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Heidarnejad F, Bolhassani A, Ajdary S, Milani A, Sadeghi SA. Investigation of Immunostimulatory Effects of IFN-γ Cytokine and CD40 Ligand Costimulatory Molecule for Development of HIV-1 Therapeutic Vaccine Candidate. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300402. [PMID: 37840398 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The most crucial disadvantage of DNA-based vaccines is their low immunogenicity; therefore, finding an effectual adjuvant is essential for their development. Herein, immunostimulatory effects of IFNγ cytokine and a CD40 ligand (CD40L) costimulatory molecule are evaluated as combined with an antigen, and also linked to an antigen in mice. For this purpose, after preparation of the HIV-1 Nef, IFNγ, and CD40L DNA constructs, and also their recombinant protein in an Escherichia coli expression system, nine groups of female BALB/c mice are immunized with different regimens of DNA constructs. About 3 weeks and also 3 months after the last injection, humoral and cellular immune responses are assessed in mice sera and splenocytes. Additionally, mice splenocytes are exposed to single-cycle replicable (SCR) HIV-1 virions for evaluating their potency in the secretion of cytokines in vitro. The data indicate that the linkage of IFNγ and CD40L to Nef antigen can significantly induce the Th-1 pathway and activate cytotoxic T lymphocytes compared to other regimens. Moreover, groups receiving the IFNγ-Nef and CD40L-Nef fusion DNA constructs show higher secretion of IFNγ and TNF-α from virion-infected lymphocytes than other groups. Therefore, the IFNγ-Nef and CD40L-Nef fusion DNA constructs are suggested to be a potential option for development of an efficient HIV-1 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Heidarnejad
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1316943551, Iran
| | - Azam Bolhassani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1316943551, Iran
| | - Soheila Ajdary
- Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1316943551, Iran
| | - Alireza Milani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1316943551, Iran
- Iranian Comprehensive Hemophilia Care Center, Tehran, 1415863675, Iran
| | - Seyed Amir Sadeghi
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1316943551, Iran
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2
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Van Zandt AR, MacLean AG. Advances in HIV therapeutics and cure strategies: findings obtained through non-human primate studies. J Neurovirol 2023; 29:389-399. [PMID: 37635184 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-023-01162-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the main contributor of the ongoing AIDS epidemic, remains one of the most challenging and complex viruses to target and eradicate due to frequent genome mutation and immune evasion. Despite the development of potent antiretroviral therapies, HIV remains an incurable infection as the virus persists in latent reservoirs throughout the body. To innovate a safe and effective cure strategy for HIV in humans, animal models are needed to better understand viral proliferation, disease progression, and therapeutic response. Nonhuman primates infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) provide an ideal model to study HIV infection and pathogenesis as they are closely related to humans genetically and express phenotypically similar immune systems. Examining the clinical outcomes of novel treatment strategies within nonhuman primates facilitates our understanding of HIV latency and advances the development of a true cure to HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison R Van Zandt
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Training Program, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Andrew G MacLean
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA.
- Biomedical Sciences Training Program, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
- Tulane Brain Institute, New Orleans, LA, USA.
- Tulane Center for Aging, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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3
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Yaseen MM, Abuharfeil NM, Darmani H. The impact of MDSCs on the efficacy of preventive and therapeutic HIV vaccines. Cell Immunol 2021; 369:104440. [PMID: 34560382 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2021.104440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In spite of four decades of research on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the virus remains a major health problem, affecting tens of millions of people around the world. As such, developing an effective preventive/protective and therapeutic vaccines against HIV are essential to prevent/limit the continuous spread of the virus as well as to control the disease progression and to completely eradicate the virus from HIV infected patients, respectively. There are several factors that have impeded the development of such vaccines, and we need to gain further insight into these factors in order to enhance our knowledge concerning the proper immune activation pathways in the hope of accelerating the development of the highly sought-after vaccine. Recently, new immune cell populations, namely the myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), were added to the battle of HIV infection. Indeed, MDSCs seem to play a central role in determining the efficacy of therapeutic and preventive vaccines, especially because vaccines, in general, enhance immune responses, while as a potent immunosuppressor cell population, MDSCs, in turn, subvert and limit the activation of immune responses. Hence, in this work, we sought to address the role of MDSCs in the context of preventive/protective, as well as, therapeutic HIV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Mohammad Yaseen
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
| | - Nizar Mohammad Abuharfeil
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Homa Darmani
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
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D'Souza MP, Palin AC, Calder T, Golding H, Kleinstein SH, Milliken EL, O'Connor D, Tomaras G, Warren J, Boggiano C. Mind the gap from research laboratory to clinic: Challenges and opportunities for next-generation assays in human diseases. Vaccine 2021; 39:5233-5239. [PMID: 34366145 PMCID: PMC8343370 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.07.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Modern vaccinology has experienced major conceptual and technological advances over the past 30 years. These include atomic-level structures driving immunogen design, new vaccine delivery methods, powerful adjuvants, and novel animal models. In addition, utilizing advanced assays to learn how the immune system senses a pathogen and orchestrates protective immunity has been critical in the design of effective vaccines and therapeutics. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health convened a workshop in September 2020 focused on next generation assays for vaccine development (Table 1). The workshop focused on four critical pathogens: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)—which have no licensed vaccines—and tuberculosis (TB) and influenza—both of which are in critical need of improved vaccines. The goal was to share progress and lessons learned, and to identify any commonalities that can be leveraged to design vaccines and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Patricia D'Souza
- Vaccine Clinical Research Branch, Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, MD, USA.
| | - Amy C Palin
- Vaccine Clinical Research Branch, Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Thomas Calder
- Office of the Director, Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Hana Golding
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Steven H Kleinstein
- Interdepartmental Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Pathology and Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - David O'Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Georgia Tomaras
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jon Warren
- Pre-clinical Research and Development Branch, Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Cesar Boggiano
- Pre-clinical Research and Development Branch, Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, MD, USA
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5
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Guerriero KA, Murnane RD, Lewis TB, Brown B, Baldessari A, Jeffery DA, Malinowski CM, Fuller DH, O'Connor MA. Recrudescence of Natural Coccidioidomycosis During Combination Antiretroviral Therapy in a Pigtail Macaque Experimentally Infected with Simian Immunodeficiency Virus. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2021; 37:505-509. [PMID: 33356854 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2020.0228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Coccidioidomycosis is a common fungal infection in people living with HIV-1, particularly in southwest regions of the United States where the Coccidioides sp. is endemic, but rates of infection have significantly declined in the era of potent combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Natural coccidioidomycosis also occurs in outdoor-housed macaques residing in the southwestern states that are utilized in biomedical research. Here, we report on a recrudescent case of previously treated, naturally occurring coccidioidomycosis in a pigtail macaque that was experimentally infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and virally suppressed on cART. Coccidioides IgG antibody titer became detectable before discontinuation of cART, but symptomatic coccidioidomycosis developed subsequent to cART withdrawal. This animal was screened and treated in accordance with the guidelines for the prevention and treatment of coccidioidomycosis, suggesting that macaques with a history of coccidioidomycosis should be excluded from enrollment in HIV studies. Continual monitoring for known endemic pathogens based on the colony of origin is also recommended for animals utilized for HIV/AIDS research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert D. Murnane
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Thomas B. Lewis
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Brieann Brown
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Audrey Baldessari
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Dean A. Jeffery
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Deborah H. Fuller
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Megan A. O'Connor
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Comments on the ambiguity of selected surface markers, signaling pathways and omics profiles hampering the identification of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Cell Immunol 2021; 364:104347. [PMID: 33838447 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2021.104347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are important immune-regulatory cells but their identification remains difficult. Here, we provide a critical view on selected surface markers, transcriptional and translational pathways commonly used to identify MDSC by specific, their developmental origin and new possibilities by transcriptional or proteomic profiling. Discrimination of MDSC from their non-suppressive counterparts is a prerequisite for the development of successful therapies. Understanding the switch mechanisms that direct granulocytic and monocytic development into a pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory direction will be crucial for therapeutic strategies. Manipulation of these myeloid checkpoints are exploited by tumors and pathogens, such as M. tuberculosis (Mtb), HIV or SARS-CoV-2, that induce MDSC for immune evasion. Thus, specific markers for MDSC identification may reveal also novel molecular candidates for therapeutic intervention at the level of MDSC.
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Green WR, O'Connor MA. HIV vaccines: Unmasking myeloid derived suppressor cells. EBioMedicine 2020; 61:103063. [PMID: 33038766 PMCID: PMC7553988 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.103063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- William R Green
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth. Lebanon, NH 03756, United States
| | - Megan A O'Connor
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98109, United States; Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA 98195, United States.
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The Impact of Dietary Supplementation of Whole Foods and Polyphenols on Atherosclerosis. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12072069. [PMID: 32664664 PMCID: PMC7400924 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to highlight current research on the benefits of supplementation with foods with a diverse polyphenol composition, including fruits, vegetables, nuts, grains, oils, spices, and teas in blunting atherosclerosis. We searched PubMed for publications utilizing whole food or polyphenols prepared from whole foods in Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) or Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor (LDLR) knockout mice, and identified 73 studies in which plaque was measured. The majority of the studies reported a reduction in plaque. Nine interventions showed no effect, while three using Agaricus blazei mushroom, HYJA-ri-4 rice variety, and safrole-2', 3'-oxide (SFO) increased plaque. The mechanisms by which atherosclerosis was reduced include improved lipid profile, antioxidant status, and cholesterol clearance, and reduced inflammation. Importantly, not all dietary interventions that reduce plaque showed an improvement in lipid profile. Additionally, we found that, out of 73 studies, only 9 used female mice and only 6 compared both sexes. Only one study compared the two models (LDLR vs. ApoE), showing that the treatment worked in one but not the other. Not all supplementations work in both male and female animals, suggesting that increasing the variety of foods with different polyphenol compositions may be more effective in mitigating atherosclerosis.
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