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Tisoncik-Go J, Lewis TB, Whitmore LS, Voss K, Niemeyer S, Dai J, Kim P, Hubbell K, Iwayama N, Ahrens C, Wangari S, Murnane R, Edlefsen PT, Guerriero KA, Gale M, Fuller DH, O'Connor MA. Chronic innate immune impairment and ZIKV persistence in the gastrointestinal tract during SIV infection in pigtail macaques. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.23.609309. [PMID: 39229223 PMCID: PMC11370579 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.23.609309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Mosquito borne flaviviruses, including dengue (DENV) and Zika (ZIKV) viruses, have caused global epidemics in areas with high HIV prevalence due to the expanded geographic range of arthropod vectors. Despite the occurrence of large flavivirus outbreaks in countries with high HIV prevalence, there is little knowledge regarding the effects of flavivirus infection in people living with HIV (PLWH). Here, we use a pigtail macaque model of HIV/AIDS to investigate the impact of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-induced immunosuppression on ZIKV replication and pathogenesis. Early acute SIV infection induced expansion of peripheral ZIKV cellular targets and increased innate immune activation and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from SIV infected macaques were less permissive to ZIKV infection in vitro. In SIV-ZIKV co-infected animals, we found increased persistence of ZIKV in the periphery and tissues corresponding to alterations in innate cellular (monocytes, neutrophils) recruitment to the blood and tissues, decreased anti-ZIKV immunity, and chronic peripheral inflammatory and innate immune gene expression. Collectively, these findings suggest that untreated SIV infection may impair cellular innate responses and create an environment of chronic immune activation that promotes prolonged ZIKV viremia and persistence in the gastrointestinal tract. These results suggest that PLWH or other immunocompromised individuals could be at a higher risk for chronic ZIKV replication, which in turn could increase the timeframe of ZIKV transmission. Thus, PLWH are important populations to target during the deployment of vaccine and treatment strategies against ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Tisoncik-Go
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington (Seattle, Washington)
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington (Seattle, Washington)
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease (CIIID), University of Washington (Seattle, Washington)
| | - Thomas B Lewis
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington (Seattle, Washington)
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington (Seattle, Washington)
| | - Leanne S Whitmore
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington (Seattle, Washington)
| | - Kathleen Voss
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington (Seattle, Washington)
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington (Seattle, Washington)
| | - Skyler Niemeyer
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington (Seattle, Washington)
| | - Jin Dai
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington (Seattle, Washington)
| | - Paul Kim
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington (Seattle, Washington)
| | - Kai Hubbell
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington (Seattle, Washington)
| | - Naoto Iwayama
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington (Seattle, Washington)
| | - Chul Ahrens
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington (Seattle, Washington)
| | - Solomon Wangari
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington (Seattle, Washington)
| | - Robert Murnane
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington (Seattle, Washington)
| | | | - Kathryn A Guerriero
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington (Seattle, Washington)
| | - Michael Gale
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington (Seattle, Washington)
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington (Seattle, Washington)
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease (CIIID), University of Washington (Seattle, Washington)
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington (Seattle, Washington)
| | - Deborah H Fuller
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington (Seattle, Washington)
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington (Seattle, Washington)
| | - Megan A O'Connor
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington (Seattle, Washington)
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington (Seattle, Washington)
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Aguilar CC, Kalia A, Brisse ME, Dowd KA, Wise-Dent O, Burgomaster KE, Droppo J, Pierson TC, Hickman HD. Subcapsular sinus macrophages maximize germinal center development in non-draining lymph nodes during blood-borne viral infection. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eadi4926. [PMID: 38457515 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adi4926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Lymph node (LN) germinal centers (GCs) are critical sites for B cell activation and differentiation. GCs develop after specialized CD169+ macrophages residing in LN sinuses filter antigens (Ags) from the lymph and relay these Ags into proximal B cell follicles. Many viruses, however, first reach LNs through the blood during viremia (virus in the blood), rather than through lymph drainage from infected tissue. How LNs capture viral Ag from the blood to allow GC development is not known. Here, we followed Zika virus (ZIKV) dissemination in mice and subsequent GC formation in both infected tissue-draining and non-draining LNs. From the footpad, ZIKV initially disseminated through two LN chains, infecting LN macrophages and leading to GC formation. Despite rapid ZIKV viremia, non-draining LNs were not infected for several days. Non-draining LN infection correlated with virus-induced vascular leakage and neutralization of permeability reduced LN macrophage attrition. Depletion of non-draining LN macrophages significantly decreased GC B cells in these nodes. Thus, although LNs inefficiently captured viral Ag directly from the blood, GC formation in non-draining LNs proceeded similarly to draining LNs through LN sinus CD169+ macrophages. Together, our findings reveal a conserved pathway allowing LN macrophages to activate antiviral B cells in LNs distal from infected tissue after blood-borne viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia C Aguilar
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anurag Kalia
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Morgan E Brisse
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kimberly A Dowd
- Arbovirus Immunity Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Olivia Wise-Dent
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Katherine E Burgomaster
- Arbovirus Immunity Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joanna Droppo
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Theodore C Pierson
- Arbovirus Immunity Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Heather D Hickman
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Rippee-Brooks MD, Marcinczyk RN, Lupfer CR. What came first, the virus or the egg: Innate immunity during viral coinfections. Immunol Rev 2020; 297:194-206. [PMID: 32761626 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Infections with any pathogen can be severe and present with numerous complications caused by the pathogen or the host immune response to the invading microbe. However, coinfections, also called polymicrobial infections or secondary infections, can further exacerbate disease. Coinfections are more common than is often appreciated. In this review, we focus specifically on coinfections between viruses and other viruses, bacteria, parasites, or fungi. Importantly, innate immune signaling and innate immune cells that facilitate clearance of the initial viral infection can affect host susceptibility to coinfections. Understanding these immune imbalances may facilitate better diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of such coinfections.
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Immunopathology of Zika virus infection. Adv Virus Res 2020; 107:223-246. [PMID: 32711730 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne virus of the flavivirus genus in the Flaviviridae family. Flaviviruses are single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses that have been responsible for numerous human epidemics. Notable flaviviruses include mosquito-borne viruses such as yellow fever virus (YFV), Dengue virus (DENV), West Nile virus (WNV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), as well as tick-borne viruses including Powassan virus (POWV) and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). Despite having been relatively obscure until the past decade, ZIKV has become a major global health concern, and is a topic of active research following multiple outbreaks across the globe. Here, we discuss ZIKV pathogenesis and the associated immunopathology, as well as advances in research, therapies, and vaccines developed using models of ZIKV pathogenesis.
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Lobkowicz L, Ramond A, Sanchez Clemente N, Ximenes RADA, Miranda-Filho DDB, Montarroyos UR, Martelli CMT, de Araújo TVB, Brickley EB. The frequency and clinical presentation of Zika virus coinfections: a systematic review. BMJ Glob Health 2020; 5:e002350. [PMID: 32381652 PMCID: PMC7228501 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited knowledge on the influence of concurrent coinfections on the clinical presentation of Zika virus (ZIKV) disease. METHODS To better understand the types, frequencies and clinical manifestations of ZIKV coinfections, we did a systematic review of four databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, LILACS) without restrictions for studies on ZIKV coinfections confirmed by nucleic acid (quantitative real-time-PCR) testing of ZIKV and coinfecting pathogens. The review aimed to identify cohort, cross-sectional, case series and case report studies that described frequencies and/or clinical signs and symptoms of ZIKV coinfections. Conference abstracts, reviews, commentaries and studies with imprecise pathogen diagnoses and/or no clinical evaluations were excluded. RESULTS The search identified 34 articles from 10 countries, comprising 2 cohort, 10 cross-sectional, 8 case series and 14 case report studies. Coinfections were most frequently reported to have occurred with other arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses); out of the 213 coinfections described, ZIKV infections co-occurred with chikungunya in 115 cases, with dengue in 68 cases and with both viruses in 19 cases. Other coinfecting agents included human immunodeficiency, Epstein-Barr, human herpes and Mayaro viruses, Leptospira spp, Toxoplasma gondii and Schistosoma mansoni. ZIKV-coinfected cases primarily presented with mild clinical features, typical of ZIKV monoinfection; however, 9% of cases in cohort and cross-sectional studies were reported to experience complications. CONCLUSION Based on the evidence collated in this review, coinfections do not appear to strongly influence the clinical manifestations of uncomplicated ZIKV infections. Further research is needed to confirm whether risk of severe complications is altered when ZIKV infection co-occurs with other infections. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42018111023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Lobkowicz
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Anna Ramond
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Nuria Sanchez Clemente
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Elizabeth B Brickley
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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