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Lajis AFB. Realm of Thermoalkaline Lipases in Bioprocess Commodities. J Lipids 2018; 2018:5659683. [PMID: 29666707 PMCID: PMC5832097 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5659683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, microbial lipases are notably used as biocatalysts and efficiently catalyze various processes in many important industries. Biocatalysts are less corrosive to industrial equipment and due to their substrate specificity and regioselectivity they produced less harmful waste which promotes environmental sustainability. At present, thermostable and alkaline tolerant lipases have gained enormous interest as biocatalyst due to their stability and robustness under high temperature and alkaline environment operation. Several characteristics of the thermostable and alkaline tolerant lipases are discussed. Their molecular weight and resistance towards a range of temperature, pH, metal, and surfactants are compared. Their industrial applications in biodiesel, biodetergents, biodegreasing, and other types of bioconversions are also described. This review also discusses the advance of fermentation process for thermostable and alkaline tolerant lipases production focusing on the process development in microorganism selection and strain improvement, culture medium optimization via several optimization techniques (i.e., one-factor-at-a-time, surface response methodology, and artificial neural network), and other fermentation parameters (i.e., inoculums size, temperature, pH, agitation rate, dissolved oxygen tension (DOT), and aeration rate). Two common fermentation techniques for thermostable and alkaline tolerant lipases production which are solid-state and submerged fermentation methods are compared and discussed. Recent optimization approaches using evolutionary algorithms (i.e., Genetic Algorithm, Differential Evolution, and Particle Swarm Optimization) are also highlighted in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Firdaus B. Lajis
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
- Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Center, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
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Kumar S, Singh S, Senapati S, Singh AP, Ray B, Maiti P. Controlled drug release through regulated biodegradation of poly(lactic acid) using inorganic salts. Int J Biol Macromol 2017. [PMID: 28624369 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradation rate of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) has been regulated, both increase and decrease with respect to the biodegradation of pure PLA, by embedding meager amount of inorganic salts in polymer matrix. Biodegradation is performed in enzyme medium on suspension and film and the extent of biodegradation is measured through spectroscopic technique which is also verified by weight loss measurement. Media pH has been controlled using trace amount of inorganic salt which eventually control the biodegradation of PLA. High performance liquid chromatography confirms the hydrolytic degradation of PLA to its monomer/oligomer. Induced pH by metal salts show maximum degradation at alkaline range (with calcium salt) while inhibition is observed in acidic medium (with iron salt). The pH of media changes the conformation of enzyme which in turn regulate the rate of biodegradation. Thermal degradation and increment of modulus indicate improvement in thermo-mechanical properties of PLA in presence of inorganic salts. Functional stability of enzyme with metal salts corresponding to acidic and alkaline pH has been established through a model to explain the conformational changes of the active sites of enzyme at varying pH influencing the rate of hydrolysis leading to regulated biodegradation of PLA. The tuned biodegradation has been applied for the controlled release of drug from the polymer matrix (both sustained and enhanced cumulative release as compared to pure polymer). The cell proliferation and adhesion are influenced by the acidic and basic nature of polymeric material tuned by two different inorganic salts showing better adhesion and proliferation in calcium based composite and, therefore, suggest biological use of these composites in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- School of Materials Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221 005, India
| | - Shikha Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - Sudipta Senapati
- School of Materials Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221 005, India
| | - Akhand Pratap Singh
- School of Materials Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221 005, India
| | - Biswajit Ray
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - Pralay Maiti
- School of Materials Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221 005, India.
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Alnoch RC, Martini VP, Glogauer A, Costa ACDS, Piovan L, Muller-Santos M, de Souza EM, de Oliveira Pedrosa F, Mitchell DA, Krieger N. Immobilization and characterization of a new regioselective and enantioselective lipase obtained from a metagenomic library. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0114945. [PMID: 25706996 PMCID: PMC4338019 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In previous work, a new lipase and its cognate foldase were identified and isolated from a metagenomic library constructed from soil samples contaminated with fat. This new lipase, called LipG9, is a true lipase that shows specific activities that are comparable to those of well-known industrially-used lipases with high activity against long-chain triglycerides. In the present work, LipG9 was co-expressed and co-immobilized with its foldase, on an inert hydrophobic support (Accurel MP1000). We studied the performance of this immobilized LipG9 (Im-LipG9) in organic media, in order to evaluate its potential for use in biocatalysis. Im-LipG9 showed good stability, maintaining a residual activity of more than 70% at 50 °C after incubation in n-heptane (log P 4.0) for 8 h. It was also stable in polar organic solvents such as ethanol (log P -0.23) and acetone (log P -0.31), maintaining more than 80% of its original activity after 8 h incubation at 30 °C. The synthesis of ethyl esters was tested with fatty acids of different chain lengths in n-heptane at 30 °C. The best conversions (90% in 3 h) were obtained for medium and long chain saturated fatty acids (C8, C14 and C16), with the maximum specific activity, 29 U per gram of immobilized preparation, being obtained with palmitic acid (C16). Im-LipG9 was sn-1,3-specific. In the transesterification of the alcohol (R,S)-1-phenylethanol with vinyl acetate and the hydrolysis of the analogous ester, (R,S)-1-phenylethyl acetate, Im-LipG9 showed excellent enantioselectivity for the R-isomer of both substrates (E> 200), giving an enantiomeric excess (ee) of higher than 95% for the products at 49% conversion. The results obtained in this work provide the basis for the development of applications of LipG9 in biocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robson Carlos Alnoch
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Cx. P. 19046 Centro Politécnico, Curitiba 81531–980, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Arnaldo Glogauer
- Agência Tecpar de Inovação, Instituto de Tecnologia do Paraná—Tecpar, Curitiba 81350–010, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Allen Carolina dos Santos Costa
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Cx. P. 19081 Centro Politécnico, Curitiba 81531–980, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Leandro Piovan
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Cx. P. 19081 Centro Politécnico, Curitiba 81531–980, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Muller-Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Cx. P. 19046 Centro Politécnico, Curitiba 81531–980, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Emanuel Maltempi de Souza
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Cx. P. 19046 Centro Politécnico, Curitiba 81531–980, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Fábio de Oliveira Pedrosa
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Cx. P. 19046 Centro Politécnico, Curitiba 81531–980, Paraná, Brazil
| | - David Alexander Mitchell
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Cx. P. 19046 Centro Politécnico, Curitiba 81531–980, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Nadia Krieger
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Cx. P. 19081 Centro Politécnico, Curitiba 81531–980, Paraná, Brazil
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Chater PI, Wilcox MD, Houghton D, Pearson JP. The role of seaweed bioactives in the control of digestion: implications for obesity treatments. Food Funct 2015; 6:3420-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00293a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Seaweeds are an underutilised nutritional resource that could not only compliment the current western diet but potentially bring additional health benefits over and above their nutritional value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter I. Chater
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences
- Medical School
- Newcastle University
- Newcastle upon Tyne
- UK
| | - Matthew D. Wilcox
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences
- Medical School
- Newcastle University
- Newcastle upon Tyne
- UK
| | - David Houghton
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences
- Medical School
- Newcastle University
- Newcastle upon Tyne
- UK
| | - Jeffrey P. Pearson
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences
- Medical School
- Newcastle University
- Newcastle upon Tyne
- UK
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Ninomiya R, Zhu B, Kojima T, Iwasaki Y, Nakano H. Role of disulfide bond isomerase DsbC, calcium ions, and hemin in cell-free protein synthesis of active manganese peroxidase isolated from Phanerochaete chrysosporium. J Biosci Bioeng 2014; 117:652-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Cheng M, Angkawidjaja C, Koga Y, Kanaya S. Calcium-independent opening of lid1 of a family I.3 lipase by a single Asp to Arg mutation at the calcium-binding site. Protein Eng Des Sel 2014; 27:169-76. [DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzu009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Ogino H, Inoue S, Yasuda M, Doukyu N. Hyper-activation of foldase-dependent lipase with lipase-specific foldase. J Biotechnol 2013; 166:20-4. [PMID: 23669194 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The LST-03 lipase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa LST-03 requires lipase-specific foldase for activation. Abundant expression of the active lipase was successfully accomplished with individual expression of the lipase and foldase in a heterologous host and subsequent in vitro activation. Although the activity of the native lipase from culture supernatant of P. aeruginosa LST-03 was 110 kI.U./g, that after in vitro activation using individually expressed lipase and foldase was 228 kI.U./g. Furthermore, the activity after in vitro activation with afterwards adding calcium ions was 359 kI.U./g. However, the incubation of the lipase with the foldase in the presence of calcium ions resulted in a small conformational transition and low activation levels of the lipase by the foldase. The lipase showed high affinity for the foldase in the presence of calcium ions. The results indicate that in a cellular environment that contains calcium ions, the lipase would not become a hyperactive form by the foldase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyasu Ogino
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
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Wu X, You P, Su E, Xu J, Gao B, Wei D. In vivo functional expression of a screened P. aeruginosa chaperone-dependent lipase in E. coli. BMC Biotechnol 2012; 12:58. [PMID: 22950599 PMCID: PMC3497882 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-12-58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microbial lipases particularly Pseudomonas lipases are widely used for biotechnological applications. It is a meaningful work to design experiments to obtain high-level active lipase. There is a limiting factor for functional overexpression of the Pseudomonas lipase that a chaperone is necessary for effective folding. As previously reported, several methods had been used to resolve the problem. In this work, the lipase (LipA) and its chaperone (LipB) from a screened strain named AB which belongs to Pseudomonas aeruginosa were overexpressed in E. coli with two dual expression plasmid systems to enhance the production of the active lipase LipA without in vitro refolding process. Results In this work, we screened a lipase-produced strain named AB through the screening procedure, which was identified as P. aeruginosa on the basis of 16S rDNA. Genomic DNA obtained from the strain was used to isolate the gene lipA (936 bp) and lipase specific foldase gene lipB (1023 bp). One single expression plasmid system E. coli BL21/pET28a-lipAB and two dual expression plasmid systems E. coli BL21/pETDuet-lipA-lipB and E. coli BL21/pACYCDuet-lipA-lipB were successfully constructed. The lipase activities of the three expression systems were compared to choose the optimal expression method. Under the same cultured condition, the activities of the lipases expressed by E. coli BL21/pET28a-lipAB and E. coli BL21/pETDuet-lipA-lipB were 1300 U/L and 3200 U/L, respectively, while the activity of the lipase expressed by E. coli BL21/pACYCDuet-lipA-lipB was up to 8500 U/L. The lipase LipA had an optimal temperature of 30°C and an optimal pH of 9 with a strong pH tolerance. The active LipA could catalyze the reaction between fatty alcohols and fatty acids to generate fatty acid alkyl esters, which meant that LipA was able to catalyze esterification reaction. The most suitable fatty acid and alcohol substrates for esterification were octylic acid and hexanol, respectively. Conclusions The effect of different plasmid system on the active LipA expression was significantly different. pACYCDuet-lipA-lipB was more suitable for the expression of active LipA than pET28a-lipAB and pETDuet-lipA-lipB. The LipA showed obvious esterification activity and thus had potential biocatalytic applications. The expression method reported here can give reference for the expression of those enzymes that require chaperones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
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Quyen TD, Vu CH, Le GTT. Enhancing functional production of a chaperone-dependent lipase in Escherichia coli using the dual expression cassette plasmid. Microb Cell Fact 2012; 11:29. [PMID: 22380513 PMCID: PMC3359195 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-11-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lipase subfamilies I.1 and I.2 show more than 33% homology in the amino acid sequences and most members share another common property that their genes are clustered with the secondary genes whose protein products are required for folding the lipase into an active conformation and secretion into the culture medium. In previous studies, the lipase (LipA) and its chaperone (LipB) from Ralstonia sp. M1 were overexpressed in E. coli and the lipase was successfully refolded in vitro. The purpose of this study was to enhance the production of the active lipase LipA from Ralstonia sp. M1 in the heterologous host E. coli without in vitro refolding process, using two-plasmid co-expression systems and dual expression cassette plasmid systems. RESULTS To produce more active lipase from Ralstonia sp. M1 in E. coli without in vitro refolding process but with the help of overexpression of the chaperone (LipB1 and LipB3 corresponding to 56-aa truncated and 26-aa truncated chaperone LipB), six different expression systems including 2 two-plasmid co-expression systems (E. coli BL21/pELipABa + pELipB1k and BL21/pELipABa + pELipB3k) and 4 dual expression cassette plasmid systems (BL21/pELipAB-LipB1a, BL21/pELipAB-LipB3a, BL21/pELipA-LipB1a, and BL21/pELipA-LipB3a) were constructed. The two-plasmid co-expression systems (E. coli BL21/pELipABa + pELipB1k and BL21/pELipABa + pELipB3k) produced the active lipase at a level of 4 times as high as the single expression cassette plasmid system E. coli BL21/pELipABa did. For the first time, the dual expression cassette plasmid systems BL21/pELipAB-LipB1a and BL21/pELipAB-LipB3a yielded 29- and 19-fold production of the active lipase in comparison with the single expression cassette plasmid system E. coli BL21/pELipABa, respectively. Although the lipase amount was equally expressed in all these expression systems (40% of total cellular protein) and only a small fraction of the overexpressed lipase was folded in vivo into the functional lipase in soluble form whereas the main fraction was still inactive in the form of inclusion bodies. Another controversial finding was that the dual expression cassette plasmid systems E. coli BL21/pELipAB-LipB1a and E. coli/pELipAB-LipB3a secreted the active lipase into the culture medium of 51 and 29 times as high as the single expression cassette plasmid system E. coli pELipABa did, respectively, which has never been reported before. Another interesting finding was that the lipase form LipA6xHis (mature lipase fused with 6× histidine tag) expressed in the dual expression cassette plasmid systems (BL21/pELipA-LipB1a and BL21/pELipA-LipB3a) showed no lipase activity although the expression level of the lipase and two chaperone forms LipB1 and LipB3 in these systems remained as high as that in E. coli BL21/pELipABa + pELipB1k, BL21/pELipABa + pELipB3k, BL21/pELipAB-LipB1a, and BL21/pELipAB-LipB3a. The addition of Neptune oil or detergents into the LB medium increased the lipase production and secretion by up to 94%. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrated that a dual expression cassette plasmid system E. coli could overproduce and secrete the active chaperone-dependent lipase (subfamilies I.1 and I.2) in vivo and an improved dual expression cassette plasmid system E. coli could be potentially applied for industrial-scale production of subfamily I.1 and I.2 lipases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Dinh Quyen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Distr, Caugiay 10600, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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Vidya P, Chadha A. Pseudomonas cepacia lipase catalyzed esterification and transesterification of 3-(furan-2-yl) propanoic acid/ethyl ester: A comparison in ionic liquids vs hexane. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2010.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Chaperone-dependent gene expression of organic solvent-tolerant lipase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain S5. Process Biochem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2009.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Madan B, Mishra P. Co-expression of the lipase and foldase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to a functional lipase in Escherichia coli. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 85:597-604. [PMID: 19629472 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-2131-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2008] [Revised: 07/06/2009] [Accepted: 07/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The lipA gene, a structural gene encoding for protein of molecular mass 48 kDa, and lipB gene, encoding for a lipase-specific chaperone with molecular mass of 35 kDa, of Pseudomonas aeruginosa B2264 were co-expressed in heterologous host Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) to obtain in vivo expression of functional lipase. The recombinant lipase was expressed with histidine tag at its N terminus and was purified to homogeneity using nickel affinity chromatography. The amino acid sequence of LipA and LipB of P. aeruginosa B2264 was 99-100% identical with the corresponding sequence of LipA and LipB of P. aeruginosa LST-03 and P. aeruginosa PA01, but it has less identity with Pseudomonas cepacia (Burkholderia cepacia) as it showed only 37.6% and 23.3% identity with the B. cepacia LipA and LipB sequence, respectively. The molecular mass of the recombinant lipase was found to be 48 kDa. The recombinant lipase exhibited optimal activity at pH 8.0 and 37 degrees C, though it was active between pH 5.0 and pH 9.0 and up to 45 degrees C. K (m) and V (max) values for recombinant P. aeruginosa lipase were found to be 151.5 +/- 29 microM and 217 +/- 22.5 micromol min(-1) mg(-1) protein, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawna Madan
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India
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Kuwahara K, Angkawidjaja C, Matsumura H, Koga Y, Takano K, Kanaya S. Importance of the Ca2+-binding sites in the N-catalytic domain of a family I.3 lipase for activity and stability. Protein Eng Des Sel 2008; 21:737-44. [DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzn057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Kasche V, Ignatova Z, Märkl H, Plate W, Punckt N, Schmidt D, Wiegandt K, Ernst B. Ca2+ Is a Cofactor Required for Membrane Transport and Maturation and Is a Yield-Determining Factor in High Cell Density Penicillin Amidase Production. Biotechnol Prog 2008; 21:432-8. [PMID: 15801782 DOI: 10.1021/bp049636a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Penicillin amidases (PAs) from E. coli and A. faecalis are periplasmic enzymes that contain one tightly bound Ca(2+) per molecule that does not directly participate in the enzymatic function. This ion may, however, be required for the maturation of the pre-pro-enzyme. The pro-enzyme of homologous PAs are translocated through the Tat- (E. coli PA(EC)) and Sec- (A. faecalis PA(AF)) transport systems, respectively. Cell fractionation, electrophoresis, immunoblotting, and activity staining demonstrated that Ca(2+) binding is required for the membrane transport and maturation of the pro-enzyme to active enzyme. Pro-enzyme without Ca(2+) was targeted to the membrane but not translocated. Influence of Ca(2+) in medium and feed was studied for high cell density cultivations of E. coli expressing these enzymes. Without Ca(2+) in the feed the synthesis of the pre-pro-enzyme was hardly influenced. At optimal Ca(2+) content in the feed the active enzyme amount could be increased by 2 orders of magnitude up to 0.9 g/L (PA(EC)) and 2.3 g/L (PA(AF)) or 4% (PA(EC)) and 8% (PA(AF)) of the cell dry weight. The corresponding specific activities are 1700 U (PA(EC)) and 14000 U (PA(AF)) per gram cell dry weight, respectively. These values are higher than those published previously. Thus, for optimal yields of the studied and other extra- and periplasmic enzymes that require Ca(2+) or other ions as cofactors for membrane transport and maturation, sufficient cofactor must be added in the feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Kasche
- Biotechnologie I and II, Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg, Denickestrasse 15, 21071 Hamburg, Germany.
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15
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Cloning, purification and characterization of two lipases from Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). Enzyme Microb Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2008.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Koga Y, Yamane T, Nakano H. Creation of novel enantioselective lipases by SIMPLEX. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2007; 375:165-81. [PMID: 17634602 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-388-2_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The single-molecule PCR-linked in vitro expression (SIMPLEX) technology, which can directly link a single molecule of a gene to its encoding protein, has been used to engineer enantioselectivity of lipase from Burkhorderia cepacia KWI-56. A combinatorial mutation has been introduced only to four residues in the hydrophobic substrate-binding pocket of the enzyme based on a structural model of the substrate-enzyme complex. Such focused mutation library constructed by the SIMPLEX technology has been screened for an enantiomeric substrate. Some combinations of substitutions in the four positions of the lipase have been found as effective for changing the enantio-preference from the (S)-form of p-nitrophenyl-3-phenylbutyrate to the (R)-form. Here, we describe the detail procedure to construct such an exclusively in vitro protein library and a practical screening method based on enzymatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Koga
- Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Ali M, Suzuki H, Fukuba T, Jiang X, Nakano H, Yamane T. Improvements in the cell-free production of functional antibodies using cell extract from protease-deficient Escherichia coli mutant. J Biosci Bioeng 2005; 99:181-6. [PMID: 16233776 DOI: 10.1263/jbb.99.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2004] [Accepted: 11/22/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Expression of a functional antibody fragment (Fab) using an Escherichia coli cell-free expression system has been reported previously [Jiang et al., FEBS Lett., 514, 290-294 (2002)]. The low yield of the synthesized antibody, however, limits the usefulness of the cell-free expression system, partly due to the degradation of product by endogenous proteases from the E. coli extract. To determine which proteases are responsible for the degradation, we compared the expression of a 6D9 Fab fragment under conditions whereby several protease inhibitors were added into the cell-free system. The addition of serine protease inhibitor increased the amount of the Fab fragment, indicating that serine proteases caused the antibody degradation. Therefore, several serine protease-deficient mutants of E. coli BW25113 were constructed by targeted homologous recombination. The use of extract from a double protease-deficient mutant (DeltadegP-ompT) significantly increased the amount and antigen-binding activities of an anti-HSA scFv and a 6D9 Fab fragment. These results suggest that the DegP- and OmpT-deleted mutant is a useful source of S30 extract for the production or screening of antibodies using the cell-free expression system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhamad Ali
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Biological and Agricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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18
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Sharma R, Chisti Y, Banerjee UC. Production, purification, characterization, and applications of lipases. Biotechnol Adv 2004; 19:627-62. [PMID: 14550014 DOI: 10.1016/s0734-9750(01)00086-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 749] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Lipases (triacylglycerol acylhydrolases, EC 3.1.1.3) catalyze the hydrolysis and the synthesis of esters formed from glycerol and long-chain fatty acids. Lipases occur widely in nature, but only microbial lipases are commercially significant. The many applications of lipases include speciality organic syntheses, hydrolysis of fats and oils, modification of fats, flavor enhancement in food processing, resolution of racemic mixtures, and chemical analyses. This article discusses the production, recovery, and use of microbial lipases. Issues of enzyme kinetics, thermostability, and bioactivity are addressed. Production of recombinant lipases is detailed. Immobilized preparations of lipases are discussed. In view of the increasing understanding of lipases and their many applications in high-value syntheses and as bulk enzymes, these enzymes are having an increasing impact on bioprocessing.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sharma
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, India
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19
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Koga Y, Kato K, Nakano H, Yamane T. Inverting enantioselectivity of Burkholderia cepacia KWI-56 lipase by combinatorial mutation and high-throughput screening using single-molecule PCR and in vitro expression. J Mol Biol 2003; 331:585-92. [PMID: 12899830 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2836(03)00782-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The enantioselectivity of lipase from Burkhorderia cepacia KWI-56 has been inverted using a novel in vitro technique for construction and screening of a protein library by single-molecule DNA amplification by PCR followed by in vitro coupled transcription/translation system termed single-molecule-PCR-linked in vitro expression (SIMPLEX). Four amino acid residues (L17, F119, L167, and L266) in the hydrophobic substrate-binding pocket of the lipase were selected for mutation based on a structural model of a substrate-enzyme complex, and a combinatorial mutation library was constructed by SIMPLEX and screened for (R) and (S)-configurations of p-nitrophenyl 3-phenylbutyrate. Some combinations of amino acid substitutions in the four positions of the lipase were found as effective for changing the enantiopreference from the (S)-form substrate to the (R)-form. Two variants were expressed in the original host cells and purified to homogeneity, showing completely reversed enantioselectivity for the (R)-form of ethyl 3-phenylbutyrate (selectivity factor E(R)=38 or 33), whereas the wild-type lipase was (S)-selective (selectivity factor E(S)=33). Thus the semi-rational and semi-random combinatorial design of a mutant library followed by a high-throughput screening based on their enzymatic activity should be a powerful tool to engineer the enantioselectivity of enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Koga
- New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Sunshine 60 Bldg, 3-1-1 Higashi Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 170-6028, Japan
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20
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El Khattabi M, Van Gelder P, Bitter W, Tommassen J. Role of the calcium ion and the disulfide bond in the Burkholderia glumae lipase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1177(03)00047-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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21
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Han SJ, Back JH, Yoon MY, Shin PK, Cheong CS, Sung MH, Hong SP, Chung IY, Han YS. Expression and characterization of a novel enantioselective lipase from Acinetobacter species SY-01. Biochimie 2003; 85:501-10. [PMID: 12763309 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9084(03)00057-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A novel lipase gene, lipase A, of Acinetobacter species SY-01 (A. species SY-01) was cloned, sequenced, and expressed in Bacillus subtilis 168. The deduced amino acid (aa) sequences for the lipase A and its chaperone, lipase-specific chaperone, were found to encode mature proteins of 339 aa (37.2 kDa) and 347 aa (38.1 kDa), respectively. The aa sequence of lipase A and lipase-specific chaperone shared high homology 82 and 67% identity with the lipase A and the lipase B of A. species RAG-1. This new lipase was defined as a group I Proteobacterial lipase family. The expressed lipase A was purified through sequential treatment with Q-Sepharose, Resource Q, and Superdex-S75 columns. The maximal activity was observed at 50 degrees C for hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl monoesters and found to be stable at pH 9-11, with optimal activity at pH 10. Lipase A hydrolyzed wide range of fatty acid esters of p-nitrophenyl, but preferentially hydrolyzed short length acyl chains (C2 and C4). Moreover, lipase A from A. species SY-01 catalyzed hydrolysis of the two acetate isomers of cis-(+/-)-2-(bromomethyl)-2-(2,4-dichloro phenyl)-1,3-dioxolane-4-methyl acetate, an intermediate required for the synthesis of Itraconazole which was an anti-fungal drug, at different rate and yielded cis-(-)-isomer in 81.5% conversion with 91.9% enantiomeric excess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Jin Han
- Structural Biology Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 131, Cheongryang, Seoul, South Korea.
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22
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Isolation and characterization of an extracellular lipase from Mucor sp strain isolated from palm fruit. Enzyme Microb Technol 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(02)00190-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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23
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Nakano H, Okumura R, Goto C, Yamane T. In vitro combinatorial mutagenesis of the 65th and 222nd positions of the green fluorescent protein ofAequarea victoria. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2002. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02932841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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24
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Koga Y, Kobayashi K, Yang J, Nakano H, Yamane T. In vitro construction and screening of a Burkholderia cepacia lipase library using single-molecule PCR and cell-free protein synthesis. J Biosci Bioeng 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1389-1723(02)80122-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Yang J, Koga Y, Nakano H, Yamane T. Modifying the chain-length selectivity of the lipase from Burkholderia cepacia KWI-56 through in vitro combinatorial mutagenesis in the substrate-binding site. Protein Eng Des Sel 2002; 15:147-52. [PMID: 11917151 DOI: 10.1093/protein/15.2.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mature lipase of Burkholderia cepacia KWI-56 was synthesized in an enzymatically active form using an in vitro Escherichia coli S30 coupled transcription/translation system by expressing the mature lipase gene (rlip) in the presence of its specific activator. To investigate the substrate specificity of the lipase comprehensively, a large number of mutant lipases were constructed and analyzed in a high throughput manner by combining overlapping PCR and in vitro protein synthesis. In this paper, Phe119 and Leu167, which are located in the acyl portion of the substrate-binding pocket of the lipase of B.cepacia KWI-56, were substituted with six hydrophobic amino acid residues by the in vitro combinatorial mutagenesis. The wild-type and 35 mutant genes amplified by PCR were directly used as templates for the in vitro transcription/translation. The acyl chain-length selectivity of the in vitro expressed lipases against p-nitrophenyl butyrate, p-nitrophenyl caprylate and p-nitrophenyl palmitate, was compared by their relative hydrolysis rates. Two mutant lipases, L167V and F119A/L167M, which showed a significant shift in substrate selectivity were further expressed in vivo and refolded in vitro. It was found that L167V raised its preference for the short-chain ester, whereas F119A/L167M improved its selectivity for the long-chain ester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Biological and Agricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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26
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Kim EK, Jang WH, Ko JH, Kang JS, Noh MJ, Yoo OJ. Lipase and its modulator from Pseudomonas sp. strain KFCC 10818: proline-to-glutamine substitution at position 112 induces formation of enzymatically active lipase in the absence of the modulator. J Bacteriol 2001; 183:5937-41. [PMID: 11566993 PMCID: PMC99672 DOI: 10.1128/jb.183.20.5937-5941.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A lipase gene, lipK, and a lipase modulator gene, limK, of Pseudomonas sp. strain KFCC 10818 have been cloned, sequenced, and expressed in Escherichia coli. The limK gene is located immediately downstream of the lipK gene. Enzymatically active lipase was produced only in the presence of the limK gene. The effect of the lipase modulator LimK on the expression of active lipase was similar to those of the Pseudomonas subfamily I.1 and I.2 lipase-specific foldases (Lifs). The deduced amino acid sequence of LimK shares low homology (17 to 19%) with the known Pseudomonas Lifs, suggesting that Pseudomonas sp. strain KFCC 10818 is only distantly related to the subfamily I.1 and I.2 Pseudomonas species. Surprisingly, a lipase variant that does not require LimK for its correct folding was isolated in the study to investigate the functional interaction between LipK and LimK. When expressed in the absence of LimK, the P112Q variant of LipK formed an active enzyme and displayed 63% of the activity of wild-type LipK expressed in the presence of LimK. These results suggest that the Pro(112) residue of LipK is involved in a key step of lipase folding. We expect that the novel finding of this study may contribute to future research on efficient expression or refolding of industrially important lipases and on the mechanism of lipase folding.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Taejon 305-701, Korea
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Abstract
Previous studies have indicated that pulmonary infection with Burkholderia cepacia is associated with poor clinical outcome after lung transplantation in cystic fibrosis (CF). Many treatment centers consider B. cepacia infection an absolute contraindication to lung transplantation. However, the B. cepacia complex actually consists of several closely related bacterial species. Although each of these has been isolated from CF sputum culture, certain species are much more frequently recovered than others, and it is not yet clear whether all species have the same potential for virulence in CF. Additional study is needed to better define the relative risks associated with each species of the B. cepacia complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J LiPuma
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0646, USA.
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28
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Dosage effect of minor arginyl- and isoleucyl-tRNAs on protein synthesis in an Escherichia coli in vitro coupled transcription/translation system. J Biosci Bioeng 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1389-1723(01)80111-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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29
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Liebeton K, Zacharias A, Jaeger KE. Disulfide bond in Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipase stabilizes the structure but is not required for interaction with its foldase. J Bacteriol 2001; 183:597-603. [PMID: 11133953 PMCID: PMC94915 DOI: 10.1128/jb.183.2.597-603.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa secretes a 29-kDa lipase which is dependent for folding on the presence of the lipase-specific foldase Lif. The lipase contains two cysteine residues which form an intramolecular disulfide bond. Variant lipases with either one or both cysteines replaced by serines showed severely reduced levels of extracellular lipase activity, indicating the importance of the disulfide bond for secretion of lipase through the outer membrane. Wild-type and variant lipase genes fused to the signal sequence of pectate lyase from Erwinia carotovora were expressed in Escherichia coli, denatured by treatment with urea, and subsequently refolded in vitro. Enzymatically active lipase was obtained irrespective of the presence or absence of the disulfide bond, suggesting that the disulfide bond is required neither for correct folding nor for the interaction with the lipase-specific foldase. However, cysteine-to-serine variants were more readily denatured by treatment at elevated temperatures and more susceptible to proteolytic degradation by cell lysates of P. aeruginosa. These results indicate a stabilizing function of the disulfide bond for the active conformation of lipase. This conclusion was supported by the finding that the disulfide bond function could partly be substituted by a salt bridge constructed by changing the two cysteine residues to arginine and aspartate, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Liebeton
- Lehrstuhl für Biologie der Mikroorganismen, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- A Svendsen
- Enzyme Design, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Alle, 2880, Bagsvaerd, Denmark.
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32
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Single-step single-molecule PCR of DNA with a homo-priming sequence using a single primer and hot-startable DNA polymerase. J Biosci Bioeng 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1389-1723(01)80019-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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33
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Iwasaki Y, Nishiyama T, Kawarasaki Y, Nakano H, Yamane T. Importance of disulfide bridge formation on folding of phospholipase D from Streptomyces antibioticus. J Biosci Bioeng 2000; 89:506-8. [PMID: 16232788 DOI: 10.1016/s1389-1723(00)89107-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2000] [Accepted: 02/21/2000] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The effects of redox conditions on the folding of phospholipase D (PLD) of Streptomyces antibioticus were investigated. Although the enzyme was very stable even in the presence of 1.0 M guanidinehydrochloride (Gdn-HCl), the coexistence of dithiothreitol (DTT) and Gdn-HCl inactivated the enzyme completely. The inactivated enzyme recovered its activity by dialysis in which DTT was removed prior to Gdn-HCl, whereas its activity was not recovered when Gdn-HCl was removed prior to DTT. In vitro protein synthesis was used for further analyses of the folding process. Active PLD was synthesized in the absence of DTT. The activity increased as the protein synthesis proceeded. In contrast, inactive PLD was synthesized in the presence of DTT. The inactive PLD could not be effectively activated by simple removal of the reductant, while incubation with Gdn-HCl and subsequent removal of DTT followed by that of Gdn-HCl was a much more effective method for the synthesis of active enzymes. From these results, it is suggested that: (i) PLD contains disulfide bridge(s), which is (are) necessary for maintaining its tertiary structure, (ii) correct formation of the disulfide bridge(s) is a critical step in the early stage of the (re)folding process, and (iii) the disulfide bridge(s) further facilitate the folding process, resulting in the synthesis of the active enzymes with the correct structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Iwasaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biological Mechanisms and Functions, Graduate School of Bio- and Agro-Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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