast that could be identified from kefir and can use a broad range of substrates, such as glucose and lactate, as carbon sources. The lactate produced in kefir culture can be a substrate for K. marxianus. However, the complexity of the kefir microbiota makes the traits of K. marxianus difficult to study. In this research, we focused on K. marxianus cultured with lactate as the sole carbon source. The optimal growth and released protein in lactate culture were determined under different pH conditions, and the LC–MS/MS-identified proteins were associated with the tricarboxylic acid cycle, glycolysis pathway, and cellular stress responses in cells, indicating that autolysis of K. marxianus had occurred under the culture conditions. The abundant glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 (GAP1) was cocrystallized with other proteins in the cell-free fraction, and the low transcription level of the GAP1 gene indicated that the protein abundance under autolysis conditions was dependent on protein stability. These results suggest that lactate induces the growth and autolysis of K. marxianus, releasing proteins and peptides. These findings can be fundamental for K. marxianus probiotic and kefir studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Chen Lo
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Yin Yang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | | | - Chieh-Chen Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan. .,Program in Microbial Genomics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan. .,Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
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Huang CC, Thong HY. Rapid Wound Healing and Acne Scar Improvement After Ablative Fractional Carbon Dioxide Laser Treatment Combined with the Application of Platelet-Lyophilized Treatment (PLT). Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2021; 14:715-721. [PMID: 34211289 PMCID: PMC8241013 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s316505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Objective There are several clinical cases on the application of PRP (platelet-rich plasma) therapies. To improve disadvantages such as the inability to be standardized and stored long term, we proposed a novel platelet-lyophilized treatment (PLT) to enhance the wound healing rate and improve acne scarring. Study Design A single-blinded study at a single health care center was performed. All subjects were treated with a fractional carbon dioxide laser. On the right side of the face, 2 mL PLT solution (dissolved in normal saline) was applied, while on the left side of the face (control group), 2 mL normal saline was applied. The treatment described above was repeated every 3 to 4 weeks, and 4 treatments were performed in total. Assessments were performed prior to each treatment and at the one-month follow-up after the fourth treatment. Subjective assessments included questionnaires administered by the principal investigator and a self-assessment questionnaire completed by the subjects. Moreover, VISIA complexion analysis was used for objective data collection, and spots, wrinkles, texture, pores, UV spots, brown spots, red areas, and porphyrins were objectively analyzed. Results Our data indicated that the PLT side showed a more rapid recovery than the saline side; on average, the sloughing off of the crusts was noted on day 5 and day 6. The improvement rate for skin spots, texture, and pores was significantly increased on the PLT side, with the pigment and pore size both having a statistically significant improvement of p<0.001, while the texture had a significant improvement of p<0.01. Conclusion The results suggested that the application of PLT could be a novel method to enhance wound healing and improve acne scarring after laser skin rejuvenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Chen Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Shin Kong Wu Ho Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Haw-Yueh Thong
- Department of Dermatology, Shin Kong Wu Ho Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Ha-Tran DM, Nguyen TTM, Hung SH, Huang E, Huang CC. Roles of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) in Stimulating Salinity Stress Defense in Plants: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3154. [PMID: 33808829 PMCID: PMC8003591 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, soil salinity becomes a huge obstacle for food production worldwide since salt stress is one of the major factors limiting agricultural productivity. It is estimated that a significant loss of crops (20-50%) would be due to drought and salinity. To embark upon this harsh situation, numerous strategies such as plant breeding, plant genetic engineering, and a large variety of agricultural practices including the applications of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and seed biopriming technique have been developed to improve plant defense system against salt stress, resulting in higher crop yields to meet human's increasing food demand in the future. In the present review, we update and discuss the advantageous roles of beneficial PGPR as green bioinoculants in mitigating the burden of high saline conditions on morphological parameters and on physio-biochemical attributes of plant crops via diverse mechanisms. In addition, the applications of PGPR as a useful tool in seed biopriming technique are also updated and discussed since this approach exhibits promising potentials in improving seed vigor, rapid seed germination, and seedling growth uniformity. Furthermore, the controversial findings regarding the fluctuation of antioxidants and osmolytes in PGPR-treated plants are also pointed out and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dung Minh Ha-Tran
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Chung Hsing University, Taipei 11529, Taiwan;
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (T.T.M.N.); (S.-H.H.)
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Trinh Thi My Nguyen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (T.T.M.N.); (S.-H.H.)
| | - Shih-Hsun Hung
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (T.T.M.N.); (S.-H.H.)
- Department of Horticulture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Eugene Huang
- College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan;
| | - Chieh-Chen Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (T.T.M.N.); (S.-H.H.)
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
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Ha-Tran DM, Lai RY, Nguyen TTM, Huang E, Lo SC, Huang CC. Construction of engineered RuBisCO Kluyveromyces marxianus for a dual microbial bioethanol production system. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247135. [PMID: 33661900 PMCID: PMC7932148 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RubisCO) genes play important roles in CO2 fixation and redox balancing in photosynthetic bacteria. In the present study, the kefir yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus 4G5 was used as host for the transformation of form I and form II RubisCO genes derived from the nonsulfur purple bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris using the Promoter-based Gene Assembly and Simultaneous Overexpression (PGASO) method. Hungateiclostridium thermocellum ATCC 27405, a well-known bacterium for its efficient solubilization of recalcitrant lignocellulosic biomass, was used to degrade Napier grass and rice straw to generate soluble fermentable sugars. The resultant Napier grass and rice straw broths were used as growth media for the engineered K. marxianus. In the dual microbial system, H. thermocellum degraded the biomass feedstock to produce both C5 and C6 sugars. As the bacterium only used hexose sugars, the remaining pentose sugars could be metabolized by K. marxianus to produce ethanol. The transformant RubisCO K. marxianus strains grew well in hydrolyzed Napier grass and rice straw broths and produced bioethanol more efficiently than the wild type. Therefore, these engineered K. marxianus strains could be used with H. thermocellum in a bacterium-yeast coculture system for ethanol production directly from biomass feedstocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dung Minh Ha-Tran
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Chung Hsing University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Rou-Yin Lai
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Trinh Thi My Nguyen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Eugene Huang
- College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shou-Chen Lo
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (SCL); (CCH)
| | - Chieh-Chen Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (SCL); (CCH)
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Nguyen BAT, Hsieh JL, Lo SC, Wang SY, Hung CH, Huang E, Hung SH, Chin WC, Huang CC. Biodegradation of dioxins by Burkholderia cenocepacia strain 869T2: Role of 2-haloacid dehalogenase. J Hazard Mater 2021; 401:123347. [PMID: 33113713 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dioxin compounds are persistent carcinogenic byproducts of anthropogenic activities such as waste combustion and other industrial activities. The ubiquitous distribution of dioxins is global concerns these days. Among of recent techniques, bioremediation, an eco-friendly and cost-effective technology, uses bacteria or fungi to detoxify in dioxins; however, not many bacteria can degrade the most toxic dioxin congener 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). In this study, the endophytic bacterium Burkholderia cenocapacia 869T2 was capable of TCDD degradation by nearly 95 % after one-week of an aerobic incubation. Through transcriptomic analysis of the strain 869T2 at 6 -h and 12 -h TCDD exposure, a number of catabolic genes involved in dioxin metabolism were detected with high gene expressions in the presence of TCDD. The transcriptome data also indicated that B. cenocepacia strain 869T2 metabolized the dioxin compounds from an early phase (at 6 h) of the incubation, and the initial outline for a general dioxin degradation pathway were proposed. One of the catabolic genes, l-2-haloacid dehalogenase (2-HAD) was cloned to investigate its contribution in dioxin dehalogenation. By detecting the increasing concentration of chloride ions released from TCDD, our results indicated that the dehalogenase played a crucial role in dehalogenation of dioxin in the aerobic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Anh Thi Nguyen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China; Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Ju-Liang Hsieh
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shou-Chen Lo
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Sui-Yuan Wang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chun-Hsiung Hung
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Eugene Huang
- College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shih-Hsun Hung
- Department of Horticulture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Chih Chin
- General Research Service Center, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan, Republic of China; Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Chieh-Chen Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Mathew GM, Mathew DC, Sukumaran RK, Sindhu R, Huang CC, Binod P, Sirohi R, Kim SH, Pandey A. Sustainable and eco-friendly strategies for shrimp shell valorization. Environ Pollut 2020; 267:115656. [PMID: 33254615 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Among the seafood used globally, shellfish consumption is in great demand. The utilization of these shellfish such as prawn/shrimp has opened a new market for the utilization of the shellfish wastes. Considering the trends on the production of wealth from wastes, shrimp shell wastes seem an important resource for the generation of high value products when processed on the principles of a biorefinery. In recent years, various chemical strategies have been tried to valorize the shrimp shell wastes, which required harsh chemicals such as HCl and NaOH for demineralization (DM) and deproteination (DP) of the shrimp wastes. Disposal of chemicals by the chitin and chitosan industries into the aquatic bodies pose harm to the aquatic flora and fauna. Thus, there has been intensive efforts to develop safe and sustainable technologies for the management of shrimp shell wastes. This review provides an insight about environmentally-friendly methods along with biological methods to valorize the shrimp waste compared to the strategies employing concentrated chemicals. The main objective of this review article is to explain the utilization shrimp shell wastes in a productive manner such that it would be offer environment and economic sustainability. The application of valorized by-products developed from the shrimp shell wastes and physical methods to improve the pretreatment process of shellfish wastes for valorization are also highlighted in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gincy Marina Mathew
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum, 695 019, India
| | - Dony Chacko Mathew
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Rajeev Kumar Sukumaran
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum, 695 019, India
| | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum, 695 019, India
| | - Chieh-Chen Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, No. 145, Xingda Road, South District, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan
| | - Parameswaran Binod
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum, 695 019, India
| | - Ranjna Sirohi
- Department of Post Harvest Process and Food Engineering, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 263 145, India
| | - Sang-Hyoun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Center for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, 226 001, India; Frontier Research Lab, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Chen CH, Chang IL, Wang SH, Yen HC, Lin JS, Lo SC, Huang CC. Potential novel proteomic biomarkers for diagnosis of vertebral osteomyelitis identified using an immunomics protein array technique: Two cases reports. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e22852. [PMID: 33120821 PMCID: PMC7581026 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Although vertebral osteomyelitis (VO) is commonly associated with high morbidity and high recurrence rate, effective diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of VO are still lacking. PATIENTS CONCERNS Case 1: a 60-year-old male had had upper back pain for 3 days. Case 2: a 71-year-old female presented upper back pain for 2 days. DIAGNOSES Based on physical examination and findings of magnetic resonance imaging and findings by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry, they were diagnosed with Staphylococcus aureus VO. INTERVENTIONS Using Sengenics Immunome Protein Array by analyzing autoantibodies in both VO patients, potential biomarkers of VO were explored. OUTCOMES Four subjects with more than 1600 antigens screened while the results showed that 14-3-3 protein gamma, pterin-4-alpha-carbinolamine dehydratase, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase A, and keratin type II cytoskeletal 8 were highly differentially expressed among VO and controls. Relevant auto-antibody profiles were discovered after intra-group and inter-group comparison, and based on functional rationality, an adapter protein 14-3-3 protein gamma, and pterin-4-alpha-carbinolamine dehydratase that involved in tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, might serve as valuable diagnostic biomarkers. LESSONS This pilot study on 4 subjects with more than 1600 antigens screened on the Sengenics Immunome protein array provided a general outlook on autoantibody biomarker profiles of VO subjects. Future large-scale trials with longer follow-up times are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hua Chen
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine
- Center for Infection Prevention and Control, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University
- Rong Hsing Research Center For Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City
| | | | | | | | - Jen-Shiou Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua
| | | | - Chieh-Chen Huang
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University
- Department of Life Sciences
- PhD Program in Medical Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan
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Lin KH, Lin CY, Huang CC, Ho YL, Yang SF, Ho CM. Differentiation of qacA and qacB using high-resolution melt curve analysis, and both qacA and qacB but not qacC or norA types increase chlorhexidine minimal inhibitory concentrations in Staphylococcus aureus isolates. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2020; 53:900-908. [PMID: 33097426 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chlorhexidine is one of the most essential ingredients in infection control applications. Except qacA, the effects of other various efflux-medicated biocide genes (including qacB, qacC, qacEΔ1, qacH or norA) on biguanides resistance are still controversial. In addition, most of the studies have discussed the effect of qacA/B on clinical S. aureus isolates but not that qacA or qacB individually. METHODS In total, 254 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), selected 30 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) clinical isolates from different patients during 2014-2015 and 15 S. aureus quality control strains (including Mu3 and Mu50) were included in the study. Various biocide genes, including qacA/B, qacC, qacH, qacEΔ1, and different types of norA, were determined through conventional PCR. S. aureus isolates with qacA/B (+) were analyzed using high-resolution melting curve (HRM) to differentiate qacA from qacB. The chlorhexidine MIC was determined using the agar dilution method. Univariate and multivariate statistics were analyzed to see which biocide resistant genes had effects on chlorhexidine MIC. RESULTS Results of all HRM analyses (n = 22) were consistent with those of Sanger sequencing for differentiation of qacA from qacB. None of the isolates harbored qacH and only one MRSA harbored qacEΔ1. The harboring rate of qacA, qacB, and qacC among MRSA/MSSA isolates was 7.1% (n = 18)/0%, 38.2% (n = 97)/0%, and 7.5% (n = 19)/3.3% (n = 1), respectively. The most type of norA was norAI (n = 158), followed by norAIII (n = 87) and norAII (n = 9) among MRSA isolates. Based on the results of multivariate logistic regression analyses, only qacA and qacB would increase chlorhexidine MIC from ≤ 1 ug/ml to ≥ 2 ug/ml in MRSA isolates (P < 0.001) but not qacC or norA types (P=0.976 and 0.633 or 0.933, respectively). In addition, only qacA but not qacB was contributed to elevate chlorhexidine from ≤ 1 ug/ml to 4 ug/ml in MRSA isolates (P < 0.001 and 0.017, respectively). CONCLUSION HRM analysis can be a great method to differentiate qacA from qacB. The biocide gene with the most effect on chlorhexidine MIC in S. aureus isolates was qacA, followed by qacB, but qacC and different types of norA did not have any effect on chlorhexidine susceptibility. Further investigation on the influence of qacB, qacC and types of norA on chlorhexidine susceptibility is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Hsiang Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Chen Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ling Ho
- Department of Nursing, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Mao Ho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan; Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Clinical Pathology, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Diagnosis, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
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Chen CH, Chen YC, Huang CH, Wang SH, Lin JS, Lo SC, Huang CC. Exploring Potential Proteomic Biomarkers for Prognosis of Infective Endocarditis through Profiled Autoantibodies by an Immunomics Protein Array Technique. Heart Surg Forum 2020; 23:E555-E573. [PMID: 32990583 DOI: 10.1532/hsf.3017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Though infective endocarditis (IE) is a life-threatening cardiac infection with a high mortality rate, the effective diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for IE are still lacking. The aim of this study was to explore the potential applicable proteomic biomarkers for IE through the Immunome™ Protein Array system. The system was employed to profile those autoantibodies in IE patients and control subjects. Our results showed that interleukin-1 alpha (IL1A), nucleolar protein 4 (NOL4), tudor and KH domain-containing protein (TDRKH), G antigen 2B/2C (GAGE2), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and X antigen family member 2 (XAGE2) are highly differentially-expressed among IE and non-IE control. Furthermore, bactericidal permeability-increasing protein (BPI), drebrin-like protein (DBNL), signal transducing adapter molecule 2 (STAM2), cyclin-dependent kinase 16 (CDK16), BAG family molecular chaperone regulator 4 (BAG4), and nuclear receptor-interacting protein 3 (NRIP3) are differentially-expressed among IE and healthy controls. On the other hand, those previously identified biomarkers for IE, including erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, rheumatoid factor, procalcitonin, and N-terminal-pro-B-type natriuretic peptide demonstrated only minor significance. With scientific rationalities for those highly differentially-expressed proteins, they could serve as potential candidates for diagnostic biomarkers of IE for further analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hua Chen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Cheng Chen
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Hui Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.
| | - Shu-Hui Wang
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.
| | - Jen-Shiou Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.
| | - Shou-Chen Lo
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung County, Taiwan.
| | - Chieh-Chen Huang
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung County, Taiwan.
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Chiou WR, Chuang JY, Huang CC, Lin PL, Lee YH. 75Safety and efficacy of rivaroxaban in combination with anti-arrhythmic drugs in patients with non-permanent atrial fibrillation. Europace 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euaa162.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Rivaroxaban is useful for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. Most patients with non-permanent AF also treated with anti-arrhythmic drugs (AADs) to prevent the recurrence of arrhythmia. But there are limited data regarding drug-drug interactions between rivaroxaban and AADs despite its high clinical relevance.
Purpose
To compare the bleeding risks and ischemic events between the use of rivaroxaban alone and the concomitant use of AADs.
Methods
This is a multicenter retrospective study, which identified patients with a diagnosis of non-permanent AF who received rivaroxaban more than 1 month between December 1, 2011 and November 30, 2016. The study divided patients into 4 groups : rivaroxaban alone, combined with amiodarone, dronedarone and propafenone. We compared the clinical events and cumulative incidences to compare the endpoints including efficacy endpoint (new ischemic stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, or new
embolism), safety endpoints (Hb fall more than 2g/dL or transfusion more than 2U PRBC, critical site bleeding, or fatal bleeding.) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), including cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, new ischemic stroke, new embolism, or intracranial hemorrhage.
Results
Of 1777 enrolled patients, the rivaroxaban alone was 1205 cases, 177 in amiodarone group, 231 in dronedarone group and 164 in propafenone group. There was no statistically significant difference on efficacy endpoints, safety endpoints and MACE between the 4 groups. The average dosage of rivaroxaban was insignificantly the lowest in the group combined with dronedarone (12.3mg, p = 0.146). The rate of new embolism (0%, p = 0.029), recurrent heart failure admission rate (3.9%, p < 0.001), and all-cause mortality (3.0%, p = 0.013) in dronedarone group showed a significant lower occurrence rate. The occurrence rate of new ischemic stroke (0.9%, p = 0.549), new hemorrhagic stroke (0.4%, p = 0.546), efficacy endpoints (1.7%, p = 0.369) and MACE (3.9%, p = 0.72) in dronedarone droup were the lowest but insignificant. The cumulative incidences of efficacy endpoints, safety endpoints and MACE during follow-up period were also similar in these four groups.(Picture 1)
Conclusions
In patients with non-permanent atrial fibrillation, this real-world study showed that there were no significant differences between using rivaroxaban alone or concomitant with an AAD (dronedarone/amiodarone/propafenone) on events such as new ischemic stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, GI bleeding and MACEs. The happening of new embolism was lower especially in the group combined with dronedarone. The safety and efficacy between rivaroxaban alone and combined with rhythm control using AADs proved to be the same. Relative low dose rivaroxaban combined with dronedarone did not increase the bleeding risk, and may decrease the probability of thromboembolism.
Abstract Figure. Picture 1
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Affiliation(s)
- W R Chiou
- Taitung MacKay Memorial Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Taitung, Taiwan
| | - J Y Chuang
- MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - C C Huang
- Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Department of Medical Research, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - P L Lin
- Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Y H Lee
- MacKay Memorial Hospital, Cardiovascular Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chiou WR, Hsieh MC, Chuang HN, Huang CC, Chuang JY, Lin PL, Lee YH. P1064Using Data Mining to Predict Bleeding Events caused by Novel Oral Anticoagulants. Europace 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euaa162.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Novel oral anticoagulants (NOAC) is important in preventing thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. Bleeding risk was evaluated by HAS-BLED score traditionally. Data mining is a relatively new discipline that has sprung up at the confluence of several other disciplines, driven primarily by the growth of large databases.
Purpose
This study aimed to find a useful predictive model by data mining to assess the risk of rivaroxaban, an antithrombotic drug that causes bleeding in AF patients. The seven parameters of the HAS-BLED score were used to predict the effect of rivaroxaban on bleeding tendency in AF patients and may provide clinicians with appropriate treatments to avoid complications from bleeding events and reduce the incidence of health damage.
Methods
Through conducting a multicenter retrospective study, we identified patients with AF who were treated with rivaroxaban for more than 1 month between December 1, 2011 and November 30, 2016. After preprocessing, the established data were used for training and testing of data mining models. This study evaluated four models, including association rules, neural networks, Bayesian classification, and decision trees.
Result
Of the 872 enrolled cases, 432 were in any of the bleeding groups and 432 were in the non-bleeding randomized control group. After comparing the overall classification accuracy, omission error and over-prediction error, the decision tree proved to be the most accurate model for bleeding prediction. The overall classification accuracy is 77%, the omission error is 15%, the over-prediction error is 21.9%, and the AUC score is 0.84. The results show that the model has good discriminative ability and visibility of decision rules.
Conclusion
Among several data mining models, decision tree proved to be the most accurate model for bleeding prediction. The conclusion of this study can be used as a reference for supporting decision making before anticoagulation treatment and suggest future research to compare efficacy of bleeding prediction between HAS-BLED score and decision tree.
Data mining comparison Model Omission error Commission error Overall accuracy AUC score Ranking Decision tree 15.0% 21.90% 77.00% 0.84 1 Association rules 16.8% 27.20% 76.50% 0.81 2 Neural networks 12.0% 26.40% 78.20% 0.83 3 Bayesian classification 16.1% 27.50% 76.50% 0.83 4
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Affiliation(s)
- W R Chiou
- Taitung MacKay Memorial Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Taitung, Taiwan
| | - M C Hsieh
- National Taitung University, Department of Information Science and Management Systems, Taitung, Taiwan
| | - H N Chuang
- National Taitung University, Department of Information Science and Management Systems, Taitung, Taiwan
| | - C C Huang
- Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Department of Medical Research, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - J Y Chuang
- MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - P L Lin
- Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Y H Lee
- Mackay Memorial Hospital, Cardiovascular Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chen CH, Tseng IT, Lo SC, Yu ZR, Pang JJ, Chen YH, Huang CC, Li SY. Manipulating ATP supply improves in situ CO 2 recycling by reductive TCA cycle in engineered Escherichia coli. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:125. [PMID: 32140377 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-2116-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The reductive tricarboxylic acid (rTCA) cycle was reconstructed in Escherichia coli by introducing pGETS118KAFS, where kor (encodes α-ketoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase), acl (encodes ATP-dependent citrate lyase), frd (encodes fumarate reductase), and sdh (encodes succinate dehydrogenase) were tandemly conjugated by the ordered gene assembly in Bacillus subtilis (OGAB). E. coli MZLF (E. coli BL21(DE3) Δzwf, Δldh, Δfrd) was employed so that the C-2/C-1 [(ethanol + acetate)/(formate + CO2)] ratio can be used to investigate the effectiveness of the recombinant rTCA for in situ CO2 recycling. It has been shown that supplying ATP through the energy pump (the EP), where formate donates electron to nitrate to form ATP, elevates the C-2/C-1 ratio from 1.03 ± 0.00 to 1.49 ± 0.02. Similarly, when ATP production is increased by the introduction of the heterologous ethanol production pathway (pLOI295), the C-2/C-1 ratio further increased to 1.79 ± 0.02. In summary, the ATP supply is a rate-limiting step for in situ CO2 recycling by the recombinant rTCA cycle. The decrease in C-1 is significant, but the destination of those recycled C-1 is yet to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Hsun Chen
- 1Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402 Taiwan
| | - I-Ting Tseng
- 1Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402 Taiwan
| | - Shou-Chen Lo
- 2Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402 Taiwan
| | - Zi-Rong Yu
- 1Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402 Taiwan
| | - Ju-Jiun Pang
- 1Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402 Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Chen
- 1Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402 Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Chen Huang
- 2Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402 Taiwan
- 3The Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402 Taiwan
| | - Si-Yu Li
- 1Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402 Taiwan
- 3The Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402 Taiwan
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Anandharaj M, Lin YJ, Rani RP, Nadendla EK, Ho MC, Huang CC, Cheng JF, Chang JJ, Li WH. Constructing a yeast to express the largest cellulosome complex on the cell surface. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:2385-2394. [PMID: 31953261 PMCID: PMC7007581 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1916529117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellulosomes, which are multienzyme complexes from anaerobic bacteria, are considered nature's finest cellulolytic machinery. Thus, constructing a cellulosome in an industrial yeast has long been a goal pursued by scientists. However, it remains highly challenging due to the size and complexity of cellulosomal genes. Here, we overcame the difficulties by synthesizing the Clostridium thermocellum scaffoldin gene (CipA) and the anchoring protein gene (OlpB) using advanced synthetic biology techniques. The engineered Kluyveromyces marxianus, a probiotic yeast, secreted a mixture of dockerin-fused fungal cellulases, including an endoglucanase (TrEgIII), exoglucanase (CBHII), β-glucosidase (NpaBGS), and cellulase boosters (TaLPMO and MtCDH). The confocal microscopy results confirmed the cell-surface display of OlpB-ScGPI and fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis results revealed that almost 81% of yeast cells displayed OlpB-ScGPI. We have also demonstrated the cellulosome complex formation using purified and crude cellulosomal proteins. Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometric analysis further confirmed the cellulosome complex formation. Our engineered cellulosome can accommodate up to 63 enzymes, whereas the largest engineered cellulosome reported thus far could accommodate only 12 enzymes and was expressed by a plasmid instead of chromosomal integration. Interestingly, CipA 2B9C (with two cellulose binding modules, CBM) released significantly higher quantities of reducing sugars compared with other CipA variants, thus confirming the importance of cohesin numbers and CBM domain on cellulosome complex. The engineered yeast host efficiently degraded cellulosic substrates and released 3.09 g/L and 8.61 g/L of ethanol from avicel and phosphoric acid-swollen cellulose, respectively, which is higher than any previously constructed yeast cellulosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marimuthu Anandharaj
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, 11529 Taipei, Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, National Chung Hsing University and Academia Sinica, 11529 Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 40227 Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ju Lin
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, 11529 Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Meng-Chiao Ho
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 11529 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Chen Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, 40227 Taichung, Taiwan
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, 40227 Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jan-Fang Cheng
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Walnut Creek, CA 94598
| | - Jui-Jen Chang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, 402 Taichung, Taiwan;
| | - Wen-Hsiung Li
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, 11529 Taipei, Taiwan;
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, National Chung Hsing University and Academia Sinica, 11529 Taipei, Taiwan
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, 40227 Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
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Cheng HTY, Lo SC, Huang CC, Ho TY, Yang YT. Detailed profiling of carbon fixation of in silico synthetic autotrophy with reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle and Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle in Esherichia coli using hydrogen as an energy source. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2019; 4:165-172. [PMID: 31528741 PMCID: PMC6739492 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon fixation is the main route of inorganic carbon in the form of CO2 into the biosphere. In nature, RuBisCO is the most abundant protein that photosynthetic organisms use to fix CO2 from the atmosphere through the Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle. However, the CBB cycle is limited by its low catalytic rate and low energy efficiency. In this work, we attempt to integrate the reductive tricarboxylic acid and CBB cycles in silico to further improve carbon fixation capacity. Key heterologous enzymes, mostly carboxylating enzymes, are inserted into the Esherichia coli core metabolic network to assimilate CO2 into biomass using hydrogen as energy source. Overall, such a strain shows enhanced growth yield with simultaneous running of dual carbon fixation cycles. Our key results include the following. (i) We identified two main growth states: carbon-limited and hydrogen-limited; (ii) we identified a hierarchy of carbon fixation usage when hydrogen supply is limited; and (iii) we identified the alternative sub-optimal growth mode while performing genetic perturbation. The results and modeling approach can guide bioengineering projects toward optimal production using such a strain as a microbial cell factory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsieh-Ting-Yang Cheng
- Department of Computer Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shou-Chen Lo
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung-Hsing Univeristy, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chieh-Chen Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung-Hsing Univeristy, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Program in Microbial Genomics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tsung-Yi Ho
- Department of Computer Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ya-Tang Yang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Corresponding author.
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Liu HL, Chang JJ, Thia C, Lin YJ, Lo SC, Huang CC, Li WH. Characterizing an engineered carotenoid-producing yeast as an anti-stress chassis for building cell factories. Microb Cell Fact 2019; 18:155. [PMID: 31506091 PMCID: PMC6737703 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-019-1205-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A microorganism engineered for non-native tasks may suffer stresses it never met before. Therefore, we examined whether a Kluyveromyces marxianus strain engineered with a carotenoid biosynthesis pathway can serve as an anti-stress chassis for building cell factories. Results Carotenoids, a family of antioxidants, are valuable natural products with high commercial potential. We showed that the free radical removal ability of carotenoids can confer the engineered host with a higher tolerance to ethanol, so that it can produce more bio-ethanol than the wild type. Moreover, we found that this engineered strain has improved tolerance to other toxic effects including furfurals, heavy metals such as arsenate (biomass contaminant) and isobutanol (end product). Furthermore, the enhanced ethanol tolerance of the host can be applied to bioconversion of a natural medicine that needs to use ethanol as the delivery solvent of hydrophobic precursors. The result suggested that the engineered yeast showed enhanced tolerance to ethanol-dissolved hydrophobic 10-deacetylbaccatin III, which is considered a sustainable precursor for paclitaxel (taxol) bioconversion. Conclusions The stress tolerances of the engineered yeast strain showed tolerance to several toxins, so it may serve as a chassis for cell factories to produce target products, and the co-production of carotenoids may make the biorefinary more cost-effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Lin Liu
- Ph.D. Program in Microbial Genomics, National Chung Hsing University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.,Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, No. 250, Kuo Kuang Rd, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Jen Chang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.,Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Caroline Thia
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, No. 250, Kuo Kuang Rd, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ju Lin
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Shou-Chen Lo
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, No. 250, Kuo Kuang Rd, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Chen Huang
- Ph.D. Program in Microbial Genomics, National Chung Hsing University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, No. 250, Kuo Kuang Rd, Taichung, 402, Taiwan. .,Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, No. 145, Xingda Rd, South Dist, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Hsiung Li
- Ph.D. Program in Microbial Genomics, National Chung Hsing University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan. .,Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
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Huang WC, Lee CH, Wu MF, Huang CC, Hsu CH, Chen HC, Hsu JY, Huang CC. Clinical features, bacteriology of endotracheal aspirates and treatment outcomes of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and community-acquired pneumonia in an intensive care unit in Taiwan with an emphasis on eosinophilia versus non-eosinophilia: a retrospective case-control study. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e020341. [PMID: 30206074 PMCID: PMC6144339 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The clinical implications of blood eosinophil level in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) requiring invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) and intensive care unit (ICU) admission are still unknown. Thus, this study aimed to compare the features of such patients with and without blood eosinophilia. DESIGN This was a retrospective case-control study. SETTING An ICU of a medical centre in central Taiwan. PARTICIPANTS A total of 262 patients with COPD and CAP requiring IMV and ICU admission. RESULTS Of all participants (n=262), 32 (12.2%) had an eosinophil percentage (EP) >2% and 169 (64.5%) had an absolute eosinophil count (AEC) >300 cells/µL. Regardless of whether 2% or 300 cells/µL was used as a cut-off value, the eosinophilia group were slightly older (years) (82.9±5.4 vs 78.1±9.1, p=0.000 and 79.2±8.4 vs 77.6±9.6, p=0.246, respectively), and had a higher forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity (%) (56.0±8.0 vs 51.3±11.6, p=0.005 and 53.1±11.2 vs 49.5±11.2, p=0.013, respectively), less severe spirometric classification (p=0.008 and p=0.001, respectively), and lower white cell count 109/L (8.8±3.2 vs 11.1±4.9, p=0.009 and 10.3±4.4 vs 11.8±5.3, p=0.017, respectively) than the non-eosinophilia group. The bacteriology of endotracheal aspirates showed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other gram-negative bacilli were the most common organisms in all study groups. Participants with an EP >2% had a shorter ICU length of stay (OR=12.13, p=0.001) than those with an EP ≤2%, while an AEC >300 cells/µL was not associated with any in-ICUoutcomes. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study have significant clinical implications and should be considered when making treatment decisions for the management of patients with COPD and CAP requiring IMV and ICU admission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chang Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Technology, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsiao Lee
- Department of Medical Technology, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Feng Wu
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Cheng Huang
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hui Hsu
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chen Chen
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Yuan Hsu
- Division of Clinical Research, Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Physical Therapy, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Chen Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Huang CC, Chen YH, Hung CS, Lee JK, Hsu TP, Chuang PY, Chen MF, Ho YL. P951Short-term exposure to ambient air pollutants affected home blood pressure in patients with chronic cardiovascular diseases. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy564.p951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C C Huang
- National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan ROC
| | - Y H Chen
- National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan ROC
| | - C S Hung
- National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan ROC
| | - J K Lee
- National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan ROC
| | - T P Hsu
- National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan ROC
| | - P Y Chuang
- National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan ROC
| | - M F Chen
- National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan ROC
| | - Y L Ho
- National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan ROC
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Chang JJ, Anandharaj M, Ho CY, Tsuge K, Tsai TY, Ke HM, Lin YJ, Ha Tran MD, Li WH, Huang CC. Biomimetic strategy for constructing Clostridium thermocellum cellulosomal operons in Bacillus subtilis. Biotechnol Biofuels 2018; 11:157. [PMID: 29930703 PMCID: PMC5991470 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1151-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enzymatic conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into soluble sugars is a major bottleneck in the plant biomass utilization. Several anaerobic organisms cope these issues via multiple-enzyme complex system so called 'cellulosome'. Hence, we proposed a "biomimic operon" concept for making an artificial cellulosome which can be used as a promising tool for the expression of cellulosomal enzymes in Bacillus subtilis. RESULTS According to the proteomic analysis of Clostridium thermocellum ATCC27405 induced by Avicel or cellobiose, we selected eight highly expressed cellulosomal genes including a scaffoldin protein gene (cipA), a cell-surface anchor gene (sdbA), two exoglucanase genes (celK and celS), two endoglucanase genes (celA and celR), and two xylanase genes (xynC and xynZ). Arranging these eight genes in two different orders, we constructed two different polycistronic operons using the ordered gene assembly in Bacillus method. This is the first study to express the whole CipA along with cellulolytic enzymes in B. subtilis. Each operon was successfully expressed in B. subtilis RM125, and the protein complex assembly, cellulose-binding ability, thermostability, and cellulolytic activity were demonstrated. The operon with a higher xylanase activity showed greater saccharification on complex cellulosic substrates such as Napier grass than the other operon. CONCLUSIONS In this study, a strategy for constructing an efficient cellulosome system was developed and two different artificial cellulosomal operons were constructed. Both operons could efficiently express the cellulosomal enzymes and exhibited cellulose saccharification. This strategy can be applied to different industries with cellulose-containing materials, such as papermaking, biofuel, agricultural compost, mushroom cultivation, and waste processing industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Jen Chang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 402 Taiwan
| | - Marimuthu Anandharaj
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, National Chung Hsing University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227 Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Ho
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227 Taiwan
| | - Kenji Tsuge
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 403-1 Nipponkoku, Daihoji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0017 Japan
| | - Tsung-Yu Tsai
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Huei-Mien Ke
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227 Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ju Lin
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Minh Dung Ha Tran
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, National Chung Hsing University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227 Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227 Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsiung Li
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, National Chung Hsing University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227 Taiwan
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227 Taiwan
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Chieh-Chen Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227 Taiwan
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227 Taiwan
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Kawakita T, Reddy UM, Huang CC, Auguste TC, Bauer D, Overcash RT. Predicting Vaginal Delivery in Nulliparous Women Undergoing Induction of Labor at Term. Am J Perinatol 2018; 35:660-668. [PMID: 29212131 DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1608847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to develop a model to calculate the likelihood of vaginal delivery in nulliparous women undergoing induction at term. STUDY DESIGN We obtained data from the Consortium on Safe Labor by including nulliparous women with term singleton pregnancies undergoing induction of labor at term. Women with contraindications for vaginal delivery were excluded. A stepwise logistic regression analysis was used to identify the predictors associated with vaginal delivery by considering maternal characteristics and comorbidities and fetal conditions. The receiver operating characteristic curve, with an area under the curve (AUC) was used to assess the accuracy of the model. RESULTS Of 10,591 nulliparous women who underwent induction of labor, 8,202 (77.4%) women had vaginal delivery. Our model identified maternal age, gestational age at delivery, race, maternal height, prepregnancy weight, gestational weight gain, cervical exam on admission (dilation, effacement, and station), chronic hypertension, gestational diabetes, pregestational diabetes, and abruption as significant predictors for successful vaginal delivery. The overall predictive ability of the final model, as measured by the AUC was 0.759 (95% confidence interval, 0.749-0.770). CONCLUSION We identified independent risk factors that can be used to predict vaginal delivery among nulliparas undergoing induction at term. Our predictor provides women with additional information when considering induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kawakita
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - U M Reddy
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - C C Huang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, MedStar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville, Maryland.,Georgetown-Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - T C Auguste
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, District of Columbia.,MedStar Simulation Training & Education Lab, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - D Bauer
- MedStar Simulation Training & Education Lab, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - R T Overcash
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, District of Columbia
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Orsi Gordo V, Balanta MAG, Galvão Gobato Y, Covre FS, Galeti HVA, Iikawa F, Couto ODD, Qu F, Henini M, Hewak DW, Huang CC. Revealing the nature of low-temperature photoluminescence peaks by laser treatment in van der Waals epitaxially grown WS 2 monolayers. Nanoscale 2018; 10:4807-4815. [PMID: 29469923 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr00719e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) are promising materials for optoelectronics devices. However, one of the challenges is to fabricate large-scale growth of high quality TMD monolayers with the desired properties in order to expand their use in potential applications. Here, we demonstrate large-scale tungsten disulfide (WS2) monolayers grown by van der Waals Epitaxy (VdWE). We show that, in addition to the large structural uniformity and homogeneity of these samples, their optical properties are very sensitive to laser irradiation. We observe a time instability in the photoluminescence (PL) emission at low temperatures in the scale of seconds to minutes. Interestingly, this change of the PL spectra with time, which is due to laser induced carrier doping, is employed to successfully distinguish the emission of two negatively charged bright excitons. Furthermore, we also detect blinking sharp bound exciton emissions which are usually attractive for single photon sources. Our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of this complex carrier dynamics induced by laser irradiation which is very important for future optoelectronic devices based on large scale TMD monolayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Orsi Gordo
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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Chang JJ, Lin YJ, Lay CH, Thia C, Wu YC, Hou YH, Huang CC, Li WH. Constructing a cellulosic yeast host with an efficient cellulase cocktail. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 115:751-761. [PMID: 29197184 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose is a renewable feedstock for green industry. It is therefore important to develop a technique to construct a host with a high cellulolytic efficiency to digest cellulose. In this study, we developed a convenient host-engineering technique to adjust the expression levels of heterologous genes in the host by promoter rearrangement and gene copy number adjustment. Using genes from different glycoside hydrolase (GH) families including GH2, GH3, GH5, GH6, GH7, and GH12 from Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma reesei, and Neocallimastix patriciarum, we constructed a cellulolytic Kluyveromyces marxianus with eight cellulase gene-cassettes that produced a cellulase cocktail with a high cellulolytic efficiency, leading to a significant reduction in enzyme cost in a rice straw saccharification process. Our technique can be used to design a host that can efficiently convert biomass feedstock to biofuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Jen Chang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ju Lin
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chyi-How Lay
- Master Program of Green Energy Science and Technology, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Green Energy Development Center, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Caroline Thia
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Chin Wu
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Han Hou
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Chen Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsiung Li
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Lin YJ, Chang JJ, Lin HY, Thia C, Kao YY, Huang CC, Li WH. Metabolic engineering a yeast to produce astaxanthin. Bioresour Technol 2017; 245:899-905. [PMID: 28931206 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.07.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an astaxanthin-biosynthesis Kluyveromyces marxianus strain Sm23 was first constructed, which could produce 31µg/g DCW astaxanthin. Then, repeated genome integration of the key astaxanthin biosynthesis genes Hpchyb and bkt was done to increase gene copy number and astaxanthin yield. Four improved strains were obtained and the yield of astaxanthin and the total yield of carotenoids in a strain increased with the copy numbers of Hpchyb and bkt. To improve the yield further, the gene Hpchyb from Haematococcus pluvialis was modified by site-directed mutagenesis to increase the enzyme efficiency or/and to prevent the heterologous protein degradation by ubiquitination. Using repeated-integration approach of bkt and the mutated Hpchyb into Sm23, the S3-2 strain was obtained and shown to produce the 3S, 3'S-astaxanthin at 9972µg/g DCW in a 5L fermentor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ju Lin
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road, Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, No. 250, Kuo Kuang Rd, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Jen Chang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Yeh Lin
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road, Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Caroline Thia
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road, Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ying Kao
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road, Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Chen Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, No. 250, Kuo Kuang Rd, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsiung Li
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road, Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, No. 250, Kuo Kuang Rd, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States.
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50
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Hsieh HM, Chung MC, Chen PY, Hsu FM, Liao WW, Sung AN, Lin CR, Wang CJR, Kao YH, Fang MJ, Lai CY, Huang CC, Chou JC, Chou WN, Chang BCH, Ju YM. A termite symbiotic mushroom maximizing sexual activity at growing tips of vegetative hyphae. Bot Stud 2017; 58:39. [PMID: 28929370 PMCID: PMC5605481 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-017-0191-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Termitomyces mushrooms are mutualistically associated with fungus-growing termites, which are widely considered to cultivate a monogenotypic Termitomyces symbiont within a colony. Termitomyces cultures isolated directly from termite colonies are heterokaryotic, likely through mating between compatible homokaryons. RESULTS After pairing homokaryons carrying different haplotypes at marker gene loci MIP and RCB from a Termitomyces fruiting body associated with Odontotermes formosanus, we observed nuclear fusion and division, which greatly resembled meiosis, during each hyphal cell division and conidial formation in the resulting heterokaryons. Surprisingly, nuclei in homokaryons also behaved similarly. To confirm if meiotic-like recombination occurred within mycelia, we constructed whole-genome sequencing libraries from mycelia of two homokaryons and a heterokaryon resulting from mating of the two homokaryons. Obtained reads were aligned to the reference genome of Termitomyces sp. J132 for haplotype reconstruction. After removal of the recombinant haplotypes shared between the heterokaryon and either homokaryons, we inferred that 5.04% of the haplotypes from the heterokaryon were the recombinants resulting from homologous recombination distributed genome-wide. With RNA transcripts of four meiosis-specific genes, including SPO11, DMC1, MSH4, and MLH1, detected from a mycelial sample by real-time quantitative PCR, the nuclear behavior in mycelia was reconfirmed meiotic-like. CONCLUSION Unlike other basidiomycetes where sex is largely restricted to basidia, Termitomyces maximizes sexuality at somatic stage, resulting in an ever-changing genotype composed of a myriad of coexisting heterogeneous nuclei in a heterokaryon. Somatic meiotic-like recombination may endow Termitomyces with agility to cope with termite consumption by maximized genetic variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huei-Mei Hsieh
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chu Chung
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Pao-Yang Chen
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Fei-Man Hsu
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Wen-Wei Liao
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Ai-Ning Sung
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ru Lin
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | | | - Yu-Hsin Kao
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Mei-Jane Fang
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yung Lai
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, 50074 Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Chen Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227 Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Ching Chou
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, 97401 Taiwan
| | - Wen-Neng Chou
- National Museum of Natural Science, Taichung, 40453 Taiwan
| | | | - Yu-Ming Ju
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
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