1
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Eichholz K, Fukazawa Y, Peterson CW, Haeseleer F, Medina M, Hoffmeister S, Duell DM, Varco-Merth BD, Dross S, Park H, Labriola CS, Axthelm MK, Murnane RD, Smedley JV, Jin L, Gong J, Rust BJ, Fuller DH, Kiem HP, Picker LJ, Okoye AA, Corey L. Anti-PD-1 chimeric antigen receptor T cells efficiently target SIV-infected CD4+ T cells in germinal centers. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e169309. [PMID: 38557496 PMCID: PMC10977982 DOI: 10.1172/jci169309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is an immune checkpoint marker commonly expressed on memory T cells and enriched in latently HIV-infected CD4+ T cells. We engineered an anti-PD-1 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) to assess the impact of PD-1 depletion on viral reservoirs and rebound dynamics in SIVmac239-infected rhesus macaques (RMs). Adoptive transfer of anti-PD-1 CAR T cells was done in 2 SIV-naive and 4 SIV-infected RMs on antiretroviral therapy (ART). In 3 of 6 RMs, anti-PD-1 CAR T cells expanded and persisted for up to 100 days concomitant with the depletion of PD-1+ memory T cells in blood and tissues, including lymph node CD4+ follicular helper T (TFH) cells. Loss of TFH cells was associated with depletion of detectable SIV RNA from the germinal center (GC). However, following CAR T infusion and ART interruption, there was a marked increase in SIV replication in extrafollicular portions of lymph nodes, a 2-log higher plasma viremia relative to controls, and accelerated disease progression associated with the depletion of CD8+ memory T cells. These data indicate anti-PD-1 CAR T cells depleted PD-1+ T cells, including GC TFH cells, and eradicated SIV from this immunological sanctuary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Eichholz
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Yoshinori Fukazawa
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center (ONPRC), Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Christopher W. Peterson
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and
| | - Francoise Haeseleer
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Manuel Medina
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center (ONPRC), Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Shelby Hoffmeister
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center (ONPRC), Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Derick M. Duell
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center (ONPRC), Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Benjamin D. Varco-Merth
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center (ONPRC), Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Sandra Dross
- Washington National Primate Research Center (WaNPRC), Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Haesun Park
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center (ONPRC), Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Caralyn S. Labriola
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center (ONPRC), Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Michael K. Axthelm
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center (ONPRC), Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Robert D. Murnane
- Washington National Primate Research Center (WaNPRC), Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jeremy V. Smedley
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center (ONPRC), Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Lei Jin
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jiaxin Gong
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Blake J. Rust
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Deborah H. Fuller
- Washington National Primate Research Center (WaNPRC), Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Hans-Peter Kiem
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Louis J. Picker
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center (ONPRC), Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Afam A. Okoye
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center (ONPRC), Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Lawrence Corey
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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2
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Cohen AA, Keeffe JR, Schiepers A, Dross SE, Greaney AJ, Rorick AV, Gao H, Gnanapragasam PN, Fan C, West AP, Ramsingh AI, Erasmus JH, Pata JD, Muramatsu H, Pardi N, Lin PJ, Baxter S, Cruz R, Quintanar-Audelo M, Robb E, Serrano-Amatriain C, Magneschi L, Fotheringham IG, Fuller DH, Victora GD, Bjorkman PJ. Mosaic sarbecovirus vaccination elicits cross-reactive responses in pre-immunized animals. bioRxiv 2024:2024.02.08.576722. [PMID: 38370696 PMCID: PMC10871317 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.08.576722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Immunization with mosaic-8b [60-mer nanoparticles presenting 8 SARS-like betacoronavirus (sarbecovirus) receptor-binding domains (RBDs)] elicits more broadly cross-reactive antibodies than homotypic SARS-CoV-2 RBD-only nanoparticles and protects against sarbecoviruses. To investigate original antigenic sin (OAS) effects on mosaic-8b efficacy, we evaluated effects of prior COVID-19 vaccinations in non-human primates and mice on sarbecovirus response breadths elicited by mosaic-8b, admix-8b (8 homotypics), and homotypic SARS-CoV-2, finding greatest cross-reactivity for mosaic-8b. As demonstrated by molecular fate-mapping in which antibodies derived from specific cohorts of B cells are differentially detected, B cells primed by WA1 spike mRNA-LNP dominated antibody responses after RBD-nanoparticle boosting. While mosaic-8b- and homotypic-nanoparticles boosted cross-reactive antibodies, de novo antibodies were predominantly induced with mosaic-8b boosting, and these were specific for variant RBDs with increased identity to RBDs on mosaic-8b. These results inform OAS mechanisms and support using mosaic-8b to protect COVID-19 vaccinated/infected humans against as-yet-unknown SARS-CoV-2 variants and animal sarbecoviruses with human spillover potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A. Cohen
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Jennifer R. Keeffe
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Ariën Schiepers
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Sandra E. Dross
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | - Allison J. Greaney
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Annie V. Rorick
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Han Gao
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | | | - Chengcheng Fan
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Anthony P. West
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | | | | | - Janice D. Pata
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, NY, 12201, USA
| | - Hiromi Muramatsu
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Norbert Pardi
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | - Scott Baxter
- Ingenza Ltd, Roslin Innovation Centre, Charnock Bradley Building, Roslin, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Rita Cruz
- Ingenza Ltd, Roslin Innovation Centre, Charnock Bradley Building, Roslin, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Martina Quintanar-Audelo
- Ingenza Ltd, Roslin Innovation Centre, Charnock Bradley Building, Roslin, EH25 9RG, UK
- Present address: Centre for Inflammation Research and Institute of Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Ellis Robb
- Ingenza Ltd, Roslin Innovation Centre, Charnock Bradley Building, Roslin, EH25 9RG, UK
| | | | - Leonardo Magneschi
- Ingenza Ltd, Roslin Innovation Centre, Charnock Bradley Building, Roslin, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Ian G. Fotheringham
- Ingenza Ltd, Roslin Innovation Centre, Charnock Bradley Building, Roslin, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Deborah H. Fuller
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | - Gabriel D. Victora
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Pamela J. Bjorkman
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Lead contact
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3
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Tisoncik-Go J, Voss KM, Lewis TB, Muruato AE, Kuller L, Finn EE, Betancourt D, Wangari S, Ahrens J, Iwayama N, Grant RF, Murnane RD, Edlefsen PT, Fuller DH, Barber GN, Gale M, O’Connor MA. Evaluation of the immunogenicity and efficacy of an rVSV vaccine against Zika virus infection in macaca nemestrina. Front Virol 2023; 3:1108420. [PMID: 37383986 PMCID: PMC10306241 DOI: 10.3389/fviro.2023.1108420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that causes an acute febrile illness. ZIKV can be transmitted between sexual partners and from mother to fetus. Infection is strongly associated with neurologic complications in adults, including Guillain-Barré syndrome and myelitis, and congenital ZIKV infection can result in fetal injury and congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). Development of an effective vaccine is imperative to protect against ZIKV vertical transmission and CZS. Recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis virus (rVSV) is a highly effective and safe vector for the delivery of foreign immunogens for vaccine purposes. Here, we evaluate an rVSV vaccine expressing the full length pre-membrane (prM) and ZIKV envelope (E) proteins (VSV-ZprME), shown to be immunogenic in murine models of ZIKV infection, for its capacity to induce immune responses in nonhuman primates. Moreover, we assess the efficacy of the rVSVΔM-ZprME vaccine in the protection of pigtail macaques against ZIKV infection. Administration of the rVSVΔM-ZprME vaccine was safe, but it did not induce robust anti-ZIKV T-cell responses, IgM or IgG antibodies, or neutralizing antibodies in most animals. Post ZIKV challenge, animals that received the rVSVΔM control vaccine lacking ZIKV antigen had higher levels of plasma viremia compared to animals that received the rVSVΔM-ZprME vaccine. Anti-ZIKV neutralizing Ab titers were detected in a single animal that received the rVSVΔM-ZprME vaccine that was associated with reduced plasma viremia. The overall suboptimal ZIKV-specific cellular and humoral responses post-immunization indicates the rVSVΔM-ZprME vaccine did not elicit an immune response in this pilot study. However, recall antibody response to the rVSVΔM-ZprME vaccine indicates it may be immunogenic and further developments to the vaccine construct could enhance its potential as a vaccine candidate in a nonhuman primate pre-clinical model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Tisoncik-Go
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Center for innate immunity and immune disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Kathleen M. Voss
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Center for innate immunity and immune disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Thomas B. Lewis
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Antonio E. Muruato
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - LaRene Kuller
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Eric E. Finn
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Dillon Betancourt
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | | | - Joel Ahrens
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Naoto Iwayama
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Robert D. Murnane
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Paul T. Edlefsen
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Deborah H. Fuller
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Glen N. Barber
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Michael Gale
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Center for innate immunity and immune disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Megan A. O’Connor
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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4
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Li M, Li A, Huang H, Munson J, Obadan A, Fuller DH, Waldorf KMA. Impact of progesterone on innate immunity and cell death after influenza A virus H1N1 2009 infection of lung and placental cells in vitro. Front Virol 2022; 2:953208. [PMID: 36713466 PMCID: PMC9879262 DOI: 10.3389/fviro.2022.953208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The influenza A virus (IAV) 2009 H1N1 pandemic was associated with an increased risk of maternal mortality, preterm birth, and stillbirth. The underlying mechanism for severe maternal lung disease and stillbirth is incompletely understood, but IAV infection is known to activate innate immunity triggering the release of cytokines. Elucidating the impact of progesterone (P4), a key hormone elevated in pregnancy, on the innate immune and inflammatory response to IAV infection is a critical step in understanding the pathogenesis of adverse maternal-fetal outcomes. IAV H1N1 pdm/09 was used to infect cell lines Calu-3 (lung adenoma) and ACH-3P (extravillous trophoblast) with or without P4 (100 nM) at multiplicity of infections (MOI) 0, 0.5, and 3. Cells were harvested at 24 and 48 hours post infection (hpi) and analyzed for cytopathic effects (CPE), replicating virus (TCID50), cytotoxicity (Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) assay), and NLRP3 inflammasome activation (caspase-1 activity, fluorometric assay). Activation of antiviral innate immunity was quantified (RT-qPCR, Luminex) by measuring biomarker gene and protein expression of innate immune activation (IFIT1, IFNB), inflammation (IL6), interferon signaling (MXA), chemokines (IL-8, IL-10). Both Calu-3 and ACH-3P were highly permissible to IAV infection at each timepoint as demonstrated by CPE and recovery of replicating virus. In Calu-3, progesterone treatment was associated with a significant increase in cytotoxicity, increased gene expression of IL6, and increased protein expression of IFN-β, IL-6, and IL-18. Conversely, in ACH-3P, progesterone treatment was associated with significantly suppressed cytotoxicity, decreased gene expression of IFNB, IL6 and IL1B, and increased protein expression of IFN-β and IL-6. In both cell lines, caspase-1 activity was significantly decreased after progesterone treatment, indicating NLRP3 inflammasome activation was not underlying the higher cell death in Calu-3. In summary, these data provide evidence that progesterone plays a dual role by ameliorating viral infection in the placenta but exacerbating influenza A virus-associated injury in the lung through nongenomic modulation of the innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Washington, United States of America
| | - Amanda Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Washington, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Hazel Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Washington, United States of America
| | - Jeff Munson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Adebimpe Obadan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Deborah H. Fuller
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kristina M. Adams Waldorf
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Washington, United States of America
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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5
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Walls AC, VanBlargan LA, Wu K, Choi A, Navarro MJ, Lee D, Avena L, Berrueta DM, Pham MN, Elbashir S, Kraft JC, Miranda MC, Kepl E, Johnson M, Blackstone A, Sprouse K, Fiala B, O’Connor MA, Brunette N, Arunachalam PS, Shirreff L, Rogers K, Carter L, Fuller DH, Villinger F, Pulendran B, Diamond MS, Edwards DK, King NP, Veesler D. Distinct sensitivities to SARS-CoV-2 variants in vaccinated humans and mice. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111299. [PMID: 35988541 PMCID: PMC9376299 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 2019 has led to the development of a large number of vaccines, several of which are now approved for use in humans. Understanding vaccine-elicited antibody responses against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) in real time is key to inform public health policies. Serum neutralizing antibody titers are the current best correlate of protection from SARS-CoV-2 challenge in non-human primates and a key metric to understand immune evasion of VOCs. We report that vaccinated BALB/c mice do not recapitulate faithfully the breadth and potency of neutralizing antibody responses elicited by various vaccine platforms against VOCs, compared with non-human primates or humans, suggesting caution should be exercised when interpreting data obtained with this animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C. Walls
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA,Corresponding author
| | - Laura A. VanBlargan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kai Wu
- Moderna Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Mary Jane Navarro
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | | | | | - Minh N. Pham
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA,Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - John C. Kraft
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA,Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Marcos C. Miranda
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA,Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Elizabeth Kepl
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA,Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Max Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA,Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Alyssa Blackstone
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA,Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Kaitlin Sprouse
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Brooke Fiala
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA,Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Megan A. O’Connor
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA,Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | - Natalie Brunette
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA,Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Prabhu S. Arunachalam
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lisa Shirreff
- New Iberia Research Center and Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, LA 70560, USA
| | - Kenneth Rogers
- New Iberia Research Center and Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, LA 70560, USA
| | - Lauren Carter
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA,Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Deborah H. Fuller
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA,Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | - Francois Villinger
- New Iberia Research Center and Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, LA 70560, USA
| | - Bali Pulendran
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael S. Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA,Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA,The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Neil P. King
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA,Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - David Veesler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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6
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Fuller DH, O'Connor MA. Letter to the Editor: Prior Infection with Coccidioidomycosis in Nonhuman Primates and Impact on Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Disease and Vaccine Immunogenicity. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2022; 38:347-349. [PMID: 35172614 PMCID: PMC9131037 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2021.0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah H. Fuller
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Megan A. O'Connor
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Address correspondence to: Megan A. O'Connor, Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, 750 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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7
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Willcox AC, Sung K, Garrett ME, Galloway JG, Erasmus JH, Logue JK, Hawman DW, Chu HY, Hasenkrug KJ, Fuller DH, Matsen IV FA, Overbaugh J. Detailed analysis of antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and infection in macaques. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010155. [PMID: 35404959 PMCID: PMC9022802 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Macaques are a commonly used model for studying immunity to human viruses, including for studies of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. However, it is unknown whether macaque antibody responses resemble the response in humans. To answer this question, we employed a phage-based deep mutational scanning approach (Phage-DMS) to compare which linear epitopes are targeted on the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein in convalescent humans, convalescent (re-infected) rhesus macaques, mRNA-vaccinated humans, and repRNA-vaccinated pigtail macaques. We also used Phage-DMS to determine antibody escape pathways within each epitope, enabling a granular comparison of antibody binding specificities at the locus level. Overall, we identified some common epitope targets in both macaques and humans, including in the fusion peptide (FP) and stem helix-heptad repeat 2 (SH-H) regions. Differences between groups included a response to epitopes in the N-terminal domain (NTD) and C-terminal domain (CTD) in vaccinated humans but not vaccinated macaques, as well as recognition of a CTD epitope and epitopes flanking the FP in convalescent macaques but not convalescent humans. There was also considerable variability in the escape pathways among individuals within each group. Sera from convalescent macaques showed the least variability in escape overall and converged on a common response with vaccinated humans in the SH-H epitope region, suggesting highly similar antibodies were elicited. Collectively, these findings suggest that the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 in macaques shares many features with humans, but with substantial differences in the recognition of certain epitopes and considerable individual variability in antibody escape profiles, suggesting a diverse repertoire of antibodies that can respond to major epitopes in both humans and macaques. Differences in macaque species and exposure type may also contribute to these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C. Willcox
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kevin Sung
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Meghan E. Garrett
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jared G. Galloway
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jesse H. Erasmus
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- HDT Bio, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jennifer K. Logue
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - David W. Hawman
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Helen Y. Chu
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kim J. Hasenkrug
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Deborah H. Fuller
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Infectious Diseases and Translational Medicine, Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Frederick A. Matsen IV
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Julie Overbaugh
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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8
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O’Connor MA, Erasmus JH, Randall S, Archer J, Lewis TB, Brown B, Fredericks M, Groenier S, Iwayama N, Ahrens C, Garrison W, Wangari S, Guerriero KA, Fuller DH. A Single Dose SARS-CoV-2 Replicon RNA Vaccine Induces Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infected and Uninfected Pigtail Macaques. Front Immunol 2021; 12:800723. [PMID: 34992610 PMCID: PMC8724308 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.800723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 vaccine rollout is critical for reducing SARS-CoV-2 infections, hospitalizations, and deaths worldwide. Unfortunately, massive disparities exist in getting vaccines to vulnerable populations, including people living with HIV. Preliminary studies indicate that COVID-19 mRNA vaccines are safe and immunogenic in people living with HIV that are virally suppressed with potent antiretroviral therapy but may be less efficacious in immunocompromised individuals. This raises the concern that COVID-19 vaccines may be less effective in resource poor settings with limited access to antiretroviral therapy. Here, we evaluated the immunogenicity of a single dose COVID-19 replicon RNA vaccine expressing Spike protein (A.1) from SARS-CoV-2 (repRNA-CoV2S) in immunocompromised, SIV infected and immune competent, naïve pigtail macaques. Moderate vaccine-specific cellular Th1 T-cell responses and binding and neutralizing antibodies were induced by repRNA-CoV2S in SIV infected animals and naïve animals. Furthermore, vaccine immunogenicity was elicited even among the animals with the highest SIV viral burden or lowest peripheral CD4 counts prior to immunization. This study provides evidence that a SARS-CoV-2 repRNA vaccine could be employed to induce strong immunity against COVID-19 in HIV infected and other immunocompromised individuals.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- COVID-19/immunology
- COVID-19/prevention & control
- COVID-19/virology
- COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage
- COVID-19 Vaccines/genetics
- COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Host-Pathogen Interactions
- Immunity, Cellular/drug effects
- Immunity, Humoral/drug effects
- Immunocompromised Host
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine
- Macaca nemestrina
- Male
- Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/blood
- Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology
- Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/virology
- Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/immunology
- Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/pathogenicity
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/administration & dosage
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- Th1 Cells/drug effects
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th1 Cells/virology
- Time Factors
- Vaccination
- Vaccine Efficacy
- mRNA Vaccines/administration & dosage
- mRNA Vaccines/genetics
- mRNA Vaccines/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A. O’Connor
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jesse H. Erasmus
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- HDT Bio, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Samantha Randall
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jacob Archer
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- HDT Bio, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Thomas B. Lewis
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Brieann Brown
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Megan Fredericks
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Skyler Groenier
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Naoto Iwayama
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Chul Ahrens
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - William Garrison
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Solomon Wangari
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kathryn A. Guerriero
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Deborah H. Fuller
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- *Correspondence: Deborah H. Fuller,
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9
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Willcox AC, Sung K, Garrett ME, Galloway JG, O’Connor MA, Erasmus JH, Logue JK, Hawman DW, Chu HY, Hasenkrug KJ, Fuller DH, Matsen FA, Overbaugh J. Macaque-human differences in SARS-CoV-2 Spike antibody response elicited by vaccination or infection. bioRxiv 2021:2021.12.01.470697. [PMID: 34909774 PMCID: PMC8669841 DOI: 10.1101/2021.12.01.470697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Macaques are a commonly used model for studying immunity to human viruses, including for studies of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. However, it is unknown whether macaque antibody responses recapitulate, and thus appropriately model, the response in humans. To answer this question, we employed a phage-based deep mutational scanning approach (Phage-DMS) to compare which linear epitopes are targeted on the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein in humans and macaques following either vaccination or infection. We also used Phage-DMS to determine antibody escape pathways within each epitope, enabling a granular comparison of antibody binding specificities at the locus level. Overall, we identified some common epitope targets in both macaques and humans, including in the fusion peptide (FP) and stem helix-heptad repeat 2 (SH-H) regions. Differences between groups included a response to epitopes in the N-terminal domain (NTD) and C-terminal domain (CTD) in vaccinated humans but not vaccinated macaques, as well as recognition of a CTD epitope and epitopes flanking the FP in convalescent macaques but not convalescent humans. There was also considerable variability in the escape pathways among individuals within each group. Sera from convalescent macaques showed the least variability in escape overall and converged on a common response with vaccinated humans in the SH-H epitope region, suggesting highly similar antibodies were elicited. Collectively, these findings suggest that the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 in macaques shares many features with humans, but with substantial differences in the recognition of certain epitopes and considerable individual variability in antibody escape profiles, suggesting a diverse repertoire of antibodies that can respond to major epitopes in both humans and macaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C. Willcox
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kevin Sung
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Meghan E. Garrett
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jared G. Galloway
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Megan A. O’Connor
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Infectious Diseases and Translational Medicine, Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jesse H. Erasmus
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- HDT Bio, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - David W. Hawman
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Helen Y. Chu
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kim J. Hasenkrug
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Deborah H. Fuller
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Infectious Diseases and Translational Medicine, Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Frederick A. Matsen
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Julie Overbaugh
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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10
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Kuley R, Draves KE, Fuller DH, Giltiay NV, Clark EA, Giordano D. B cell activating factor (BAFF) from neutrophils and dendritic cells is required for protective B cell responses against Salmonella typhimurium infection. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259158. [PMID: 34705890 PMCID: PMC8550399 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mice lacking B cells are more susceptible to S. typhimurium infection. How B cells contribute to protective immunity against Salmonella and what signals drive their activation are still unclear. Neutrophils (Nphs), monocytes (MOs), and dendritic cells (DCs) are involved in early immune responses to control the initial replication of S. typhimurium. These cells can produce B cell activating factor (BAFF) required for mature B cell survival and may help regulate B cell responses during Salmonella infection. Using BAFF reporter mice (BAFF-RFP+/-), we discovered that an i.p. infection with a virulent strain of S. typhimurium increased BAFF expression in splenic conventional DCs (cDC) and inflammatory Ly6Chi MOs/DCs four days post-infection. S. typhimurium infection induced the release of BAFF from Nphs, a decrease of BAFF-RFP expression and expansion of BAFF-RFP+ Nphs in the spleen and peritoneal cavity. After S. typhimurium infection, serum BAFF levels and immature and mature B cell subsets and plasma cells increased substantially. Conditional knockout (cKO) mice lacking BAFF in either Nphs or cDCs compared to control Bafffl/fl mice had reduced up-regulation of systemic BAFF levels and reduced expansion of mature and germinal center B cell subsets after infection. Importantly, the cKO mice lacking BAFF from either Nphs or cDCs had impaired induction of Salmonella-specific IgM Abs, and were more susceptible to S. typhimurium infection. Thus, Nphs and cDCs are major cellular sources of BAFF driving B cell responses, required for mounting optimal protective immunity against lethal Salmonella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runa Kuley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RK); (DG)
| | - Kevin E. Draves
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Deborah H. Fuller
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Natalia V. Giltiay
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Edward A. Clark
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Daniela Giordano
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RK); (DG)
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11
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Walls AC, Miranda MC, Schäfer A, Pham MN, Greaney A, Arunachalam PS, Navarro MJ, Tortorici MA, Rogers K, O'Connor MA, Shirreff L, Ferrell DE, Bowen J, Brunette N, Kepl E, Zepeda SK, Starr T, Hsieh CL, Fiala B, Wrenn S, Pettie D, Sydeman C, Sprouse KR, Johnson M, Blackstone A, Ravichandran R, Ogohara C, Carter L, Tilles SW, Rappuoli R, Leist SR, Martinez DR, Clark M, Tisch R, O'Hagan DT, Van Der Most R, Van Voorhis WC, Corti D, McLellan JS, Kleanthous H, Sheahan TP, Smith KD, Fuller DH, Villinger F, Bloom J, Pulendran B, Baric RS, King NP, Veesler D. Elicitation of broadly protective sarbecovirus immunity by receptor-binding domain nanoparticle vaccines. Cell 2021; 184:5432-5447.e16. [PMID: 34619077 PMCID: PMC8440233 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Understanding vaccine-elicited protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants and other sarbecoviruses is key for guiding public health policies. We show that a clinical stage multivalent SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain nanoparticle (RBD-NP) vaccine protects mice from SARS-CoV-2 challenge after a single immunization, indicating a potential dose-sparing strategy. We benchmarked serum neutralizing activity elicited by RBD-NPs in non-human primates against a lead prefusion-stabilized SARS-CoV-2 spike (HexaPro) using a panel of circulating mutants. Polyclonal antibodies elicited by both vaccines are similarly resilient to many RBD residue substitutions tested, although mutations at and surrounding position 484 have negative consequences for neutralization. Mosaic and cocktail nanoparticle immunogens displaying multiple sarbecovirus RBDs elicit broad neutralizing activity in mice and protect mice against SARS-CoV challenge even in the absence of SARS-CoV RBD in the vaccine. This study provides proof of principle that multivalent sarbecovirus RBD-NPs induce heterotypic protection and motivates advancing such broadly protective sarbecovirus vaccines to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C Walls
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Marcos C Miranda
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Alexandra Schäfer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Minh N Pham
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Allison Greaney
- Basic Sciences and Computational Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Prabhu S Arunachalam
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mary-Jane Navarro
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - M Alejandra Tortorici
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institut Pasteur and CNRS UMR 3569, Unité de Virologie Structurale, Paris, France
| | - Kenneth Rogers
- New Iberia Research Center and Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, LA 70560, USA
| | - Megan A O'Connor
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA 98121, USA; Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lisa Shirreff
- New Iberia Research Center and Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, LA 70560, USA
| | - Douglas E Ferrell
- New Iberia Research Center and Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, LA 70560, USA
| | - John Bowen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Natalie Brunette
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Elizabeth Kepl
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Samantha K Zepeda
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Tyler Starr
- Basic Sciences and Computational Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ching-Lin Hsieh
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Brooke Fiala
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Samuel Wrenn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Deleah Pettie
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Claire Sydeman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Kaitlin R Sprouse
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Max Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Alyssa Blackstone
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Rashmi Ravichandran
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Cassandra Ogohara
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lauren Carter
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Sasha W Tilles
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - Sarah R Leist
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - David R Martinez
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Matthew Clark
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Roland Tisch
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | | | | | - Wesley C Van Voorhis
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Davide Corti
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Jason S McLellan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | | | - Timothy P Sheahan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Kelly D Smith
- UW Medicine Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Deborah H Fuller
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA 98121, USA; Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Francois Villinger
- New Iberia Research Center and Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, LA 70560, USA
| | - Jesse Bloom
- Basic Sciences and Computational Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Bali Pulendran
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ralph S Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Neil P King
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - David Veesler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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12
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Guerriero KA, Murnane RD, Lewis TB, Brown B, Baldessari A, Jeffery DA, Malinowski CM, Fuller DH, O'Connor MA. Recrudescence of Natural Coccidioidomycosis During Combination Antiretroviral Therapy in a Pigtail Macaque Experimentally Infected with Simian Immunodeficiency Virus. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2021; 37:505-509. [PMID: 33356854 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2020.0228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Coccidioidomycosis is a common fungal infection in people living with HIV-1, particularly in southwest regions of the United States where the Coccidioides sp. is endemic, but rates of infection have significantly declined in the era of potent combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Natural coccidioidomycosis also occurs in outdoor-housed macaques residing in the southwestern states that are utilized in biomedical research. Here, we report on a recrudescent case of previously treated, naturally occurring coccidioidomycosis in a pigtail macaque that was experimentally infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and virally suppressed on cART. Coccidioides IgG antibody titer became detectable before discontinuation of cART, but symptomatic coccidioidomycosis developed subsequent to cART withdrawal. This animal was screened and treated in accordance with the guidelines for the prevention and treatment of coccidioidomycosis, suggesting that macaques with a history of coccidioidomycosis should be excluded from enrollment in HIV studies. Continual monitoring for known endemic pathogens based on the colony of origin is also recommended for animals utilized for HIV/AIDS research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert D. Murnane
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Thomas B. Lewis
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Brieann Brown
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Audrey Baldessari
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Dean A. Jeffery
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Deborah H. Fuller
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Megan A. O'Connor
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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13
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Wood MP, Jones CI, Lippy A, Oliver BG, Walund B, Fancher KA, Fisher BS, Wright PJ, Fuller JT, Murapa P, Habib J, Mavigner M, Chahroudi A, Sather DN, Fuller DH, Sodora DL. Rapid progression is associated with lymphoid follicle dysfunction in SIV-infected infant rhesus macaques. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009575. [PMID: 33961680 PMCID: PMC8133453 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-infected infants are at an increased risk of progressing rapidly to AIDS in the first weeks of life. Here, we evaluated immunological and virological parameters in 25 SIV-infected infant rhesus macaques to understand the factors influencing a rapid disease outcome. Infant macaques were infected with SIVmac251 and monitored for 10 to 17 weeks post-infection. SIV-infected infants were divided into either typical (TypP) or rapid (RP) progressor groups based on levels of plasma anti-SIV antibody and viral load, with RP infants having low SIV-specific antibodies and high viral loads. Following SIV infection, 11 out of 25 infant macaques exhibited an RP phenotype. Interestingly, TypP had lower levels of total CD4 T cells, similar reductions in CD4/CD8 ratios and elevated activation of CD8 T cells, as measured by the levels of HLA-DR, compared to RP. Differences between the two groups were identified in other immune cell populations, including a failure to expand activated memory (CD21-CD27+) B cells in peripheral blood in RP infant macaques, as well as reduced levels of germinal center (GC) B cells and T follicular helper (Tfh) cells in spleens (4- and 10-weeks post-SIV). Reduced B cell proliferation in splenic germinal GCs was associated with increased SIV+ cell density and follicular type 1 interferon (IFN)-induced immune activation. Further analyses determined that at 2-weeks post SIV infection TypP infants exhibited elevated levels of the GC-inducing chemokine CXCL13 in plasma, as well as significantly lower levels of viral envelope diversity compared to RP infants. Our findings provide evidence that early viral and immunologic events following SIV infection contributes to impairment of B cells, Tfh cells and germinal center formation, ultimately impeding the development of SIV-specific antibody responses in rapidly progressing infant macaques. Despite significant reductions in vertical HIV transmission, nearly 100,000 children succumb to AIDS-related illnesses each year. Indeed, infants face a disproportionately higher risk of progressing to AIDS, with roughly half of HIV+ infants exhibiting a rapid progression to AIDS-associated morbidity and mortality. Here, we evaluated immunological and virological parameters in 25 simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected infant rhesus macaques to assess the factors that influence a rapid disease outcome. Infant macaques were infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and divided into either typical (TypP) or rapid (RP) progressor groups. RP infants exhibited low levels of plasma anti-SIV antibody and high viral loads. Following SIV infection, 11 out of 25 infant macaques exhibited an RP phenotype with some exhibiting AIDS-related symptoms. This study provides evidence that the low levels of anti-SIV antibodies are associated with impairments to both B and T cells in both blood and lymphoid tissues. These changes are associated with the prolonged expression of type 1 interferons which may be impeding development of a healthy humoral immune response in these rapidly progressing SIV-infected infant macaques. These findings have implications regarding potential therapeutic approaches to prevent rapid progression in HIV infected infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P. Wood
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Chloe I. Jones
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Adriana Lippy
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Brian G. Oliver
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Brynn Walund
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Katherine A. Fancher
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Bridget S. Fisher
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Piper J. Wright
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - James T. Fuller
- University of Washington Department of Microbiology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Patience Murapa
- University of Washington Department of Microbiology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle Washington, United States of America
| | - Jakob Habib
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Maud Mavigner
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia United States of America
| | - Ann Chahroudi
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia United States of America
| | - D. Noah Sather
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Deborah H. Fuller
- University of Washington Department of Microbiology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle Washington, United States of America
| | - Donald L. Sodora
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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14
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Walls AC, Miranda MC, Pham MN, Schäfer A, Greaney A, Arunachalam PS, Navarro MJ, Tortorici MA, Rogers K, O'Connor MA, Shireff L, Ferrell DE, Brunette N, Kepl E, Bowen J, Zepeda SK, Starr T, Hsieh CL, Fiala B, Wrenn S, Pettie D, Sydeman C, Johnson M, Blackstone A, Ravichandran R, Ogohara C, Carter L, Tilles SW, Rappuoli R, O'Hagan DT, Van Der Most R, Van Voorhis WC, McLellan JS, Kleanthous H, Sheahan TP, Fuller DH, Villinger F, Bloom J, Pulendran B, Baric R, King N, Veesler D. Elicitation of broadly protective sarbecovirus immunity by receptor-binding domain nanoparticle vaccines. bioRxiv 2021:2021.03.15.435528. [PMID: 33758839 PMCID: PMC7986998 DOI: 10.1101/2021.03.15.435528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the ability of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-elicited antibodies to neutralize and protect against emerging variants of concern and other sarbecoviruses is key for guiding vaccine development decisions and public health policies. We show that a clinical stage multivalent SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain nanoparticle vaccine (SARS-CoV-2 RBD-NP) protects mice from SARS-CoV-2-induced disease after a single shot, indicating that the vaccine could allow dose-sparing. SARS-CoV-2 RBD-NP elicits high antibody titers in two non-human primate (NHP) models against multiple distinct RBD antigenic sites known to be recognized by neutralizing antibodies. We benchmarked NHP serum neutralizing activity elicited by RBD-NP against a lead prefusion-stabilized SARS-CoV-2 spike immunogen using a panel of single-residue spike mutants detected in clinical isolates as well as the B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants of concern. Polyclonal antibodies elicited by both vaccines are resilient to most RBD mutations tested, but the E484K substitution has similar negative consequences for neutralization, and exhibit modest but comparable neutralization breadth against distantly related sarbecoviruses. We demonstrate that mosaic and cocktail sarbecovirus RBD-NPs elicit broad sarbecovirus neutralizing activity, including against the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.351 variant, and protect mice against severe SARS-CoV challenge even in the absence of the SARS-CoV RBD in the vaccine. This study provides proof of principle that sarbecovirus RBD-NPs induce heterotypic protection and enables advancement of broadly protective sarbecovirus vaccines to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C Walls
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Marcos C Miranda
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Minh N Pham
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Alexandra Schäfer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Allison Greaney
- Basic Sciences and Computational Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Prabhu S Arunachalam
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mary-Jane Navarro
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - M Alejandra Tortorici
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Institut Pasteur and CNRS UMR 3569, Unité de Virologie Structurale, Paris, France
| | - Kenneth Rogers
- New Iberia Research Center and Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, LA, 70560 USA
| | - Megan A O'Connor
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lisa Shireff
- New Iberia Research Center and Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, LA, 70560 USA
| | - Douglas E Ferrell
- New Iberia Research Center and Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, LA, 70560 USA
| | - Natalie Brunette
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Elizabeth Kepl
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - John Bowen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Samantha K Zepeda
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Tyler Starr
- Basic Sciences and Computational Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ching-Lin Hsieh
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Brooke Fiala
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Samuel Wrenn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Deleah Pettie
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Claire Sydeman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Max Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Alyssa Blackstone
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Rashmi Ravichandran
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Cassandra Ogohara
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lauren Carter
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Sasha W Tilles
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | | | | | - Wesley C Van Voorhis
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jason S McLellan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | | | - Timothy P Sheahan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Deborah H Fuller
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Francois Villinger
- New Iberia Research Center and Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, LA, 70560 USA
| | - Jesse Bloom
- Basic Sciences and Computational Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Bali Pulendran
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ralph Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Neil King
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - David Veesler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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15
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Wood MP, Wood LF, Templeton M, Fisher B, Lippy A, Jones CI, Lindestam Arlehamn CS, Sette A, Fuller JT, Murapa P, Jaspan HB, Fuller DH, Sodora DL. Transient Immune Activation in BCG-Vaccinated Infant Rhesus Macaques Is Not Sufficient to Influence Oral Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection. J Infect Dis 2021; 222:44-53. [PMID: 31605528 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BCG vaccination has been demonstrated to increase levels of activated CD4+ T cells, thus potentially influencing mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). To assess the risk of BCG vaccination in HIV infection, we randomly assigned newborn rhesus macaques to receive BCG vaccine or remain unvaccinated and then undergo oral simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) challenges 3 weeks later. We observed elevated levels of activated peripheral CD4+ T cells (ie, HLA-DR+CD38+CCR5+ CD4+ T cells) by week 3 after vaccination. BCG was also associated with an altered immune gene expression profile, as well as with monocyte activation in both peripheral blood and the draining axillary lymph node, indicating significant BCG vaccine-induced immune activation. Despite these effects, BCG vaccination did not increase the rate of SIV oral transmission or disease progression. Our findings therefore identify patterns of T-cell and monocyte activation that occur after BCG vaccination but do not support the hypothesis that BCG vaccination is a risk factor for postnatal HIV transmission or increased pathogenesis in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Wood
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Lianna F Wood
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Megan Templeton
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Bridget Fisher
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Adriana Lippy
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Chloe I Jones
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Alessandro Sette
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, San Diego.,Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - James T Fuller
- Department of Microbiology, Seattle, Washington; and University of Washington.,Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Patience Murapa
- Department of Microbiology, Seattle, Washington; and University of Washington.,Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Heather B Jaspan
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Deborah H Fuller
- Department of Microbiology, Seattle, Washington; and University of Washington.,Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Donald L Sodora
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
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16
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Malherbe DC, Vang L, Mendy J, Barnette PT, Spencer DA, Reed J, Kareko BW, Sather DN, Pandey S, Wibmer CK, Robins H, Fuller DH, Park B, Lakhashe SK, Wilson JM, Axthelm MK, Ruprecht RM, Moore PL, Sacha JB, Hessell AJ, Alexander J, Haigwood NL. Modified Adenovirus Prime-Protein Boost Clade C HIV Vaccine Strategy Results in Reduced Viral DNA in Blood and Tissues Following Tier 2 SHIV Challenge. Front Immunol 2021; 11:626464. [PMID: 33658998 PMCID: PMC7917243 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.626464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Designing immunogens and improving delivery methods eliciting protective immunity is a paramount goal of HIV vaccine development. A comparative vaccine challenge study was performed in rhesus macaques using clade C HIV Envelope (Env) and SIV Gag antigens. One group was vaccinated using co-immunization with DNA Gag and Env expression plasmids cloned from a single timepoint and trimeric Env gp140 glycoprotein from one of these clones (DNA+Protein). The other group was a prime-boost regimen composed of two replicating simian (SAd7) adenovirus-vectored vaccines expressing Gag and one Env clone from the same timepoint as the DNA+Protein group paired with the same Env gp140 trimer (SAd7+Protein). The env genes were isolated from a single pre-peak neutralization timepoint approximately 1 year post infection in CAP257, an individual with a high degree of neutralization breadth. Both DNA+Protein and SAd7+Protein vaccine strategies elicited significant Env-specific T cell responses, lesser Gag-specific responses, and moderate frequencies of Env-specific TFH cells. Both vaccine modalities readily elicited systemic and mucosal Env-specific IgG but not IgA. There was a higher frequency and magnitude of ADCC activity in the SAd7+Protein than the DNA+Protein arm. All macaques developed moderate Tier 1 heterologous neutralizing antibodies, while neutralization of Tier 1B or Tier 2 viruses was sporadic and found primarily in macaques in the SAd7+Protein group. Neither vaccine approach provided significant protection from viral acquisition against repeated titered mucosal challenges with a heterologous Tier 2 clade C SHIV. However, lymphoid and gut tissues collected at necropsy showed that animals in both vaccine groups each had significantly lower copies of viral DNA in individual tissues compared to levels in controls. In the SAd7+Protein-vaccinated macaques, total and peak PBMC viral DNA were significantly lower compared with controls. Taken together, this heterologous Tier 2 SHIV challenge study shows that combination vaccination with SAd7+Protein was superior to combination DNA+Protein in reducing viral seeding in tissues in the absence of protection from infection, thus emphasizing the priming role of replication-competent SAd7 vector. Despite the absence of correlates of protection, because antibody responses were significantly higher in this vaccine group, we hypothesize that vaccine-elicited antibodies contribute to limiting tissue viral seeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine C Malherbe
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | - Lo Vang
- Emergent BioSolutions, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Jason Mendy
- Emergent BioSolutions, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Philip T Barnette
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | - David A Spencer
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | - Jason Reed
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | - Bettie W Kareko
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | - D Noah Sather
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Shilpi Pandey
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | - Constantinos K Wibmer
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Harlan Robins
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Deborah H Fuller
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Byung Park
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | - Samir K Lakhashe
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, United States.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - James M Wilson
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Michael K Axthelm
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | - Ruth M Ruprecht
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, United States.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Penny L Moore
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Jonah B Sacha
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States.,Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States.,Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Ann J Hessell
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | | | - Nancy L Haigwood
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States.,Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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17
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Linsky TW, Vergara R, Codina N, Nelson JW, Walker MJ, Su W, Barnes CO, Hsiang TY, Esser-Nobis K, Yu K, Reneer ZB, Hou YJ, Priya T, Mitsumoto M, Pong A, Lau UY, Mason ML, Chen J, Chen A, Berrocal T, Peng H, Clairmont NS, Castellanos J, Lin YR, Josephson-Day A, Baric RS, Fuller DH, Walkey CD, Ross TM, Swanson R, Bjorkman PJ, Gale M, Blancas-Mejia LM, Yen HL, Silva DA. De novo design of potent and resilient hACE2 decoys to neutralize SARS-CoV-2. Science 2020; 370:1208-1214. [PMID: 33154107 PMCID: PMC7920261 DOI: 10.1126/science.abe0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We developed a de novo protein design strategy to swiftly engineer decoys for neutralizing pathogens that exploit extracellular host proteins to infect the cell. Our pipeline allowed the design, validation, and optimization of de novo human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) decoys to neutralize severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The best monovalent decoy, CTC-445.2, bound with low nanomolar affinity and high specificity to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein. Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) showed that the design is accurate and can simultaneously bind to all three RBDs of a single spike protein. Because the decoy replicates the spike protein target interface in hACE2, it is intrinsically resilient to viral mutational escape. A bivalent decoy, CTC-445.2d, showed ~10-fold improvement in binding. CTC-445.2d potently neutralized SARS-CoV-2 infection of cells in vitro, and a single intranasal prophylactic dose of decoy protected Syrian hamsters from a subsequent lethal SARS-CoV-2 challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Wen Su
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Christopher O Barnes
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Tien-Ying Hsiang
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Katharina Esser-Nobis
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kevin Yu
- Neoleukin Therapeutics Inc., Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Z Beau Reneer
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Yixuan J Hou
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tanu Priya
- Neoleukin Therapeutics Inc., Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Avery Pong
- Neoleukin Therapeutics Inc., Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Uland Y Lau
- Neoleukin Therapeutics Inc., Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Jerry Chen
- Neoleukin Therapeutics Inc., Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alex Chen
- Neoleukin Therapeutics Inc., Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Hong Peng
- Neoleukin Therapeutics Inc., Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Yu-Ru Lin
- Neoleukin Therapeutics Inc., Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Ralph S Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Deborah H Fuller
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Ted M Ross
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Pamela J Bjorkman
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Michael Gale
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Hui-Ling Yen
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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18
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Walls AC, Fiala B, Schäfer A, Wrenn S, Pham MN, Murphy M, Tse LV, Shehata L, O'Connor MA, Chen C, Navarro MJ, Miranda MC, Pettie D, Ravichandran R, Kraft JC, Ogohara C, Palser A, Chalk S, Lee EC, Guerriero K, Kepl E, Chow CM, Sydeman C, Hodge EA, Brown B, Fuller JT, Dinnon KH, Gralinski LE, Leist SR, Gully KL, Lewis TB, Guttman M, Chu HY, Lee KK, Fuller DH, Baric RS, Kellam P, Carter L, Pepper M, Sheahan TP, Veesler D, King NP. Elicitation of Potent Neutralizing Antibody Responses by Designed Protein Nanoparticle Vaccines for SARS-CoV-2. Cell 2020. [PMID: 33160446 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.https:/doi.org/10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
A safe, effective, and scalable vaccine is needed to halt the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We describe the structure-based design of self-assembling protein nanoparticle immunogens that elicit potent and protective antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 in mice. The nanoparticle vaccines display 60 SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domains (RBDs) in a highly immunogenic array and induce neutralizing antibody titers 10-fold higher than the prefusion-stabilized spike despite a 5-fold lower dose. Antibodies elicited by the RBD nanoparticles target multiple distinct epitopes, suggesting they may not be easily susceptible to escape mutations, and exhibit a lower binding:neutralizing ratio than convalescent human sera, which may minimize the risk of vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease. The high yield and stability of the assembled nanoparticles suggest that manufacture of the nanoparticle vaccines will be highly scalable. These results highlight the utility of robust antigen display platforms and have launched cGMP manufacturing efforts to advance the SARS-CoV-2-RBD nanoparticle vaccine into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C Walls
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Brooke Fiala
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Alexandra Schäfer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Samuel Wrenn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Minh N Pham
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Michael Murphy
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Longping V Tse
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Laila Shehata
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Megan A O'Connor
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | - Chengbo Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Biological Physics Structure and Design Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 91895, USA
| | - Mary Jane Navarro
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Marcos C Miranda
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Deleah Pettie
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Rashmi Ravichandran
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - John C Kraft
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Cassandra Ogohara
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Anne Palser
- Kymab Ltd., Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sara Chalk
- Kymab Ltd., Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - E-Chiang Lee
- Kymab Ltd., Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kathryn Guerriero
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | - Elizabeth Kepl
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Cameron M Chow
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Claire Sydeman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Edgar A Hodge
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Brieann Brown
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | - Jim T Fuller
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Kenneth H Dinnon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Lisa E Gralinski
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Sarah R Leist
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Kendra L Gully
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Thomas B Lewis
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | - Miklos Guttman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Helen Y Chu
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Kelly K Lee
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Biological Physics Structure and Design Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 91895, USA
| | - Deborah H Fuller
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA 98121, USA; Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ralph S Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Paul Kellam
- Kymab Ltd., Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK; Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Lauren Carter
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Marion Pepper
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Timothy P Sheahan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - David Veesler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Neil P King
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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19
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Walls AC, Fiala B, Schäfer A, Wrenn S, Pham MN, Murphy M, Tse LV, Shehata L, O'Connor MA, Chen C, Navarro MJ, Miranda MC, Pettie D, Ravichandran R, Kraft JC, Ogohara C, Palser A, Chalk S, Lee EC, Guerriero K, Kepl E, Chow CM, Sydeman C, Hodge EA, Brown B, Fuller JT, Dinnon KH, Gralinski LE, Leist SR, Gully KL, Lewis TB, Guttman M, Chu HY, Lee KK, Fuller DH, Baric RS, Kellam P, Carter L, Pepper M, Sheahan TP, Veesler D, King NP. Elicitation of Potent Neutralizing Antibody Responses by Designed Protein Nanoparticle Vaccines for SARS-CoV-2. Cell 2020; 183:1367-1382.e17. [PMID: 33160446 PMCID: PMC7604136 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A safe, effective, and scalable vaccine is needed to halt the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We describe the structure-based design of self-assembling protein nanoparticle immunogens that elicit potent and protective antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 in mice. The nanoparticle vaccines display 60 SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domains (RBDs) in a highly immunogenic array and induce neutralizing antibody titers 10-fold higher than the prefusion-stabilized spike despite a 5-fold lower dose. Antibodies elicited by the RBD nanoparticles target multiple distinct epitopes, suggesting they may not be easily susceptible to escape mutations, and exhibit a lower binding:neutralizing ratio than convalescent human sera, which may minimize the risk of vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease. The high yield and stability of the assembled nanoparticles suggest that manufacture of the nanoparticle vaccines will be highly scalable. These results highlight the utility of robust antigen display platforms and have launched cGMP manufacturing efforts to advance the SARS-CoV-2-RBD nanoparticle vaccine into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C Walls
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Brooke Fiala
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Alexandra Schäfer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Samuel Wrenn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Minh N Pham
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Michael Murphy
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Longping V Tse
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Laila Shehata
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Megan A O'Connor
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | - Chengbo Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Biological Physics Structure and Design Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 91895, USA
| | - Mary Jane Navarro
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Marcos C Miranda
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Deleah Pettie
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Rashmi Ravichandran
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - John C Kraft
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Cassandra Ogohara
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Anne Palser
- Kymab Ltd., Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sara Chalk
- Kymab Ltd., Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - E-Chiang Lee
- Kymab Ltd., Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kathryn Guerriero
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | - Elizabeth Kepl
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Cameron M Chow
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Claire Sydeman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Edgar A Hodge
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Brieann Brown
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | - Jim T Fuller
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Kenneth H Dinnon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Lisa E Gralinski
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Sarah R Leist
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Kendra L Gully
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Thomas B Lewis
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | - Miklos Guttman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Helen Y Chu
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Kelly K Lee
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Biological Physics Structure and Design Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 91895, USA
| | - Deborah H Fuller
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA 98121, USA; Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ralph S Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Paul Kellam
- Kymab Ltd., Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK; Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Lauren Carter
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Marion Pepper
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Timothy P Sheahan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - David Veesler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Neil P King
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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20
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Hessell AJ, Powell R, Jiang X, Luo C, Weiss S, Dussupt V, Itri V, Fox A, Shapiro MB, Pandey S, Cheever T, Fuller DH, Park B, Krebs SJ, Totrov M, Haigwood NL, Kong XP, Zolla-Pazner S. Multimeric Epitope-Scaffold HIV Vaccines Target V1V2 and Differentially Tune Polyfunctional Antibody Responses. Cell Rep 2020; 28:877-895.e6. [PMID: 31340151 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.06.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The V1V2 region of the HIV-1 envelope is the target of several broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs). Antibodies to V1V2 elicited in the RV144 clinical trial correlated with a reduced risk of HIV infection, but these antibodies were without broad neutralizing activity. Antibodies targeting V1V2 also correlated with a reduced viral load in immunized macaques challenged with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) or simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV). To focus immune responses on V1V2, we engrafted the native, glycosylated V1V2 domain onto five different multimeric scaffold proteins and conducted comparative immunogenicity studies in macaques. Vaccinated macaques developed high titers of plasma and mucosal antibodies that targeted structurally distinct V1V2 epitopes. Plasma antibodies displayed limited neutralizing activity but were functionally active for ADCC and phagocytosis, which was detectable 1-2 years after immunizations ended. This study demonstrates that multivalent, glycosylated V1V2-scaffold protein immunogens focus the antibody response on V1V2 and are differentially effective at inducing polyfunctional antibodies with characteristics associated with protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann J Hessell
- Division of Pathobiology and Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA.
| | - Rebecca Powell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Xunqing Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Christina Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Svenja Weiss
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Vincent Dussupt
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Vincenza Itri
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Alisa Fox
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Mariya B Shapiro
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Shilpi Pandey
- Division of Pathobiology and Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Tracy Cheever
- Division of Pathobiology and Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Deborah H Fuller
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Byung Park
- Primate Genetics Program, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Shelly J Krebs
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | | | - Nancy L Haigwood
- Division of Pathobiology and Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA; Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239.
| | - Xiang-Peng Kong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Susan Zolla-Pazner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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21
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Walls AC, Fiala B, Schäfer A, Wrenn S, Pham MN, Murphy M, Tse LV, Shehata L, O’Connor MA, Chen C, Navarro MJ, Miranda MC, Pettie D, Ravichandran R, Kraft JC, Ogohara C, Palser A, Chalk S, Lee EC, Kepl E, Chow CM, Sydeman C, Hodge EA, Brown B, Fuller JT, Dinnon KH, Gralinski LE, Leist SR, Gully KL, Lewis TB, Guttman M, Chu HY, Lee KK, Fuller DH, Baric RS, Kellam P, Carter L, Pepper M, Sheahan TP, Veesler D, King NP. Elicitation of potent neutralizing antibody responses by designed protein nanoparticle vaccines for SARS-CoV-2. bioRxiv 2020:2020.08.11.247395. [PMID: 32817941 PMCID: PMC7430571 DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.11.247395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A safe, effective, and scalable vaccine is urgently needed to halt the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Here, we describe the structure-based design of self-assembling protein nanoparticle immunogens that elicit potent and protective antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 in mice. The nanoparticle vaccines display 60 copies of the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) glycoprotein receptor-binding domain (RBD) in a highly immunogenic array and induce neutralizing antibody titers roughly ten-fold higher than the prefusion-stabilized S ectodomain trimer despite a more than five-fold lower dose. Antibodies elicited by the nanoparticle immunogens target multiple distinct epitopes on the RBD, suggesting that they may not be easily susceptible to escape mutations, and exhibit a significantly lower binding:neutralizing ratio than convalescent human sera, which may minimize the risk of vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease. The high yield and stability of the protein components and assembled nanoparticles, especially compared to the SARS-CoV-2 prefusion-stabilized S trimer, suggest that manufacture of the nanoparticle vaccines will be highly scalable. These results highlight the utility of robust antigen display platforms for inducing potent neutralizing antibody responses and have launched cGMP manufacturing efforts to advance the lead RBD nanoparticle vaccine into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C. Walls
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Brooke Fiala
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Alexandra Schäfer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Samuel Wrenn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Minh N. Pham
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Michael Murphy
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Longping V. Tse
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Laila Shehata
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Megan A. O’Connor
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | - Chengbo Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Biological Physics Structure and Design Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 91895, USA
| | - Mary Jane Navarro
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Marcos C. Miranda
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Deleah Pettie
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Rashmi Ravichandran
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - John C. Kraft
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Cassandra Ogohara
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Anne Palser
- Kymab Ltd, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Chalk
- Kymab Ltd, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - E-Chiang Lee
- Kymab Ltd, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Kepl
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Cameron M. Chow
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Claire Sydeman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Edgar A. Hodge
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Brieann Brown
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | - Jim T. Fuller
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Kenneth H. Dinnon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Lisa E. Gralinski
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Sarah R. Leist
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Kendra L. Gully
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Thomas B. Lewis
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | - Miklos Guttman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Helen Y. Chu
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Kelly K. Lee
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Biological Physics Structure and Design Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 91895, USA
| | - Deborah H. Fuller
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ralph S. Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Paul Kellam
- Kymab Ltd, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren Carter
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Marion Pepper
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Timothy P. Sheahan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - David Veesler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Neil P. King
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah H Fuller
- From the Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine (D.H.F.), and HDT Bio (P.B.) - both in Seattle
| | - Peter Berglund
- From the Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine (D.H.F.), and HDT Bio (P.B.) - both in Seattle
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23
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Malherbe DC, Wibmer CK, Nonyane M, Reed J, Sather DN, Spencer DA, Schuman JT, Guo B, Pandey S, Robins H, Park B, Fuller DH, Sacha JB, Moore PL, Hessell AJ, Haigwood NL. Rapid Induction of Multifunctional Antibodies in Rabbits and Macaques by Clade C HIV-1 CAP257 Envelopes Circulating During Epitope-Specific Neutralization Breadth Development. Front Immunol 2020; 11:984. [PMID: 32582155 PMCID: PMC7280454 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report here on HIV-1 immunization results in rabbits and macaques co-immunized with clade C gp160 DNA and gp140 trimeric envelope vaccines, a strategy similar to a recent clinical trial that showed improved speed and magnitude of humoral responses. Clade C envelopes were isolated from CAP257, an individual who developed a unique temporal pattern of neutralization breadth development, comprising three separate "Waves" targeting distinct Env epitopes and different HIV clades. We used phylogeny and neutralization criteria to down-select envelope vaccine candidates, and confirmed antigenicity of our antigens by interaction with well-characterized broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. Using these envelopes, we performed rabbit studies that screened for immunogenicity of CAP257 Envs from timepoints preceding peak neutralization breadth in each Wave. Selected CAP257 envelopes from Waves 1 and 2, during the first 2 years of infection that were highly immunogenic in rabbits were then tested in macaques. We found that in rabbits and macaques, co-immunization of DNA, and protein envelope-based vaccines induced maximum binding and neutralizing antibody titers with three immunizations. No further benefit was obtained with additional immunizations. The vaccine strategies recapitulated the Wave-specific epitope targeting observed in the CAP257 participant, and elicited Tier 1A, 1B, and Tier 2 heterologous neutralization. CAP257 envelope immunogens also induced the development of ADCC and TFH responses in macaques, and these responses positively correlated with heterologous neutralization. Together, the results from two animal models in this study have implications for identifying effective vaccine immunogens. We used a multi-step strategy to (1) select an Env donor with well-characterized neutralization breadth development; (2) study Env phylogeny for potential immunogens circulating near peak breadth timepoints during the first 2 years of infection; (3) test down-selected Envs for antigenicity; (4) screen down-selected Envs in an effective vaccine regimen in rabbits; and (5) advance the most immunogenic Envs to NHP studies. The results were an induction of high titers of HIV-1 envelope-specific antibodies with increasing avidity and cross-clade neutralizing antibodies with effector functions that together may improve the potential for protection in a pre-clinical SHIV model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine C Malherbe
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | - Constantinos Kurt Wibmer
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Molati Nonyane
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jason Reed
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | - D Noah Sather
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Center, Seattle Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - David A Spencer
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | | | - Biwei Guo
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | - Shilpi Pandey
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | - Harlan Robins
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Byung Park
- Biostatistics Unit, Primate Genetic Program Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | - Deborah H Fuller
- AIDS Division, Department of Microbiology, Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jonah B Sacha
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | - Penny L Moore
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Antibody Immunity Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ann J Hessell
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | - Nancy L Haigwood
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States.,Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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24
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Gorini G, Fourati S, Vaccari M, Rahman MA, Gordon SN, Brown DR, Law L, Chang J, Green R, Barrenäs F, Liyanage NPM, Doster MN, Schifanella L, Bissa M, Silva de Castro I, Washington-Parks R, Galli V, Fuller DH, Santra S, Agy M, Pal R, Palermo RE, Tomaras GD, Shen X, LaBranche CC, Montefiori DC, Venzon DJ, Trinh HV, Rao M, Gale M, Sekaly RP, Franchini G. Engagement of monocytes, NK cells, and CD4+ Th1 cells by ALVAC-SIV vaccination results in a decreased risk of SIVmac251 vaginal acquisition. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008377. [PMID: 32163525 PMCID: PMC7093029 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The recombinant Canarypox ALVAC-HIV/gp120/alum vaccine regimen was the first to significantly decrease the risk of HIV acquisition in humans, with equal effectiveness in both males and females. Similarly, an equivalent SIV-based ALVAC vaccine regimen decreased the risk of virus acquisition in Indian rhesus macaques of both sexes following intrarectal exposure to low doses of SIVmac251. Here, we demonstrate that the ALVAC-SIV/gp120/alum vaccine is also efficacious in female Chinese rhesus macaques following intravaginal exposure to low doses of SIVmac251 and we confirm that CD14+ classical monocytes are a strong correlate of decreased risk of virus acquisition. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the frequency of CD14+ cells and/or their gene expression correlates with blood Type 1 CD4+ T helper cells, α4β7+ plasmablasts, and vaginal cytocidal NKG2A+ cells. To better understand the correlate of protection, we contrasted the ALVAC-SIV vaccine with a NYVAC-based SIV/gp120 regimen that used the identical immunogen. We found that NYVAC-SIV induced higher immune activation via CD4+Ki67+CD38+ and CD4+Ki67+α4β7+ T cells, higher SIV envelope-specific IFN-γ producing cells, equivalent ADCC, and did not decrease the risk of SIVmac251 acquisition. Using the systems biology approach, we demonstrate that specific expression profiles of plasmablasts, NKG2A+ cells, and monocytes elicited by the ALVAC-based regimen correlated with decreased risk of virus acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Gorini
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Slim Fourati
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Monica Vaccari
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mohammad Arif Rahman
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Shari N. Gordon
- Department of Infectious Diseases, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Dallas R. Brown
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lynn Law
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, and Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jean Chang
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, and Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Richard Green
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, and Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Fredrik Barrenäs
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, and Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Namal P. M. Liyanage
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Melvin N. Doster
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Luca Schifanella
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Massimiliano Bissa
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Isabela Silva de Castro
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Robyn Washington-Parks
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Veronica Galli
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Deborah H. Fuller
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, and Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Sampa Santra
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Michael Agy
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ranajit Pal
- Advanced Bioscience Laboratories, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Robert E. Palermo
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, and Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Georgia D. Tomaras
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Xiaoying Shen
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Celia C. LaBranche
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - David C. Montefiori
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - David J. Venzon
- Biostatistics and Data Management Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hung V. Trinh
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mangala Rao
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Michael Gale
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, and Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Rafick P. Sekaly
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Genoveffa Franchini
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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25
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O'Connor MA, Munson PV, Tunggal HC, Hajari N, Lewis TB, Bratt D, Moats C, Smedley J, Bagley KC, Mullins JI, Fuller DH. Mucosal T Helper 17 and T Regulatory Cell Homeostasis Correlate with Acute Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Viremia and Responsiveness to Antiretroviral Therapy in Macaques. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2019; 35:295-305. [PMID: 30398361 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2018.0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Depletion of gut T helper 17 (Th17) cells during HIV infection leads to decreased mucosal integrity and increased disease progression. Conversely, T regulatory (Treg) cells may inhibit antiviral responses or immune activation. In HIV elite controllers, a balanced Th17/Treg ratio is maintained in the blood, suggesting a role for these responses in controlling inflammation and viral replication. HIV-infected individuals exhibit a range in responsiveness to combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Given the link between the Th17/Treg ratio and HIV disease, we reasoned these responses may play a role in cART responsiveness. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the mucosal Th17/Treg ratio to acute simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) viremia and the response to cART. Nineteen rhesus macaques were infected with highly pathogenic SIVΔB670 virus and cART was initiated 6 weeks postinfection. Mucosal CD4 T cell subsets were assessed by intracellular cytokine staining in the colon and mesenteric lymph nodes. Higher baseline Th17/Treg ratios corresponded with increased acute SIV viremia. Th17/Treg ratios decreased during acute SIV infection and were not restored during cART, and this corresponded to increased gut immune activation (Ki67+), markers of microbial translocation (sCD14), and T cell exhaustion (TIGIT+). Animals that maintained a more balanced mucosal Th17/Treg ratio at the time of cART initiation exhibited a better virological response to cART and maintained higher peripheral CD4 counts. These results suggest mucosal Th17 and Treg homeostasis influences acute viremia and the response to cART, a result that suggests therapeutic interventions that improve the Th17/Treg ratio before or during cART may improve treatment of HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A. O'Connor
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Paul V. Munson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Hillary C. Tunggal
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Nika Hajari
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Thomas B. Lewis
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Debra Bratt
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Cassie Moats
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jeremy Smedley
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - James I. Mullins
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Deborah H. Fuller
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington
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26
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Chevalier A, Silva DA, Rocklin GJ, Hicks DR, Vergara R, Murapa P, Bernard SM, Zhang L, Lam KH, Yao G, Bahl CD, Miyashita SI, Goreshnik I, Fuller JT, Koday MT, Jenkins CM, Colvin T, Carter L, Bohn A, Bryan CM, Fernández-Velasco DA, Stewart L, Dong M, Huang X, Jin R, Wilson IA, Fuller DH, Baker D. Massively parallel de novo protein design for targeted therapeutics. Nature 2017; 550:74-79. [PMID: 28953867 DOI: 10.1038/nature23912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
De novo protein design holds promise for creating small stable proteins with shapes customized to bind therapeutic targets. We describe a massively parallel approach for designing, manufacturing and screening mini-protein binders, integrating large-scale computational design, oligonucleotide synthesis, yeast display screening and next-generation sequencing. We designed and tested 22,660 mini-proteins of 37-43 residues that target influenza haemagglutinin and botulinum neurotoxin B, along with 6,286 control sequences to probe contributions to folding and binding, and identified 2,618 high-affinity binders. Comparison of the binding and non-binding design sets, which are two orders of magnitude larger than any previously investigated, enabled the evaluation and improvement of the computational model. Biophysical characterization of a subset of the binder designs showed that they are extremely stable and, unlike antibodies, do not lose activity after exposure to high temperatures. The designs elicit little or no immune response and provide potent prophylactic and therapeutic protection against influenza, even after extensive repeated dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Chevalier
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.,Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Daniel-Adriano Silva
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.,Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Gabriel J Rocklin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.,Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Derrick R Hicks
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.,Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Renan Vergara
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.,Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, México City 04510, Mexico
| | - Patience Murapa
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Steffen M Bernard
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.,The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.,Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwok-Ho Lam
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Guorui Yao
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Christopher D Bahl
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.,Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Shin-Ichiro Miyashita
- Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Inna Goreshnik
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - James T Fuller
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Merika T Koday
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA.,Virvio Inc., Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Cody M Jenkins
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Tom Colvin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Lauren Carter
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.,Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Alan Bohn
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Cassie M Bryan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.,Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - D Alejandro Fernández-Velasco
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, México City 04510, Mexico
| | - Lance Stewart
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Min Dong
- Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Xuhui Huang
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rongsheng Jin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Ian A Wilson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.,The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Deborah H Fuller
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - David Baker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.,Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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27
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Dross SE, Munson PV, Kim SE, Bratt DL, Tunggal HC, Gervassi AL, Fuller DH, Horton H. Kinetics of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell Frequency and Function during Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection, Combination Antiretroviral Therapy, and Treatment Interruption. J Immunol 2017; 198:757-766. [PMID: 27974456 PMCID: PMC5225043 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
During chronic lentiviral infection, poor clinical outcomes correlate both with systemic inflammation and poor proliferative ability of HIV-specific T cells; however, the connection between the two is not clear. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), which expand during states of elevated circulating inflammatory cytokines, may link the systemic inflammation and poor T cell function characteristic of lentiviral infections. Although MDSC are partially characterized in HIV and SIV infection, questions remain regarding their persistence, activity, and clinical significance. We monitored MDSC frequency and function in SIV-infected rhesus macaques. Low MDSC frequency was observed prior to SIV infection. Post-SIV infection, MDSC were elevated in acute infection and persisted during 7 mo of combination antiretroviral drug therapy (cART). After cART interruption, we observed MDSC expansion of surprising magnitude, the majority being granulocytic MDSC. At all stages of infection, granulocytic MDSC suppressed CD4+ and CD8+ T cell proliferation in response to polyclonal or SIV-specific stimulation. In addition, MDSC frequency correlated significantly with circulating inflammatory cytokines. Acute and post-cART levels of viremia were similar, however, the levels of inflammatory cytokines and MDSC were more pronounced post-cART. Expanded MDSC during SIV infection, especially during the post-cART inflammatory cytokine surge, likely limit cellular responses to infection. As many HIV curative strategies require cART interruption to determine efficacy, our work suggests treatment interruption-induced MDSC may especially undermine the effectiveness of such strategies. MDSC depletion may enhance T cell responses to lentiviral infection and the effectiveness of curative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra E Dross
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195;
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Paul V Munson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98915
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98915; and
| | - Se Eun Kim
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Debra L Bratt
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98915; and
| | - Hillary C Tunggal
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98915
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98915; and
| | - Ana L Gervassi
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Deborah H Fuller
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98915
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98915; and
| | - Helen Horton
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
- Immune Modulation Research, Janssen Infectious Diseases and Vaccines BVBA, Beerse 2340, Belgium
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28
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McBurney SP, Sunshine JE, Gabriel S, Huynh JP, Sutton WF, Fuller DH, Haigwood NL, Messer WB. Evaluation of protection induced by a dengue virus serotype 2 envelope domain III protein scaffold/DNA vaccine in non-human primates. Vaccine 2016; 34:3500-7. [PMID: 27085173 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.03.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We describe the preclinical development of a dengue virus vaccine targeting the dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV2) envelope domain III (EDIII). This study provides proof-of-principle that a dengue EDIII protein scaffold/DNA vaccine can protect against dengue challenge. The dengue vaccine (EDIII-E2) is composed of both a protein particle and a DNA expression plasmid delivered simultaneously via intramuscular injection (protein) and gene gun (DNA) into rhesus macaques. The protein component can contain a maximum of 60 copies of EDIII presented on a multimeric scaffold of Geobacillus stearothermophilus E2 proteins. The DNA component is composed of the EDIII portion of the envelope gene cloned into an expression plasmid. The EDIII-E2 vaccine elicited robust antibody responses to DENV2, with neutralizing antibody responses detectable following the first boost and reaching titers of greater than 1:100,000 following the second and final boost. Vaccinated and naïve groups of macaques were challenged with DENV2. All vaccinated macaques were protected from detectable viremia by infectious assay, while naïve animals had detectable viremia for 2-7 days post-challenge. All naïve macaques had detectable viral RNA from day 2-10 post-challenge. In the EDIII-E2 group, three macaques were negative for viral RNA and three were found to have detectable viral RNA post challenge. Viremia onset was delayed and the duration was shortened relative to naïve controls. The presence of viral RNA post-challenge corresponded to a 10-30-fold boost in neutralization titers 28 days post challenge, whereas no boost was observed in the fully protected animals. Based on these results, we determine that pre-challenge 50% neutralization titers of >1:6000 correlated with sterilizing protection against DENV2 challenge in EDIII-E2 vaccinated macaques. Identification of the critical correlate of protection for the EDIII-E2 platform in the robust non-human primate model lays the groundwork for further development of a tetravalent EDIII-E2 dengue vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean P McBurney
- Division of Pathobiology & Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Ave., Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Justine E Sunshine
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Sarah Gabriel
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jeremy P Huynh
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - William F Sutton
- Division of Pathobiology & Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Ave., Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Deborah H Fuller
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1705 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Nancy L Haigwood
- Division of Pathobiology & Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Ave., Beaverton, OR 97006, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - William B Messer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR 97239, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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29
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Stone BC, Kas A, Billman ZP, Fuller DH, Fuller JT, Shendure J, Murphy SC. Complex Minigene Library Vaccination for Discovery of Pre-Erythrocytic Plasmodium T Cell Antigens. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153449. [PMID: 27070430 PMCID: PMC4829254 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of a subunit vaccine targeting liver-stage Plasmodium parasites requires the identification of antigens capable of inducing protective T cell responses. However, traditional methods of antigen identification are incapable of evaluating T cell responses against large numbers of proteins expressed by these parasites. This bottleneck has limited development of subunit vaccines against Plasmodium and other complex intracellular pathogens. To address this bottleneck, we are developing a synthetic minigene technology for multi-antigen DNA vaccines. In an initial test of this approach, pools of long (150 bp) antigen-encoding oligonucleotides were synthesized and recombined into vectors by ligation-independent cloning to produce two DNA minigene library vaccines. Each vaccine encoded peptides derived from 36 (vaccine 1) and 53 (vaccine 2) secreted or transmembrane pre-erythrocytic P. yoelii proteins. BALB/cj mice were vaccinated three times with a single vaccine by biolistic particle delivery (gene gun) and screened for interferon-γ-producing T cell responses by ELISPOT. Library vaccination induced responses against four novel antigens. Naïve mice exposed to radiation-attenuated sporozoites mounted a response against only one of the four novel targets (PyMDH, malate dehydrogenase). The response to PyMDH could not be recalled by additional homologous sporozoite immunizations but could be partially recalled by heterologous cross-species sporozoite exposure. Vaccination against the dominant PyMDH epitope by DNA priming and recombinant Listeria boosting did not protect against sporozoite challenge. Improvements in library design and delivery, combined with methods promoting an increase in screening sensitivity, may enable complex minigene screening to serve as a high-throughput system for discovery of novel T cell antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad C. Stone
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail: (BCS); (SCM)
| | - Arnold Kas
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Zachary P. Billman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Deborah H. Fuller
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - James T. Fuller
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jay Shendure
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Sean C. Murphy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Seattle Malaria Clinical Trials Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Human Challenge Center, Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail: (BCS); (SCM)
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30
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Hessell AJ, Malherbe DC, Pissani F, McBurney S, Krebs SJ, Gomes M, Pandey S, Sutton WF, Burwitz BJ, Gray M, Robins H, Park BS, Sacha JB, LaBranche CC, Fuller DH, Montefiori DC, Stamatatos L, Sather DN, Haigwood NL. Achieving Potent Autologous Neutralizing Antibody Responses against Tier 2 HIV-1 Viruses by Strategic Selection of Envelope Immunogens. J Immunol 2016; 196:3064-78. [PMID: 26944928 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Advancement in immunogen selection and vaccine design that will rapidly elicit a protective Ab response is considered critical for HIV vaccine protective efficacy. Vaccine-elicited Ab responses must therefore have the capacity to prevent infection by neutralization-resistant phenotypes of transmitted/founder (T/F) viruses that establish infection in humans. Most vaccine candidates to date have been ineffective at generating Abs that neutralize T/F or early variants. In this study, we report that coimmunizing rhesus macaques with HIV-1 gp160 DNA and gp140 trimeric protein selected from native envelope gene sequences (envs) induced neutralizing Abs against Tier 2 autologous viruses expressing cognate envelope (Env). The Env immunogens were selected from envs emerging during the earliest stages of neutralization breadth developing within the first 2 years of infection in two clade B-infected human subjects. Moreover, the IgG responses in macaques emulated the targeting to specific regions of Env known to be associated with autologous and heterologous neutralizing Abs developed within the human subjects. Furthermore, we measured increasing affinity of macaque polyclonal IgG responses over the course of the immunization regimen that correlated with Tier 1 neutralization. In addition, we report firm correlations between Tier 2 autologous neutralization and Tier 1 heterologous neutralization, as well as overall TZM-bl breadth scores. Additionally, the activation of Env-specific follicular helper CD4 T cells in lymphocytes isolated from inguinal lymph nodes of vaccinated macaques correlated with Tier 2 autologous neutralization. These results demonstrate the potential for native Env derived from subjects at the time of neutralization broadening as effective HIV vaccine elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann J Hessell
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
| | - Delphine C Malherbe
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
| | - Franco Pissani
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006; Military HIV Research Program, Silver Spring, MD 20889
| | - Sean McBurney
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
| | - Shelly J Krebs
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Michelle Gomes
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
| | - Shilpi Pandey
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
| | - William F Sutton
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
| | - Benjamin J Burwitz
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006; Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| | | | - Harlan Robins
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Byung S Park
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
| | - Jonah B Sacha
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006; Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Celia C LaBranche
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708
| | - Deborah H Fuller
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195; and
| | | | | | | | - Nancy L Haigwood
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006; Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239
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Rosinski SL, Stone B, Graves SS, Fuller DH, De Rosa SC, Spies GA, Mize GJ, Fuller JT, Storb R. Development of a Minor Histocompatibility Antigen Vaccine Regimen in the Canine Model of Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. Transplantation 2015; 99:2083-94. [PMID: 25965411 PMCID: PMC4591091 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000000744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Minor histocompatibility antigen (miHA) vaccines have the potential to augment graft-versus-tumor effects without graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). We used mixed hematopoietic chimerism in the canine model of major histocompatibility complex-matched allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation as a platform to develop a miHA vaccination regimen. METHODS We engineered DNA plasmids and replication-deficient human adenovirus type 5 constructs encoding large sections of canine SMCY and the entire canine SRY gene. RESULTS Priming with replication-deficient human adenovirus type 5 constructs and boosting with ex vivo plasmid-transfected dendritic cells and cutaneous delivery of plasmids with a particle-mediated epidermal delivery device (PMED) in 2 female dogs induced antigen-specific T-cell responses. Similar responses were observed after a prime-boost vaccine regimen in three female hematopoietic cell transplantation donors. Subsequent donor lymphocyte infusion resulted in a significant change of chimerism in 1 of 3 male recipients without any signs of graft-versus-host disease. The change in chimerism in the recipient occurred in association with the development of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses to the same peptide pools detected in the donor. CONCLUSIONS These studies describe the first in vivo response to miHA vaccination in a large, outbred animal model without using recipient cells to sensitize the donor. This model provides a platform for ongoing experiments designed to define optimal miHA targets and develop protocols to directly vaccinate the recipient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Lawrence Rosinski
- 1 Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA. 2 Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA. 3 The Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA. 4 Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA. 5 The Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA. 6 Division of Vaccine and Infectious Disease, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA. 7 Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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Berendam SJ, Fallert Junecko BA, Murphey-Corb MA, Fuller DH, Reinhart TA. Isolation, characterization, and functional analysis of ferret lymphatic endothelial cells. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2014; 163:134-45. [PMID: 25540877 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2014.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The lymphatic endothelium (LE) serves as a conduit for transport of immune cells and soluble antigens from peripheral tissues to draining lymph nodes (LNs), contributing to development of host immune responses and possibly dissemination of microbes. Lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) are major constituents of the lymphatic endothelium. These specialized cells could play important roles in initiation of host innate immune responses through sensing of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), including toll-like receptors (TLRs). LECs secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines to create local inflammatory conditions for recruitment of naïve antigen presenting cells (APCs) such as dendritic cells (DCs) to sites of infection and/or vaccine administration. In this study, we examined the innate immune potential of primary LEC populations derived from multiple tissues of an animal model for human infectious diseases - the ferret. We generated a total of six primary LEC populations from lung, tracheal, and mesenteric LN tissues from three different ferrets. Standard RT-PCR characterization of these primary LECs showed that they varied in their expression of LEC markers. The ferret LECs were examined for their ability to respond to poly I:C (TLR3 and RIG-I ligand) and other known TLR ligands as measured by production of proinflammatory cytokine (IFNα, IL6, IL10, Mx1, and TNFα) and chemokine (CCL5, CCL20, and CXCL10) mRNAs using real time RT-PCR. Poly I:C exposure induced robust proinflammatory responses by all of the primary ferret LECs. Chemotaxis was performed to determine the functional activity of CCL20 produced by the primary lung LECs and showed that the LEC-derived CCL20 was abundant and functional. Taken together, our results continue to reveal the innate immune potential of primary LECs during pathogen-host interactions and expand our understanding of the roles LECs might play in health and disease in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella J Berendam
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Beth A Fallert Junecko
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Michael A Murphey-Corb
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Deborah H Fuller
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Todd A Reinhart
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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Richert-Spuhler LE, Hensley-Mcbain T, Gile J, Koday M, Fuller DH, Johnson B, Nega MT, Appel C, Vanderford T, Reeves RK, Estes JD, Keele BF, Klatt NR. Rapid Loss of Th17 Cells after SIV Infection May Underlie Mucosal Dysfunction. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2014. [DOI: 10.1089/aid.2014.5082.abstract] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laura E. Richert-Spuhler
- University of Washington, Pharmaceutics and Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Tiffany Hensley-Mcbain
- University of Washington, Pharmaceutics and Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jillian Gile
- University of Washington, Pharmaceutics and Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Michael Koday
- University of Washington, Pharmaceutics and Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Deborah H. Fuller
- University of Washington, Pharmaceutics and Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Brian Johnson
- University of Washington, Department of Comparative Medicine, HIC/Comparative Pathology Program, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Melon T. Nega
- Emory University, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Cara Appel
- University of Washington, Department of Comparative Medicine, HIC/Comparative Pathology Program, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Thomas Vanderford
- Emory University, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - R. Keith Reeves
- Harvard University, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jacob D. Estes
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Brandon F. Keele
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Nichole R. Klatt
- University of Washington, Pharmaceutics and Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
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Cui X, Cao Z, Sen G, Chattopadhyay G, Fuller DH, Fuller JT, Snapper DM, Snow AL, Mond JJ, Snapper CM. A novel tetrameric gp350 1-470 as a potential Epstein-Barr virus vaccine. Vaccine 2013; 31:3039-45. [PMID: 23665339 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.04.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Infectious mononucleosis and B-cell transformation in response to infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is dependent upon binding of the EBV envelope glycoprotein gp350 to CD21 on B-cells. Gp350-specific antibody comprises most of the EBV neutralizing activity in the serum of infected patients, making this protein a promising target antigen for a prophylactic EBV vaccine. We describe a novel, tetrameric gp350-based vaccine that exhibits markedly enhanced immunogenicity relative to its monomeric counterpart. Plasmid DNA was constructed for synthesis, within transfected CHO cells, of a tetrameric, truncated (a.a. 1-470) gp350 protein (gp350(1-470)). Tetrameric gp350(1-470) induced ≈ 20-fold higher serum titers of gp350(1-470)-specific IgG and >19-fold enhancements in neutralizing titers at the highest dose, and was >25-fold more immunogenic on a per-weight basis than monomeric gp350(1-470). Further, epidermal immunization with plasmid DNA encoding gp350(1-470) tetramer induced 8-fold higher serum titers of gp350(1-470)-specific IgG relative to monomer. Tetrameric gp350(1-470) binding to human CD21 was >24-fold more efficient on a per-weight basis than monomer, but neither tetramer nor monomer mediated polyclonal human B-cell activation. Finally, the introduction of strong, universal tetanus toxoid (TT)-specific CD4+ T-cell epitopes into the tetrameric gp350(1-470) had no effect on the gp350(1-470)-specific IgG response in naïve mice, and resulted in suppressed gp350(1-470)-specific IgG responses in TT-primed mice. Collectively, these data suggest that tetrameric gp350(1-470) is a potentially promising candidate for testing as a prophylactic EBV vaccine, and that protein multimerization, using the approach described herein, is likely to be clinically relevant for enhancing the immunogenicity of other proteins of vaccine interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinle Cui
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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Qin S, Klamar CR, Fallert Junecko BA, Craigo J, Fuller DH, Reinhart TA. Functional characterization of ferret CCL20 and CCR6 and identification of chemotactic inhibitors. Cytokine 2013; 61:924-32. [PMID: 23360828 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
CCL20 is currently the only known chemokine ligand for the receptor CCR6, and is a mucosal chemokine involved in normal and pathological immune responses. Although nucleotide sequence data are available for ccl20 and ccr6 sequences from multiple species, the ferret ccl20 and ccr6 sequences have not been determined. To increase our understanding of immune function in ferret models of infection and vaccination, we have used RT-PCR to obtain the ferret ccl20 and ccr6 cDNA sequences and functionally characterize the encoded proteins. The open reading frames of both genes were highly conserved across species and mostly closely related to canine sequences. For functional analyses, single cell clones expressing ferret CCR6 were generated, a ferret CCL20/mouse IgG(2a) fusion protein (fCCL20-mIgG(2a)) was produced, and fCCL20 was chemically synthesized. Cell clones expressing ferret CCR6 responded chemotactically to fCCL20-mIgG2a fusion protein and synthetic ferret CCL20. Chemotaxis inhibition studies identified the polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate and the murine γ-herpesvirus 68 M3 protein as inhibitors of fCCL20. Surface plasmon resonance studies revealed that EGCG bound directly to fCCL20. These results provide molecular characterization of previously unreported ferret immune gene sequences and for the first time identify a broad-spectrum small molecule inhibitor of CCL20 and reveal CCL20 as a target for the herpesviral M3 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Qin
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 DeSoto Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
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Abstract
In the 30 years since the advent of the AIDS epidemic, the biomedical community has put forward a battery of molecular therapies that are based on the accumulated knowledge of a limited number of viral targets. Despite these accomplishments, the community still confronts unanswered foundational questions about HIV infection. What are the cellular or biomolecular processes behind HIV pathogenesis? Can we elucidate the characteristics that distinguish those individuals who are naturally resistant to either infection or disease progression? The discovery of simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) and the ensuing development of in vivo, nonhuman primate (NHP) infection models was a tremendous advance, especially in abetting the exploration of vaccine strategies. And while there have been numerous NHP infection models and vaccine trials performed, fundamental questions remain regarding host-virus interactions and immune correlates of protection. These issues are, perhaps, most starkly illustrated with the appreciation that many species of African nonhuman primates are naturally infected with strains of SIV that do not cause any appreciable disease while replicating to viral loads that match or exceed those seen with pathogenic SIV infections in Asian species of nonhuman primates. The last decade has seen the establishment of high-throughput molecular profiling tools, such as microarrays for transcriptomics, SNP arrays for genome features, and LC-MS techniques for proteins or metabolites. These provide the capacity to interrogate a biological model at a comprehensive, systems level, in contrast to historical approaches that characterized a few genes or proteins in an experiment. These methods have already had revolutionary impacts in understanding human diseases originating within the host genome such as genetic disorders and cancer, and the methods are finding increasing application in the context of infectious disease. We will provide a review of the use of such 'omics investigations as applied to understanding of HIV pathogenesis and innate immunity, drawing from our own research as well as the literature examples that utilized in vitro cell-based models or studies in nonhuman primates. We will also discuss the potential for systems biology to help guide strategies for HIV vaccines that offer significant protection by either preventing acquisition or strongly suppressing viral replication levels post-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Palermo
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Vojnov L, Bean AT, Peterson EJ, Chiuchiolo MJ, Sacha JB, Denes FS, Sandor M, Fuller DH, Fuller JT, Parks CL, McDermott AB, Wilson NA, Watkins DI. DNA/Ad5 vaccination with SIV epitopes induced epitope-specific CD4⁺ T cells, but few subdominant epitope-specific CD8⁺ T cells. Vaccine 2011; 29:7483-90. [PMID: 21839132 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Revised: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/16/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The goals of a T cell-based vaccine for HIV are to reduce viral peak and setpoint and prevent transmission. While it has been relatively straightforward to induce CD8(+) T cell responses against immunodominant T cell epitopes, it has been more difficult to broaden the vaccine-induced CD8(+) T cell response against subdominant T cell epitopes. Additionally, vaccine regimens to induce CD4(+) T cell responses have been studied only in limited settings. In this study, we sought to elicit CD8(+) T cells against subdominant epitopes and CD4(+) T cells using various novel and well-established vaccine strategies. We vaccinated three Mamu-A*01(+) animals with five Mamu-A*01-restricted subdominant SIV-specific CD8(+) T cell epitopes. All three vaccinated animals made high frequency responses against the Mamu-A*01-restricted Env TL9 epitope with one animal making a low frequency CD8(+) T cell response against the Pol LV10 epitope. We also induced SIV-specific CD4(+) T cells against several MHC class II DRBw*606-restricted epitopes. Electroporated DNA with pIL-12 followed by a rAd5 boost was the most immunogenic vaccine strategy. We induced responses against all three Mamu-DRB*w606-restricted CD4 epitopes in the vaccine after the DNA prime. Ad5 vaccination further boosted these responses. Although we successfully elicited several robust epitope-specific CD4(+) T cell responses, vaccination with subdominant MHC class I epitopes elicited few detectable CD8(+) T cell responses. Broadening the CD8(+) T cell response against subdominant MHC class I epitopes was, therefore, more difficult than we initially anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Vojnov
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 555 Science Drive, Madison, WI 53711, USA
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Gu R, Shampang A, Nashar T, Patil M, Fuller DH, Ramsingh AI. Oral immunization with a live coxsackievirus/HIV recombinant induces gag p24-specific T cell responses. PLoS One 2010; 5. [PMID: 20824074 PMCID: PMC2932689 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2010] [Accepted: 08/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The development of an HIV/AIDS vaccine has proven to be elusive. Because human vaccine trials have not yet demonstrated efficacy, new vaccine strategies are needed for the HIV vaccine pipeline. We have been developing a new HIV vaccine platform using a live enterovirus, coxsackievirus B4 (CVB4) vector. Enteroviruses are ideal candidates for development as a vaccine vector for oral delivery, because these viruses normally enter the body via the oral route and survive the acidic environment of the stomach. Methodology/Principal Findings We constructed a live coxsackievirus B4 recombinant, CVB4/p24(733), that expresses seventy-three amino acids of the gag p24 sequence (HXB2) and assessed T cell responses after immunization of mice. The CVB4 recombinant was physically stable, replication-competent, and genetically stable. Oral or intraperitoneal immunization with the recombinant resulted in strong systemic gag p24-specific T cell responses as determined by the IFN-γ ELISPOT assay and by multiparameter flow cytometry. Oral immunization with CVB4/p24(733) resulted in a short-lived, localized infection of the gut without systemic spread. Because coxsackieviruses are ubiquitous in the human population, we also evaluated whether the recombinant was able to induce gag p24-specific T cell responses in mice pre-immunized with the CVB4 vector. We showed that oral immunization with CVB4/p24(733) induced gag p24-specific immune responses in vector-immune mice. Conclusions/Significance The CVB4/p24(733) recombinant retained the physical and biological characteristics of the parental CVB4 vector. Oral immunization with the CVB4 recombinant was safe and resulted in the induction of systemic HIV-specific T cell responses. Furthermore, pre-existing vector immunity did not preclude the development of gag p24-specific T cell responses. As the search continues for new vaccine strategies, the present study suggests that live CVB4/HIV recombinants are potential new vaccine candidates for HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Gu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, United States of America
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Loudon PT, Yager EJ, Lynch DT, Narendran A, Stagnar C, Franchini AM, Fuller JT, White PA, Nyuandi J, Wiley CA, Murphey-Corb M, Fuller DH. GM-CSF increases mucosal and systemic immunogenicity of an H1N1 influenza DNA vaccine administered into the epidermis of non-human primates. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11021. [PMID: 20544035 PMCID: PMC2882341 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Accepted: 05/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The recent H5N1 avian and H1N1 swine-origin influenza virus outbreaks reaffirm that the threat of a world-wide influenza pandemic is both real and ever-present. Vaccination is still considered the best strategy for protection against influenza virus infection but a significant challenge is to identify new vaccine approaches that offer accelerated production, broader protection against drifted and shifted strains, and the capacity to elicit anti-viral immune responses in the respiratory tract at the site of viral entry. As a safe alternative to live attenuated vaccines, the mucosal and systemic immunogenicity of an H1N1 influenza (A/New Caledonia/20/99) HA DNA vaccine administered by particle-mediated epidermal delivery (PMED or gene gun) was analyzed in rhesus macaques. Methodology/Principal Findings Macaques were immunized at weeks 0, 8, and 16 using a disposable single-shot particle-mediated delivery device designed for clinical use that delivers plasmid DNA directly into cells of the epidermis. Significant levels of hemagglutination inhibiting (HI) antibodies and cytokine-secreting HA-specific T cells were observed in the periphery of macaques following 1–3 doses of the PMED HA DNA vaccine. In addition, HA DNA vaccination induced detectable levels of HA-specific mucosal antibodies and T cells in the lung and gut-associated lymphoid tissues of vaccinated macaques. Importantly, co-delivery of a DNA encoding the rhesus macaque GM-CSF gene was found to significantly enhance both the systemic and mucosal immunogenicity of the HA DNA vaccine. Conclusions/Significance These results provide strong support for the development of a particle-mediated epidermal DNA vaccine for protection against respiratory pathogens such as influenza and demonstrate, for the first time, the ability of skin-delivered GM-CSF to serve as an effective mucosal adjuvant for vaccine induction of immune responses in the gut and respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric J. Yager
- Center for Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Amithi Narendran
- Center for Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Cristy Stagnar
- Center for Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Anthony M. Franchini
- Center for Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - James T. Fuller
- Recombiworks, Ltd., Clifton Park, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Julia Nyuandi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Clayton A. Wiley
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michael Murphey-Corb
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Deborah H. Fuller
- Center for Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Fuller DH, Loudon P, Schmaljohn C. Preclinical and clinical progress of particle-mediated DNA vaccines for infectious diseases. Methods 2007; 40:86-97. [PMID: 16997717 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2006.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2006] [Accepted: 05/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This review provides an overview of studies employing particle-mediated epidermal delivery (PMED) or the gene gun to administer DNA vaccines for infectious diseases in preclinical studies employing large animal models and in human clinical trials. It reviews the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of PMED DNA vaccines in nonhuman primates and swine and studies that have directly compared the effectiveness of PMED in these large animal models to existing licensed vaccines and intramuscular or intradermal delivery of DNA vaccines with a needle. Various clinical trials employing PMED have been completed and an overview of the immunogenicity, safety, and tolerability of this approach in humans is described. Finally, efforts currently in progress for commercial development of particle-mediated DNA vaccines are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah H Fuller
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, 260 Kappa Drive, PA 15238, USA.
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Roberts LK, Barr LJ, Fuller DH, McMahon CW, Leese PT, Jones S. Clinical safety and efficacy of a powdered Hepatitis B nucleic acid vaccine delivered to the epidermis by a commercial prototype device. Vaccine 2006; 23:4867-78. [PMID: 15985318 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2004] [Revised: 05/09/2005] [Accepted: 05/12/2005] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This clinical delivery system bridging study evaluated the performance of a single-use disposable, commercial prototype device (designated ND 5.5) for particle-mediated epidermal delivery (PMED) of a nucleic acid vaccine against Hepatitis B virus (HBV). Healthy adults, previously immunized with licensed HBV vaccine, received a single boost vaccination of HBV nucleic acid vaccine administered by ND 5.5 or XR-1, the clinical research device used in previous clinical trials. Similar increases in anti-HBV surface antigen serum antibody titers and cell-mediated immune responses were produced by ND 5.5 and XR-1 when delivering comparable effective doses of the vaccine. The overall intensity of the immune response was lower in those subjects vaccinated with two, rather than 4 administrations of vaccine delivered by ND 5.5. Skin reactions at sites of vaccine administration were equivalent with both devices. This is the first clinical demonstration of the safe and effective PMED of a nucleic acid vaccine with the ND 5.5 device.
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Vogel TU, Reynolds MR, Fuller DH, Vielhuber K, Shipley T, Fuller JT, Kunstman KJ, Sutter G, Marthas ML, Erfle V, Wolinsky SM, Wang C, Allison DB, Rud EW, Wilson N, Montefiori D, Altman JD, Watkins DI. Multispecific vaccine-induced mucosal cytotoxic T lymphocytes reduce acute-phase viral replication but fail in long-term control of simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac239. J Virol 2004; 77:13348-60. [PMID: 14645590 PMCID: PMC296068 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.77.24.13348-13360.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the current difficulties generating vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the focus of the vaccine community has shifted toward creating cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte (CTL)-based vaccines. Recent reports of CTL-based vaccine trials in macaques challenged with simian/human immunodeficiency virus SHIV-89.6P have supported the notion that such vaccines can ameliorate the course of disease. However, almost all of these studies included Env as an immunogen and since SHIV-89.6P is sensitive to neutralizing antibodies it is difficult to determine the mechanism(s) of protection. Consequently, SHIV-89.6P challenge of macaques may be a poor model for determining vaccine efficacy in humans. To ascertain the effect of vaccine-induced multispecific mucosal CTL, in the absence of Env-specific antibody, on the control of an immunodeficiency virus challenge, we vaccinated Mamu-A*01(+) macaques with constructs encoding a combination of CTL epitopes and full-length proteins (Tat, Rev, and Nef) by using a DNA prime/recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara (rMVA) boost regimen. The vaccination induced virus-specific CTL and CD4(+) helper T lymphocytes with CTL frequencies as high as 20,000/million peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The final rMVA vaccination, delivered intravenously, engendered long-lived mucosal CTL. At 16 weeks after the final rMVA vaccination, the vaccinees and naive, Mamu-A*01(+) controls were challenged intrarectally with SIVmac239. Massive early anamnestic cellular immune responses controlled acute-phase viral replication; however, the three vaccinees were unable to control virus replication in the chronic phase. The present study suggests that multispecific mucosal CTL, in the absence of neutralizing antibodies, can achieve a modicum of control over early viral replication but are unable to control chronic-phase viral replication after a high-dose mucosal challenge with a pathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten U Vogel
- Wisconsin Primate Research Center. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, USA
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43
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Vogel TU, Horton H, Fuller DH, Carter DK, Vielhuber K, O'Connor DH, Shipley T, Fuller J, Sutter G, Erfle V, Wilson N, Picker LJ, Watkins DI. Differences between T cell epitopes recognized after immunization and after infection. J Immunol 2002; 169:4511-21. [PMID: 12370388 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.169.8.4511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that cellular immune responses play a crucial role in the control of HIV and SIV replication in infected individuals. Several vaccine strategies have therefore targeted these CD8(+) and CD4(+) responses. Whether vaccination induces the same repertoire of responses seen after infection is, however, a key unanswered question in HIV vaccine development. We therefore compared the epitope specificity induced by vaccination to that present postchallenge in the peripheral blood. Intracellular cytokine staining of PBMC stimulated with overlapping 15/20-mer peptides spanning the proteins of SIV were measured after DNA/modified vaccinia Ankara vaccination of eight rhesus macaques. Lymphocytes from 8 animals recognized a total of 39 CD8 epitopes and 41 CD4 epitopes encoded by the vaccine. T cell responses were again monitored after challenge with SIVmac239 to investigate the evolution of these responses. Only 57% of all CD8(+) T cell responses and 19% of all CD4(+) T cell responses present after vaccination were recalled after infection as measured in the peripheral blood. Interestingly, 29 new CD8 epitopes and 5 new CD4 epitopes were recognized by PBMC in the acute phase. These new epitopes were not detected after vaccination, and only some of them were maintained in the chronic phase (33% of CD8 and no CD4 responses). Additionally, 24 new CD8 epitopes and 7 new CD4 epitopes were recognized by PBMC in the chronic phase of infection. The repertoire of the immune response detected in the peripheral blood after immunization substantially differed from the immune response detected in the peripheral blood after infection.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Rectal
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/virology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/virology
- Cell Line, Transformed
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/analysis
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Immunity, Cellular/genetics
- Immunization, Secondary
- Injections, Intradermal
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/virology
- Lymphoid Tissue/immunology
- Lymphoid Tissue/metabolism
- Lymphoid Tissue/virology
- Macaca mulatta
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Peptide Fragments/analysis
- Peptide Fragments/genetics
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Peptide Mapping
- SAIDS Vaccines/administration & dosage
- SAIDS Vaccines/genetics
- SAIDS Vaccines/immunology
- Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology
- Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Vaccinia virus/genetics
- Vaccinia virus/immunology
- Viral Proteins/analysis
- Viral Proteins/genetics
- Viral Proteins/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten U Vogel
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, 1220 Capital Court, Madison, WI 53715, USA
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44
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Payne LG, Fuller DH, Haynes JR. Particle-mediated DNA vaccination of mice, monkeys and men: looking beyond the dogma. Curr Opin Mol Ther 2002; 4:459-66. [PMID: 12435047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Data generated in the early phases of experimentation in a new field of scientific exploration sometimes results in hasty conclusions about the generality of the data. To some degree, this has happened at least twice in the relatively new area of DNA immunization. Early data seemed to indicate firstly that particle-mediated epidermal DNA immunization induced predominantly Th2-type cellular immune responses, and secondly that DNA immunization was not very successful in humans. This review highlights the current body of data showing that particle-mediated DNA immunization is highly effective in the induction Th1-type responses and is an efficient method for inducing immune responses in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lendon G Payne
- Address PowderJect Vaccines Inc, Madison, WI 53711, USA.
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45
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Horton H, Vogel TU, Carter DK, Vielhuber K, Fuller DH, Shipley T, Fuller JT, Kunstman KJ, Sutter G, Montefiori DC, Erfle V, Desrosiers RC, Wilson N, Picker LJ, Wolinsky SM, Wang C, Allison DB, Watkins DI. Immunization of rhesus macaques with a DNA prime/modified vaccinia virus Ankara boost regimen induces broad simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-specific T-cell responses and reduces initial viral replication but does not prevent disease progression following challenge with pathogenic SIVmac239. J Virol 2002; 76:7187-202. [PMID: 12072518 PMCID: PMC136301 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.76.14.7187-7202.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Producing a prophylactic vaccine for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has proven to be a challenge. Most biological isolates of HIV are difficult to neutralize, so that conventional subunit-based antibody-inducing vaccines are unlikely to be very effective. In the rhesus macaque model, some protection was afforded by DNA/recombinant viral vector vaccines. However, these studies used as the challenge virus SHIV-89.6P, which is neutralizable, making it difficult to determine whether the observed protection was due to cellular immunity, humoral immunity, or a combination of both. In this study, we used a DNA prime/modified vaccinia virus Ankara boost regimen to immunize rhesus macaques against nearly all simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) proteins. These animals were challenged intrarectally with pathogenic molecularly cloned SIVmac239, which is resistant to neutralization. The immunization regimen resulted in the induction of virus-specific CD8(+) and CD4(+) responses in all vaccinees. Although anamnestic neutralizing antibody responses against laboratory-adapted SIVmac251 developed after the challenge, no neutralizing antibodies against SIVmac239 were detectable. Vaccinated animals had significantly reduced peak viremia compared with controls (P < 0.01). However, despite the induction of virus-specific cellular immune responses and reduced peak viral loads, most animals still suffered from gradual CD4 depletion and progressed to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Horton
- Wisconsin Regional Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, USA
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46
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Arrington J, Braun RP, Dong L, Fuller DH, Macklin MD, Umlauf SW, Wagner SJ, Wu MS, Payne LG, Haynes JR. Plasmid vectors encoding cholera toxin or the heat-labile enterotoxin from Escherichia coli are strong adjuvants for DNA vaccines. J Virol 2002; 76:4536-46. [PMID: 11932419 PMCID: PMC155070 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.76.9.4536-4546.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2001] [Accepted: 01/28/2002] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Two plasmid vectors encoding the A and B subunits of cholera toxin (CT) and two additional vectors encoding the A and B subunits of the Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) were evaluated for their ability to serve as genetic adjuvants for particle-mediated DNA vaccines administered to the epidermis of laboratory animals. Both the CT and the LT vectors strongly augmented Th1 cytokine responses (gamma interferon [IFN-gamma]) to multiple viral antigens when codelivered with DNA vaccines. In addition, Th2 cytokine responses (interleukin 4 [IL-4]) were also augmented by both sets of vectors, with the effects of the LT vectors on IL-4 responses being more antigen dependent. The activities of both sets of vectors on antibody responses were antigen dependent and ranged from no effect to sharp reductions in the immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1)-to-IgG2a ratios. Overall, the LT vectors exhibited stronger adjuvant effects in terms of T-cell responses than did the CT vectors, and this was correlated with the induction of greater levels of cyclic AMP by the LT vectors following vector transfection into cultured cells. The adjuvant effects observed in vivo were due to the biological effects of the encoded proteins and not due to CpG motifs in the bacterial genes. Interestingly, the individual LT A and B subunit vectors exhibited partial adjuvant activity that was strongly influenced by the presence or absence of signal peptide coding sequences directing the encoded subunit to either intracellular or extracellular locations. Particle-mediated delivery of either the CT or LT adjuvant vectors in rodents and domestic pigs was well tolerated, suggesting that bacterial toxin-based genetic adjuvants may be a safe and effective strategy to enhance the potency of both prophylactic and therapeutic DNA vaccines for the induction of strong cellular immunity.
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47
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Allen TM, Vogel TU, Fuller DH, Mothé BR, Steffen S, Boyson JE, Shipley T, Fuller J, Hanke T, Sette A, Altman JD, Moss B, McMichael AJ, Watkins DI. Induction of AIDS virus-specific CTL activity in fresh, unstimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes from rhesus macaques vaccinated with a DNA prime/modified vaccinia virus Ankara boost regimen. J Immunol 2000; 164:4968-78. [PMID: 10779808 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.164.9.4968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The observed role of CTL in the containment of AIDS virus replication suggests that an effective HIV vaccine will be required to generate strong CTL responses. Because epitope-based vaccines offer several potential advantages for inducing strong, multispecific CTL responses, we tested the ability of an epitope-based DNA prime/modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) boost vaccine to induce CTL responses against a single SIVgag CTL epitope. As assessed using both 51Cr release assays and tetramer staining of in vitro stimulated PBMC, DNA vaccinations administered to the skin with the gene gun induced and progressively increased p11C, C-->M (CTPYDINQM)-specific CD8+ T lymphocyte responses in six of six Mamu-A*01+ rhesus macaques. Tetramer staining of fresh, unstimulated PBMC from two of the DNA-vaccinated animals indicated that as much as 0.4% of all CD3+/CD8alpha+ T lymphocytes were specific for the SIVgag CTL epitope. Administration of MVA expressing the SIVgag CTL epitope further boosted these responses, such that 0.8-20.0% of CD3+/CD8alpha+ T lymphocytes in fresh, unstimulated PBMC were now Ag specific. Enzyme-linked immunospot assays confirmed this high frequency of Ag-specific cells, and intracellular IFN-gamma staining demonstrated that the majority of these cells produced IFN-gamma after peptide stimulation. Moreover, direct ex vivo SIV-specific cytotoxic activity could be detected in PBMC from five of the six DNA/MVA-vaccinated animals, indicating that this epitope-based DNA prime/MVA boost regimen represents a potent method for inducing high levels of functionally active, Ag-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes in non-human primates.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Animals
- Biolistics
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/blood
- HIV-1/immunology
- Immunization, Secondary/methods
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Macaca mulatta
- Oligopeptides/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/virology
- Vaccines, Attenuated/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Attenuated/immunology
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
- Vaccinia virus/genetics
- Vaccinia virus/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Allen
- Wisconsin Regional Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA.
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48
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Verschoor EJ, Mooij P, Oostermeijer H, van der Kolk M, ten Haaft P, Verstrepen B, Sun Y, Morein B, Akerblom L, Fuller DH, Barnett SW, Heeney JL. Comparison of immunity generated by nucleic acid-, MF59-, and ISCOM-formulated human immunodeficiency virus type 1 vaccines in Rhesus macaques: evidence for viral clearance. J Virol 1999; 73:3292-300. [PMID: 10074183 PMCID: PMC104093 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.73.4.3292-3300.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The kinetics of T-helper immune responses generated in 16 mature outbred rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) within a 10-month period by three different human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccine strategies were compared. Immune responses to monomeric recombinant gp120SF2 (rgp120) when the protein was expressed in vivo by DNA immunization or when it was delivered as a subunit protein vaccine formulated either with the MF59 adjuvant or by incorporation into immune-stimulating complexes (ISCOMs) were compared. Virus-neutralizing antibodies (NA) against HIV-1SF2 reached similar titers in the two rgp120SF2 protein-immunized groups, but the responses showed different kinetics, while NA were delayed and their levels were low in the DNA-immunized animals. Antigen-specific gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) T-helper (type 1-like) responses were detected in the DNA-immunized group, but only after the fourth immunization, and the rgp120/MF59 group generated both IFN-gamma and interleukin-4 (IL-4) (type 2-like) responses that appeared after the third immunization. In contrast, rgp120/ISCOM-immunized animals rapidly developed marked IL-2, IFN-gamma (type 1-like), and IL-4 responses that peaked after the second immunization. To determine which type of immune responses correlated with protection from infection, all animals were challenged intravenously with 50 50% infective doses of a rhesus cell-propagated, in vivo-titrated stock of a chimeric simian immunodeficiency virus-HIVSF13 construct. Protection was observed in the two groups receiving the rgp120 subunit vaccines. Half of the animals in the ISCOM group were completely protected from infection. In other subunit vaccinees there was evidence by multiple assays that virus detected at 2 weeks postchallenge was effectively cleared. Early induction of potent type 1- as well as type 2-like T-helper responses induced the most-effective immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Verschoor
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Center, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
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49
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Fuller DH, Simpson L, Cole KS, Clements JE, Panicali DL, Montelaro RC, Murphey-Corb M, Haynes JR. Gene gun-based nucleic acid immunization alone or in combination with recombinant vaccinia vectors suppresses virus burden in rhesus macaques challenged with a heterologous SIV. Immunol Cell Biol 1997; 75:389-96. [PMID: 9315483 DOI: 10.1038/icb.1997.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Gene gun-based DNA immunization alone or in combination with recombinant vaccinia vectors was evaluated for the ability to elicit protective immune responses in rhesus macaques challenged with a pathogenic, heterologous simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). Six monkeys primed with seven consecutive doses of DNA encoding SIVmac239 gp120 and gp160 (DNA + DNA) were divided into two groups. Three of these animals received another DNA booster immunization and the remaining three received a booster immunization containing a homologous, live recombinant vaccinia virus expressing SIVmac251 gp160 (DNA + VAC). In addition, a group of 15 animals primed with recombinant vaccinia vectors were divided into two groups. One group of six monkeys received another immunization of vaccinia (VAC + VAC) and the other nine animals received a DNA (mac239) booster immunization (VAC + DNA). Geometric mean end-point IgG titres in the DNA + VAC and VAC + DNA groups were substantially higher than the responses seen in the VAC + VAC and DNA + DNA groups, demonstrating a synergistic relationship between DNA-based vaccines and recombinant vaccinia virus-based vaccines. All vaccinates and five naive controls were challenged 19 weeks after the final booster immunization with 10 animal infectious doses of SIVDelta/B670. The vaccines did not prevent infection. However, all vaccine groups showed significant virus load reductions from seven to 56 days post challenge when compared to controls. Although the DNA + DNA group developed the lowest prechallenge antibody responses, the most significant reduction (200-fold) in virus load was associated with this group. In addition, a significant delay in CD4+ T cell loss relative to controls was observed in the DNA + DNA group. These results demonstrate that a gene gun-based DNA vaccine provided some attenuation of infection and CD4+ T cell loss after a heterologous challenge.
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50
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Barnett SW, Rajasekar S, Legg H, Doe B, Fuller DH, Haynes JR, Walker CM, Steimer KS. Vaccination with HIV-1 gp120 DNA induces immune responses that are boosted by a recombinant gp120 protein subunit. Vaccine 1997; 15:869-73. [PMID: 9234536 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(96)00264-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Small animals were immunized with plasmid DNA encoding HIV-1 envelope gp120 either intramuscularly by needle injection (mice and guinea pigs) or epidermally with the Accell gene gun (guinea pits). Subsequently, the animals were boosted with a recombinant gp120 protein subunit vaccine in an oil-in-water based adjuvant, MF59. Antibodies and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) immune responses to the HIV envelope glycoprotein were observed in animals immunized with gp120 DNA derived from the HIV-1SF2 laboratory strain or from HIV-1 field isolates. Titers of ELISA antibodies and serum neutralizing antibodies against the HIV-1SF2 laboratory isolate were substantially increased in DNA-immunized animals following a single boost with recombinant gp120 protein subunit. This DNA prime/protein subunit boost immunization approach may be important for vaccination against infectious agents such as HIV for which it is difficult to raise strong antiviral humoral responses with DNA vaccination alone.
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MESH Headings
- AIDS Vaccines/administration & dosage
- AIDS Vaccines/genetics
- AIDS Vaccines/immunology
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/prevention & control
- Adjuvants, Immunologic
- Animals
- Biolistics
- DNA, Viral/immunology
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Guinea Pigs
- HIV Antibodies/biosynthesis
- HIV Envelope Protein gp120/administration & dosage
- HIV Envelope Protein gp120/genetics
- HIV Envelope Protein gp120/immunology
- Injections, Intramuscular
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Plasmids/genetics
- Polysorbates/analysis
- Squalene/analysis
- Squalene/immunology
- Surface-Active Agents
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Vaccination
- Vaccines, DNA/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
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