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Lopez AE, Mayoral J, Cianciotto NP. Complete Genome Sequence of Legionella cardiaca Strain H63 T, Isolated from a Case of Native Valve Endocarditis. Microbiol Resour Announc 2023; 12:e0017523. [PMID: 37310280 PMCID: PMC10353460 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00175-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the complete genome sequence of Legionella cardiaca strain H63T, which had been isolated from aortic valve tissue from a patient with native endocarditis. The genome assembly contains a single 3,477,232-bp contig, with a G+C content of 38.59%, and is predicted to encode 2,948 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto E. Lopez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Joshua Mayoral
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nicholas P. Cianciotto
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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2
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Ditommaso S, Giacomuzzi M, Memoli G, Garlasco J, Zotti CM. Comparison of BCYEα+AB agar and MWY agar for detection and enumeration of Legionella spp. in hospital water samples. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:48. [PMID: 33593295 PMCID: PMC7885575 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02109-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study illustrates for the first time the performance (sensitivity and selectivity) of the selective medium BCYEα +AB suggested by the new edition of ISO 11731 for legionella isolation and enumeration. We compared the efficacy of the selective BCYEα +AB medium with that of the highly selective MWY medium. Results Legionella spp. was detected in 48.2 and 47.1% of the samples by BCYEα +AB and MWY agar, respectively. For optimal detection of Legionella spp., most protocols recommend using selective media to reduce the number of non-Legionella bacteria. Agreement between the two media was 86.7%. Conclusions According to the results, both media have a very similar performance and they both have advantages and disadvantages over each other. In AB medium there is the risk of being less selective so more interfering microbiota may grow but in MWY medium there is the risk of being too selective. The low selectivity of the AB medium could be resolved if other treatments are applied after filtration, e.g. acid and/or heat treatment, but it must be taken into account that these treatments still reduce the number of viable Legionella. In conclusion, we recommend using MWY as a selective medium for the detection of Legionella spp. as it is easier discern suspected colonies and facilitate the final Legionella spp. count. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-021-02109-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savina Ditommaso
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy.
| | - Monica Giacomuzzi
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Gabriele Memoli
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Jacopo Garlasco
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Carla M Zotti
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy
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Whole-Genome Sequencing of Legionella jordanis Strains NML 060502 and NML 130005, Recovered from a Lower Respiratory Tract Infection and Water, Respectively. Microbiol Resour Announc 2019; 8:MRA01537-18. [PMID: 30701246 PMCID: PMC6346195 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01537-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Draft genome sequences of two strains of the rarely isolated organism
Legionella jordanis
, NML 060502 (from a patient with a lower respiratory infection) and NML 130005 (from water), were assembled and studied. Respectively, the genome sizes obtained were 2,927,328 bp and 3,101,130 bp, with G+C contents of 41.9% and 41.7%.
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Joseph SJ, Cox D, Wolff B, Morrison SS, Kozak-Muiznieks NA, Frace M, Didelot X, Castillo-Ramirez S, Winchell J, Read TD, Dean D. Dynamics of genome change among Legionella species. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33442. [PMID: 27633769 PMCID: PMC5025774 DOI: 10.1038/srep33442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Legionella species inhabit freshwater and soil ecosystems where they parasitize protozoa. L. pneumonphila (LP) serogroup-1 (Lp1) is the major cause of Legionnaires' Disease (LD), a life-threatening pulmonary infection that can spread systemically. The increased global frequency of LD caused by Lp and non-Lp species underscores the need to expand our knowledge of evolutionary forces underlying disease pathogenesis. Whole genome analyses of 43 strains, including all known Lp serogroups 1-17 and 17 emergent LD-causing Legionella species (of which 33 were sequenced in this study) in addition to 10 publicly available genomes, resolved the strains into four phylogenetic clades along host virulence demarcations. Clade-specific genes were distinct for genetic exchange and signal-transduction, indicating adaptation to specific cellular and/or environmental niches. CRISPR spacer comparisons hinted at larger pools of accessory DNA sequences in Lp than predicted by the pan-genome analyses. While recombination within Lp was frequent and has been reported previously, population structure analysis identified surprisingly few DNA admixture events between species. In summary, diverse Legionella LD-causing species share a conserved core-genome, are genetically isolated from each other, and selectively acquire genes with potential for enhanced virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep J. Joseph
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Daniel Cox
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Bernard Wolff
- Respiratory Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Shatavia S. Morrison
- Respiratory Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Michael Frace
- Respiratory Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Xavier Didelot
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College, Norfolk Place, London, United Kingdom
| | - Santiago Castillo-Ramirez
- Programa de Genomica Evolutiva, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Jonas Winchell
- Respiratory Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Timothy D. Read
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Deborah Dean
- Department of Medicine and University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California at San Francisco and Berkeley, San Francisco and Berkeley, California, USA
- Center for Immunobiology and Vaccine Development, UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, USA
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Abstract
Legionella species are emerging opportunistic pathogens in hematopoietic stem cell and solid organ transplant recipients, associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The clinical and radiological features of Legionella infections can mimic other opportunistic pathogens in these profoundly immunocompromised patients. Diagnosis in transplant patients is challenging as non-pneumophila Legionella infections, for which these patients are at risk, cannot be identified using the urinary antigen test. Changes in management of transplant recipients and changes in Legionella epidemiology suggest that the number of transplant patients potentially exposed to Legionella spp. may be on the rise. Yet, evidence-based, transplant-specific guidelines for managing and preventing Legionella infections are not currently available. In this article, we review the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnostic challenges, treatment options, and preventive strategies of Legionella infections in these high-risk patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shobini Sivagnanam
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, E4-100, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Steven A Pergam
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, E4-100, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA. .,Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Infection Prevention, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Ji WT, Hsu BM, Chang TY, Hsu TK, Kao PM, Huang KH, Tsai SF, Huang YL, Fan CW. Surveillance and evaluation of the infection risk of free-living amoebae and Legionella in different aquatic environments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 499:212-219. [PMID: 25192927 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.07.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Free-living amoebae (FLA) are ubiquitous in various aquatic environments. Several amoebae species are pathogenic and host other pathogens such as Legionella, but the presence of FLA and its parasites as well as the related infection risk are not well known. In this study, the presence of pathogenic FLA and Legionella in various water bodies was investigated. Water samples were collected from a river, intake areas of drinking water treatment plants, and recreational hot spring complexes in central and southern Taiwan. A total of 140 water samples were tested for the presence of Acanthamoeba spp., Naegleria spp., Vermamoeba vermiformis, and Legionella. In addition, phylogenetic characteristics and water quality parameters were also assessed. The pathogenic genotypes of FLA included Acanthamoeba T4 and Naegleria australiensis, and both were abundant in the hot spring water. In contrast, Legionella pneumophila was detected in different aquatic environments. Among the FLA assessed, V. vermiformis was most likely to coexist with Legionella spp. The total bacteria level was associated with the presence of FLA and Legionella especially in hot spring water. Taken together, FLA contamination in recreational hot springs and drinking water source warrants more attention on potential legionellosis and amoebae infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Tsai Ji
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Bing-Mu Hsu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Tien-Yu Chang
- Department of Radiology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, 252 Wu Hsing Street, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tsui-Kang Hsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Life Science, Institute of Molecular Biology and Institute of Biomedical Science, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Po-Min Kao
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kuan-Hao Huang
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Molecular Biology and Institute of Biomedical Science, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shiou-Feng Tsai
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Li Huang
- Department of Safety Health and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-Wei Fan
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan, ROC
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Kao PM, Hsu BM, Hsu TK, Ji WT, Huang PH, Hsueh CJ, Chiang CS, Huang SW, Huang YL. Application of TaqMan fluorescent probe-based quantitative real-time PCR assay for the environmental survey of Legionella spp. and Legionella pneumophila in drinking water reservoirs in Taiwan. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 490:416-421. [PMID: 24867705 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.04.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, TaqMan fluorescent quantitative real-time PCR was performed to quantify Legionella species in reservoirs. Water samples were collected from 19 main reservoirs in Taiwan, and 12 (63.2%) were found to contain Legionella spp. The identified species included uncultured Legionella spp., L. pneumophila, L. jordanis, and L. drancourtii. The concentrations of Legionella spp. and L. pneumophila in the water samples were in the range of 1.8×10(2)-2.6×10(3) and 1.6×10(2)-2.4×10(2) cells/L, respectively. The presence and absence of Legionella spp. in the reservoir differed significantly in pH values. These results highlight the importance that L. pneumophila, L. jordanis, and L. drancourtii are potential pathogens in the reservoirs. The presence of L. pneumophila in reservoirs may be a potential public health concern that must be further examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Min Kao
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Bing-Mu Hsu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Tsui-Kang Hsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wen-Tsai Ji
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Po-Hsiang Huang
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Jen Hsueh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chuen-Sheue Chiang
- Research and Diagnostic Center, Centers for Disease Control, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shih-Wei Huang
- Center for General Education, Cheng-Shiu University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Li Huang
- Department of Safety Health and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
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Ditommaso S, Gentile M, Giacomuzzi M, Zotti CM. Recovery of Legionella species from water samples using an internal method based on ISO 11731: suggestions for revision and implementation. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2011; 70:200-6. [PMID: 21596223 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2011.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2010] [Revised: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The study aim was to determine retrospectively whether the parallel use of 2 media [buffered charcoal yeast extract (BCYE) and medium of Wadowsky and Yee (MWY)] to isolate Legionella spp. from water samples taken from hospital water supply systems increased the sensitivity of the culture method as compared with methods/protocols in which only seeding on a selective medium is used. We analyzed the results obtained from 931 positive water samples. In 484 of the 931 positive water samples, Legionella spp. was isolated in the presence of other microorganisms; in 83% (400/484), we used MWY to count suspected colonies, which gave a lower number of unreadable plates. In the 447 samples containing only Legionella spp., the highest frequency of positive samples (93%, 418/447) was obtained with BCYE, whereas seeding on MWY yielded 78% (348/447) (P < 0.001). Evaluation of the influence of the media on the Legionella spp. counts obtained by the 2 media showed that BCYE agar produced significantly higher counts than MWY (P < 0.001). The major conclusions that may be drawn from our data are as follows: 1) BCYE gives a high recovery rate of positive samples (93%) and a much greater yield of Legionella spp. than MWY; 2) BCYE was necessary for the detection of non-L. pneumophila spp. which grew poorly on selective media; 3) selective media [MWY or GVPC (glycine, vancomycin, polymyxin B, and cycloheximide)] were necessary for the recovery of Legionella spp. when the non-selective medium (BCYE) was difficult to interpret because of contaminating background flora. The use of different media is recommended for routine water tests in hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savina Ditommaso
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e di Microbiologia, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Santena, 5 bis, 10126 Turin, Italy.
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Meyer R, Rappo U, Glickman M, Seo SK, Sepkowitz K, Eagan J, Small TN. Legionella jordanis in hematopoietic SCT patients radiographically mimicking invasive mold infection. Bone Marrow Transplant 2011; 46:1099-103. [DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2011.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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10
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Abstract
Despite using modern microbiological diagnostic approaches, the aetiological agents of pneumonia remain unidentified in about 50% of cases. Some bacteria that grow poorly or not at all in axenic media used in routine clinical bacteriology laboratory but which can develop inside amoebae may be the agents of these lower respiratory tract infections (RTIs) of unexplained aetiology. Such amoebae-resisting bacteria, which coevolved with amoebae to resist their microbicidal machinery, may have developed virulence traits that help them survive within human macrophages, i.e. the first line of innate immune defence in the lung. We review here the current evidence for the emerging pathogenic role of various amoebae-resisting microorganisms as agents of RTIs in humans. Specifically, we discuss the emerging pathogenic roles of Legionella-like amoebal pathogens, novel Chlamydiae (Parachlamydia acanthamoebae, Simkania negevensis), waterborne mycobacteria and Bradyrhizobiaceae (Bosea and Afipia spp.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Lamoth
- Infectious Diseases Service, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2008; 14:266-73. [DOI: 10.1097/mcp.0b013e3282ff8c19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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