1
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Liang Y, Chen J, Wang C, Yu B, Zhang Y, Liu Z. Investigating the mechanism of Echovirus 30 cell invasion. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1174410. [PMID: 37485505 PMCID: PMC10359910 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1174410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses invade susceptible cells through a complex mechanism before injecting their genetic material into them. This causes direct damage to the host cell, as well as resulting in disease in the corresponding system. Echovirus type 30 (E30) is a member of the Enterovirus B group and has recently been reported to cause central nervous system (CNS) disorders, leading to viral encephalitis and viral meningitis in children. In this review, we aim to help in improving the understanding of the mechanisms of CNS diseases caused by E30 for the subsequent development of relevant drugs and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucai Liang
- Department of Microbiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Junbing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Congcong Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Bowen Yu
- Department of Immunology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijun Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
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2
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Heckenberg E, Steppe JT, Coyne CB. Enteroviruses: The role of receptors in viral pathogenesis. Adv Virus Res 2022; 113:89-110. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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3
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Wells AI, Coyne CB. Enteroviruses: A Gut-Wrenching Game of Entry, Detection, and Evasion. Viruses 2019; 11:v11050460. [PMID: 31117206 PMCID: PMC6563291 DOI: 10.3390/v11050460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteroviruses are a major source of human disease, particularly in neonates and young children where infections can range from acute, self-limited febrile illness to meningitis, endocarditis, hepatitis, and acute flaccid myelitis. The enterovirus genus includes poliovirus, coxsackieviruses, echoviruses, enterovirus 71, and enterovirus D68. Enteroviruses primarily infect by the fecal–oral route and target the gastrointestinal epithelium early during their life cycles. In addition, spread via the respiratory tract is possible and some enteroviruses such as enterovirus D68 are preferentially spread via this route. Once internalized, enteroviruses are detected by intracellular proteins that recognize common viral features and trigger antiviral innate immune signaling. However, co-evolution of enteroviruses with humans has allowed them to develop strategies to evade detection or disrupt signaling. In this review, we will discuss how enteroviruses infect the gastrointestinal tract, the mechanisms by which cells detect enterovirus infections, and the strategies enteroviruses use to escape this detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra I Wells
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA.
| | - Carolyn B Coyne
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA.
- Richard K. Mellon Institute for Pediatric Research, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA.
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4
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Laassri M, Zagorodnyaya T, Hassin-Baer S, Handsher R, Sofer D, Weil M, Karagiannis K, Simonyan V, Chumakov K, Shulman L. Evolution of echovirus 11 in a chronically infected immunodeficient patient. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1006943. [PMID: 29554133 PMCID: PMC5875893 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep sequencing was used to determine complete nucleotide sequences of echovirus 11 (EV11) strains isolated from a chronically infected patient with CVID as well as from cases of acute enterovirus infection. Phylogenetic analysis showed that EV11 strains that circulated in Israel in 1980-90s could be divided into four clades. EV11 strains isolated from a chronically infected individual belonged to one of the four clades and over a period of 4 years accumulated mutations at a relatively constant rate. Extrapolation of mutations accumulation curve into the past suggested that the individual was infected with circulating EV11 in the first half of 1990s. Genomic regions coding for individual viral proteins did not appear to be under strong selective pressure except for protease 3C that was remarkably conserved. This may suggest its important role in maintaining persistent infection. We describe evolution of Echovirus 11 genome in chronically infected immunodeficient patient over a period of several years and compare it with the evolution of circulating echoviruses from which it originated. Ratio of silent to missense mutations in protein coding regions suggests that chronic virus was under lower selective pressure than circulating viruses, except for a region coding for viral protease that may participate in neutralizing host cell anti-viral defense mechanisms. This suggests that adaptation to persistence in immunodeficient host may require maintaining functional viral counter-defense mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Laassri
- FDA Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
| | - Tatiana Zagorodnyaya
- FDA Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
| | - Sharon Hassin-Baer
- Movement Disorders Institute and Department of Neurology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer; and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Rachel Handsher
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Service Laboratories Israel Ministry of Health at Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Danit Sofer
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Service Laboratories Israel Ministry of Health at Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Merav Weil
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Service Laboratories Israel Ministry of Health at Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Konstantinos Karagiannis
- FDA Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Vahan Simonyan
- FDA Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Konstantin Chumakov
- FDA Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Lester Shulman
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Service Laboratories Israel Ministry of Health at Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Dept. of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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5
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Zhong Q, Carratalà A, Shim H, Bachmann V, Jensen JD, Kohn T. Resistance of Echovirus 11 to ClO 2 Is Associated with Enhanced Host Receptor Use, Altered Entry Routes, and High Fitness. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:10746-10755. [PMID: 28837336 PMCID: PMC5607461 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b03288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Waterborne viruses can exhibit resistance to common water disinfectants, yet the mechanisms that allow them to tolerate disinfection are poorly understood. Here, we generated echovirus 11 (E11) with resistance to chlorine dioxide (ClO2) by experimental evolution, and we assessed the associated genotypic and phenotypic traits. ClO2 resistance emerged after E11 populations were repeatedly reduced (either by ClO2-exposure or by dilution) and then regrown in cell culture. The resistance was linked to an improved capacity of E11 to bind to its host cells, which was further attributed to two potential causes: first, the resistant E11 populations possessed mutations that caused amino acid substitutions from ClO2-labile to ClO2-stable residues in the viral proteins, which likely increased the chemical stability of the capsid toward ClO2. Second, resistant E11 mutants exhibited the capacity to utilize alternative cell receptors for host binding. Interestingly, the emergence of ClO2 resistance resulted in an enhanced replicative fitness compared to the less resistant starting population. Overall this study contributes to a better understanding of the mechanism underlying disinfection resistance in waterborne viruses, and processes that drive resistance development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxia Zhong
- Laboratory
of Environmental Chemistry, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental
Engineering, École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anna Carratalà
- Laboratory
of Environmental Chemistry, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental
Engineering, École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hyunjin Shim
- Jensen Lab, School
of Life Sciences, EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Virginie Bachmann
- Laboratory
of Environmental Chemistry, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental
Engineering, École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jeffrey D. Jensen
- Jensen Lab, School
of Life Sciences, EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tamar Kohn
- Laboratory
of Environmental Chemistry, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental
Engineering, École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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6
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A Four-Biomarker Blood Signature Discriminates Systemic Inflammation Due to Viral Infection Versus Other Etiologies. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2914. [PMID: 28588308 PMCID: PMC5460227 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02325-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system of humans and other mammals responds to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are conserved across broad classes of infectious agents such as bacteria and viruses. We hypothesized that a blood-based transcriptional signature could be discovered indicating a host systemic response to viral infection. Previous work identified host transcriptional signatures to individual viruses including influenza, respiratory syncytial virus and dengue, but the generality of these signatures across all viral infection types has not been established. Based on 44 publicly available datasets and two clinical studies of our own design, we discovered and validated a four-gene expression signature in whole blood, indicative of a general host systemic response to many types of viral infection. The signature’s genes are: Interferon Stimulated Gene 15 (ISG15), Interleukin 16 (IL16), 2′,5′-Oligoadenylate Synthetase Like (OASL), and Adhesion G Protein Coupled Receptor E5 (ADGRE5). In each of 13 validation datasets encompassing human, macaque, chimpanzee, pig, mouse, rat and all seven Baltimore virus classification groups, the signature provides statistically significant (p < 0.05) discrimination between viral and non-viral conditions. The signature may have clinical utility for differentiating host systemic inflammation (SI) due to viral versus bacterial or non-infectious causes.
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7
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Mizuno M, Suzuki Y, Ito Y. Complement regulation and kidney diseases: recent knowledge of the double-edged roles of complement activation in nephrology. Clin Exp Nephrol 2017; 22:3-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s10157-017-1405-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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8
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Cevallos Porta D, López S, Arias CF, Isa P. Polarized rotavirus entry and release from differentiated small intestinal cells. Virology 2016; 499:65-71. [PMID: 27639572 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Rotaviruses infect mature enterocytes from small intestine, however most data about their cellular entry are from studies carried out in non-intestinal polarized or non-polarized cell lines. In this work the entry of porcine rotavirus YM strain into small intestinal cell line IPEC-J2 was studied. It was found that YM and the human rotavirus Wa strain infect preferentially from the basolateral cell surface. Cell infection from the apical and basolateral surfaces was dependent on the presence of cholesterol. The treatment with neuraminidase, sucrose, and bafilomycin suggests that there are differences in the receptor usage and entry mechanism of the virus from the apical and basolateral surface. While cell entry is more efficient from basolateral surface, the viruses egressed mainly from the apical cell side.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Cevallos Porta
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos CP 62210, Mexico.
| | - Susana López
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos CP 62210, Mexico.
| | - Carlos F Arias
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos CP 62210, Mexico.
| | - Pavel Isa
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos CP 62210, Mexico.
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9
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Albornoz A, Hoffmann AB, Lozach PY, Tischler ND. Early Bunyavirus-Host Cell Interactions. Viruses 2016; 8:v8050143. [PMID: 27213430 PMCID: PMC4885098 DOI: 10.3390/v8050143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Bunyaviridae is the largest family of RNA viruses, with over 350 members worldwide. Several of these viruses cause severe diseases in livestock and humans. With an increasing number and frequency of outbreaks, bunyaviruses represent a growing threat to public health and agricultural productivity globally. Yet, the receptors, cellular factors and endocytic pathways used by these emerging pathogens to infect cells remain largely uncharacterized. The focus of this review is on the early steps of bunyavirus infection, from virus binding to penetration from endosomes. We address current knowledge and advances for members from each genus in the Bunyaviridae family regarding virus receptors, uptake, intracellular trafficking and fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelina Albornoz
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Av. Zañartu 1482, 7780272 Santiago, Chile.
| | - Anja B Hoffmann
- CellNetworks-Cluster of Excellence and Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Pierre-Yves Lozach
- CellNetworks-Cluster of Excellence and Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Nicole D Tischler
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Av. Zañartu 1482, 7780272 Santiago, Chile.
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10
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Neurotropic Enterovirus Infections in the Central Nervous System. Viruses 2015; 7:6051-66. [PMID: 26610549 PMCID: PMC4664993 DOI: 10.3390/v7112920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Enteroviruses are a group of positive-sense single stranded viruses that belong to the Picornaviridae family. Most enteroviruses infect humans from the gastrointestinal tract and cause mild symptoms. However, several enteroviruses can invade the central nervous system (CNS) and result in various neurological symptoms that are correlated to mortality associated with enteroviral infections. In recent years, large outbreaks of enteroviruses occurred worldwide. Therefore, these neurotropic enteroviruses have been deemed as re-emerging pathogens. Although these viruses are becoming large threats to public health, our understanding of these viruses, especially for non-polio enteroviruses, is limited. In this article, we review recent advances in the trafficking of these pathogens from the peripheral to the central nervous system, compare their cell tropism, and discuss the effects of viral infections in their host neuronal cells.
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11
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Abstract
Tight junctions (TJs) are highly specialized membrane domains involved in many important cellular processes such as the regulation of the passage of ions and macromolecules across the paracellular space and the establishment of cell polarity in epithelial cells. Over the past few years there has been increasing evidence that different components of the TJs can be hijacked by viruses in order to complete their infectious cycle. Viruses from at least nine different families of DNA and RNA viruses have been reported to use TJ proteins in their benefit. For example, TJ proteins such as JAM-A or some members of the claudin family of proteins are used by members of the Reoviridae family and hepatitis C virus as receptors or co-receptors during their entry into their host cells. Reovirus, in addition, takes advantage of the TJ protein Junction Adhesion Molecule-A (JAM-A) to achieve its hematogenous dissemination. Some other viruses are capable of regulating the expression or the localization of TJ proteins to induce cell transformation or to improve the efficiency of their exit process. This review encompasses the importance of TJs for viral entry, replication, dissemination, and egress, and makes a clear statement of the importance of studying these proteins to gain a better understanding of the replication strategies used by viruses that infect epithelial and/or endothelial cells.
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12
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Abstract
Blood group antigens represent polymorphic traits inherited among individuals and populations. At present, there are 34 recognized human blood groups and hundreds of individual blood group antigens and alleles. Differences in blood group antigen expression can increase or decrease host susceptibility to many infections. Blood groups can play a direct role in infection by serving as receptors and/or coreceptors for microorganisms, parasites, and viruses. In addition, many blood group antigens facilitate intracellular uptake, signal transduction, or adhesion through the organization of membrane microdomains. Several blood groups can modify the innate immune response to infection. Several distinct phenotypes associated with increased host resistance to malaria are overrepresented in populations living in areas where malaria is endemic, as a result of evolutionary pressures. Microorganisms can also stimulate antibodies against blood group antigens, including ABO, T, and Kell. Finally, there is a symbiotic relationship between blood group expression and maturation of the gastrointestinal microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cooling
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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13
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Buranda T, Swanson S, Bondu V, Schaefer L, Maclean J, Mo Z, Wycoff K, Belle A, Hjelle B. Equilibrium and kinetics of Sin Nombre hantavirus binding at DAF/CD55 functionalized bead surfaces. Viruses 2014; 6:1091-111. [PMID: 24618810 PMCID: PMC3970141 DOI: 10.3390/v6031091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Decay accelerating factor (DAF/CD55) is targeted by many pathogens for cell entry. It has been implicated as a co-receptor for hantaviruses. To examine the binding of hantaviruses to DAF, we describe the use of Protein G beads for binding human IgG Fc domain-functionalized DAF ((DAF)2-Fc). When mixed with Protein G beads the resulting DAF beads can be used as a generalizable platform for measuring kinetic and equilibrium binding constants of DAF binding targets. The hantavirus interaction has high affinity (24–30 nM; kon ~ 105 M−1s−1, koff ~ 0.0045 s−1). The bivalent (DAF)2-Fc/SNV data agree with hantavirus binding to DAF expressed on Tanoue B cells (Kd = 14.0 nM). Monovalent affinity interaction between SNV and recombinant DAF of 58.0 nM is determined from competition binding. This study serves a dual purpose of presenting a convenient and quantitative approach of measuring binding affinities between DAF and the many cognate viral and bacterial ligands and providing new data on the binding constant of DAF and Sin Nombre hantavirus. Knowledge of the equilibrium binding constant allows for the determination of the relative fractions of bound and free virus particles in cell entry assays. This is important for drug discovery assays for cell entry inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tione Buranda
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, MSC08 4640, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Scarlett Swanson
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, MSC08 4640, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Virginie Bondu
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, MSC08 4640, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Leah Schaefer
- Planet Biotechnology Inc., 25571 Clawiter Road, Hayward, CA 94545, USA.
| | - James Maclean
- Planet Biotechnology Inc., 25571 Clawiter Road, Hayward, CA 94545, USA.
| | - Zhenzhen Mo
- Planet Biotechnology Inc., 25571 Clawiter Road, Hayward, CA 94545, USA.
| | - Keith Wycoff
- Planet Biotechnology Inc., 25571 Clawiter Road, Hayward, CA 94545, USA.
| | - Archana Belle
- Planet Biotechnology Inc., 25571 Clawiter Road, Hayward, CA 94545, USA.
| | - Brian Hjelle
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, MSC08 4640, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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14
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Rana T, Hasan RJ, Nowicki S, Venkatarajan MS, Singh R, Urvil PT, Popov V, Braun WA, Popik W, Goodwin JS, Nowicki BJ. Complement protective epitopes and CD55-microtubule complexes facilitate the invasion and intracellular persistence of uropathogenic Escherichia coli. J Infect Dis 2013; 209:1066-76. [PMID: 24259524 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jit619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Escherichia coli-bearing Dr-adhesins (Dr+ E. coli) cause chronic pyelonephritis in pregnant women and animal models. This chronic renal infection correlates with the capacity of bacteria to invade epithelial cells expressing CD55. The mechanism of infection remains unknown. METHODS CD55 amino acids in the vicinity of binding pocket-Ser155 for Dr-adhesin were mutated to alanine and subjected to temporal gentamicin-invasion/gentamicin-survival assay in Chinese hamster ovary cells. CD55/microtubule (MT) responses were studied using confocal/electron microscopy, and 3-dimensional structure analysis. RESULTS Mutant analysis revealed that complement-protective CD55-Ser165 and CD55-Phe154 epitopes control E. coli invasion by coregulating CD55-MT complex expression. Single-point CD55 mutations changed E. coli to either a minimally invasive (Ser165Ala) or a hypervirulent pathogen (Phe154Ala). Thus, single amino acid modifications with no impact on CD55 structure and bacterial attachment can have a profound impact on E. coli virulence. While CD55-Ser165Ala decreased E. coli invasion and led to dormant intracellular persistence, intracellular E. coli in CD55-Phe154Ala developed elongated forms (multiplying within vacuoles), upregulated CD55-MT complexes, acquired CD55 coat, and escaped phagolysosomal fusion. CONCLUSIONS E. coli target complement-protective CD55 epitopes for invasion and exploit CD55-MT complexes to escape phagolysosomal fusion, leading to a nondestructive parasitism that allows bacteria to persist intracellularly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanu Rana
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
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15
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Tapparel C, Sobo K, Constant S, Huang S, Van Belle S, Kaiser L. Growth and characterization of different human rhinovirus C types in three-dimensional human airway epithelia reconstituted in vitro. Virology 2013; 446:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2013.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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16
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Agrawal T, Sharvani V, Nair D, Medigeshi GR. Japanese encephalitis virus disrupts cell-cell junctions and affects the epithelial permeability barrier functions. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69465. [PMID: 23894488 PMCID: PMC3722119 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a neurotropic flavivirus, which causes viral encephalitis leading to death in about 20-30% of severely-infected people. Although JEV is known to be a neurotropic virus its replication in non-neuronal cells in peripheral tissues is likely to play a key role in viral dissemination and pathogenesis. We have investigated the effect of JEV infection on cellular junctions in a number of non-neuronal cells. We show that JEV affects the permeability barrier functions in polarized epithelial cells at later stages of infection. The levels of some of the tight and adherens junction proteins were reduced in epithelial and endothelial cells and also in hepatocytes. Despite the induction of antiviral response, barrier disruption was not mediated by secreted factors from the infected cells. Localization of tight junction protein claudin-1 was severely perturbed in JEV-infected cells and claudin-1 partially colocalized with JEV in intracellular compartments and targeted for lysosomal degradation. Expression of JEV-capsid alone significantly affected the permeability barrier functions in these cells. Our results suggest that JEV infection modulates cellular junctions in non-neuronal cells and compromises the permeability barrier of epithelial and endothelial cells which may play a role in viral dissemination in peripheral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvi Agrawal
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Research Center, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Gurgaon, India
| | - Vats Sharvani
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Research Center, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Gurgaon, India
| | - Deepa Nair
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Research Center, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Gurgaon, India
| | - Guruprasad R. Medigeshi
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Research Center, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Gurgaon, India
- * E-mail:
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17
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Díaz-Salinas MA, Romero P, Espinosa R, Hoshino Y, López S, Arias CF. The spike protein VP4 defines the endocytic pathway used by rotavirus to enter MA104 cells. J Virol 2013; 87:1658-63. [PMID: 23175367 PMCID: PMC3554179 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02086-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotaviruses are internalized into MA104 cells by endocytosis, with different endocytic pathways used depending on the virus strain. The bovine rotavirus UK strain enters cells through a clathrin-mediated endocytic process, while the simian rhesus rotavirus (RRV) strain uses a poorly defined endocytic pathway that is clathrin and caveolin independent. The viral surface protein VP7 and the spike protein VP4 interact with cellular receptors during cell binding and penetration. To determine the viral protein that defines the mechanism of internalization, we used a panel of UK × RRV reassortant viruses having different combinations of the viral structural proteins. Characterization of the infectivities of these reassortants in MA104 cells either transfected with a small interfering RNA (siRNA) against the heavy chain of clathrin or incubated with hypertonic medium that destabilizes the clathrin coat clearly showed that VP4 determines the pathway of virus entry. Of interest, the characterization of Nar3, a sialic acid-independent variant of RRV, showed that a single amino acid change in VP4 shifts the route of entry from being clathrin dependent to clathrin independent. Furthermore, characterizations of several additional rotavirus strains that differ in their use of cellular receptors showed that all entered cells by clathrin-mediated endocytosis, suggesting that diverse VP4-cell surface interactions can lead to rotavirus cell entry through this endocytic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A. Díaz-Salinas
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Pedro Romero
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Rafaela Espinosa
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Yasutaka Hoshino
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Susana López
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Carlos F. Arias
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, México
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Novoselov AV, Rezaykin AV, Sergeev AG, Fadeyev FA, Grigoryeva JV, Sokolova ZI. A single amino acid substitution controls DAF-dependent phenotype of echovirus 11 in rhabdomyosarcoma cells. Virus Res 2012; 166:87-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2012.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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19
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Abstract
The cell imposes multiple barriers to virus entry. However, viruses exploit fundamental cellular processes to gain entry to cells and deliver their genetic cargo. Virus entry pathways are largely defined by the interactions between virus particles and their receptors at the cell surface. These interactions determine the mechanisms of virus attachment, uptake, intracellular trafficking, and, ultimately, penetration to the cytosol. Elucidating the complex interplay between viruses and their receptors is necessary for a full understanding of how these remarkable agents invade their cellular hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Grove
- Cell Biology Unit, Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK.
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20
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Sobo K, Stuart AD, Rubbia-Brandt L, Brown TDK, McKee TA. Echovirus 11 infection induces dramatic changes in the actin cytoskeleton of polarized Caco-2 cells. J Gen Virol 2011; 93:475-487. [PMID: 22090210 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.037697-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Binding of echovirus 11 strain 207 (EV11-207) to Caco-2 monolayers results in rapid transfer of the virus to tight junctions prior to uptake. Using a confocal microscopy based-method, this study quantified the spatiotemporal distribution of actin during the time course of infection by EV11-207 in Caco-2 polarized cells. It was found that binding of EV11-207 to the apical surface resulted in rapid rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton, concomitant with transport of the virus particles to tight junctions. By interfering with the actin network dynamics, the virus remained trapped at the cell surface, leading to abortion of infection. In addition, it was observed that at 4 h post-infection, concomitant with the detection of virus replication, actin filament was depolymerized and degraded. Finally, it was shown that the mechanisms leading to loss of actin were independent of viral genome synthesis, indicating a potential role for the viral protein synthesis seen in late infection. These data confirmed a previous study on the requirement for an intact actin cytoskeleton for EV11-207 to infect cells and reinforce the notion of actin cytoskeleton subversion by picornaviruses during infection in polarized epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komla Sobo
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK.,Cell Biology Unit, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.,Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Amanda D Stuart
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Laura Rubbia-Brandt
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - T David K Brown
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Thomas A McKee
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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