1
|
Sacco MA, Crosetti A. GGERV20, a recently integrated, segregating endogenous retrovirus in Gallus gallus. J Gen Virol 2020; 101:299-308. [PMID: 31916930 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are widespread in vertebrate genomes. The recent availability of whole eukaryotic genomes has enabled their characterization in many organisms, including Gallus gallus (red jungle fowl), the progenitor of the domesticated chicken. Our bioinformatics analysis of a G. gallus ERV previously designated GGERV20 identified 35 proviruses with complete long terminal repeats (LTRs) and gag-pol open reading frames (ORFs) in the Genome Reference Consortium Chicken Build 6a, of which 8 showed potential for translation of functional retroviral polyproteins, including the integrase and reverse transcriptase enzymes. No elements were discovered with an env gene. Fifteen loci had LTR sequences with 100 % identity, indicative of recent integration. Chicken embryo fibroblast RNA-seq datasets showed reads representing the entire length of the GGERV20 provirus, supporting their potential for expressing viral proteins. To investigate the possibility that GGERV20 elements may not be fixed in the genome, we assessed the integration status of five loci in a meat-type chicken. PCRs targeting a GGERV20 locus on G. gallus chromosome one (GGERV201-1) reproducibly amplified both LTRs and the preintegration state, indicating that the bird from which the DNA was sampled was hemizygous at this locus. The four other loci examined only produced the preintegration state amplicons. These results reveal that GGERV20 is not fixed in the G. gallus population, and taken together with the lack of mutations seen in several provirus LTRs and their transcriptional activity, suggest that GGERV20 retroviruses have recently been and continue to be active in the chicken genome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Ann Sacco
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, California State University, Fullerton, CA 92834-6850, USA
| | - Anna Crosetti
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, California State University, Fullerton, CA 92834-6850, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yu C, Wei K, Liu L, Yang S, Hu L, Zhao P, Meng X, Shao M, Wang C, Zhu L, Zhang H, Li Y, Zhu R. Taishan Pinus massoniana pollen polysaccharide inhibits subgroup J avian leucosis virus infection by directly blocking virus infection and improving immunity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44353. [PMID: 28287165 PMCID: PMC5347021 DOI: 10.1038/srep44353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Subgroup J avian leucosis virus (ALV-J) generally causes neoplastic diseases, immunosuppression and subsequently increases susceptibility to secondary infection in birds. The spread of ALV-J mainly depends on congenital infection and horizontal contact. Although ALV-J infection causes enormous losses yearly in the poultry industry worldwide, effective measures to control ALV-J remain lacking. In this study, we demonstrated that Taishan Pinus massoniana pollen polysaccharide (TPPPS), a natural polysaccharide extracted from Taishan Pinus massoniana pollen, can significantly inhibit ALV-J replication in vitro by blocking viral adsorption to host cells. Electron microscopy and blocking ELISA tests revealed that TPPPS possibly blocks viral adsorption to host cells by interacting with the glycoprotein 85 protein of ALV-J. Furthermore, we artificially established a congenitally ALV-J-infected chicken model to examine the anti-viral effects of TPPPS in vivo. TPPPS significantly inhibited viral shedding and viral loads in immune organs and largely eliminated the immunosuppression caused by congenital ALV-J infection. Additionally, pre-administration of TPPPS obviously reduced the size and delayed the occurrence of tumors induced by acute oncogenic ALV-J infection. This study revealed the prominent effects and feasible mechanisms of TPPPS in inhibiting ALV-J infection, thereby providing a novel prospect to control ALV-J spread.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cuilian Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Kai Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Liping Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Shifa Yang
- Poultry Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan, Shandong, 250023, China
| | - Liping Hu
- Shandong Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Xiuyan Meng
- Taishan Polytechnic, Taian, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Mingxu Shao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Chuanwen Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Lijun Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Ruiliang Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271000, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cui P, Löber U, Alquezar-Planas DE, Ishida Y, Courtiol A, Timms P, Johnson RN, Lenz D, Helgen KM, Roca AL, Hartman S, Greenwood AD. Comprehensive profiling of retroviral integration sites using target enrichment methods from historical koala samples without an assembled reference genome. PeerJ 2016; 4:e1847. [PMID: 27069793 PMCID: PMC4824918 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Retroviral integration into the host germline results in permanent viral colonization of vertebrate genomes. The koala retrovirus (KoRV) is currently invading the germline of the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) and provides a unique opportunity for studying retroviral endogenization. Previous analysis of KoRV integration patterns in modern koalas demonstrate that they share integration sites primarily if they are related, indicating that the process is currently driven by vertical transmission rather than infection. However, due to methodological challenges, KoRV integrations have not been comprehensively characterized. Results. To overcome these challenges, we applied and compared three target enrichment techniques coupled with next generation sequencing (NGS) and a newly customized sequence-clustering based computational pipeline to determine the integration sites for 10 museum Queensland and New South Wales (NSW) koala samples collected between the 1870s and late 1980s. A secondary aim of this study sought to identify common integration sites across modern and historical specimens by comparing our dataset to previously published studies. Several million sequences were processed, and the KoRV integration sites in each koala were characterized. Conclusions. Although the three enrichment methods each exhibited bias in integration site retrieval, a combination of two methods, Primer Extension Capture and hybridization capture is recommended for future studies on historical samples. Moreover, identification of integration sites shows that the proportion of integration sites shared between any two koalas is quite small.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pin Cui
- Department of Wildlife Diseases, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Löber
- Department of Wildlife Diseases, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry & Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - David E Alquezar-Planas
- Department of Wildlife Diseases, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yasuko Ishida
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Alexandre Courtiol
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Timms
- University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs Queensland, Australia
| | - Rebecca N Johnson
- Australian Centre for Wildlife Genomics, Australian Museum, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dorina Lenz
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristofer M Helgen
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alfred L Roca
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Stefanie Hartman
- Institute of Biochemistry & Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Alex D Greenwood
- Department of Wildlife Diseases, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wragg D, Mwacharo JM, Alcalde JA, Wang C, Han JL, Gongora J, Gourichon D, Tixier-Boichard M, Hanotte O. Endogenous retrovirus EAV-HP linked to blue egg phenotype in Mapuche fowl. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71393. [PMID: 23990950 PMCID: PMC3747184 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Oocyan or blue/green eggshell colour is an autosomal dominant trait found in native chickens (Mapuche fowl) of Chile and in some of their descendants in European and North American modern breeds. We report here the identification of an endogenous avian retroviral (EAV-HP) insertion in oocyan Mapuche fowl and European breeds. Sequencing data reveals 100% retroviral identity between the Mapuche and European insertions. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis of European oocyan chicken indicates over-expression of the SLCO1B3 gene (P<0.05) in the shell gland and oviduct. Predicted transcription factor binding sites in the long terminal repeats (LTR) indicate AhR/Ar, a modulator of oestrogen, as a possible promoter/enhancer leading to reproductive tissue-specific over-expression of the SLCO1B3 gene. Analysis of all jungle fowl species Gallus sp. supports the retroviral insertion to be a post-domestication event, while identical LTR sequences within domestic chickens are in agreement with a recent de novo mutation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Wragg
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics, School of Biology, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Joram M. Mwacharo
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics, School of Biology, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - José A. Alcalde
- Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Facultad de Agronomia e Ingenieria Forestal, Santiago, Chile
| | - Chen Wang
- CAAS-ILRI Joint Laboratory on Livestock and Forage Genetic Resources, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Lin Han
- CAAS-ILRI Joint Laboratory on Livestock and Forage Genetic Resources, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jaime Gongora
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Gourichon
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UE1295 Poultry Experimental Platform of Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Michèle Tixier-Boichard
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, UMR1313 Animal Genetics and Integrative Biology, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Olivier Hanotte
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics, School of Biology, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yang YY, Qin AJ, Liang XY, Tong SM. Expression of endogenous retrovirus ev/J gp85 gene and analysis of its immunoreactivity in comparison with exogenous viral protein. Virol Sin 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s12250-008-2971-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
|
6
|
Sacco MA, Howes K, Smith LP, Nair VK. Assessing the roles of endogenous retrovirus EAV-HP in avian leukosis virus subgroup J emergence and tolerance. J Virol 2004; 78:10525-35. [PMID: 15367619 PMCID: PMC516401 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.78.19.10525-10535.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian leukosis virus (ALV) subgroup J is thought to have emerged through a recombination event between an unknown exogenous ALV and the endogenous retrovirus elements designated EAV-HP. All EAV-HP elements identified to date in the chicken genome show large deletions, including that of the entire pol gene. Here we report the identification of four segregating chicken EAV-HP proviruses with complete pol genes, one of which shows exceptionally high sequence identity and a close phylogenetic relationship with ALV-J with respect to the env gene. Embryonic expression of EAV-HP env has been suggested as a factor associated with immunological tolerance induction in a proportion of ALV-J-infected meat-type chickens. In support of this, env gene transcripts expressed from two of the four newly identified EAV-HP proviruses were demonstrated in chicken embryos. However, when ALV-J-infected outbred meat-type chickens were assessed, the presence of intact EAV-HP proviruses failed to directly correlate with ALV-J tolerance. This association was further examined using F(2) progeny of two inbred lines of layer chicken that differed in EAV-HP status and immunological responses to ALV-J. Immunological tolerance developed in a small proportion of F(2) progeny birds, reflecting the expected phenotypic ratio for inheritance of a double-recessive genotype; however, the status of tolerance did not show any direct correlation with the presence of the intact EAV-HP sequence. Nevertheless, identification of an intact chicken EAV-HP locus showing a uniquely close relationship to the ALV-J prototype clone HPRS-103 in the env region provides the strongest evidence of its contribution to the emergence of ALV-J by recombination.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Avian Leukosis/immunology
- Avian Leukosis/virology
- Avian Leukosis Virus/classification
- Avian Leukosis Virus/genetics
- Avian Leukosis Virus/immunology
- Base Sequence
- Chick Embryo
- Chickens/virology
- DNA, Viral/chemistry
- DNA, Viral/isolation & purification
- Endogenous Retroviruses/genetics
- Endogenous Retroviruses/immunology
- Evolution, Molecular
- Gene Expression Regulation, Viral
- Genes, env
- Genes, pol
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Phylogeny
- Proviruses/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- RNA, Messenger/isolation & purification
- RNA, Viral/analysis
- RNA, Viral/isolation & purification
- Recombination, Genetic
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie A Sacco
- Institute for Animal Health, Compton, Newbury, Berkshire, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Negash T, al-Garib SO, Gruys E. Comparison ofin ovoand post‐hatch vaccination with particular reference to infectious bursal disease. A review. Vet Q 2004; 26:76-87. [PMID: 15230052 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2004.9695170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In ovo vaccination is an alternative approach to post-hatch vaccination of chickens, particularly in broilers. Vaccination at embryonation day 18 helps to 'close the window' of susceptibility i.e. the time between vaccination and early exposure to infectious agents compared with post-hatch vaccination. Attempts on embryonal vaccination as a mode of vaccine delivery were approached from the observation that chickens already develop certain immunologic functions before hatching. The immune system in birds begins to develop early during embryogenesis and various immune reactions have been induced in the late stage chicken embryos. Compared with post-hatch vaccination, in ovo vaccination stimulates both the innate and adaptive immune responses with the advantage that because of the prenatal immunization, in ovo vaccinated chicks have developed an appreciable degree of protection by the time of hatch. Effects of maternal antibodies on vaccines to be used for in ovo vaccination can be prevented by developing vaccines that are insensitive to maternal antibodies. It has been described that vaccination of chicken embryos at embryonation day 18 did not significantly affect the immune competence of hatched chickens. The apparent absence of tolerance in chicks hatched from embryos exposed to an antigen at the late stage of embryonation implies the feasibility of in ovo vaccination. Investigations on in ovo vaccination to produce safe and efficient vaccines are still in progress. Currently a large number of vaccines are under investigation for viral, bacterial and protozoal diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Negash
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, P.O. Box 80158, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Denesvre C, Soubieux D, Pin G, Hue D, Dambrine G. Interference between avian endogenous ev/J 4.1 and exogenous ALV-J retroviral envelopes. J Gen Virol 2003; 84:3233-3238. [PMID: 14645905 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.19381-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A new family of avian retroviral endogenous sequences designated ev/J or EAV-HP has been identified recently. Here an additional avian ev/J 4.1 endogenous sequence, ev/J 4.1 Rb, is reported. ev/J 4.1 Rb has the most extensive amino acid identity ever described for an endogenous envelope protein with the ALV-J avian leukosis virus. Here, we also demonstrate that ev/J 4.1 Rb functionally pseudotypes murine leukaemia virions and leads to a complete reciprocal interference with ALV-J envelopes. This is the first demonstration of such a high level of envelope interference between endogenous and exogenous avian retroviruses. Our results provide additional clues on the co-evolution of retroviral sequences among vertebrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gaelle Pin
- BASE, INRA Centre de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|