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Adhikari P, Antala D, Bhandari B, Mohamed K, Egoryan G, Stake JJ, Friedman H. A Case of Campylobacter Fetus Subspecies Fetus Systemic Infection. Cureus 2022; 14:e23963. [PMID: 35541294 PMCID: PMC9080960 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.23963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter are gram-negative bacilli commonly known to cause gastro-intestinal infection; however, species like Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus (C. fetus) have been documented to cause severe systemic illness, especially in immunocompromised hosts. It has been linked with severe sepsis, septic arthritis, endocarditis, and subdural abscess. We report a case of a 65-year-old male with a history of human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV) and chronic hepatitis B presenting with high fevers, pain, and swelling in multiple joints. His blood cultures grew C. fetus. Synovial fluid analysis from the knee joint revealed leukocytes of 17,000 with 93% neutrophils, and gram stains and cultures from synovial fluid were negative. The patient improved with piperacillin-tazobactam and vancomycin which were transitioned to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and azithromycin as the patient returned to baseline functional status.
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Ali S, Siddiqui B, Lawal F. Campylobacter jejuni prosthetic joint infection in an ulcerative colitis patient in the absence of gastrointestinal symptoms. IDCases 2020; 22:e00920. [PMID: 32793417 PMCID: PMC7415845 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2020.e00920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
73-year-old man with ulcerative colitis was diagnosed with Campylobacter jejuni prosthetic knee infection. No preceding gastrointestinal illness was reported. Joint aspirate and operative cultures were negative; however, blood cultures were positive for Campylobacter jejuni. The role of ulcerative colitis in inducing bacteremia and subsequent prosthetic joint infection is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehar Ali
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Budder Siddiqui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Folake Lawal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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3
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Suarez A, Parsons C, Parsons E, Gowe I, Vickery S. Diarrheal illness and prosthetic joint infection caused by Campylobacter coli following consumption of undercooked chicken wings. IDCases 2019; 18:e00644. [PMID: 31754600 PMCID: PMC6854087 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2019.e00644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter species are common causes of diarrheal illness following consumption of contaminated food or unpasteurized dairy products, but subsequent dissemination and joint space infections are rare. We describe a patient who consumed undercooked chicken wings, with subsequent development of a febrile gastrointestinal illness marked by copious, watery stool output. This was followed by acute onset of pain and inability to bear weight on his right hip and leg where he had undergone prior arthroplasty. Synovial fluid cultures revealed Campylobacter coli, identified utilizing matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The patient made a full recovery following hip joint space debridement with prosthesis retention, coupled with sequential intravenous and oral ciprofloxacin therapy. This case highlights both the potential for prosthetic joint infection with Campylobacter coli following diarrheal illness, as well as challenges in reducing Campylobacter contamination within commercially distributed chicken wings.
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Zamora-López MJ, Álvarez-García P, García-Campello M. Prosthetic hip joint infection caused by Campylobacter fetus: A case report and literature review. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE QUIMIOTERAPIA : PUBLICACION OFICIAL DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE QUIMIOTERAPIA 2018; 31:53-57. [PMID: 29390600 PMCID: PMC6159359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M J Zamora-López
- Mª José Zamora-López, Microbiología y Parasitología. C/ Princesa de Éboli 100, 1ºB, 28050, Madrid, Spain.
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Early Onset Prosthetic Joint Infection and Bacteremia due to Campylobacter fetusSubspecies fetus. Case Rep Infect Dis 2017; 2017:5892846. [PMID: 28928998 PMCID: PMC5591925 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5892846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter fetus is a zoonotic pathogen that occasionally causes serious, relapsing, invasive disease, especially in immunocompromised hosts. We report a case of relapsing C. fetus diarrheal illness in a 75-year-old woman which resulted in secondary bacteremia and seeding of the left knee prosthetic joint. Patient responded favorably to debridement and retention of prosthesis in addition to six weeks of meropenem followed by chronic oral doxycycline suppressive therapy.
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Nishiguchi S, Sekine I, Kuroda S, Sato M, Kitagawa I. Myositis Ossificans of the Hip Due to Pyogenic Arthritis Caused by Campylobacter fetus Subspecies fetus. Intern Med 2017; 56:967-972. [PMID: 28420848 PMCID: PMC5465416 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.56.7906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A 61-year-old woman was admitted with severe hip pain causing immobility and high serum levels of inflammatory markers. The patient had a medical history of diabetes. She had been scheduled to undergo right hip replacement surgery for the treatment of osteoarthritis associated with gradually progressive pain. On admission, an enhanced abdominal computed tomography scan showed an abnormal increase in synovial fluid surrounding the right ilium, with piriformis muscle calcification. Subsequent blood and specimen cultures identified Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus. This is a rare report of a case of myositis ossificans followed by C. fetus pyogenic arthritis of the hip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Nishiguchi
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Japan
| | - Ichiro Sekine
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Japan
| | - Shun Kuroda
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Japan
| | - Morihiko Sato
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Japan
| | - Izumi Kitagawa
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Japan
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Colosimo M, Grancini A, Daprai L, Giovanni Cimminiello A, Castelli C, Restelli A, Gallelli L, Torresani E. Involvement of Campylobacter jejuni in septic arthritis: a case report. JMM Case Rep 2015. [DOI: 10.1099/jmmcr.0.000095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Colosimo
- Central Laboratory, Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Anna Grancini
- Central Laboratory, Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Daprai
- Central Laboratory, Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Aldo Giovanni Cimminiello
- Emergency Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Cristina Castelli
- Central Laboratory, Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Antonella Restelli
- Central Laboratory, Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Gallelli
- Department of Health Science, Operative Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Erminio Torresani
- Central Laboratory, Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
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Abstract
A 75-year-old man was diagnosed with probable Campylobacter jejuni prosthetic knee infection after a diarrheal illness. Joint aspirate and operative cultures were negative, but PCR of prosthesis sonicate fluid was positive, as was stool culture. Nineteen additional cases of Campylobacter prosthetic joint infection reported in the literature are reviewed.
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Prendki V, Marmor S, Zeller V, Lhotellier L, Mégraud F, Desplaces N. Campylobacter infection after prosthetic joint surgery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 45:706-10. [PMID: 23808718 DOI: 10.3109/00365548.2013.800225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Few cases of Campylobacter prosthetic joint infection (PJI) have been reported so far. We describe the demographic characteristics, underlying conditions, clinical features, treatment, and outcome of 8 patients with Campylobacter PJI in our hospital. All strains were confirmed at the French National Reference Center for Campylobacter and Helicobacter. Seven patients were infected with C. fetus and 1 with C. jejuni. Most patients were elderly and immunocompromised. Four had bacteremia, one of these with a pacemaker endocarditis. All the patients received at least 3 months of antibiotic treatment and 6 were treated surgically. The outcome was favorable at 2 years of follow-up in all except for 1 patient. Campylobacter PJI cases are rare but likely to become more frequent. C. fetus bacteremia should motivate physicians to look for a secondary localization such as a Campylobacter PJI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Prendki
- Service d'Orthopédie, Groupe Hospitalier Diaconesses Croix Saint Simon, Paris, France.
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Campylobacter coli prosthetic hip infection associated with ingestion of contaminated oysters. J Clin Microbiol 2009; 47:3370-1. [PMID: 19656982 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00417-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This report describes the first reported case of a prosthetic hip joint infection due to Campylobacter coli. The infection presumably resulted from ingestion of contaminated raw oysters. Issues regarding original smear interpretation, culture isolation, and susceptibility testing are presented.
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Cone LA, Dreisbach PB, Hirschberg J, Shekar C, Dreisbach LP, Salatich W. Cellulitis and septic arthritis caused by Campylobacter fetus and Campylobacter jejuni: report of 2 cases and review of the literature. J Clin Rheumatol 2007; 9:362-9. [PMID: 17043445 DOI: 10.1097/01.rhu.0000090261.11345.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Bacteremia caused by gram-negative bacteria occasionally causes soft tissue infections, including cellulitis and septic arthritis. We describe 1 patient each with Campylobacter fetus cellulitis and septic arthritis and review the world literature with regard to C. fetus and C. jejuni infections at these sites. Altogether, 14 patients with cellulitis (12 due to C. fetus and 2 due to C. jejuni) and 20 patients with septic arthritis (15 due to C. fetus and 4 caused by C. jejuni) have been described. Most infections, particularly those causing cellulitis, are found in elderly men with underlying systemic disease. Most patients are febrile but less than half manifest a leukocytosis. There were only 3 deaths in this series of 33 patients. The newer macrolides, including azithromycin and clarithromycin, are considered the drugs of choice, particularly with C. jejuni, while soft tissue infections caused by C. fetus respond nicely to many beta-lactams, particularly to cephalosporins and carbapenems, as well as to macrolides and quinolones.
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Campylobacter fetus. INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE 2007. [DOI: 10.1097/01.idc.0000236974.51334.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Goegebuer T, Verhaeghe JP, Verlinde A, De Laere E, Surmont I. Infection of the thyroid gland caused by Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus. Acta Clin Belg 2007; 62:130-3. [PMID: 17547296 DOI: 10.1179/acb.2007.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We report what we consider to be the first case of an abscess of the thyroid gland due to Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus (C. fetus) in a patient suffering from hyperthyroidism. C. fetus is known as a rare and opportunistic pathogen in humans, causing a broad variety of systemic infections. Acquisition by humans is thought to occur through contact with animals or animal products and to start as a gastro-intestinal colonization. The detection of C. fetus in stool is challenging, since culture efforts are generally directed in order to fulfil growth requirements of C.jejuni, a much more common enteric pathogen. Detection of C. fetus in non-stool samples is even more challenging since routine culture doesn't imply prolonged incubation (>72h), selective media and microaerophilic conditions. It is therefore not unlikely that human infections caused by C. fetus occur more often than generally assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Goegebuer
- Laboratorium KLinische Biologie, Heilig Hartziekenhuis Roeselare-Menen vzw, Wilgenstraat 2, 8800 Roeselare, België
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Zonios DI, Panayiotakopoulos GD, Kabletsas EO, Tzima EL, Stefanou I, Archimandritis AJ. Campylobacter fetus bacteraemia in a healthy individual: clinical and therapeutical implications. J Infect 2006; 51:329-32. [PMID: 16291287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2004.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter species are well-recognized common causes of gastrointestinal infections. While Campylobacter jejuni is probably the most common Campylobacter isolated in humans, Campylobacter fetus is rather infrequent and mostly related with bacteraemia. Even on such occasions, it seems that immunocompetent individuals are spared. We report a case of C. fetus bacteraemia in a healthy-except for impaired fasting glucose (IFG) levels-farmer, presenting as an acute febrile syndrome and treated successfully as brucellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios I Zonios
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School, University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Athens 115 27, Greece.
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Marculescu CE, Berbari EF, Cockerill FR, Osmon DR. Fungi, mycobacteria, zoonotic and other organisms in prosthetic joint infection. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2006; 451:64-72. [PMID: 16906078 DOI: 10.1097/01.blo.0000229337.21653.f2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A systematic review of the presentation and management of prosthetic joint infection (PJI) due to zoonotic microorganisms, fungi, mycobacteria and other unusual microorganisms is not available. We therefore sought to provide a resource for the practicing orthopaedic surgeon which will serve as a guide for making appropriate decisions in managing such rare, but potentially problematic conditions. We conducted a Medline search of all case reports of PJI due to these unusual microorganisms. Our review of the current literature showed the diagnosis of PJI due to zoonotic microorganisms, fungi, mycobacteria and other unusual microorganisms typically necessitates specialized diagnostic tests. Maintaining a high index of suspicion in diagnosis of such unusual microorganisms and requesting the appropriate laboratory tests at the time of surgical débridement is crucial for determining the microbiologic etiology of these infections. The appropriate medical and surgical management of such infections is complex and often requires the use of special antimicrobials with which the orthopaedist may not be familiar. Collaboration with an infectious disease specialist is advisable when treating these infections.
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David J, Nasser RM, Goldberg JW, Reed KD, Earll MD. Bilateral prosthetic knee infection by Campylobacter fetus. J Arthroplasty 2005; 20:401-5. [PMID: 15809962 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2004.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We present the first documented case of a bilateral prosthetic knee joint infection with Campylobacter fetus. Our patient's risk factors included age, the presence of prosthetic joints, and potential exposure through his contact with farm animals. It is important to be aware of the possibility of C fetus joint infections in high-risk patients who present with pain after total joint arthroplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- John David
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Marshfield Clinic, Wisconsin 54449, USA
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Tremblay C, Gaudreau C, Lorange M. Epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibilities of 111 Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus strains isolated in Québec, Canada, from 1983 to 2000. J Clin Microbiol 2003; 41:463-6. [PMID: 12517895 PMCID: PMC149556 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.41.1.463-466.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibilities of 111 Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus strains isolated from 103 patients from 1983 to 2000 in Québec, Canada, were determined. The median number of patients infected annually with this bacteria was seven, with an incidence of 0.1 per 100,000 population. The male-to-female ratio was 1.1 to 1.0. The patients originated from 13 of the 18 Québec socioeconomic regions. The age range of the patients was 6 months to 90 years old, 53% being > or = 70 years old and 2% being <20 years old. The isolation site was blood for 69% of the patients, stools for 20%, and other body fluids for 11% of them. Three patients suffered a relapse, with the same strain being isolated from the same site at different times as confirmed by pulse-field gel electrophoresis. All isolates were susceptible to ampicillin, gentamicin, meropenem, and imipenem, with 90% minimal inhibitory concentrations of 4, 1, 0.12, and < or = 0.06 microg/ml, respectively. Three percent and two percent of the strains were, respectively, resistant and intermediate to ciprofloxacin. Thirty-four percent of the strains were resistant to tetracycline. There was a nonsignificant increase in resistance to ciprofloxacin (P = 0.27) and to tetracycline (P = 0.65) in recent years. The percentages of intermediate and resistant MICs were, respectively, 12 and 1% for cefotaxime and 71 and 0% for erythromycin. All strains were beta-lactamase negative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Tremblay
- Département de Microbiologie et Infectiologie, Hôpital St-Luc du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Atkins BL, Athanasou N, Deeks JJ, Crook DW, Simpson H, Peto TE, McLardy-Smith P, Berendt AR. Prospective evaluation of criteria for microbiological diagnosis of prosthetic-joint infection at revision arthroplasty. The OSIRIS Collaborative Study Group. J Clin Microbiol 1998; 36:2932-9. [PMID: 9738046 PMCID: PMC105090 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.36.10.2932-2939.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 491] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/1998] [Accepted: 06/30/1998] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A prospective study was performed to establish criteria for the microbiological diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection at elective revision arthroplasty. Patients were treated in a multidisciplinary unit dedicated to the management and study of musculoskeletal infection. Standard multiple samples of periprosthetic tissue were obtained at surgery, Gram stained, and cultured by direct and enrichment methods. With reference to histology as the criterion standard, sensitivities, specificities, and likelihood ratios (LRs) were calculated by using different cutoffs for the diagnosis of infection. We performed revisions on 334 patients over a 17-month period, of whom 297 were evaluable. The remaining 37 were excluded because histology results were unavailable or could not be interpreted due to underlying inflammatory joint disease. There were 41 infections, with only 65% of all samples sent from infected patients being culture positive, suggesting low numbers of bacteria in the samples taken. The isolation of an indistinguishable microorganism from three or more independent specimens was highly predictive of infection (sensitivity, 65%; specificity, 99.6%; LR, 168.6), while Gram staining was less useful (sensitivity, 12%; specificity, 98%; LR, 10). A simple mathematical model was developed to predict the performance of the diagnostic test. We recommend that five or six specimens be sent, that the cutoff for a definite diagnosis of infection be three or more operative specimens that yield an indistinguishable organism, and that because of its low level of sensitivity, Gram staining should be abandoned as a diagnostic tool at elective revision arthroplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Atkins
- Public Health Laboratory, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Hum S, Quinn K, Brunner J, On SL. Evaluation of a PCR assay for identification and differentiation of Campylobacter fetus subspecies. Aust Vet J 1997; 75:827-31. [PMID: 9404619 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1997.tb15665.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate a polymerase chain reaction assay for identification of Campylobacter fetus and differentiation of the defined subspecies. DESIGN Characterisation of bacterial strains by traditional phenotyping, polymerase chain reaction, a probabilistic identification scheme and macrorestriction profiling using pulsed field gel electrophoresis. PROCEDURE The results of identification of 99 bacterial strains as determined by conventional phenotyping or by polymerase chain reaction were compared. Two of these were type strains of C fetus subsp fetus and C fetus subsp venerealis; the remaining strains were field isolates putatively identified as C fetus. In cases where the subspecies identity was disputed, isolates were identified by means of a probabilistic identification scheme and by macrorestriction profiling. RESULTS The agreement between strain identities initially suggested by traditional phenotypic methods and the PCR assay was found to be 80.8%. The polymerase chain reaction proved to be a reliable technique for the species and subspecies identification of C fetus; equivocal results were obtained in only two instances. Initial misidentifications by conventional phenotyping methods were attributed to methodological differences used in various laboratories. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that misidentification of C fetus in routine diagnostic laboratories may be relatively common. The PCR assay evaluated gave rapid and reproducible results and is thus a valuable adjunctive method for the identification of C fetus and subsequent subspecies differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hum
- NSW Agriculture, Regional Veterinary Laboratory, Armidale
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Abstract
Because of the adoption of effective prophylactic measures such as improved operating room techniques and systemic antibiotics, the prosthetic infection rate for artificial joint procedures has been reduced to 1-2%. However, because of the devastating results and large number of prosthetic procedures, prosthetic infection remains a major challenge. Common pathogens and mechanisms of infection, methods of preventing bacterial adherence to biomaterial surfaces, and clinical preventive strategies for prosthetic infections are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H An
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29425, USA
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Bates CJ, Clarke TC, Spencer RC. Prosthetic hip joint infection due to Campylobacter fetus. J Clin Microbiol 1994; 32:2037. [PMID: 7989567 PMCID: PMC263929 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.32.8.2037-.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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