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Wood SJ, Goldufsky JW, Seu MY, Dorafshar AH, Shafikhani SH. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Cytotoxins: Mechanisms of Cytotoxicity and Impact on Inflammatory Responses. Cells 2023; 12:cells12010195. [PMID: 36611990 PMCID: PMC9818787 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most virulent opportunistic Gram-negative bacterial pathogens in humans. It causes many acute and chronic infections with morbidity and mortality rates as high as 40%. P. aeruginosa owes its pathogenic versatility to a large arsenal of cell-associated and secreted virulence factors which enable this pathogen to colonize various niches within hosts and protect it from host innate immune defenses. Induction of cytotoxicity in target host cells is a major virulence strategy for P. aeruginosa during the course of infection. P. aeruginosa has invested heavily in this strategy, as manifested by a plethora of cytotoxins that can induce various forms of cell death in target host cells. In this review, we provide an in-depth review of P. aeruginosa cytotoxins based on their mechanisms of cytotoxicity and the possible consequences of their cytotoxicity on host immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J. Wood
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Cell Therapy, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Josef W. Goldufsky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Cell Therapy, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Michelle Y. Seu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Amir H. Dorafshar
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Sasha H. Shafikhani
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Cell Therapy, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Cancer Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Correspondence:
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Yeung J, Gadjeva M, Geddes-McAlister J. Label-Free Quantitative Proteomics Distinguishes General and Site-Specific Host Responses to Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection at the Ocular Surface. Proteomics 2020; 20:e1900290. [PMID: 31874121 PMCID: PMC7079286 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201900290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry-based proteomics enables the unbiased and sensitive profiling of cellular proteomes and extracellular environments. Recent technological and bioinformatic advances permit identifying dual biological systems in a single experiment, supporting investigation of infection from both the host and pathogen perspectives. At the ocular surface, Pseudomonas aeruginosa is commonly associated with biofilm formation and inflammation of the ocular tissues, causing damage to the eye. The interaction between P. aeruginosa and the immune system at the site of infection describes limitations in clearance of infection and enhanced pathogenesis. Here, the extracellular environment (eye wash) of murine ocular surfaces infected with a clinical isolate of P. aeruginosa is profiled and neutrophil marker proteins are detected, indicating neutrophil recruitment to the site of infection. The first potential diagnostic markers of P. aeruginosa-associated keratitis are also identified. In addition, the deepest murine corneal proteome to date is defined and proteins, categories, and networks critical to the host response are detected. Moreover, the first identification of bacterial proteins attached to the ocular surface is reported. The findings are validated through in silico comparisons and enzymatic profiling. Overall, the work provides comprehensive profiling of the host-pathogen interface and uncovers differences between general and site-specific host responses to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Yeung
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Department, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - M. Gadjeva
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - J. Geddes-McAlister
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Department, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Khodayary R, Nikokar I, Mobayen MR, Afrasiabi F, Araghian A, Elmi A, Moradzadeh M. High incidence of type III secretion system associated virulence factors (exoenzymes) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from Iranian burn patients. BMC Res Notes 2019; 12:28. [PMID: 30646938 PMCID: PMC6334392 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4071-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance profile of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from Iranian burn patients. Results This cross-sectional study performed on 100 P. aeruginosa isolates which were recovered from burn wound specimens in 2014–2015. All presumptive isolates were identified by standard microbiologic tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was carried out by disk diffusion method. The presence of virulence genes was determined by PCR method. Antibiotic susceptibility results revealed that the isolates were mostly susceptible to amikacin (61%), ceftazidime (60%), and imipenem (55%). Moreover, 59% of the isolates were multi-drug resistance (MDR). The most prevalent MDR pattern was aminoglycosides–penicillins–fluoroquinolones–carbapenems (15%). The presence of exoT, exoY, exoS and exoU genes was detected in 100%, 100%, 59%, and 41% of the tested isolates, respectively. Results points out the pattern of MDR and genetic diversity of type III secretion system among P. aeruginosa strains isolated from the burn population. Overall, the association of MDR and the presence of the specific virulence genes can be a predictive marker for the persistence of these isolates in the hospitals and subsequently a worse clinical condition for the affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Khodayary
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Iraj Nikokar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran. .,Medical Biotechnology Research Center, School of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran. .,Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Paramedicine Faculty, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 44715-1361, Langeroud, IR, Iran.
| | | | - Farhad Afrasiabi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Afshin Araghian
- Medical Biotechnology Research Center, School of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ali Elmi
- Medical Biotechnology Research Center, School of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Meisam Moradzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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Peng X, Ekanayaka SA, McClellan SA, Barrett RP, Vistisen K, Hazlett LD. Characterization of Three Ocular Clinical Isolates of P. aeruginosa: Viability, Biofilm Formation, Adherence, Infectivity, and Effects of Glycyrrhizin. Pathogens 2017; 6:E52. [PMID: 29064403 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens6040052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We selectively characterized three isolates from Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis patients and how glycyrrhizin (GLY) affected them. Type III toxins were determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of GLY and assays for its effects on: time kill, bacterial permeability, and biofilm/adhesion were done. In vivo, C57BL/6 (B6) mice were treated topically with GLY after G81007 infection. Clinical score, photography with a slit lamp and RT-PCR were used to assess treatment effects. Isolates expressed exoS and exoT, but not exoU. MIC for all isolates was 40 mg/mL GLY and bacteriostatic effects were seen for G81007 after treatment using time kill assays. From viability testing, GLY treatment significantly increased the number of permeabilized bacteria (live/dead assay). Isolates 070490 and G81007 formed more biofilms compared with R59733 and PAO1 (control). GLY-treated bacteria had diminished biofilm compared with controls for all isolates. GLY reduced adherence of the G81007 isolate to cultured cells and affected specific biofilm associated systems tested by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). In vivo, after G81007 infection, GLY treatment reduced clinical score and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, CXCL2 and HMGB1. This study provides evidence that GLY is bacteriostatic for G81007. It also affects biofilm production, adherence to cultured cells, and an improved keratitis outcome.
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Radó J, Kaszab E, Petrovics T, Pászti J, Kriszt B, Szoboszlay S. Characterization of environmental Pseudomonas aeruginosa using multilocus sequence typing scheme. J Med Microbiol 2017; 66:1457-1466. [PMID: 28923132 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The objectives of this study were to examine environmental (hydrocarbon degrading) Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates with Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) and to determine their relevant features, such as serotype, virulence genes, biofilm forming ability and hydrocarbon degrading capacity. METHODOLOGY The diversity of environmental isolates was assessed with an MLST scheme. Investigation of virulence determinants included serotyping, hemolytic activity test and the detection of virulence genes exoS, exoY, exoT, exoU, exoA. Biofilm forming ability was examined in a modified microtiter assay, hydrocarbon degrading capacity was determined with gravimetric methods. RESULTS The majority of environmental isolates shared the same MLST profiles with isolates of cystic fibrosis (CF). Virulence patterns and serotypes were slightly connected to the phylogenetic localization, but further clinically important features such as antibiotic resistance were not. At least one of the examined environmental isolates was multidrug-resistant, virulent and had biofilm forming ability such as nosocomial P. aeruginosa and retained its hydrocarbon degradation ability. CONCLUSION The current theses that distinguish isolates originating from different sources are questionable; environmental P. aeruginosa can be a potential risk to public health and cannot be excluded as an external (non-nosocomial) source of infections, especially in patients with CF. Further studies such as pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and the determination of other clinically important virulence factors are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Radó
- Department of Environmental Safety and Ecotoxicology, Szent István University, Páter Károly u. 1., 2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Edit Kaszab
- Department of Environmental Safety and Ecotoxicology, Szent István University, Páter Károly u. 1., 2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Tünde Petrovics
- Department of Environmental Safety and Ecotoxicology, Szent István University, Páter Károly u. 1., 2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Judit Pászti
- National Center for Epidemiology, Albert Flórián út 2-6., 1097, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Kriszt
- Department of Environmental Safety and Ecotoxicology, Szent István University, Páter Károly u. 1., 2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Sándor Szoboszlay
- Department of Environmental Safety and Ecotoxicology, Szent István University, Páter Károly u. 1., 2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
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Jeon J, Kim YJ, Shin H, Ha UH. T3SS effector ExoY reduces inflammasome-related responses by suppressing bacterial motility and delaying activation of NF-κB and caspase-1. FEBS J 2017; 284:3392-3403. [PMID: 28815941 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Type III-secreted effectors are essential for modulating host immune responses during the pathogenesis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. Little is known about the impact of one of the effectors, ExoY, on inflammasome activation, which results in IL-1β production and pyroptotic cell death. In this study, we found that transcriptional expression of Il-1β was induced to a lesser extent in response to an exoY-harboring strain than to a deleted mutant. This suppressive effect of ExoY was verified by complementation assay as well as by direct translocation of exoY into host cells. In addition to the production of IL-1β, pyroptotic cell death was also diminished in response to an exoY-harboring strain. These inflammasome responses were mediated by the adenylate cyclase activity of ExoY, which plays a role in delaying the activation of NF-κB and caspase-1, a key component of inflammasome-mediated responses. Moreover, the negative effects of ExoY on these responses were in part conferred by the suppression of bacterial motility, which could reduce the degree of bacterial contact with cells. Together, these results demonstrate that the adenylate cyclase activity of P. aeruginosa ExoY can reduce inflammasome-related responses by influencing both the host and the bacterium itself by delaying the activation of inflammatory pathways and suppressing bacterial motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisu Jeon
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Yong-Jae Kim
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Heesung Shin
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Un-Hwan Ha
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
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Belyy A, Raoux-Barbot D, Saveanu C, Namane A, Ogryzko V, Worpenberg L, David V, Henriot V, Fellous S, Merrifield C, Assayag E, Ladant D, Renault L, Mechold U. Actin activates Pseudomonas aeruginosa ExoY nucleotidyl cyclase toxin and ExoY-like effector domains from MARTX toxins. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13582. [PMID: 27917880 PMCID: PMC5150216 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleotidyl cyclase toxin ExoY is one of the virulence factors injected by the Pseudomonas aeruginosa type III secretion system into host cells. Inside cells, it is activated by an unknown eukaryotic cofactor to synthesize various cyclic nucleotide monophosphates. ExoY-like adenylate cyclases are also found in Multifunctional-Autoprocessing Repeats-in-ToXin (MARTX) toxins produced by various Gram-negative pathogens. Here we demonstrate that filamentous actin (F-actin) is the hitherto unknown cofactor of ExoY. Association with F-actin stimulates ExoY activity more than 10,000 fold in vitro and results in stabilization of actin filaments. ExoY is recruited to actin filaments in transfected cells and alters F-actin turnover. Actin also activates an ExoY-like adenylate cyclase MARTX effector domain from Vibrio nigripulchritudo. Finally, using a yeast genetic screen, we identify actin mutants that no longer activate ExoY. Our results thus reveal a new sub-group within the class II adenylyl cyclase family, namely actin-activated nucleotidyl cyclase (AA-NC) toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Belyy
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3528, Unité de Biochimie des Interactions Macromoléculaires, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, 25-28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France
- Department of Bacterial Infections, Gamaleya Research Center, Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Dorothée Raoux-Barbot
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3528, Unité de Biochimie des Interactions Macromoléculaires, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, 25-28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France
| | - Cosmin Saveanu
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3525, Génétique des Interactions Macromoléculaires, Département de Génomes et Génétique, 25-28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France
| | - Abdelkader Namane
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3525, Génétique des Interactions Macromoléculaires, Département de Génomes et Génétique, 25-28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France
| | - Vasily Ogryzko
- Institut Gustave Roussy, CNRS UMR 8126, Unité de Signaling, Nuclei and Innovations in Oncology, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Lina Worpenberg
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3528, Unité de Biochimie des Interactions Macromoléculaires, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, 25-28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France
| | - Violaine David
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Veronique Henriot
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Souad Fellous
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Christien Merrifield
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Elodie Assayag
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3528, Unité de Biochimie des Interactions Macromoléculaires, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, 25-28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France
| | - Daniel Ladant
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3528, Unité de Biochimie des Interactions Macromoléculaires, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, 25-28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France
| | - Louis Renault
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Undine Mechold
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3528, Unité de Biochimie des Interactions Macromoléculaires, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, 25-28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France
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Rojo-Bezares B, Cavalié L, Dubois D, Oswald E, Torres C, Sáenz Y. Characterization of carbapenem resistance mechanisms and integrons in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains from blood samples in a French hospital. J Med Microbiol 2016; 65:311-319. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Rojo-Bezares
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Área de Microbiología Molecular, Logroño, Spain
| | - Laurent Cavalié
- CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan, Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène, Toulouse, France
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Inserm UMR1043 – CNRS UMR5282 – INRA USC1360, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Damien Dubois
- CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan, Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène, Toulouse, France
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Inserm UMR1043 – CNRS UMR5282 – INRA USC1360, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Eric Oswald
- CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan, Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène, Toulouse, France
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Inserm UMR1043 – CNRS UMR5282 – INRA USC1360, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Carmen Torres
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Área de Microbiología Molecular, Logroño, Spain
- Universidad de La Rioja, Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Logroño, Spain
| | - Yolanda Sáenz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Área de Microbiología Molecular, Logroño, Spain
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Kuznetsova MV, Karpunina TI. Cell-Mediated Hemolytic Activity of Nosocomial Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Strains. Bull Exp Biol Med 2015; 159:258-61. [PMID: 26085361 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-015-2936-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Cell-mediated hemolysis and adhesion index of nosocomial P. aeruginosa strains were experimentally studied. The highest hemoglobin release was recorded after centrifugation of erythrocyte and bacterial cell suspension preincubated at 37 C. All cultures were referred to highly adherent variants. The relationship between P. aeruginosa adhesion activity and erythrocyte lysis was found only in "passive" cell-cell contact. No correlation between cell-associated hemolysis and hemolysis caused by secreted factors was detected. It seems that the cytotoxicity of the studied P. aeruginosa strains was determined by ExoU and ExoS third type secretion effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Kuznetsova
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia,
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Lee JY, Peck KR, Ko KS. Selective advantages of two major clones of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates (CC235 and CC641) from Korea: antimicrobial resistance, virulence and biofilm-forming activity. J Med Microbiol 2013; 62:1015-1024. [PMID: 23558139 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.055426-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The characteristics of carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa (CRPA) isolates from Korea were investigated. Two major clones, clonal complex (CC) 235 and CC641, were identified. CC235, an important international clone, might have been imported recently in Korea as this clone displayed a homogeneous genotype, oprD mutation and antimicrobial resistance profile. While 13 ST235 isolates harboured the blaIMP-6 gene, which conferred high-level meropenem resistance, CC641 isolates showed high biofilm-forming activity. CC235 and CC641 isolates showed distinct distribution of ferripyoverdine receptor type and virulence markers. While all CC235 isolates were of the fpvAIIb type and exoS(-)/exoU(+), CC641 isolates were exoS(+)/exoU(-), and all but one showed the fpvAIII type. CC235 and CC641 isolates were also characterized by different extracellular protease activity: staphylolysin and elastase activities in CC235 and CC641, respectively. Two major CRPA clones in Korea seem to be predominant, reflecting their selective advantage by virtue of antimicrobial resistance, virulence and biofilm-forming activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Kyong Ran Peck
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, Korea
| | - Kwan Soo Ko
- Asia Pacific Foundation for Infectious Diseases, Seoul 135-710, Korea.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 440-746, Korea
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Jabalameli F, Mirsalehian A, Khoramian B, Aligholi M, Khoramrooz SS, Asadollahi P, Taherikalani M, Emaneini M. Evaluation of biofilm production and characterization of genes encoding type III secretion system among Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from burn patients. Burns 2012; 38:1192-7. [PMID: 22995427 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2012.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2012] [Revised: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the common pathogenic causes of serious infections in burn patients throughout the world. Type III secretion toxins are thought to promote the dissemination of P. aeruginosa from the site of infection, the bacterial evasion of the host immune response and inhibition of DNA synthesis leading to host cell death. A total of 96 isolates of P. aeruginosa were collected from wound infections of burn patients, from April to July 2010. Antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates were determined by disk agar diffusion method. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method was used for targeting the genes encoding the type III secretion toxins. The quantitative determination of biofilm-forming capacity was determined by a colorimetric microtiter plate assay. All the isolates were resistant to cefixime and ceftriaxone. More than 90% of the isolates were resistant to amikacin, carbenicillin, cefepime, cefotaxime, cefpodoxime, gatifloxacin, gentamicin, piperacillin/tazobactam, ticarcillin and tobramycin. All the isolates carried the exoT gene, 95% carried exoY, 64.5% carried exoU and 29% carried the exoS gene. Most of the isolates (58%) carried both exoY and exoU genes while 24% showed the concomitant presence of exoS and exoY and 1% carried both exoS and exoU. Coexistence of exoS, exoY and exoU was seen in 4% of the isolates. Biofilm formation was seen in more than 96% of the isolates among which 47% were strong biofilm producers, 26% were moderate and 22.9% were weak biofilm formers. In conclusion, the findings of this study show that the genes, particularly the exoU gene, encoding the type III secretion toxins, are commonly disseminated among the P. aeruginosa strains isolated from burn patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Jabalameli
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Selezska K, Kazmierczak M, Müsken M, Garbe J, Schobert M, Häussler S, Wiehlmann L, Rohde C, Sikorski J. Pseudomonas aeruginosa population structure revisited under environmental focus: impact of water quality and phage pressure. Environ Microbiol 2012; 14:1952-67. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2012.02719.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Chen YL, Chen YS, Chan H, Tseng YH, Yang SR, Tsai HY, Liu HY, Sun DS, Chang HH. The use of nanoscale visible light-responsive photocatalyst TiO2-Pt for the elimination of soil-borne pathogens. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31212. [PMID: 22384003 PMCID: PMC3285157 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to the soil-borne pathogens Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia cenocepacia can lead to severe infections and even mortality. These pathogens exhibit a high resistance to antibiotic treatments. In addition, no licensed vaccine is currently available. A nanoscale platinum-containing titania photocatalyst (TiO2-Pt) has been shown to have a superior visible light-responsive photocatalytic ability to degrade chemical contaminants like nitrogen oxides. The antibacterial activity of the catalyst and its potential use in soil pathogen control were evaluated. Using the plating method, we found that TiO2-Pt exerts superior antibacterial performance against Escherichia coli compared to other commercially available and laboratory prepared ultraviolet/visible light-responsive titania photocatalysts. TiO2-Pt-mediated photocatalysis also affectively eliminates the soil-borne bacteria B. pseudomallei and B. cenocepacia. An air pouch infection mouse model further revealed that TiO2-Pt-mediated photocatalysis could reduce the pathogenicity of both strains of bacteria. Unexpectedly, water containing up to 10% w/v dissolved soil particles did not reduce the antibacterial potency of TiO2-Pt, suggesting that the TiO2-Pt photocatalyst is suitable for use in soil-contaminated environments. The TiO2-Pt photocatalyst exerted superior antibacterial activity against a broad spectrum of human pathogens, including B. pseudomallei and B. cenocepacia. Soil particles (<10% w/v) did not significantly reduce the antibacterial activity of TiO2-Pt in water. These findings suggest that the TiO2-Pt photocatalyst may have potential applications in the development of bactericides for soil-borne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Lei Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Shen Chen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Yung-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hao Chan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Hsuan Tseng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ru Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ying Tsai
- Department of Biotechnology, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Yi Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Der-Shan Sun
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hou Chang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Kaszab E, Szoboszlay S, Dobolyi C, Háhn J, Pék N, Kriszt B. Antibiotic resistance profiles and virulence markers of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from composts. Bioresour Technol 2011; 102:1543-1548. [PMID: 20817443 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2009] [Revised: 08/02/2010] [Accepted: 08/07/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The aim of our work was to determine the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in compost raw materials, immature and mature compost, and compost-treated soil. Twenty-five strains of P. aeruginosa were isolated from a raw material (plant straw), immature and mature compost and compost-treated soil samples. The strains were identified using the PCR method for the detection of species specific variable regions of 16S rDNA. Strains were examined for the presence of five different virulence-related gene sequences (exoA, exoU, exoT, exoS and exoY) and their antibiotic resistance profiles were determined. Based on our results, species P. aeruginosa can reach significant numbers (up to 10(6) MPN/g sample) during composting and 92.0% of the isolated strains carrying at least two gene sequences encoding toxic proteins. Various types of drug resistance were detected among compost originating strains, mainly against third generation Cephalosporins and Carbapenems. Six isolates were able to resist two different classes of antibiotics (third generation Cephalosporins and Carbapenems, wide spectrum Penicillins or Aminoglycosides, respectively). Based on our results, composts can be a source of P. aeruginosa and might be a concern to individuals susceptible to this opportunistic pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edit Kaszab
- Szent István University, Páter Károly 1, H-2103 Gödöllő, Hungary
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Fung C, Naughton S, Turnbull L, Tingpej P, Rose B, Arthur J, Hu H, Harmer C, Harbour C, Hassett DJ, Whitchurch CB, Manos J. Gene expression of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a mucin-containing synthetic growth medium mimicking cystic fibrosis lung sputum. J Med Microbiol 2010; 59:1089-1100. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.019984-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa airway infection is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Various in vitro models have been developed to study P. aeruginosa pathobiology in the CF lung. In this study we produced a modified artificial-sputum medium (ASMDM) more closely resembling CF sputum than previous models, and extended previous work by using strain PAO1 arrays to examine the global transcription profiles of P. aeruginosa strain UCBPP-PA14 under early exponential-phase and stationary-phase growth. In early exponential phase, 38/39 nutrition-related genes were upregulated in line with data from previous in vitro models using UCBPP-PA14. Additionally, 23 type III secretion system (T3SS) genes, several anaerobic respiration genes and 24 quorum-sensing (QS)-related genes were upregulated in ASMDM, suggesting enhanced virulence factor expression and priming for anaerobic growth and biofilm formation. Under stationary phase growth in ASMDM, macroscopic clumps resembling microcolonies were evident in UCBPP-PA14 and CF strains, and over 40 potentially important genes were differentially expressed relative to stationary-phase growth in Luria broth. Most notably, QS-related and T3SS genes were downregulated in ASMDM, and iron-acquisition and assimilatory nitrate reductase genes were upregulated, simulating the iron-depleted, microaerophilic/anaerobic environment of CF sputum. ASMDM thus appears to be highly suitable for gene expression studies of P. aeruginosa in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Fung
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sharna Naughton
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lynne Turnbull
- Institute for the Biotechnology of Infectious Diseases, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia
| | - Pholawat Tingpej
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Barbara Rose
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jonathan Arthur
- Sydney Bioinformatics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Discipline of Medicine, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Honghua Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Christopher Harmer
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Colin Harbour
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Daniel J. Hassett
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Cynthia B. Whitchurch
- Institute for the Biotechnology of Infectious Diseases, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jim Manos
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Bradbury RS, Roddam LF, Merritt A, Reid DW, Champion AC. Virulence gene distribution in clinical, nosocomial and environmental isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Med Microbiol 2010; 59:881-890. [PMID: 20430902 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.018283-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The virulence factor genotypes of a large cohort of clinical, nosocomial environment and community environment isolates (184 in total) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Tasmania, Australia, were determined by PCR. The virulence factor genotype of the majority of isolates was highly conserved, with the exception of the virulence gene exoU, which demonstrated low prevalence (33 isolates; 18 %) in the population tested. Isolates collected from the environment of intensive therapy wards (intensive care unit and neurosurgical units) of the major tertiary referral hospital in Tasmania were found to be more likely (P<0.001 and P<0.05, respectively) to possess the virulence factor gene exoU than all other isolates. Adult cystic fibrosis isolates showed a decreased prevalence of the exoU gene (P<0.01) when compared to other clinical isolates (P<0.01), which may indicate decreased virulence. No specific virulence factor genotype was associated with the cystic fibrosis epidemic strains tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. S. Bradbury
- CF Research Group, Menzies Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Collins Street, Hobart, TAS, Australia
- Microbiology Department, Royal Hobart Hospital, Liverpool Street, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - L. F. Roddam
- CF Research Group, Menzies Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Collins Street, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - A. Merritt
- Burkholderia Research Group, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - D. W. Reid
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Hobart Hospital, Liverpool Street, Hobart, TAS, Australia
- CF Research Group, Menzies Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Collins Street, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - A. C. Champion
- CF Research Group, Menzies Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Collins Street, Hobart, TAS, Australia
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Pirnay JP, Bilocq F, Pot B, Cornelis P, Zizi M, Van Eldere J, Deschaght P, Vaneechoutte M, Jennes S, Pitt T, De Vos D. Pseudomonas aeruginosa population structure revisited. PLoS One 2009; 4:e7740. [PMID: 19936230 PMCID: PMC2777410 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2009] [Accepted: 09/26/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
At present there are strong indications that Pseudomonas aeruginosa exhibits an epidemic population structure; clinical isolates are indistinguishable from environmental isolates, and they do not exhibit a specific (disease) habitat selection. However, some important issues, such as the worldwide emergence of highly transmissible P. aeruginosa clones among cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and the spread and persistence of multidrug resistant (MDR) strains in hospital wards with high antibiotic pressure, remain contentious. To further investigate the population structure of P. aeruginosa, eight parameters were analyzed and combined for 328 unrelated isolates, collected over the last 125 years from 69 localities in 30 countries on five continents, from diverse clinical (human and animal) and environmental habitats. The analysed parameters were: i) O serotype, ii) Fluorescent Amplified-Fragment Length Polymorphism (FALFP) pattern, nucleotide sequences of outer membrane protein genes, iii) oprI, iv) oprL, v) oprD, vi) pyoverdine receptor gene profile (fpvA type and fpvB prevalence), and prevalence of vii) exoenzyme genes exoS and exoU and viii) group I pilin glycosyltransferase gene tfpO. These traits were combined and analysed using biological data analysis software and visualized in the form of a minimum spanning tree (MST). We revealed a network of relationships between all analyzed parameters and non-congruence between experiments. At the same time we observed several conserved clones, characterized by an almost identical data set. These observations confirm the nonclonal epidemic population structure of P. aeruginosa, a superficially clonal structure with frequent recombinations, in which occasionally highly successful epidemic clones arise. One of these clones is the renown and widespread MDR serotype O12 clone. On the other hand, we found no evidence for a widespread CF transmissible clone. All but one of the 43 analysed CF strains belonged to a ubiquitous P. aeruginosa "core lineage" and typically exhibited the exoS(+)/exoU(-) genotype and group B oprL and oprD alleles. This is to our knowledge the first report of an MST analysis conducted on a polyphasic data set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Pirnay
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Technology, Burn Centre, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Brussel, Belgium.
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