1
|
James CD, Lewis RL, Fakunmoju AL, Witt AJ, Youssef AH, Wang X, Rais NM, Prabhakar AT, Otoa R, Bristol ML. Fibroblast Stromal Support Model for Predicting Human Papillomavirus-Associated Cancer Drug Responses. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.09.588680. [PMID: 38644998 PMCID: PMC11030318 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.09.588680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Currently, there are no specific antiviral therapeutic approaches targeting Human papillomaviruses (HPVs), which cause around 5% of all human cancers. Specific antiviral reagents are particularly needed for HPV-related oropharyngeal cancers (HPV+OPCs) whose incidence is increasing and for which there are no early diagnostic tools available. We and others have demonstrated that the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is overexpressed in HPV+OPCs, compared to HPV-negative cancers in this region, and that these elevated levels are associated with an improved disease outcome. Utilizing this HPV+ specific overexpression profile, we previously demonstrated that estrogen attenuates the growth and cell viability of HPV+ keratinocytes and HPV+ cancer cells in vitro. Expansion of this work in vivo failed to replicate this sensitization. The role of stromal support from the tumor microenvironment (TME) has previously been tied to both the HPV lifecycle and in vivo therapeutic responses. Our investigations revealed that in vitro co-culture with fibroblasts attenuated HPV+ specific estrogen growth responses. Continuing to monopolize on the HPV+ specific overexpression of ERα, our co-culture models then assessed the suitability of the selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), raloxifene and tamoxifen, and showed growth attenuation in a variety of our models to one or both of these drugs in vitro. Utilization of these SERMs in vivo closely resembled the sensitization predicted by our co-culture models. Therefore, the in vitro fibroblast co-culture model better predicts in vivo responses. We propose that utilization of our co-culture in vitro model can accelerate cancer therapeutic drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire D. James
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Rachel L. Lewis
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Alexis L. Fakunmoju
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Austin J. Witt
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Aya H. Youssef
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Xu Wang
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Nabiha M. Rais
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Apurva Tadimari Prabhakar
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Raymonde Otoa
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Molly L. Bristol
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, Virginia, USA
- VCU Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Trammel J, Amusan O, Hultgren A, Raikhy G, Bodily JM. Epidermal growth factor receptor-dependent stimulation of differentiation by human papillomavirus type 16 E5. Virology 2024; 590:109952. [PMID: 38103269 PMCID: PMC10842332 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.109952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) infect keratinocytes of stratified squamous epithelia, and persistent infection with high-risk HPV types, such as HPV16, may lead to the development of malignancies. HPV evades host immunity in part by linking its gene expression to the host differentiation program, and therefore relies on differentiation to complete its life cycle. Based on previous reports indicating that the HPV16 protein E5 is important in the late stages of the differentiation-dependent life cycle, we found that organotypic cultures harboring HPV16 genomes lacking E5 showed reduced markers of terminal differentiation compared to wild type HPV16-containing cultures. We found that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) levels and activation were increased in an E5-depdendent manner in these tissues, and that EGFR promoted terminal differentiation and expression of the HPV16 L1 gene. These findings suggest a function for E5 in preserving the ability of HPV16 containing keratinocytes to differentiate, thus facilitating the production of new virus progeny.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Trammel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Oluwamuyiwa Amusan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Allison Hultgren
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA; School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Gaurav Raikhy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Jason M Bodily
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Smahel M, Nunvar J. Bioinformatics analysis of immune characteristics in tumors with alternative carcinogenesis pathways induced by human papillomaviruses. Virol J 2023; 20:287. [PMID: 38049810 PMCID: PMC10696676 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02241-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) induce a subset of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) and anogenital cancers, particularly cervical cancer (CC). The major viral proteins that contribute to tumorigenesis are the E6 and E7 oncoproteins, whose expression is usually enhanced after the integration of viral DNA into the host genome. Recently, an alternative tumorigenesis pathway has been suggested in approximately half of HNSCC and CC cases associated with HPV infection. This pathway is characterized by extrachromosomal HPV persistence and increased expression of the viral E2, E4, and E5 genes. The E6, E7, E5, and E2 proteins have been shown to modify the expression of numerous cellular immune-related genes. The antitumor immune response is a critical factor in the prognosis of HPV-driven cancers, and its characterization may contribute to the prediction and personalization of the increasingly used cancer immunotherapy. METHODS We analyzed the immune characteristics of HPV-dependent tumors and their association with carcinogenesis types. Transcriptomic HNSCC and CC datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas were used for this analysis. RESULTS Clustering with immune-related genes resulted in two clusters of HPV16-positive squamous cell carcinomas in both tumor types: cluster 1 had higher activation of immune responses, including stimulation of the antigen processing and presentation pathway, which was associated with higher immune cell infiltration and better overall survival, and cluster 2 was characterized by keratinization. In CC, the distribution of tumor samples into clusters 1 and 2 did not depend on the level of E2/E5 expression, but in HNSCC, most E2/E5-high tumors were localized in cluster 1 and E2/E5-low tumors in cluster 2. Further analysis did not reveal any association between the E2/E5 levels and the expression of immune-related genes. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that while the detection of immune responses associated with preserved expression of genes encoding components of antigen processing and presentation machinery in HPV-driven tumors may be markers of better prognosis and an important factor in therapy selection, the type of carcinogenesis does not seem to play a decisive role in the induction of antitumor immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Smahel
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, 252 50, Vestec, Czech Republic.
| | - Jaroslav Nunvar
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, 252 50, Vestec, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ye J, Zheng L, He Y, Qi X. Human papillomavirus associated cervical lesion: pathogenesis and therapeutic interventions. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e368. [PMID: 37719443 PMCID: PMC10501338 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most prevalent sexually transmitted virus globally. Persistent high-risk HPV infection can result in cervical precancerous lesions and cervical cancer, with 70% of cervical cancer cases associated with high-risk types HPV16 and 18. HPV infection imposes a significant financial and psychological burden. Therefore, studying methods to eradicate HPV infection and halt the progression of precancerous lesions remains crucial. This review comprehensively explores the mechanisms underlying HPV-related cervical lesions, including the viral life cycle, immune factors, epithelial cell malignant transformation, and host and environmental contributing factors. Additionally, we provide a comprehensive overview of treatment methods for HPV-related cervical precancerous lesions and cervical cancer. Our focus is on immunotherapy, encompassing HPV therapeutic vaccines, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and advanced adoptive T cell therapy. Furthermore, we summarize the commonly employed drugs and other nonsurgical treatments currently utilized in clinical practice for managing HPV infection and associated cervical lesions. Gene editing technology is currently undergoing clinical research and, although not yet employed officially in clinical treatment of cervical lesions, numerous preclinical studies have substantiated its efficacy. Therefore, it holds promise as a precise treatment strategy for HPV-related cervical lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiatian Ye
- Department of Gynecology and ObstetricsKey Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Lan Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Lab MedicineUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Yuedong He
- Department of Gynecology and ObstetricsKey Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xiaorong Qi
- Department of Gynecology and ObstetricsKey Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen B, Zhao L, Yang R, Xu T. Advances in molecular mechanism of HPV16 E5 oncoprotein carcinogenesis. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 745:109716. [PMID: 37553047 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
For a considerable duration, cervical cancer has posed a significant risk to the well-being and survival of women. The emergence and progression of cervical cancer have garnered extensive attention, with prolonged chronic infection of HPV serving as a crucial etiological factor. Consequently, investigating the molecular mechanism underlying HPV-induced cervical cancer has become a prominent research area. The HPV molecule is composed of a long control region (LCR), an early coding region and a late coding region.The early coding region encompasses E1, E2, E4, E5, E6, E7, while the late coding region comprises L1 and L2 ORF.The investigation into the molecular structure and function of HPV has garnered significant attention, with the aim of elucidating the carcinogenic mechanism of HPV and identifying potential targets for the treatment of cervical cancer. Research has demonstrated that the HPV gene and its encoded protein play a crucial role in the invasion and malignant transformation of host cells. Consequently, understanding the function of HPV oncoprotein is of paramount importance in comprehending the pathogenesis of cervical cancer. E6 and E7, the primary HPV oncogenic proteins, have been the subject of extensive study. Moreover, a number of contemporary investigations have demonstrated the significant involvement of HPV16 E5 oncoprotein in the malignant conversion of healthy cells through its regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis via diverse pathways, albeit the precise molecular mechanism remains unclear. This manuscript aims to provide a comprehensive account of the molecular structure and life cycle of HPV.The HPV E5 oncoprotein mechanism modulates cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and energy metabolism through its interaction with cell growth factor receptors and other cellular proteins. This mechanism is crucial for the survival, adhesion, migration, and invasion of tumor cells in the early stages of carcinogenesis. Recent studies have identified the HPV E5 oncoprotein as a promising therapeutic target for early-stage cervical cancer, thus offering a novel approach for treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biqing Chen
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Liping Zhao
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Rulin Yang
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tianmin Xu
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Miyauchi S, Kim SS, Jones RN, Zhang L, Guram K, Sharma S, Schoenberger SP, Cohen EEW, Califano JA, Sharabi AB. Human papillomavirus E5 suppresses immunity via inhibition of the immunoproteasome and STING pathway. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112508. [PMID: 37171962 PMCID: PMC10789500 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The role that human papillomavirus (HPV) oncogenes play in suppressing responses to immunotherapy in cancer deserves further investigation. In particular, the effects of HPV E5 remain poorly understood relative to E6 and E7. Here, we demonstrate that HPV E5 is a negative regulator of anti-viral interferon (IFN) response pathways, antigen processing, and antigen presentation. Using head and neck cancer as a model, we identify that E5 decreases expression and function of the immunoproteasome and that the immunoproteasome, but not the constitutive proteasome, is associated with improved overall survival in patients. Moreover, immunopeptidome analysis reveals that HPV E5 restricts the repertoire of antigens presented on the cell surface, likely contributing to immune escape. Mechanistically, we discover a direct interaction between E5 and stimulator of interferon genes (STING), which suppresses downstream IFN signaling. Taken together, these findings identify a powerful molecular mechanism by which HPV E5 limits immune detection and mediates resistance to immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sayuri Miyauchi
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sangwoo S Kim
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Riley N Jones
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kripa Guram
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sonia Sharma
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Ezra E W Cohen
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Joseph A Califano
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Andrew B Sharabi
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
White MC, Wu X, Damania B. Oncogenic viruses, cancer biology, and innate immunity. Curr Opin Immunol 2022; 78:102253. [PMID: 36240666 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2022.102253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Malignancies that arise as a result of viral infection account for roughly 15% of cancer cases worldwide. The innate immune system is the body's first line of defense against oncogenic viral infection and is also involved in the response against viral-driven tumors. In this review, we discuss research advances made over the last five years elucidating how the innate immune system recognizes and responds to oncogenic viruses, how these viruses have evolved to escape this immune pressure, and ways that innate immunity can inform the development of novel therapeutics against oncogenic viral infection and their associated cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria C White
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Xinjun Wu
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Blossom Damania
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Blanco R, Carrillo-Beltrán D, Corvalán AH, Aguayo F. High-Risk Human Papillomavirus and Epstein-Barr Virus Coinfection: A Potential Role in Head and Neck Carcinogenesis. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10121232. [PMID: 34943147 PMCID: PMC8698839 DOI: 10.3390/biology10121232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary A subset of carcinomas that arise in the head and neck region show a viral etiology. In fact, a subgroup of oropharyngeal cancers are caused by some types of human papillomavirus (HPV), so-called high-risk (HR)-HPVs, whereas undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinomas are etiologically related to Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). However, studies have reported the presence of both HR-HPV and EBV in some types of head and neck cancers. In this review, we discuss the potential contribution and role of HR-HPV/EBV coinfection in head and neck carcinogenesis, as well as the mechanisms that are potentially involved. In addition, HR-HPV/EBV interaction models are proposed. Abstract High-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs) and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) are recognized oncogenic viruses involved in the development of a subset of head and neck cancers (HNCs). HR-HPVs are etiologically associated with a subset of oropharyngeal carcinomas (OPCs), whereas EBV is a recognized etiological agent of undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPCs). In this review, we address epidemiological and mechanistic evidence regarding a potential cooperation between HR-HPV and EBV for HNC development. Considering that: (1) both HR-HPV and EBV infections require cofactors for carcinogenesis; and (2) both oropharyngeal and oral epithelium can be directly exposed to carcinogens, such as alcohol or tobacco smoke, we hypothesize possible interaction mechanisms. The epidemiological and experimental evidence suggests that HR-HPV/EBV cooperation for developing a subset of HNCs is plausible and warrants further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rancés Blanco
- Programa de Virología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (R.B.); (D.C.-B.)
| | - Diego Carrillo-Beltrán
- Programa de Virología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (R.B.); (D.C.-B.)
| | - Alejandro H. Corvalán
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile;
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gusho E, Laimins L. Human Papillomaviruses Target the DNA Damage Repair and Innate Immune Response Pathways to Allow for Persistent Infection. Viruses 2021; 13:1390. [PMID: 34372596 PMCID: PMC8310235 DOI: 10.3390/v13071390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) is the major risk factor associated with development of anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers. Initial infection by HPVs occurs into basal epithelial cells where viral genomes are established as nuclear episomes and persist until cleared by the immune response. Productive replication or amplification occurs upon differentiation and is dependent upon activation of the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM), ataxia telangiectasia and RAD3-related (ATR) DNA damage repair (DDR) pathways. In addition to activating DDR pathways, HPVs must escape innate immune surveillance mechanisms by antagonizing sensors, adaptors, interferons and antiviral gene expression. Both DDR and innate immune pathways are key host mechanisms that crosstalk with each other to maintain homeostasis of cells persistently infected with HPVs. Interestingly, it is still not fully understood why some HPV infections get cleared while others do not. Targeting of these two processes with antiviral therapies may provide opportunities for treatment of cancers caused by high-risk HPVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Laimonis Laimins
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Amjad E, Sokouti B, Asnaashari S. A hybrid systems biology and systems pharmacology investigation of Zingerone's effects on reconstructed human epidermal tissues. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2021; 22:90. [PMID: 36820091 PMCID: PMC8666180 DOI: 10.1186/s43042-021-00204-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As individuals live longer, elderly populations can be expected to face issues. This pattern urges researchers to investigate the aging concept further to produce successful anti-aging agents. In the current study, the effects of Zingerone (a natural compound) on epidermal tissues were analyzed using a bioinformatics approach. Methods For this purpose, we chose the GEO dataset GSE133338 to carry out the systems biology and systems pharmacology approaches, ranging from identifying the differentially expressed genes to analyzing the gene ontology, determining similar structures of Zingerone and their features (i.e., anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and skin disorders), constructing the gene-chemicals network, analyzing gene-disease relationships, and validating significant genes through the evidence presented in the literature. Results The post-processing of the microarray dataset identified thirteen essential genes among control and Zingerone-treated samples. The procedure revealed various structurally similar chemical and herbal compounds with possible skin-related effects. Additionally, we studied the relationships of differentially expressed genes with skin-related diseases and validated their direct connections with skin disorders the evidence available in the literature. Also, the analysis of the microarray profiling dataset revealed the critical role of interleukins as a part of the cytokines family on skin aging progress. Conclusions Zingerone, and potentially any constituents of Zingerone (e.g., their similar compound scan functionality), can be used as therapeutic agents in managing skin disorders such as skin aging. However, the beneficial effects of Zingerone should be assessed in other models (i.e., human or animal) in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elham Amjad
- grid.412888.f0000 0001 2174 8913Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Babak Sokouti
- grid.412888.f0000 0001 2174 8913Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Solmaz Asnaashari
- grid.412888.f0000 0001 2174 8913Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Manipulation of JAK/STAT Signalling by High-Risk HPVs: Potential Therapeutic Targets for HPV-Associated Malignancies. Viruses 2020; 12:v12090977. [PMID: 32899142 PMCID: PMC7552066 DOI: 10.3390/v12090977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are small, DNA viruses that cause around 5% of all cancers in humans, including almost all cervical cancer cases and a significant proportion of anogenital and oral cancers. The HPV oncoproteins E5, E6 and E7 manipulate cellular signalling pathways to evade the immune response and promote virus persistence. The Janus Kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway has emerged as a key mediator in a wide range of important biological signalling pathways, including cell proliferation, cell survival and the immune response. While STAT1 and STAT2 primarily drive immune signalling initiated by interferons, STAT3 and STAT5 have widely been linked to the survival and proliferative potential of a number of cancers. As such, the inhibition of STAT3 and STAT5 may offer a therapeutic benefit in HPV-associated cancers. In this review, we will discuss how HPV manipulates JAK/STAT signalling to evade the immune system and promote cell proliferation, enabling viral persistence and driving cancer development. We also discuss approaches to inhibit the JAK/STAT pathway and how these could potentially be used in the treatment of HPV-associated disease.
Collapse
|