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Gulla S, Colquhoun DJ, Olsen AB, Spilsberg B, Lagesen K, Åkesson CP, Strøm S, Manji F, Birkbeck TH, Nilsen HK. Phylogeography and host specificity of Pasteurellaceae pathogenic to sea-farmed fish in the north-east Atlantic. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1236290. [PMID: 37808299 PMCID: PMC10556747 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1236290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to address the recent spate of pasteurellosis outbreaks among sea-farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in Norway and Scotland, coinciding with sporadic disease episodes in lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) used for delousing purposes in salmon farms. Genome assemblies from 86 bacterial isolates cultured from diseased salmon or lumpfish confirmed them all as bona fide members of the Pasteurellaceae family, with phylogenetic reconstruction dividing them into two distinct branches sharing <88% average nucleotide identity. These branches therefore constitute two separate species, namely Pasteurella skyensis and the as-yet invalidly named "Pasteurella atlantica". Both species further stratify into multiple discrete genomovars (gv.) and/or lineages, each being nearly or fully exclusive to a particular host, geographic region, and/or time period. Pasteurellosis in lumpfish is, irrespective of spatiotemporal origin, linked almost exclusively to the highly conserved "P. atlantica gv. cyclopteri" (Pac). In contrast, pasteurellosis in Norwegian sea-farmed salmon, dominated since the late-1980s by "P. atlantica gv. salmonicida" (Pas), first saw three specific lineages (Pas-1, -2, and -3) causing separate, geographically restricted, and short-lived outbreaks, before a fourth (Pas-4) emerged recently and became more widely disseminated. A similar situation involving P. skyensis (Ps) has apparently been unfolding in Scottish salmon farming since the mid-1990s, where two historic (Ps-1 and -2) and one contemporary (Ps-3) lineages have been recorded. While the epidemiology underlying all these outbreaks/epizootics remains unclear, repeated detection of 16S rRNA gene amplicons very closely related to P. skyensis and "P. atlantica" from at least five cetacean species worldwide raises the question as to whether marine mammals may play a part, possibly as reservoirs. In fact, the close relationship between the studied isolates and Phocoenobacter uteri associated with harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena), and their relatively distant relationship with other members of the genus Pasteurella, suggests that both P. skyensis and "P. atlantica" should be moved to the genus Phocoenobacter.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Duncan J. Colquhoun
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Ås, Norway
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | | | | | - Sverri Strøm
- FoMAS – Fiskehelse og Miljø AS, Karmsund, Norway
| | | | - Thomas H. Birkbeck
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Baseggio L, Silayeva O, Buller N, Landos M, Englestädter J, Barnes AC. Complete, closed and curated genome sequences of Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida isolates from Australia indicate mobilome-driven localized evolution and novel pathogenicity determinants. Microb Genom 2021; 7:000562. [PMID: 33885359 PMCID: PMC8208687 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the recent advances in sequencing technologies, the complete assembly of multi-chromosome genomes of the Vibrionaceae, often containing several plasmids, remains challenging. Using a combination of Oxford Nanopore MinION long reads and short Illumina reads, we fully sequenced, closed and curated the genomes of two strains of a primary aquatic pathogen Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida isolated in Australia. These are also the first genome sequences of P. damselae subsp. piscicida isolated in Oceania and, to our knowledge, in the Southern hemisphere. We also investigated the phylogenetic relationships between Australian and overseas isolates, revealing that Australian P. damselae subsp. piscicida are more closely related to the Asian and American strains rather than to the European ones. We investigated the mobilome and present new evidence showing that a host specialization process and progressive adaptive evolution to fish are ongoing in P. damselae subsp. piscicida, and are largely mediated by transposable elements, predominantly in chromosome 2, and by plasmids. Finally, we identified two novel potential virulence determinants in P. damselae subsp. piscicida - a chorismate mutase gene, which is ubiquitously retained and co-localized with the AIP56 apoptogenic toxin-encoding gene on the pPHDP10 plasmid, and transfer-messenger RNA gene ssrA located on the main chromosome, homologous to a critical-to-virulence determinant in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Our study describes, to our knowledge, the only fully closed and manually curated genomes of P. damselae subsp. piscicida available to date, offering new insights into this important fish pathogen and its evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Baseggio
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Oleksandra Silayeva
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Nicky Buller
- Diagnostic and Laboratory Services (DDLS), Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development (DPIRD), 3 Baron-Hay Court, South Perth, Western Australia 6151, Australia
| | - Matt Landos
- Future Fisheries Veterinary Services, East Ballina, New South Wales 2478, Australia
| | - Jan Englestädter
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Andrew C. Barnes
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- *Correspondence: Andrew C. Barnes,
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Lisboa J, Pereira C, Rifflet A, Ayala J, Terceti MS, Barca AV, Rodrigues I, Pereira PJB, Osorio CR, García-Del Portillo F, Gomperts Boneca I, do Vale A, Dos Santos NMS. A Secreted NlpC/P60 Endopeptidase from Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida Cleaves the Peptidoglycan of Potentially Competing Bacteria. mSphere 2021; 6:e00736-20. [PMID: 33536321 PMCID: PMC7860986 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00736-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptidoglycan (PG) is a major component of the bacterial cell wall, forming a mesh-like structure enwrapping the bacteria that is essential for maintaining structural integrity and providing support for anchoring other components of the cell envelope. PG biogenesis is highly dynamic and requires multiple enzymes, including several hydrolases that cleave glycosidic or amide bonds in the PG. This work describes the structural and functional characterization of an NlpC/P60-containing peptidase from Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (Phdp), a Gram-negative bacterium that causes high mortality of warm-water marine fish with great impact for the aquaculture industry. PnpA ( PhotobacteriumNlpC-like protein A) has a four-domain structure with a hydrophobic and narrow access to the catalytic center and specificity for the γ-d-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid bond. However, PnpA does not cleave the PG of Phdp or PG of several Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial species. Interestingly, it is secreted by the Phdp type II secretion system and degrades the PG of Vibrio anguillarum and Vibrio vulnificus This suggests that PnpA is used by Phdp to gain an advantage over bacteria that compete for the same resources or to obtain nutrients in nutrient-scarce environments. Comparison of the muropeptide composition of PG susceptible and resistant to the catalytic activity of PnpA showed that the global content of muropeptides is similar, suggesting that susceptibility to PnpA is determined by the three-dimensional organization of the muropeptides in the PG.IMPORTANCE Peptidoglycan (PG) is a major component of the bacterial cell wall formed by long chains of two alternating sugars interconnected by short peptides, generating a mesh-like structure that enwraps the bacterial cell. Although PG provides structural integrity and support for anchoring other components of the cell envelope, it is constantly being remodeled through the action of specific enzymes that cleave or join its components. Here, it is shown that Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida, a bacterium that causes high mortality in warm-water marine fish, produces PnpA, an enzyme that is secreted into the environment and is able to cleave the PG of potentially competing bacteria, either to gain a competitive advantage and/or to obtain nutrients. The specificity of PnpA for the PG of some bacteria and its inability to cleave others may be explained by differences in the structure of the PG mesh and not by different muropeptide composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Lisboa
- Fish Immunology and Vaccinology Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Fish Immunology and Vaccinology Group, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cassilda Pereira
- Fish Immunology and Vaccinology Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Fish Immunology and Vaccinology Group, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Aline Rifflet
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Biologie et Génétique de la Paroi Bactérienne, Paris, France
- INSERM Groupe Avenir, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR "Integrated and Molecular Microbiology," Paris, France
| | - Juan Ayala
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mateus S Terceti
- Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alba V Barca
- Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Inês Rodrigues
- Fish Immunology and Vaccinology Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Fish Immunology and Vaccinology Group, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro José Barbosa Pereira
- Biomolecular Structure Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Macromolecular Structure Group, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos R Osorio
- Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Francisco García-Del Portillo
- Laboratorio de Patógenos Bacterianos Intracelulares, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ivo Gomperts Boneca
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Biologie et Génétique de la Paroi Bactérienne, Paris, France
- INSERM Groupe Avenir, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR "Integrated and Molecular Microbiology," Paris, France
| | - Ana do Vale
- Fish Immunology and Vaccinology Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Fish Immunology and Vaccinology Group, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno M S Dos Santos
- Fish Immunology and Vaccinology Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Fish Immunology and Vaccinology Group, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Miccoli A, Saraceni PR, Scapigliati G. Vaccines and immune protection of principal Mediterranean marine fish species. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 94:800-809. [PMID: 31580938 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This review describes and summarizes the knowledge on established and experimental vaccines developed against viral and bacterial pathologies affecting the most important farmed marine finfish species present in the Mediterranean area, namely European seabass Dicentrarchus labrax, sea bream Sparus aurata, turbot Psetta maxima and meagre Argyrosomus regius. The diseases that have been recorded in seabass, sea bream and meagre are caused by bacteria Vibrio anguillarum, Photobacterium damselae, Tenacibaculum maritimum as well as by viruses such as Viral Encephalopathy and Retinopathy/Viral Nervous Necrosis and Lymphocystic disease. The main pathologies of turbot are instead bacteriosis provoked by Tenacibaculum maritimum, Aeromonas sp. and Vibrio anguillarum, and virosis by viral hemorrhagic septicaemia virus. Some vaccines have been optimized and are now regularly available for the majority of the above-mentioned pathogens. A measurable immune protection has been conferred principally against Vibrio anguillarum, Photobacterium damselae sub. piscicida and VER/VNN.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Miccoli
- Department for Innovative Biology, Agro-industry and Forestry, University of Tuscia. Largo Dell'Università, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - P R Saraceni
- Department for Innovative Biology, Agro-industry and Forestry, University of Tuscia. Largo Dell'Università, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - G Scapigliati
- Department for Innovative Biology, Agro-industry and Forestry, University of Tuscia. Largo Dell'Università, 01100, Viterbo, Italy.
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Ina-Salwany MY, Al-Saari N, Mohamad A, Mursidi FA, Mohd-Aris A, Amal MNA, Kasai H, Mino S, Sawabe T, Zamri-Saad M. Vibriosis in Fish: A Review on Disease Development and Prevention. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2019; 31:3-22. [PMID: 30246889 DOI: 10.1002/aah.10045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Current growth in aquaculture production is parallel with the increasing number of disease outbreaks, which negatively affect the production, profitability, and sustainability of the global aquaculture industry. Vibriosis is among the most common diseases leading to massive mortality of cultured shrimp, fish, and shellfish in Asia. High incidence of vibriosis can occur in hatchery and grow-out facilities, but juveniles are more susceptible to the disease. Various factors, particularly the source of fish, environmental factors (including water quality and farm management), and the virulence factors of Vibrio, influence the occurrence of the disease. Affected fish show weariness, with necrosis of skin and appendages, leading to body malformation, slow growth, internal organ liquefaction, blindness, muscle opacity, and mortality. A combination of control measures, particularly a disease-free source of fish, biosecurity of the farm, improved water quality, and other preventive measures (e.g., vaccination) might be able to control the infection. Although some control measures are expensive and less practical, vaccination is effective, relatively cheap, and easily implemented. In this review, the latest knowledge on the pathogenesis and control of vibriosis, including vaccination, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Y Ina-Salwany
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurhidayu Al-Saari
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- International Institute for Halal Research and Training, International Islamic University Malaysia, KICT Building, Level 3, 53100, Gombak, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Aslah Mohamad
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fathin-Amirah Mursidi
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Aslizah Mohd-Aris
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biology, School of Biology, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Kampus Kuala Pilah, 72000, Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - M N A Amal
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hisae Kasai
- Laboratory of Fish Pathology, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate, 041-8611, Japan
| | - Sayaka Mino
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate, 041-8611, Japan
| | - Tomoo Sawabe
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate, 041-8611, Japan
| | - M Zamri-Saad
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Tetrodecamycin: An unusual and interesting tetronate antibiotic. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:6269-6275. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Reid HI, Birkbeck TH. Characterization of two groups of Pasteurella skyensis isolates from Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., based on serotype and 16S rRNA and rpoB gene partial sequences. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2015; 38:405-408. [PMID: 24661069 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H I Reid
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Kato G, Yamashita K, Kondo H, Hirono I. Protective efficacy and immune responses induced by a DNA vaccine encoding codon-optimized PPA1 against Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida in Japanese flounder. Vaccine 2015; 33:1040-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Structure and Biosynthetic Assembly of Piscibactin, a Siderophore fromPhotobacterium damselaesubsp.piscicida, Predicted from Genome Analysis. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Simultaneous detection of multiple fish pathogens using a naked-eye readable DNA microarray. SENSORS 2012; 12:2710-28. [PMID: 22736973 PMCID: PMC3376613 DOI: 10.3390/s120302710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We coupled 16S rDNA PCR and DNA hybridization technology to construct a microarray for simultaneous detection and discrimination of eight fish pathogens (Aeromonas hydrophila, Edwardsiella tarda, Flavobacterium columnare, Lactococcus garvieae, Photobacterium damselae, Pseudomonas anguilliseptica, Streptococcus iniae and Vibrio anguillarum) commonly encountered in aquaculture. The array comprised short oligonucleotide probes (30 mer) complementary to the polymorphic regions of 16S rRNA genes for the target pathogens. Targets annealed to the microarray probes were reacted with streptavidin-conjugated alkaline phosphatase and nitro blue tetrazolium/5-bromo-4-chloro-3′-indolylphosphate, p-toluidine salt (NBT/BCIP), resulting in blue spots that are easily visualized by the naked eye. Testing was performed against a total of 168 bacterial strains, i.e., 26 representative collection strains, 81 isolates of target fish pathogens, and 61 ecologically or phylogenetically related strains. The results showed that each probe consistently identified its corresponding target strain with 100% specificity. The detection limit of the microarray was estimated to be in the range of 1 pg for genomic DNA and 103 CFU/mL for pure pathogen cultures. These high specificity and sensitivity results demonstrate the feasibility of using DNA microarrays in the diagnostic detection of fish pathogens.
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Silva MT, Dos Santos NMS, do Vale A. AIP56: a novel bacterial apoptogenic toxin. Toxins (Basel) 2010; 2:905-18. [PMID: 22069616 PMCID: PMC3153201 DOI: 10.3390/toxins2040905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2010] [Revised: 04/16/2010] [Accepted: 04/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (Phdp) is a Gram-negative pathogen agent of an important fish septicemia. The key virulence factor of Phdp is the plasmid-encoded exotoxin AIP56, which is secreted by exponentially growing pathogenic strains. AIP56 has 520 amino acids including an N-terminal cleavable signal peptide of 23 amino acid residues, two cysteine residues and a zinc-binding region signature HEXXH that is typical of most zinc metallopeptidases. AIP56 induces in vitro and in vivo selective apoptosis of fish macrophages and neutrophils through a caspase-3 dependent mechanism that also involves caspase-8 and -9. In vivo, the AIP56-induced phagocyte apoptosis progresses to secondary necrosis with release of cytotoxic phagocyte molecules including neutrophil elastase. Fish injected with recombinant AIP56 die with a pathology similar to that seen in the natural infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel T Silva
- IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823. 4150-180 Porto, Portugal.
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Takahashi H, Miya S, Kimura B, Yamane K, Arakawa Y, Fujii T. Difference of genotypic and phenotypic characteristics and pathogenicity potential of Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae between clinical and environmental isolates from Japan. Microb Pathog 2008; 45:150-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2008.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2008] [Revised: 04/17/2008] [Accepted: 04/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Osorio CR, Juiz-Río S, Lemos ML. A siderophore biosynthesis gene cluster from the fish pathogen Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida is structurally and functionally related to the Yersinia high-pathogenicity island. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2007; 152:3327-3341. [PMID: 17074903 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.29190-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida, the causative agent of fish pasteurellosis, produces a siderophore which is distinct from that produced by P. damselae subsp. damselae. Using suppression subtractive hybridization, a subsp. piscicida-specific DNA region of 35 kb was identified in strain DI21, and 11 genes were defined: dahP, araC1, araC2, frpA, irp8, irp2, irp1, irp3, irp4, irp9 and irp5. The sequence of the predicted proteins encoded by these genes showed significant similarity with the proteins responsible for the synthesis and transport of the siderophore yersiniabactin, encoded within the Yersinia high-pathogenicity island (HPI). Southern hybridization demonstrated that this gene cluster is exclusive to some European subsp. piscicida isolates. Database searches revealed that a similar gene cluster is present in Photobacterium profundum SS9 and Vibrio cholerae RC385. An irp1 gene (encoding a putative non-ribosomal peptide synthetase) insertional mutant (CS31) was impaired for growth under iron-limiting conditions and unable to produce siderophores, and showed an approximately 100-fold decrease in degree of virulence for fish. The subsp. piscicida DI21 strain, but not CS31, promoted the growth of a Yersinia enterocolitica irp1 mutant. Furthermore, a yersiniabactin-producing Y. enterocolitica strain as well as purified yersiniabactin were able to cross-feed strains DI21 and CS31, suggesting that the subsp. piscicida siderophore might be functionally and structurally related to yersiniabactin. The differential occurrence among P. damselae strains, and the low sequence similarity to siderophore synthesis genes described in other members of the Vibrionaceae, suggest that this genetic system might have been acquired by horizontal transfer in P. damselae subsp. piscicida, and might have a common evolutionary origin with the Yersinia HPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos R Osorio
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Aquaculture and Faculty of Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Galicia, Spain
| | - Sandra Juiz-Río
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Aquaculture and Faculty of Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Galicia, Spain
| | - Manuel L Lemos
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Aquaculture and Faculty of Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Galicia, Spain
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do Vale A, Silva MT, dos Santos NMS, Nascimento DS, Reis-Rodrigues P, Costa-Ramos C, Ellis AE, Azevedo JE. AIP56, a novel plasmid-encoded virulence factor ofPhotobacterium damselaesubsp.piscicidawith apoptogenic activity against sea bass macrophages and neutrophils. Mol Microbiol 2005; 58:1025-38. [PMID: 16262788 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.04893.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A strategy used by extracellular pathogens to evade phagocytosis is the utilization of exotoxins that kill host phagocytes. We have recently shown that one major pathogenicity strategy of Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (Phdp), the agent of the widespread fish pasteurellosis, is the induction of extensive apoptosis of sea bass macrophages and neutrophils that results in lysis of these phagocytes by post-apoptotic secondary necrosis. Here we show that this unique process is mediated by a novel plasmid-encoded apoptosis inducing protein of 56 kDa (AIP56), an exotoxin abundantly secreted by all virulent, but not avirulent, Phdp strains tested. AIP56 is related to an unknown protein of the enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 and NleC, a Citrobacter rodentium type III secreted effector of unknown function. Passive immunization of sea bass with a rabbit anti-AIP56 serum conferred protection against Phdp challenge, indicating that AIP56 represents a key virulence factor of that pathogen and is a candidate for the design of an anti-pasteurellosis vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana do Vale
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823; 4150-180 Porto, Portugal.
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Juíz-Río S, Osorio CR, de Lorenzo V, Lemos ML. Subtractive hybridization reveals a high genetic diversity in the fish pathogen Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida: evidence of a SXT-like element. Microbiology (Reading) 2005; 151:2659-2669. [PMID: 16079344 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.27891-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida is the causative agent of fish pasteurellosis, a severe disease affecting cultured marine fish worldwide. In this study, suppression subtractive hybridization was used to identify DNA fragments present in the virulent strain PC554.2, but absent in the avirulent strain EPOY 8803-II. Twenty-one genomic regions of this type (that included twenty-six distinct putative ORFs) were analysed by DNA sequencing. Twenty ORFs encoded proteins with homology to proteins in other bacteria, including four homologues involved in siderophore biosynthesis, and four homologues related to mobile elements; three of these were putative transposases and one was a putative conjugative transposon related to the Vibrio cholerae SXT element. This sequence was shown to be integrated into a prfC gene homologue. Six ORFs showed no significant homology to known bacterial proteins. Among the 21 DNA fragments specific to strain PC554.2, 5 DNA fragments (representing 7 ORFs) were also absent in the avirulent strain ATCC 29690. The analysis of these differential regions, as well as the screening of their presence in a collection of strains, demonstrated the high genetic heterogeneity of this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Juíz-Río
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carlos R Osorio
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Víctor de Lorenzo
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel L Lemos
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Nitzan S, Shwartsburd B, Heller ED. The effect of growth medium salinity of Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida on the immune response of hybrid bass (Morone saxatilis x M. chrysops). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 16:107-116. [PMID: 15123315 DOI: 10.1016/s1050-4648(03)00045-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2002] [Revised: 03/10/2003] [Accepted: 04/07/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (P. damselae) was grown on various media and the effect of media salinity on certain immune responses of hybrid bass was studied. In Israel, pasteurellosis outbreaks have not been reported at water salinities below 1.38 per thousand. During vaccination experiments the salinity of the medium on which P. damselae is grown, was shown to affect stimulation of the immune system. No correlation was found between antibody response and protection. Bacterial envelopes separated by electrophoresis and subjected to western blot analysis revealed an antibody response against some protein bands. Band sequencing was performed to identify the protein stimulating the immune response. Sequence identity of 80% was seen in 10-amino-acid overlap of the 36-kDa band with a specific gene of alkalophilic Bacillus firmus. A preparation of P. damselae grown in a 2.5% NaCl medium at 25 degrees C is the most effective vaccine against pasteurellosis, providing hybrid bass with quite good protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nitzan
- Central Fish Health Laboratory, Department of Fisheries and Agriculture and Rural Development, Nir-David 19150, Israel.
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Rajan PR, Lin JHY, Ho MS, Yang HL. Simple and rapid detection of Photobacterium damselae ssp. piscicida by a PCR technique and plating method. J Appl Microbiol 2003; 95:1375-80. [PMID: 14633013 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.02119.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To detect Photobacterium damselae ssp. piscicida using the PCR technique and plating method. METHODS AND RESULTS Two strains of P. damselae ssp. piscicida were isolated from cultured cobia (Rachycentron canadum) at two different fish farms in Taiwan. A pair of primers was designed to detect the capsular polysaccharide gene of P. damselae ssp. piscicida by PCR. Reference strains of different genus and different clinical strains were used for this study. The expected product (410 bp) was obtained from both P. damselae ssp. piscicida and P. damselae ssp. damselae, and they were differentiated by culturing on thiosulphate citrate bile salts-sucrose agar (TCBS-1). Photobacterium damselae ssp. damselae grew on TCBS-1 producing green colonies whereas P. damselae ssp. piscicida did not grow. CONCLUSIONS The methods used are cost and labour effective when compared with the other methods and commercially available kits. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This work provides an integrated set of methods to identify the species P. damselae and to differentiate P. damselae ssp. piscicida from P. damselae ssp. damselae.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Rajan
- Institute of BioAgricultural Sciences, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan
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Foyle L, Turnbull T, Ellis A, Barnes A, Adams A, Ferguson HW. Pasteurellosis in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.: immunohistochemistry of the naturally-occurring disease. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2003; 26:373-376. [PMID: 12899413 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2761.2003.00465.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L Foyle
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Scotland
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Osorio CR, Collins MD, Toranzo AE, Barja JL, Romalde JL. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of Photobacterium damselae and nested PCR method for rapid detection of the causative agent of fish pasteurellosis. Appl Environ Microbiol 1999; 65:2942-6. [PMID: 10388687 PMCID: PMC91440 DOI: 10.1128/aem.65.7.2942-2946.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/1999] [Accepted: 04/15/1999] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The causative agent of fish pasteurellosis, the organism formerly known as Pasteurella piscicida, has been reclassified as Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons and chromosomal DNA-DNA hybridization data; thus, this organism belongs to the same species as Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae (formerly Vibrio damselae). Since reassignment of P. damselae subsp. piscicida was based on only two strains, one objective of the present work was to confirm the taxonomic position of this fish pathogen by sequencing the 16S rRNA genes of 26 strains having different geographic and host origins. In addition, a nested PCR protocol for detection of P. damselae based on 16S rRNA was developed. This PCR protocol was validated by testing 35 target and 24 nontarget pure cultures, and the detection limits obtained ranged from 1 pg to 10 fg of DNA (200 to 20 cells). A similar level of sensitivity was observed when the PCR protocol was applied to fish tissues spiked with bacteria. The PCR approach described in this paper allows detection of the pathogen in mixed plate cultures obtained from asymptomatic fish suspected to be carriers of P. damselae subsp. piscicida, in which growth of this bacterium cannot be visualized. Our results indicate that the selective primers which we designed represent a powerful tool for sensitive and specific detection of fish pasteurellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Osorio
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología and Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Magariños B, Romalde JL, Barja JL, Toranzo AE. Evidence of a dormant but infective state of the fish pathogen Pasteurella piscicida in seawater and sediment. Appl Environ Microbiol 1994; 60:180-6. [PMID: 8117076 PMCID: PMC201287 DOI: 10.1128/aem.60.1.180-186.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The stability of Pasteurella piscicida strains in seawater and sediment microcosms at different temperatures (6 and 20 degrees C) was investigated during a 1-month period. Three strains of P. piscicida showed similar survival kinetics. By a standard plate count method they survived in water and sediment for only 6 to 12 days, depending on the strain and type of microcosm. During this starvation period, the metabolic activity of the cells was reduced by more than 80%. Culturable cells of each P. piscicida strain persisted better in sediment than in water, as well as at 20 degrees C compared to 6 degrees C. However, in all the microcosms, the acridine orange direct counts remained at about 10(5) cells per ml during the experimental period, which demonstrated that P. piscicida possesses a capacity to enter a viable but not culturable state. Moreover, dormant cells were always resuscitated by the addition of fresh medium to the microcosms, since we recovered numbers of culturable cells similar to the acridine orange direct counts. These resuscitated cells exhibited the same respiration rate as that seen prior to the start of the experiments. Although the biochemical, physiological, and serological characteristics; lipopolysaccharides; membrane proteins; and plasmid content of P. piscicida strains were unaffected during the starvation conditions, the dormant cells were smaller (dwarf cells) and had increased surface hydrophobicity. The starved cells maintained their infectivity and pathogenic potential for fish, with 50% lethal doses similar to those of the original strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Magariños
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Phenotypic, antigenic, and molecular characterization of Pasteurella piscicida strains isolated from fish. Appl Environ Microbiol 1992; 58:3316-22. [PMID: 1444366 PMCID: PMC183097 DOI: 10.1128/aem.58.10.3316-3322.1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We compared Pasteurella piscicida strains isolated from different fish species in several European countries with strains isolated in Japan and the United States. The taxonomic analysis revealed that, regardless of the geographic origin and source of isolation, all the strains exhibited the same biochemical and physiological characteristics. Serological assays with different rabbit antisera demonstrated a high level of antigenic similarity among strains, with cross-agglutination titers of 20,480 to 40,960. This serological homogeneity was supported by the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and membrane protein profiles. All the P. piscicida strains had the same electrophoretic LPS pattern, showing O side chains with a ladder-like structure, and shared at least four major outer membrane proteins, of 20, 30, 42, and 53 kDa. Western blot (immunoblot) analysis with LPS and protein indicated that all the P. piscicida strains are immunologically related. In addition, the chromosomal DNA fingerprint patterns obtained for the European strains with the enzymes EcoRI and BamHI were practically identical to those of the Japanese and U.S. strains. Although some differences were found in the plasmid profiles of P. piscicida, a large number of strains possessed in common plasmid bands of 20 and 7 MDa. In addition, a plasmid of 50 MDa was present in the majority of the European strains. Restriction endonuclease analysis demonstrated the genetic homology of the plasmid bands shared by most of the European strains. All the P. piscicida strains had the same drug resistance patterns, indicating that a correlation between plasmid carriage and resistance to a specific antimicrobial agent cannot be established. The high levels of phenotypic, serological, and genetic homogeneity found among the P. piscicida strains should facilitate the development of DNA probes with diagnostic purposes as well as the design of effective vaccines.
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Mannheim W, Pohl S, HollÄnder UR. Zur Systematik von Actinobacillus, Haemophilus und Pasteurella: Basenzusammensetzung der DNS, Atmungschinone und kulturellbiochemische Eigenschaften repräsentativer Sammlungsstämme. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/s0172-5599(80)80086-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Koike Y, Kuwahara A, Fujiwara H. Characterization of "Pasteurella" piscicida isolated from white perch and cultivated yellowtail. JAPANESE JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 1975; 19:241-7. [PMID: 172679 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1975.tb00877.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics of twelve "Pasteurella" piscicida strains isolated from white perch and yellowtail are described and the present uncertain taxonomic status of the organisms is discussed. The organisms isolated were gram-negative rods showing bipolar staining and pleomorphism. No spores or flagella were observed. They were non motile and viscid colonies were formed. Growth was observed in a temperature range of 20 to 30 C and the salinity range of growth was between 0.5% and 4.0%. They were aerobic and facultative anaerobic. Oxidase and catalase were produced. Nitrates were not reduced to nitrites. Lysine and ornithine decarboxylases were not produced but arginine dihydrolase was produced. The egg yolk reaction was positive. Tween 80 and tributyrin were decomposed. Phosphatase was produced. Beta hemolysis was revealed on a medium containing defibrinated blood from chickens or carp but not from mammals. Methyl red and Voges-Proskauer tests were positive, and acetoin was produced from 2,3-butanediol. Glucose was fermented without gas production. Acid was produced from fructose, mannose, galactose, sucrose, maltose, dextrin and glycerol. These organisms differed from all other members of the genus Pasteurella with respect to nitrate reduction, arginine dihydrolase, Voges-Proskauer and methyl red tests. The formation of viscid colonies and inability to grow in a medium without sodium chloride or at 37 C were additional characteristics of these organisms.
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Colwell RR. Genetic and phenetic classification of bacteria. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 1973; 16:137-75. [PMID: 4584677 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2164(08)70026-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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