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MacCarthy CM, Wu G, Malik V, Menuchin-Lasowski Y, Velychko T, Keshet G, Fan R, Bedzhov I, Church GM, Jauch R, Cojocaru V, Schöler HR, Velychko S. Highly cooperative chimeric super-SOX induces naive pluripotency across species. Cell Stem Cell 2024; 31:127-147.e9. [PMID: 38141611 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of pluripotency remains limited: iPSC generation has only been established for a few model species, pluripotent stem cell lines exhibit inconsistent developmental potential, and germline transmission has only been demonstrated for mice and rats. By swapping structural elements between Sox2 and Sox17, we built a chimeric super-SOX factor, Sox2-17, that enhanced iPSC generation in five tested species: mouse, human, cynomolgus monkey, cow, and pig. A swap of alanine to valine at the interface between Sox2 and Oct4 delivered a gain of function by stabilizing Sox2/Oct4 dimerization on DNA, enabling generation of high-quality OSKM iPSCs capable of supporting the development of healthy all-iPSC mice. Sox2/Oct4 dimerization emerged as the core driver of naive pluripotency with its levels diminished upon priming. Transient overexpression of the SK cocktail (Sox+Klf4) restored the dimerization and boosted the developmental potential of pluripotent stem cells across species, providing a universal method for naive reset in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guangming Wu
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany; International Bio Island, Guangzhou, China; MingCeler Biotech, Guangzhou, China
| | - Vikas Malik
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Taras Velychko
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gal Keshet
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rui Fan
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Ivan Bedzhov
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - George M Church
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Wyss Institute, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ralf Jauch
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Centre for Translational Stem Cell Biology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Vlad Cojocaru
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany; University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; STAR-UBB Institute, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Hans R Schöler
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany.
| | - Sergiy Velychko
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Wyss Institute, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
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2
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Shojaee A, Huang SSC. Robust discovery of gene regulatory networks from single-cell gene expression data by Causal Inference Using Composition of Transactions. Brief Bioinform 2023; 24:bbad370. [PMID: 37897702 PMCID: PMC10612495 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbad370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene regulatory networks (GRNs) drive organism structure and functions, so the discovery and characterization of GRNs is a major goal in biological research. However, accurate identification of causal regulatory connections and inference of GRNs using gene expression datasets, more recently from single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq), has been challenging. Here we employ the innovative method of Causal Inference Using Composition of Transactions (CICT) to uncover GRNs from scRNA-seq data. The basis of CICT is that if all gene expressions were random, a non-random regulatory gene should induce its targets at levels different from the background random process, resulting in distinct patterns in the whole relevance network of gene-gene associations. CICT proposes novel network features derived from a relevance network, which enable any machine learning algorithm to predict causal regulatory edges and infer GRNs. We evaluated CICT using simulated and experimental scRNA-seq data in a well-established benchmarking pipeline and showed that CICT outperformed existing network inference methods representing diverse approaches with many-fold higher accuracy. Furthermore, we demonstrated that GRN inference with CICT was robust to different levels of sparsity in scRNA-seq data, the characteristics of data and ground truth, the choice of association measure and the complexity of the supervised machine learning algorithm. Our results suggest aiming at directly predicting causality to recover regulatory relationships in complex biological networks substantially improves accuracy in GRN inference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Shojaee
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Shao-shan Carol Huang
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
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3
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Swamynathan SK, Swamynathan S. Corneal epithelial development and homeostasis. Differentiation 2023; 132:4-14. [PMID: 36870804 PMCID: PMC10363238 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
The corneal epithelium (CE), the most anterior cellular structure of the eye, is a self-renewing stratified squamous tissue that protects the rest of the eye from external elements. Each cell in this exquisite three-dimensional structure needs to have proper polarity and positional awareness for the CE to serve as a transparent, refractive, and protective tissue. Recent studies have begun to elucidate the molecular and cellular events involved in the embryonic development, post-natal maturation, and homeostasis of the CE, and how they are regulated by a well-coordinated network of transcription factors. This review summarizes the status of related knowledge and aims to provide insight into the pathophysiology of disorders caused by disruption of CE development, and/or homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sudha Swamynathan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
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4
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Park J, Park S, Lee JS. Role of the Paf1 complex in the maintenance of stem cell pluripotency and development. FEBS J 2023; 290:951-961. [PMID: 35869661 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cell identity is determined by the transcriptional regulation of a cell-type-specific gene group. The Paf1 complex (Paf1C), an RNA polymerase II-associating factor, is an important transcriptional regulator that not only participates in transcription elongation and termination but also affects transcription-coupled histone modifications and chromatin organisation. Recent studies have shown that Paf1C is involved in the expression of genes required for self-renewal and pluripotency in stem cells and tumorigenesis. In this review, we focused on the role of Paf1C as a critical transcriptional regulator in cell fate decisions. Paf1C affects the pluripotency of stem cells by regulating the expression of core transcription factors such as Oct4 and Nanog. In addition, Paf1C directly binds to the promoters or distant elements of target genes, thereby maintaining the pluripotency in embryonic stem cells derived from an early stage of the mammalian embryo. Paf1C is upregulated in cancer stem cells, as compared with that in cancer cells, suggesting that Paf1C may be a target for cancer therapy. Interestingly, Paf1C is involved in multiple developmental stages in Drosophila, zebrafish, mice and even humans, thereby displaying a trend for the correlation between Paf1C and cell fate. Thus, we propose that Paf1C is a critical contributor to cell differentiation, cell specification and its characteristics and could be employed as a therapeutic target in developmental diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Park
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Korea
| | - Shinae Park
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Korea
| | - Jung-Shin Lee
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Korea
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5
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Liu YR, Li WC, Hu JH, Li QQ, Zhang YP, Lu KH, Xu HY, Liang XW, Lu YQ, Yang XG. Comparison of the effects of buffalo LIF and mouse LIF on the in vitro culture of buffalo spermatogonia. Cell Biol Int 2023; 47:981-989. [PMID: 36691872 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is an important growth factor that supports the culture and maintenance of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) by suppressing spontaneous differentiation. Different LIF sequences may lead to differences in function. The protein sequences of buffalo LIF and mouse LIF differed by 65.5% according to MEGA software analysis. The PB-LIF-GFP-Puro vector was constructed, and the CHO-K1 cell line was established. The final LIF protein concentration in the CHO-K1 cell culture medium was approximately 4.268 ng/mL. Here, we report that buffalo LIF effectively maintains the self-renewal of buffalo spermatogonia during culture. Buffalo spermatogonia were cultured in conditioned medium containing no LIF (0 ng/mL), mouse LIF (1 ng/mL), mouse LIF (10 ng/mL), or buffalo LIF (1 ng/mL). Furthermore, the effects of mouse LIF and buffalo LIF culture on the maintenance of buffalo spermatogonia were determined by analyzing cell colony formation, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, cell immunofluorescence, and cell counting. The buffalo LIF (1 ng/mL) group showed similar maintenance of the proliferation of buffalo spermatogonia to that in the mouse LIF (10 ng/mL) group. These results demonstrated that the proliferation of buffalo spermatogonia can be maintained in vitro by adding a low dose of buffalo LIF. This study provides a foundation for the further optimization of in vitro buffalo SSC culture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Ru Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilisation of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,College of Animal Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Wang Chang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilisation of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,College of Animal Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jia Hao Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilisation of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,College of Animal Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qi Qi Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilisation of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,College of Animal Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ya Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilisation of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,College of Animal Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ke Huan Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilisation of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,College of Animal Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Hui Yan Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilisation of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,College of Animal Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xing Wei Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilisation of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,College of Animal Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yang Qing Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilisation of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,College of Animal Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiao Gan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilisation of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,College of Animal Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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6
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Xiao L, Zhu J, Liu Z, Wu B, Zhou X, Wei Y, Sun F, Wang Z, Quan S, Li Q, Wang J, Huang L, Ma Y. Different transcriptional profiles of human embryonic stem cells grown in a feeder-free culture system and on human foreskin fibroblast feeder layers. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:7443-7454. [PMID: 36103219 PMCID: PMC9550256 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Feeder cells provide an optimal microenvironment for the propagation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) by supplying currently known or unknown factors. However, the hESCs grown on feeder cells are not suitable for the purpose of clinical application because of the risk of contamination. In recent years, the feeder-free culture method has been developed to eliminate contamination, but some studies show that hESCs exhibit poor growth patterns in a feeder-free culture system. Regarding this phenomenon, we speculate that some genes related to hESC propagation were differently expressed in hESCs grown on feeder cells. To test this hypothesis, 3 hESC lines (NF4, NF5 and P096) were efficiently expanded in a feeder-free culture system or on human foreskin fibroblast (HFF) cells. The different gene expression patterns of hESCs in these 2 conditions were analyzed through microarrays. The results revealed that the hESCs cultured in both conditions maintained the expression of stemness markers and the ability to spontaneously differentiate into the 3 germ layers. The analysis of gene expression profiles revealed that 23 lncRNA and 15 genes were significantly differentially expressed in these two culture conditions. Furthermore, GO analyses showed that these genes were involved in such biological processes as growth factor stimuli, cell growth, and stem cell maintenance. To summarize, our study demonstrated that the hESCs grown on the HFF showed different gene expression patterns compared to those grown in a feeder-free culture system, suggesting that these differently expressed lncRNAs and genes played important roles in maintaining hESC propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Juan Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Reproductive Medicine and Genetic Research, Reproductive Medical Center, Hainan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Thalassemia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570102, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570102, Hainan, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- College of Medical Laboratory Science, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China
| | - Bangyong Wu
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Reproductive Medicine and Genetic Research, Reproductive Medical Center, Hainan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Thalassemia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570102, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570102, Hainan, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanxing Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Fei Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhijian Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Song Quan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi Li
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Reproductive Medicine and Genetic Research, Reproductive Medical Center, Hainan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Thalassemia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570102, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570102, Hainan, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Center for Molecular Development and Disease, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Liping Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanlin Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Reproductive Medicine and Genetic Research, Reproductive Medical Center, Hainan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Thalassemia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570102, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570102, Hainan, China
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7
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Oncofetal proteins and cancer stem cells. Essays Biochem 2022; 66:423-433. [PMID: 35670043 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20220025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered as a small population of cells with stem-like properties within the tumor bulk, and are largely responsible for tumor recurrence, metastasis, and therapy resistance. CSCs share critical features with embryonic stem cells (ESCs). The pluripotent transcription factors (TFs) and developmental signaling pathways of ESCs are invariably hijacked by CSCs termed ‘oncofetal drivers’ in many cancers, which are rarely detectable in adult tissues. The unique expression pattern makes oncofetal proteins ideal therapeutic targets in cancer treatment. Therefore, elucidation of oncofetal drivers in cancers is critical for the development of effective CSCs-directed therapy. In this review, we summarize the common pluripotent TFs such as OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, KLF4, MYC, SALL4, and FOXM1, as well as the development signaling including Wnt/β-catenin, Hedgehog (Hh), Hippo, Notch, and TGF-β pathways of ESCs and CSCs. We also describe the newly identified oncofetal proteins that drive the self-renewal, plasticity, and therapy-resistance of CSCs. Finally, we explore how the clinical implementation of targeting oncofetal drivers, including small-molecule inhibitors, vaccines, antibodies, and CAR-T (chimeric antigen receptor T cell) can facilitate the development of CSCs-directed therapy.
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Olechnowicz A, Oleksiewicz U, Machnik M. KRAB-ZFPs and cancer stem cells identity. Genes Dis 2022. [PMID: 37492743 PMCID: PMC10363567 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on carcinogenesis continue to provide new information about different disease-related processes. Among others, much research has focused on the involvement of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in tumor initiation and progression. Studying the similarities and differences between CSCs and physiological stem cells (SCs) allows for a better understanding of cancer biology. Recently, it was shown that stem cell identity is partially governed by the Krϋppel-associated box domain zinc finger proteins (KRAB-ZFPs), the biggest family of transcription regulators. Several KRAB-ZFP factors exert a known effect in tumor cells, acting as tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) or oncogenes, yet their role in CSCs is still poorly characterized. Here, we review recent studies regarding the influence of KRAB-ZFPs and their cofactor protein TRIM28 on CSCs phenotype, stemness features, migration and invasion potential, metastasis, and expression of parental markers.
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Hassan G, Seno M. ERBB Signaling Pathway in Cancer Stem Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1393:65-81. [PMID: 36587302 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-12974-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was first tyrosine kinase receptor linked to human cancers. EGFR or ERBB1 is a member of ERBB subfamily, which consists of four type I transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases, ERBB1, 2, 3 and 4. ERBBs form homo/heterodimers after ligand binding except ERBB2 and consequently becomes activated. Different signal pathways, such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT), RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK, phospholipase Cγ and JAK-STAT, are triggered by ERBB activation. Since ERBBs, through these pathways, regulate stemness and differentiation of cancer stem cells (CSCs), their roles in CSC tumorigenicity have extensively been investigated. The hyperactivation of ERBBs and its downstream pathways stimulated by either genetic and/or epigenetic factors are frequently described in many types of human cancers. Their dysregulations make cells acquiring CSC characters such as survival, tumorigenicity and stemness. Because of the roles in tumor growth and progress, ERBBs are considered to be one of the drug targets as cancer treatment strategy. In this chapter, we will summarize the structure, function and roles of ERBB subfamily along with their relative pathways regulating the stemness and tumorigenicity of CSCs. Finally, we will discuss the targeting therapy strategies of cancer along with ERBBs in addition to some challenges and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghmkin Hassan
- Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Damascus, 10769, Syria
| | - Masaharu Seno
- Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
- Department of Cancer Stem Cell Engineering, Faculty of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
- Laboratory of Natural Food and Medicine, Co., Ltd, Okayama University Incubator, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
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10
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PRMT7: A Pivotal Arginine Methyltransferase in Stem Cells and Development. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:6241600. [PMID: 34712331 PMCID: PMC8548130 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6241600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methylation is a posttranslational modification catalyzed by protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs), which play critical roles in many biological processes. To date, nine PRMT family members, namely, PRMT1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9, have been identified in mammals. Among them, PRMT7 is a type III PRMT that can only catalyze the formation of monomethylarginine and plays pivotal roles in several kinds of stem cells. It has been reported that PRMT7 is closely associated with embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, muscle stem cells, and human cancer stem cells. PRMT7 deficiency or mutation led to severe developmental delay in mice and humans, which is possibly due to its crucial functions in stem cells. Here, we surveyed and summarized the studies on PRMT7 in stem cells and development in mice and humans and herein provide a discussion of the underlying molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, we also discuss the roles of PRMT7 in cancer, adipogenesis, male reproduction, cellular stress, and cellular senescence, as well as the future perspectives of PRMT7-related studies. Overall, PRMT7 mediates the proliferation and differentiation of stem cells. Deficiency or mutation of PRMT7 causes developmental delay, including defects in skeletal muscle, bone, adipose tissues, neuron, and male reproduction. A better understanding of the roles of PRMT7 in stem cells and development as well as the underlying mechanisms will provide information for the development of strategies for in-depth research of PRMT7 and stem cells as well as their applications in life sciences and medicine.
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11
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Walter K, Rodriguez-Aznar E, Ferreira MSV, Frappart PO, Dittrich T, Tiwary K, Meessen S, Lerma L, Daiss N, Schulte LA, Najafova Z, Arnold F, Usachov V, Azoitei N, Erkan M, Lechel A, Brümmendorf TH, Seufferlein T, Kleger A, Tabarés E, Günes C, Johnsen SA, Beier F, Sainz B, Hermann PC. Telomerase and Pluripotency Factors Jointly Regulate Stemness in Pancreatic Cancer Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133145. [PMID: 34201898 PMCID: PMC8268125 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess the role of telomerase activity and telomere length in pancreatic CSCs we used different CSC enrichment methods (CD133, ALDH, sphere formation) in primary patient-derived pancreatic cancer cells. We show that CSCs have higher telomerase activity and longer telomeres than bulk tumor cells. Inhibition of telomerase activity, using genetic knockdown or pharmacological inhibitor (BIBR1532), resulted in CSC marker depletion, abrogation of sphere formation in vitro and reduced tumorigenicity in vivo. Furthermore, we identify a positive feedback loop between stemness factors (NANOG, OCT3/4, SOX2, KLF4) and telomerase, which is essential for the self-renewal of CSCs. Disruption of the balance between telomerase activity and stemness factors eliminates CSCs via induction of DNA damage and apoptosis in primary patient-derived pancreatic cancer samples, opening future perspectives to avoid CSC-driven tumor relapse. In the present study, we demonstrate that telomerase regulation is critical for the "stemness" maintenance in pancreatic CSCs and examine the effects of telomerase inhibition as a potential treatment option of pancreatic cancer. This may significantly promote our understanding of PDAC tumor biology and may result in improved treatment for pancreatic cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolin Walter
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Centre Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (K.W.); (E.R.-A.); (P.-O.F.); (T.D.); (K.T.); (N.D.); (L.-A.S.); (F.A.); (V.U.); (N.A.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Eva Rodriguez-Aznar
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Centre Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (K.W.); (E.R.-A.); (P.-O.F.); (T.D.); (K.T.); (N.D.); (L.-A.S.); (F.A.); (V.U.); (N.A.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Monica S. Ventura Ferreira
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, 52062 Aachen, Germany; (M.S.V.F.); (T.H.B.); (F.B.)
| | - Pierre-Olivier Frappart
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Centre Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (K.W.); (E.R.-A.); (P.-O.F.); (T.D.); (K.T.); (N.D.); (L.-A.S.); (F.A.); (V.U.); (N.A.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.K.)
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Tabea Dittrich
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Centre Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (K.W.); (E.R.-A.); (P.-O.F.); (T.D.); (K.T.); (N.D.); (L.-A.S.); (F.A.); (V.U.); (N.A.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Kanishka Tiwary
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Centre Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (K.W.); (E.R.-A.); (P.-O.F.); (T.D.); (K.T.); (N.D.); (L.-A.S.); (F.A.); (V.U.); (N.A.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Sabine Meessen
- Department of Urology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (S.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Laura Lerma
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (L.L.); (E.T.)
| | - Nora Daiss
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Centre Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (K.W.); (E.R.-A.); (P.-O.F.); (T.D.); (K.T.); (N.D.); (L.-A.S.); (F.A.); (V.U.); (N.A.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Lucas-Alexander Schulte
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Centre Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (K.W.); (E.R.-A.); (P.-O.F.); (T.D.); (K.T.); (N.D.); (L.-A.S.); (F.A.); (V.U.); (N.A.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Zeynab Najafova
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Frank Arnold
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Centre Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (K.W.); (E.R.-A.); (P.-O.F.); (T.D.); (K.T.); (N.D.); (L.-A.S.); (F.A.); (V.U.); (N.A.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Valentyn Usachov
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Centre Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (K.W.); (E.R.-A.); (P.-O.F.); (T.D.); (K.T.); (N.D.); (L.-A.S.); (F.A.); (V.U.); (N.A.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Ninel Azoitei
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Centre Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (K.W.); (E.R.-A.); (P.-O.F.); (T.D.); (K.T.); (N.D.); (L.-A.S.); (F.A.); (V.U.); (N.A.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Mert Erkan
- Department of Surgery, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34450, Turkey;
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Andre Lechel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Centre Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (K.W.); (E.R.-A.); (P.-O.F.); (T.D.); (K.T.); (N.D.); (L.-A.S.); (F.A.); (V.U.); (N.A.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Tim H. Brümmendorf
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, 52062 Aachen, Germany; (M.S.V.F.); (T.H.B.); (F.B.)
| | - Thomas Seufferlein
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Centre Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (K.W.); (E.R.-A.); (P.-O.F.); (T.D.); (K.T.); (N.D.); (L.-A.S.); (F.A.); (V.U.); (N.A.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Alexander Kleger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Centre Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (K.W.); (E.R.-A.); (P.-O.F.); (T.D.); (K.T.); (N.D.); (L.-A.S.); (F.A.); (V.U.); (N.A.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Enrique Tabarés
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (L.L.); (E.T.)
| | - Cagatay Günes
- Department of Urology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (S.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Steven A. Johnsen
- Gene Regulatory Mechanisms and Molecular Epigenetics Lab, Gastroenterology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
| | - Fabian Beier
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, 52062 Aachen, Germany; (M.S.V.F.); (T.H.B.); (F.B.)
| | - Bruno Sainz
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Cancer Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Chronic Diseases and Cancer, Area 3—Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patrick C. Hermann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Centre Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (K.W.); (E.R.-A.); (P.-O.F.); (T.D.); (K.T.); (N.D.); (L.-A.S.); (F.A.); (V.U.); (N.A.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-731-500-44736
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12
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Wuputra K, Ku CC, Wu DC, Lin YC, Saito S, Yokoyama KK. Prevention of tumor risk associated with the reprogramming of human pluripotent stem cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:100. [PMID: 32493501 PMCID: PMC7268627 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01584-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human pluripotent embryonic stem cells have two special features: self-renewal and pluripotency. It is important to understand the properties of pluripotent stem cells and reprogrammed stem cells. One of the major problems is the risk of reprogrammed stem cells developing into tumors. To understand the process of differentiation through which stem cells develop into cancer cells, investigators have attempted to identify the key factors that generate tumors in humans. The most effective method for the prevention of tumorigenesis is the exclusion of cancer cells during cell reprogramming. The risk of cancer formation is dependent on mutations of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes during the conversion of stem cells to cancer cells and on the environmental effects of pluripotent stem cells. Dissecting the processes of epigenetic regulation and chromatin regulation may be helpful for achieving correct cell reprogramming without inducing tumor formation and for developing new drugs for cancer treatment. This review focuses on the risk of tumor formation by human pluripotent stem cells, and on the possible treatment options if it occurs. Potential new techniques that target epigenetic processes and chromatin regulation provide opportunities for human cancer modeling and clinical applications of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenly Wuputra
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Rd., San-Ming District, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.,Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chen Ku
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Rd., San-Ming District, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.,Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Deng-Chyang Wu
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chu Lin
- School of Dentistry, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Shigeo Saito
- Waseda University Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan. .,Saito Laboratory of Cell Technology Institute, Yaita, Tochigi, 329-1571, Japan.
| | - Kazunari K Yokoyama
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Rd., San-Ming District, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan. .,Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan. .,Waseda University Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan.
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13
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Al Abbar A, Ngai SC, Nograles N, Alhaji SY, Abdullah S. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: Reprogramming Platforms and Applications in Cell Replacement Therapy. Biores Open Access 2020; 9:121-136. [PMID: 32368414 PMCID: PMC7194323 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2019.0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from differentiated mature cells is one of the most promising technologies in the field of regenerative medicine. The ability to generate patient-specific iPSCs offers an invaluable reservoir of pluripotent cells, which could be genetically engineered and differentiated into target cells to treat various genetic and degenerative diseases once transplanted, hence counteracting the risk of graft versus host disease. In this context, we review the scientific research streams that lead to the emergence of iPSCs, the roles of reprogramming factors in reprogramming to pluripotency, and the reprogramming strategies. As iPSCs serve tremendous correction potentials for various diseases, we highlight the successes and challenges of iPSCs in cell replacement therapy and the synergy of iPSCs and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 gene editing tools in therapeutics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Al Abbar
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Siew Ching Ngai
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Nadine Nograles
- Newcastle University Medicine Malaysia, Educity, Iskandar Puteri, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Suleiman Yusuf Alhaji
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Syahril Abdullah
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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14
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Chen K, Long Q, Xing G, Wang T, Wu Y, Li L, Qi J, Zhou Y, Ma B, Schöler HR, Nie J, Pei D, Liu X. Heterochromatin loosening by the Oct4 linker region facilitates Klf4 binding and iPSC reprogramming. EMBO J 2020; 39:e99165. [PMID: 31571238 PMCID: PMC6939195 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201899165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The success of Yamanaka factor reprogramming of somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells suggests that some factor(s) must remodel the nuclei from a condensed state to a relaxed state. How factor-dependent chromatin opening occurs remains unclear. Using FRAP and ATAC-seq, we found that Oct4 acts as a pioneer factor that loosens heterochromatin and facilitates the binding of Klf4 and the expression of epithelial genes in early reprogramming, leading to enhanced mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition. A mutation in the Oct4 linker, L80A, which shows impaired interaction with the BAF complex component Brg1, is inactive in heterochromatin loosening. Oct4-L80A also blocks the binding of Klf4 and retards MET. Finally, vitamin C or Gadd45a could rescue the reprogramming deficiency of Oct4-L80A by enhancing chromatin opening and Klf4 binding. These studies reveal a cooperation between Oct4 and Klf4 at the chromatin level that facilitates MET at the cellular level and shed light into the research of multiple factors in cell fate determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshi Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative BiologyJoint School of Life SciencesHefei Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong LaboratoryGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineSouth China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineInstitute for Stem Cell and RegenerationGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Qi Long
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative BiologyJoint School of Life SciencesHefei Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong LaboratoryGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineSouth China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineInstitute for Stem Cell and RegenerationGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Guangsuo Xing
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative BiologyJoint School of Life SciencesHefei Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong LaboratoryGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineSouth China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineInstitute for Stem Cell and RegenerationGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
- Institute of Physical Science and Information TechnologyAnhui UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Tianyu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative BiologyJoint School of Life SciencesHefei Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong LaboratoryGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineSouth China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineInstitute for Stem Cell and RegenerationGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Yi Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative BiologyJoint School of Life SciencesHefei Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong LaboratoryGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineSouth China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineInstitute for Stem Cell and RegenerationGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Linpeng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative BiologyJoint School of Life SciencesHefei Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong LaboratoryGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineSouth China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineInstitute for Stem Cell and RegenerationGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Juntao Qi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative BiologyJoint School of Life SciencesHefei Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong LaboratoryGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineSouth China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineInstitute for Stem Cell and RegenerationGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Yanshuang Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative BiologyJoint School of Life SciencesHefei Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong LaboratoryGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineSouth China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineInstitute for Stem Cell and RegenerationGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Bochao Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative BiologyJoint School of Life SciencesHefei Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong LaboratoryGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineSouth China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineInstitute for Stem Cell and RegenerationGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Hans R Schöler
- Department for Cell and Developmental BiologyMax Planck Institute for Molecular BiomedicineMünsterGermany
| | - Jinfu Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative BiologyJoint School of Life SciencesHefei Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong LaboratoryGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineSouth China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineInstitute for Stem Cell and RegenerationGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Duanqing Pei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative BiologyJoint School of Life SciencesHefei Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong LaboratoryGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineSouth China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineInstitute for Stem Cell and RegenerationGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Xingguo Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative BiologyJoint School of Life SciencesHefei Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong LaboratoryGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineSouth China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineInstitute for Stem Cell and RegenerationGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
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15
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Tsompana M, Gluck C, Sethi I, Joshi I, Bard J, Nowak NJ, Sinha S, Buck MJ. Reactivation of super-enhancers by KLF4 in human Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Oncogene 2019; 39:262-277. [PMID: 31477832 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0990-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a disease of significant morbidity and mortality and rarely diagnosed in early stages. Despite extensive genetic and genomic characterization, targeted therapeutics and diagnostic markers of HNSCC are lacking due to the inherent heterogeneity and complexity of the disease. Herein, we have generated the global histone mark based epigenomic and transcriptomic cartogram of SCC25, a representative cell type of mesenchymal HNSCC and its normal oral keratinocyte counterpart. Examination of genomic regions marked by differential chromatin states and associated with misregulated gene expression led us to identify SCC25 enriched regulatory sequences and transcription factors (TF) motifs. These findings were further strengthened by ATAC-seq based open chromatin and TF footprint analysis which unearthed Krüppel-like Factor 4 (KLF4) as a potential key regulator of the SCC25 cistrome. We reaffirm the results obtained from in silico and chromatin studies in SCC25 by ChIP-seq of KLF4 and identify ΔNp63 as a co-oncogenic driver of the cancer-specific gene expression milieu. Taken together, our results lead us to propose a model where elevated KLF4 levels sustains the oncogenic state of HNSCC by reactivating repressed chromatin domains at key downstream genes, often by targeting super-enhancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tsompana
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Christian Gluck
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Isha Sethi
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Ishita Joshi
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan Bard
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Norma J Nowak
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Satrajit Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
| | - Michael J Buck
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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16
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Huang W, Zhong Z, Luo C, Xiao Y, Li L, Zhang X, Yang L, Xiao K, Ning Y, Chen L, Liu Q, Hu X, Zhang J, Ding X, Xiang S. The miR-26a/AP-2α/Nanog signaling axis mediates stem cell self-renewal and temozolomide resistance in glioma. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:5497-5516. [PMID: 31534499 PMCID: PMC6735392 DOI: 10.7150/thno.33800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant expression of transcription factor AP-2α has been functionally associated with various cancers, but its clinical significance and molecular mechanisms in human glioma are largely elusive. Methods: AP-2α expression was analyzed in human glioma tissues by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in glioma cell lines by Western blot. The effects of AP-2α on glioma cell proliferation, migration, invasion and tumor formation were evaluated by the 3-(4,5-dimethyNCthiazol-2-yl)-25-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and transwell assays in vitro and in nude mouse models in vivo. The influence of AP-2α on glioma cell stemness was analyzed by sphere-formation, self-renewal and limiting dilution assays in vitro and in intracranial mouse models in vivo. The effects of AP-2α on temozolomide (TMZ) resistance were detected by the MTT assay, cell apoptosis, real-time PCR analysis, western blotting and mouse experiments. The correlation between AP-2α expression and the expression of miR-26a, Nanog was determined by luciferase reporter assays, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and expression analysis. Results: AP-2α expression was downregulated in 58.5% of glioma tissues and in 4 glioma cell lines. AP-2α overexpression not only reduced the proliferation, migration and invasion of glioma cell lines but also suppressed the sphere-formation and self-renewal abilities of glioma stem cells in vitro. Moreover, AP-2α overexpression inhibited subcutaneous and intracranial xenograft tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, AP-2α enhanced the sensitivity of glioma cells to TMZ. Finally, AP-2α directly bound to the regulatory region of the Nanog gene, reduced Nanog, Sox2 and CD133 expression. Meanwhile, AP-2α indirectly downregulated Nanog expression by inhibiting the interleukin 6/janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (IL6/JAK2/STAT3) signaling pathway, consequently decreasing O6-methylguanine methyltransferase (MGMT) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression. In addition, miR-26a decreased AP-2α expression by binding to the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of AP-2α and reversed the tumor suppressive role of AP-2α in glioma, which was rescued by a miR-26a inhibitor. TMZ and the miR-26a inhibitor synergistically suppressed intracranial GSC growth. Conclusion: These results suggest that AP-2α reduces the stemness and TMZ resistance of glioma by inhibiting the Nanog/Sox2/CD133 axis and IL6/STAT3 signaling pathways. Therefore, AP-2α and miR-26a inhibition might represent a new target for developing new therapeutic strategies in TMZ resistance and recurrent glioma patients.
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17
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Sybirna A, Wong FCK, Surani MA. Genetic basis for primordial germ cells specification in mouse and human: Conserved and divergent roles of PRDM and SOX transcription factors. Curr Top Dev Biol 2019; 135:35-89. [PMID: 31155363 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are embryonic precursors of sperm and egg that pass on genetic and epigenetic information from one generation to the next. In mammals, they are induced from a subset of cells in peri-implantation epiblast by BMP signaling from the surrounding tissues. PGCs then initiate a unique developmental program that involves comprehensive epigenetic resetting and repression of somatic genes. This is orchestrated by a set of signaling molecules and transcription factors that promote germ cell identity. Here we review significant findings on mammalian PGC biology, in particular, the genetic basis for PGC specification in mice and human, which has revealed an evolutionary divergence between the two species. We discuss the importance and potential basis for these differences and focus on several examples to illustrate the conserved and divergent roles of critical transcription factors in mouse and human germline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya Sybirna
- Wellcome Trust Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Physiology, Development and Neuroscience Department, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust/Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Frederick C K Wong
- Wellcome Trust Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Physiology, Development and Neuroscience Department, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - M Azim Surani
- Wellcome Trust Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Physiology, Development and Neuroscience Department, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust/Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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18
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Li Y, Han B, Liu L, Zhao F, Liang W, Jiang J, Yang Y, Ma Z, Sun D. Genetic association of DDIT3, RPL23A, SESN2 and NR4A1 genes with milk yield and composition in dairy cattle. Anim Genet 2019; 50:123-135. [PMID: 30815908 DOI: 10.1111/age.12750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we identified by RNA sequencing that DDIT3, RPL23A, SESN2 and NR4A1 genes were significantly differentially expressed between the mammary glands of lactating Holstein cows with extremely high and low milk protein and fat percentages; thus, these four genes are considered as promising candidates potentially affecting milk yield and composition traits in dairy cattle. In the present study, we further verified whether these genes have genetic effects on milk traits in a Chinese Holstein population. By re-sequencing part of the non-coding and the entire coding regions of the DDIT3, RPL23A, SESN2 and NR4A1 genes, a total of 35 SNPs and three insertions/deletions were identified, of which three were found in DDIT3, 12 in RPL23A, 16 in SESN2 and seven in NR4A1. Moreover, two of the insertions/deletions-g.125714860_125714872del and g.125714806delinsCCCC in SESN2-were novel and have not been reported previously. Subsequent single SNP analyses revealed multiple significant association with all 35 SNPs and three indels regressed against the dairy production traits (P-value = <0.0001-0.0493). In addition, with a linkage disequilibrium analysis, we found one, one, three, and one haplotype blocks in the DDIT3, RPL23A, SESN2 and NR4A1 genes respectively. Haplotype-based association analyses revealed that some haplotypes were also significantly associated with milk production traits (P-value = <0.0001-0.0461). We also found that 12 SNPs and two indels (two in DDIT3, two in RPL23A, nine in SESN2 and one in NR4A1) altered the specific transcription factor binding sites in the promoter, thereby regulating promoter activity, suggesting that they might be promising potential functional variants for milk traits. In summary, our findings first determined the genetic associations of DDIT3, RPL23A, SESN2 and NR4A1 with milk yield and composition traits in dairy cattle and also suggested potentially causal variants, which require in-depth validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Li
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing, 100193, China.,Beijing Dairy Cattle Center, Beijing, 100192, China
| | - B Han
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - L Liu
- Beijing Dairy Cattle Center, Beijing, 100192, China
| | - F Zhao
- Beijing Dairy Cattle Center, Beijing, 100192, China
| | - W Liang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - J Jiang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Y Yang
- Beijing Municipal Bureau of Agriculture, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Z Ma
- Beijing Dairy Cattle Center, Beijing, 100192, China
| | - D Sun
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing, 100193, China
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19
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Cped1 promotes chicken SSCs formation with the aid of histone acetylation and transcription factor Sox2. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180707. [PMID: 30038055 PMCID: PMC6137251 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) may apply to gene therapy, regenerative medicine in place of embryonic stem cells (ESCs). However, the application of SSCs was severely limited by the low induction efficiency and the lack of thorough analysis of the regulatory mechanisms of SSCs formation. Current evidences have demonstrated multiple marker genes of germ cells, while genes that specifically regulate the formation of SSCs have not been explored. In our study, cadherin-like and PC-esterase domain containing 1 (Cped1) expressed specifically in SSCs based on RNA-seq data analysis. To study the function of Cped1 in the formation of SSCs, we successfully established a CRISPR/Cas9 knockout system. The gene disruption frequency is 37% in DF1 and 25% in ESCs without off-target effects. Knockout of Cped1 could significantly inhibit the formation of SSCs in vivo and in vitro The fragment of -1050 to -1 bp had the activity as Cped1 gene promoter. Histone acetylation could regulate the expression of Cped1. We added 5-azaeytidi (DNA methylation inhibitors) and TSA (histone deacetylase inhibitors) respectively during the cultivation of SSCs. TSA was validated to promote the transcription of Cped1. Dual-luciferase reporter assay revealed that active control area of the chicken Cped1 gene is -296 to -1 bp. There are Cebpb, Sp1, and Sox2 transcription factor binding sites in this region. Point-mutation experiment results showed that Sox2 negatively regulates the transcription of Cped1. Above results demonstrated that Cped1 is a key gene that regulates the formation of SSCs. Histone acetylation and transcription factor Sox2 participate in the regulation of Cped1.
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20
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Liu Y, Ren X, Ke J, Zhang Y, Wei Q, Shi Z, Ai Z, Guo Z. SC1 inhibits the differentiation of F9 embryonic carcinoma cells induced by retinoic acid. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2018; 50:793-799. [PMID: 29945210 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmy069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to self-renew is one of the most important properties of embryonic stem (ES) cells. Pluripotin (SC1), a small molecule with high activity and low toxicity, promotes self-renewal in mouse ES cells. SC1 can noticeably change the morphology of retinoic acid (RA)-induced F9 embryonic carcinoma cells (F9 cells). However, in the long term, RA and SC1 together cause cell apoptosis. When being added after 18-24 h of RA-induced F9 cell differentiation, SC1 transitorily activated Nanog and Oct4. Both Nanog and Oct4 were downregulated when SC1 and RA were added simultaneously. On the other hand, Klf4 was continually activated when SC1 was added between 6 and 24 h. Phosphorylated Erk1/2 protein levels were reduced from 6 to 24 h, whereas unphosphorylated Erk1 protein levels remained unchanged. A higher concentration of SC1 promoted cell self-renewal by strengthening the inhibition of Erk1/2 protein phosphorylation in F9 cells. Furthermore, SC1 and RA affect global DNA methylation by influencing the expressions of methylation-associated proteins, including Dnmt3b, Dnmt3l, Tet1, Tet2, and Tet3. In conclusion, SC1 inhibits the differentiation of RA-induced F9 cells mainly by reducing the levels of phosphorylated Erk1/2 and enhancing the expression of Klf4, although it also reduces DNA methylation, which may have an additional effect on ES cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxiang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xuexue Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jie Ke
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Qing Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Zhaopeng Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhiying Ai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zekun Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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21
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Shoji M, Minato H, Ogaki S, Seki M, Suzuki Y, Kume S, Kuzuhara T. Different murine-derived feeder cells alter the definitive endoderm differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201239. [PMID: 30048506 PMCID: PMC6062072 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The crosstalk between cells is important for differentiation of cells. Murine-derived feeder cells, SNL76/7 feeder cells (SNLs) or mouse primary embryonic fibroblast feeder cells (MEFs) are widely used for culturing undifferentiated human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). It is still unclear whether different culture conditions affect the induction efficiency of definitive endoderm (DE) differentiation from hiPSCs. Here we show that the efficiency of DE differentiation from hiPSCs cultured on MEFs was higher than that of hiPSCs cultured on SNLs. The qPCR, immunofluorescent and flow cytometry analyses revealed that the expression levels of mRNA and/or proteins of the DE marker genes, SOX17, FOXA2 and CXCR4, in DE cells differentiated from hiPSCs cultured on MEFs were significantly higher than those cultured on SNLs. Comprehensive RNA sequencing and molecular network analyses showed the alteration of the gene expression and the signal transduction of hiPSCs cultured on SNLs and MEFs. Interestingly, the expression of non-coding hXIST exon 4 was up-regulated in hiPSCs cultured on MEFs, in comparison to that in hiPSCs cultured on SNLs. By qPCR analysis, the mRNA expression of undifferentiated stem cell markers KLF4, KLF5, OCT3/4, SOX2, NANOG, UTF1, and GRB7 were lower, while that of hXIST exon 4, LEFTY1, and LEFTY2 was higher in hiPSCs cultured on MEFs than in those cultured on SNLs. Taken together, our finding indicated that differences in murine-feeder cells used for maintenance of the undifferentiated state alter the expression of pluripotency-related genes in hiPSCs by the signaling pathways and affect DE differentiation from hiPSCs, suggesting that the feeder cells can potentiate hiPSCs for DE differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Shoji
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
- * E-mail: (MS); (TK)
| | - Hiroki Minato
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Soichiro Ogaki
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masahide Seki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shoen Kume
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Kuzuhara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
- * E-mail: (MS); (TK)
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22
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Omole AE, Fakoya AOJ. Ten years of progress and promise of induced pluripotent stem cells: historical origins, characteristics, mechanisms, limitations, and potential applications. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4370. [PMID: 29770269 PMCID: PMC5951134 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by Shinya Yamanaka in 2006 was heralded as a major breakthrough of the decade in stem cell research. The ability to reprogram human somatic cells to a pluripotent embryonic stem cell-like state through the ectopic expression of a combination of embryonic transcription factors was greeted with great excitement by scientists and bioethicists. The reprogramming technology offers the opportunity to generate patient-specific stem cells for modeling human diseases, drug development and screening, and individualized regenerative cell therapy. However, fundamental questions have been raised regarding the molecular mechanism of iPSCs generation, a process still poorly understood by scientists. The efficiency of reprogramming of iPSCs remains low due to the effect of various barriers to reprogramming. There is also the risk of chromosomal instability and oncogenic transformation associated with the use of viral vectors, such as retrovirus and lentivirus, which deliver the reprogramming transcription factors by integration in the host cell genome. These challenges can hinder the therapeutic prospects and promise of iPSCs and their clinical applications. Consequently, extensive studies have been done to elucidate the molecular mechanism of reprogramming and novel strategies have been identified which help to improve the efficiency of reprogramming methods and overcome the safety concerns linked with iPSC generation. Distinct barriers and enhancers of reprogramming have been elucidated, and non-integrating reprogramming methods have been reported. Here, we summarize the progress and the recent advances that have been made over the last 10 years in the iPSC field, with emphasis on the molecular mechanism of reprogramming, strategies to improve the efficiency of reprogramming, characteristics and limitations of iPSCs, and the progress made in the applications of iPSCs in the field of disease modelling, drug discovery and regenerative medicine. Additionally, this study appraises the role of genomic editing technology in the generation of healthy iPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adekunle Ebenezer Omole
- Department of Basic Sciences, American University of Antigua College of Medicine, St. John's, Antigua
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23
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Malik V, Zimmer D, Jauch R. Diversity among POU transcription factors in chromatin recognition and cell fate reprogramming. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:1587-1612. [PMID: 29335749 PMCID: PMC11105716 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2748-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The POU (Pit-Oct-Unc) protein family is an evolutionary ancient group of transcription factors (TFs) that bind specific DNA sequences to direct gene expression programs. The fundamental importance of POU TFs to orchestrate embryonic development and to direct cellular fate decisions is well established, but the molecular basis for this activity is insufficiently understood. POU TFs possess a bipartite 'two-in-one' DNA binding domain consisting of two independently folding structural units connected by a poorly conserved and flexible linker. Therefore, they represent a paradigmatic example to study the molecular basis for the functional versatility of TFs. Their modular architecture endows POU TFs with the capacity to accommodate alternative composite DNA sequences by adopting different quaternary structures. Moreover, associations with partner proteins crucially influence the selection of their DNA binding sites. The plentitude of DNA binding modes confers the ability to POU TFs to regulate distinct genes in the context of different cellular environments. Likewise, different binding modes of POU proteins to DNA could trigger alternative regulatory responses in the context of different genomic locations of the same cell. Prominent POU TFs such as Oct4, Brn2, Oct6 and Brn4 are not only essential regulators of development but have also been successfully employed to reprogram somatic cells to pluripotency and neural lineages. Here we review biochemical, structural, genomic and cellular reprogramming studies to examine how the ability of POU TFs to select regulatory DNA, alone or with partner factors, is tied to their capacity to epigenetically remodel chromatin and drive specific regulatory programs that give cells their identities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Malik
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
- Genome Regulation Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Dennis Zimmer
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
- Genome Regulation Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Ralf Jauch
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
- Genome Regulation Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
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24
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Zhao H, Han Z, Liu X, Gu J, Tang F, Wei G, Jin Y. The chromatin remodeler Chd4 maintains embryonic stem cell identity by controlling pluripotency- and differentiation-associated genes. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:8507-8519. [PMID: 28298436 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.770248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The unique properties of embryonic stem cells (ESCs), including unlimited self-renewal and pluripotent differentiation potential, are sustained by integrated genetic and epigenetic networks composed of transcriptional factors and epigenetic modulators. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the function of these regulators are not fully elucidated. Chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 4 (Chd4), an ATPase subunit of the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex, is highly expressed in ESCs. However, its function in ESC regulation remains elusive. Here we report that Chd4 is required for the maintenance of ESC self-renewal. RNAi-mediated silencing of Chd4 disrupted self-renewal and up-regulated lineage commitment-associated genes under self-renewal culture conditions. During ESC differentiation in embryoid body formation, we observed significantly stronger induction of differentiation-associated genes in Chd4-deficient cells. The phenotype was different from that caused by the deletion of Mbd3, another subunit of the NuRD complex. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that Chd4 secured ESC identity by controlling the expression of subsets of pluripotency- and differentiation-associated genes. Importantly, Chd4 repressed the transcription of T box protein 3 (Tbx3), a transcription factor with important functions in ESC fate determination. Tbx3 knockdown partially rescued aberrant activation of differentiation-associated genes, especially of endoderm-associated genes, induced by Chd4 depletion. Moreover, we identified an interaction of Chd4 with the histone variant H2A.Z. This variant stabilized Chd4 by inhibiting Chd4 protein degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Collectively, this study identifies the Chd4-Tbx3 axis in controlling ESC fate and a role of H2A.Z in maintaining the stability of Chd4 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Zhijun Han
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xinyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Junjie Gu
- Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Fan Tang
- Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Gang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ying Jin
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China; Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
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25
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Wu W, Liu S, Liang Y, Zhou Z, Liu X. MiR-7 inhibits progression of hepatocarcinoma by targeting KLF-4 and promises a novel diagnostic biomarker. Cancer Cell Int 2017; 17:31. [PMID: 28239300 PMCID: PMC5320717 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-017-0386-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs are 22–24 nt non-coding RNAs that bind to the 3′ UTR of target mRNAs, thereby inducing mRNA degradation or inhibiting mRNA translation. Due to their implication in the regulation of post-transcriptional processes, the role of miRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been extensively studied. However, the function of miR-7 in HCC remains to be demonstrated. Methods 50 paired HCC tissues and matched peritumor tissues from patients were collected. The mRNA level of miR-7 was detected by qRT-PCR. The protein level of Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF-4) was determined by western blot. Cell proliferation and invasive ability were measured using MTT and transwell invasion assay, respectively. Results We demonstrated that miR-7 was downregulated in 50 HCC tissues and the low expression of miR-7 was significantly correlate with tumour size. Moreover, overexpression of miR-7 significantly inhibited the proliferation and invasion of HCC cells. Over 100 target genes of miR-7 were predicted by Targetscan, and KLF-4 was indicated as the most promising candidate. Luciferase report assay showed that KLF-4 could be silenced by miR-7, so as to restore the impairment of cell proliferation and invasion in HCC cells. Conclusions In summary, we revealed a role of miR-7-KLF-4 axis in HCC cells, and the combination of both biomarkers might improve HCC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000 Hebei China
| | - Sanguang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000 Hebei China
| | - Yunfei Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000 Hebei China
| | - Zegao Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000 Hebei China
| | - Xueqing Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000 Hebei China
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26
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Selective de-repression of germ cell-specific genes in mouse embryonic fibroblasts in a permissive epigenetic environment. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32932. [PMID: 27608931 PMCID: PMC5016969 DOI: 10.1038/srep32932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications play crucial roles on establishment of tissue-specific transcription profiles and cellular characteristics. Direct conversions of fibroblasts into differentiated tissue cells by over-expression of critical transcription factors have been reported, but the epigenetic mechanisms underlying these conversions are still not fully understood. In addition, conversion of somatic cells into germ cells has not yet been achieved. To understand epigenetic mechanisms that underlie germ cell characteristics, we attempted to use defined epigenetic factors to directly convert mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) into germ cells. Here, we successfully induced germ cell-specific genes by inhibiting repressive epigenetic modifications via RNAi or small-molecule compounds. Under these conditions, some tissue-specific genes and stimulus-inducible genes were also induced. Meanwhile, the treatments did not result in genome-wide transcriptional activation. These results suggested that a permissive epigenetic environment resulted in selective de-repression of stimulus- and differentiation-inducible genes including germ cell-specific genes in MEFs.
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27
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Chang YL, Zhou PJ, Wei L, Li W, Ji Z, Fang YX, Gao WQ. MicroRNA-7 inhibits the stemness of prostate cancer stem-like cells and tumorigenesis by repressing KLF4/PI3K/Akt/p21 pathway. Oncotarget 2016; 6:24017-31. [PMID: 26172296 PMCID: PMC4695167 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Up to now, the molecular mechanisms underlying the stemness of prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs) are still poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that microRNA-7 (miR-7) appears to be a novel tumor-suppressor miRNA, which abrogates the stemness of PCSCs and inhibits prostate tumorigenesis by suppressing a key stemness factor KLF4. MicroRNA-7 is down-regulated in prostate cancer cells compared to non-tumorigenic prostate epithelial cells. Restoration of miR-7 suppresses the expression of the stemness factor KLF4 in PCSCs and inhibits prostate tumorigenesis both in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, the suppression of the stemness of PCSCs by miR-7 is sustained for generations in xenografts. Analysis of clinical samples also revealed a negative correlation between miR-7 expression and prostate tumor progression. Mechanistically, overexpression of miR-7 may lead to a cell cycle arrest but not apoptosis, which seems achieved via suppressing the KLF4/PI3K/Akt/p21 pathway. This study identifies miR-7 as a suppressor of PCSCs' stemness and implicates its potential application for PCa therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Li Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Pei-Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Lianzi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Wang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Zhongzhong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Wei-Qiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.,School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
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28
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Li LY, Li MM, Yang SF, Zhang J, Li Z, Zhang H, Zhu L, Zhu X, Verma V, Liu Q, Shi D, Huang B. Inhibition of FGF Signalling Pathway Augments the Expression of Pluripotency and Trophoblast Lineage Marker Genes in Porcine Parthenogenetic Blastocyst. Reprod Domest Anim 2016; 51:649-56. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- LY Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources; Guangxi University; Nanning China
- School of Animal Science and Technology; Guangxi University; Nanning China
| | - MM Li
- School of Animal Science and Technology; Guangxi University; Nanning China
| | - SF Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources; Guangxi University; Nanning China
- School of Animal Science and Technology; Guangxi University; Nanning China
| | - J Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources; Guangxi University; Nanning China
- School of Animal Science and Technology; Guangxi University; Nanning China
| | - Z Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources; Guangxi University; Nanning China
- School of Animal Science and Technology; Guangxi University; Nanning China
| | - H Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources; Guangxi University; Nanning China
- School of Animal Science and Technology; Guangxi University; Nanning China
| | - L Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources; Guangxi University; Nanning China
- School of Animal Science and Technology; Guangxi University; Nanning China
| | - X Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources; Guangxi University; Nanning China
- School of Animal Science and Technology; Guangxi University; Nanning China
| | - V Verma
- Centre of Biotechnology; Nehru Science Centre; University of Allahabad; Allahabad India
| | - Q Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources; Guangxi University; Nanning China
- School of Animal Science and Technology; Guangxi University; Nanning China
| | - D Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources; Guangxi University; Nanning China
- School of Animal Science and Technology; Guangxi University; Nanning China
| | - B Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources; Guangxi University; Nanning China
- School of Animal Science and Technology; Guangxi University; Nanning China
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29
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Garg V, Morgani S, Hadjantonakis AK. Capturing Identity and Fate Ex Vivo: Stem Cells from the Mouse Blastocyst. Curr Top Dev Biol 2016; 120:361-400. [PMID: 27475857 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
During mouse preimplantation development, three molecularly, morphologically, and spatially distinct lineages are formed, the embryonic epiblast, the extraembryonic primitive endoderm, and the trophectoderm. Stem cell lines representing each of these lineages have now been derived and can be indefinitely maintained and expanded in culture, providing an unlimited source of material to study the interplay of tissue-specific transcription factors and signaling pathways involved in these fundamental cell fate decisions. Here we outline our current understanding of the derivation, maintenance, and properties of these in vitro stem cell models representing the preimplantation embryonic lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Garg
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States; Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, United States
| | - S Morgani
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - A-K Hadjantonakis
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States; Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, United States.
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Bradshaw A, Wickremsekera A, Tan ST, Peng L, Davis PF, Itinteang T. Cancer Stem Cell Hierarchy in Glioblastoma Multiforme. Front Surg 2016; 3:21. [PMID: 27148537 PMCID: PMC4831983 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2016.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), an aggressive tumor that typically exhibits treatment failure with high mortality rates, is associated with the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) within the tumor. CSCs possess the ability for perpetual self-renewal and proliferation, producing downstream progenitor cells that drive tumor growth. Studies of many cancer types have identified CSCs using specific markers, but it is still unclear as to where in the stem cell hierarchy these markers fall. This is compounded further by the presence of multiple GBM and glioblastoma cancer stem cell subtypes, making investigation and establishment of a universal treatment difficult. This review examines the current knowledge on the CSC markers SALL4, OCT-4, SOX2, STAT3, NANOG, c-Myc, KLF4, CD133, CD44, nestin, and glial fibrillary acidic protein, specifically focusing on their use and validity in GBM research and how they may be utilized for investigations into GBM's cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Bradshaw
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute , Wellington , New Zealand
| | - Agadha Wickremsekera
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, Wellington, New Zealand; Department of Neurosurgery, Wellington Regional Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Swee T Tan
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute , Wellington , New Zealand
| | - Lifeng Peng
- Centre for Biodiscovery, School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington , Wellington , New Zealand
| | - Paul F Davis
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute , Wellington , New Zealand
| | - Tinte Itinteang
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute , Wellington , New Zealand
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Fiore C, Cohen BA. Interactions between pluripotency factors specify cis-regulation in embryonic stem cells. Genome Res 2016; 26:778-86. [PMID: 27197208 PMCID: PMC4889965 DOI: 10.1101/gr.200733.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigated how interactions between pluripotency transcription factors (TFs) affect cis-regulation. We created hundreds of synthetic cis-regulatory elements (CREs) comprised of combinations of binding sites for pluripotency TFs and measured their expression in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. A thermodynamic model that incorporates interactions between TFs explains a large portion (72%) of the variance in expression of these CREs. These interactions include three favorable heterotypic interactions between TFs. The model also predicts an unfavorable homotypic interaction between TFs, helping to explain the observation that homotypic chains of binding sites express at low levels. We further investigated the expression driven by CREs comprised of homotypic chains of KLF4 binding sites. Our results suggest that KLF homologs make unique contributions to regulation by these CREs. We conclude that a specific set of interactions between pluripotency TFs plays a large role in setting the levels of expression driven by CREs in ES cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Fiore
- Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Barak A Cohen
- Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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Park S, Choi Y, Jung N, Yu Y, Ryu KH, Kim HS, Jo I, Choi BO, Jung SC. Myogenic differentiation potential of human tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells and their potential for use to promote skeletal muscle regeneration. Int J Mol Med 2016; 37:1209-20. [PMID: 27035161 PMCID: PMC4829138 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are regarded as an important source of cells which may be used to promote the regeneration of skeletal muscle (SKM) which has been damaged due to defects in the organization of muscle tissue caused by congenital diseases, trauma or tumor removal. In particular, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which require less invasive harvesting techniques, represent a valuable source of cells for stem cell therapy. In the present study, we demonstrated that human tonsil-derived MSCs (T-MSCs) may differentiate into myogenic cells in vitro and that the transplantation of myoblasts and myocytes generated from human T-MSCs mediates the recovery of muscle function in vivo. In order to induce myogenic differentiation, the T-MSC-derived spheres were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium/nutrient mixture F-12 (DMEM/F-12) supplemented with 1 ng/ml transforming growth factor-β, non-essential amino acids and insulin-transferrin-selenium for 4 days followed by culture in myogenic induction medium [low-glucose DMEM containing 2% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 10 ng/ml insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1)] for 14 days. The T-MSCs sequentially differentiated into myoblasts and skeletal myocytes, as evidenced by the increased expression of skeletal myogenesis-related markers [including α-actinin, troponin I type 1 (TNNI1) and myogenin] and the formation of myotubes in vitro. The in situ transplantation of T-MSCs into mice with a partial myectomy of the right gastrocnemius muscle enhanced muscle function, as demonstrated by gait assessment (footprint analysis), and restored the shape of SKM without forming teratomas. Thus, T-MSCs may differentiate into myogenic cells and effectively regenerate SKM following injury. These results demonstrate the therapeutic potential of T-MSCs to promote SKM regeneration following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeyoung Park
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonyoung Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Namhee Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonsil Yu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ha Ryu
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Su Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Inho Jo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Ok Choi
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Chul Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea
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33
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Park CS, Shen Y, Lewis A, Lacorazza HD. Role of the reprogramming factor KLF4 in blood formation. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 99:673-85. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1ru1215-539r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Hadjimichael C, Chanoumidou K, Papadopoulou N, Arampatzi P, Papamatheakis J, Kretsovali A. Common stemness regulators of embryonic and cancer stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2015; 7:1150-1184. [PMID: 26516408 PMCID: PMC4620423 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i9.1150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluripotency of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells is regulated by a well characterized gene transcription circuitry. The circuitry is assembled by ESC specific transcription factors, signal transducing molecules and epigenetic regulators. Growing understanding of stem-like cells, albeit of more complex phenotypes, present in tumors (cancer stem cells), provides a common conceptual and research framework for basic and applied stem cell biology. In this review, we highlight current results on biomarkers, gene signatures, signaling pathways and epigenetic regulators that are common in embryonic and cancer stem cells. We discuss their role in determining the cell phenotype and finally, their potential use to design next generation biological and pharmaceutical approaches for regenerative medicine and cancer therapies.
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Nishiguchi M, Kikuyama H, Kanazawa T, Tsutsumi A, Kaneko T, Uenishi H, Kawabata Y, Kawashige S, Koh J, Yoneda H. Increases in iPS Transcription Factor (Oct4, Sox2, c-Myc, and Klf4) Gene Expression after Modified Electroconvulsive Therapy. Psychiatry Investig 2015; 12:532-7. [PMID: 26508965 PMCID: PMC4620311 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2015.12.4.532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a reasonable option for intractable depression or schizophrenia, but a mechanism of action has not been established. One credible hypothesis is related to neural plasticity. Three genes (Oct4, Sox2, c-Myc) involved in the induction of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are Wnt-target genes, which constitute a key gene group involved in neural plasticity through the TCF family. Klf4 is the other gene among Yamanaka's four transcription factors, and increases in its expression are induced by stimulation of the canonical Wnt pathway. METHODS We compared the peripheral blood gene expression of the four iPS genes (Oct4, Sox2, c-Myc, and Klf4) before and after modified ECT (specifically ECT with general anesthesia) of patients with intractable depression (n=6) or schizophrenia (n=6). Using Thymatron ten times the total bilateral electrical stimulation was evoked. RESULTS Both assessments of the symptoms demonstrated significant improvement after mECT stimulation. Expression of all four genes was confirmed to increase after initial stimulation. The gene expression levels after treatment were significantly different from the initial gene expression in all twelve cases at the following treatment stages: at the 3rd mECT for Oct4; at the 6th and 10th mECT for Sox2; and at the 3rd, 6th and 10th mECT for c-Myc. CONCLUSION These significant differences were not present after correction for multiple testing; however, our data have the potential to explain the molecular mechanisms of mECT from a unique perspective. Further studie should be conducted to clarify the pathophysiological involvement of iPS-inducing genes in ECT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Nishiguchi
- Department of Neropsychiatry, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kikuyama
- Department of Neropsychiatry, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsufumi Kanazawa
- Department of Neropsychiatry, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tsutsumi
- Department of Neropsychiatry, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takao Kaneko
- Department of Neropsychiatry, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Uenishi
- Psychological Service and Counseling Center, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuo Kawabata
- Department of Neropsychiatry, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Seiya Kawashige
- Department of Neropsychiatry, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Koh
- Department of Neropsychiatry, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yoneda
- Department of Neropsychiatry, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
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Retinoic Acid Induces Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation by Altering Both Encoding RNA and microRNA Expression. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132566. [PMID: 26162091 PMCID: PMC4498831 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) is a vitamin A metabolite that is essential for early embryonic development and promotes stem cell neural lineage specification; however, little is known regarding the impact of RA on mRNA transcription and microRNA levels on embryonic stem cell differentiation. Here, we present mRNA microarray and microRNA high-output sequencing to clarify how RA regulates gene expression. Using mRNA microarray analysis, we showed that RA repressed pluripotency-associated genes while activating ectoderm markers in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Moreover, RA modulated the DNA methylation of mESCs by altering the expression of epigenetic-associated genes such as Dnmt3b and Dnmt3l. Furthermore, H3K4me2, a pluripotent histone modification, was repressed by RA stimulation. From microRNA sequence data, we identified two downregulated microRNAs, namely, miR-200b and miR-200c, which regulated the pluripotency of stem cells. We found that miR-200b or miR-200c deficiency suppressed the expression of pluripotent genes, including Oct4 and Nanog, and activated the expression of the ectodermal marker gene Nestin. These results demonstrate that retinoid induces mESCs to differentiate by regulating miR-200b/200c. Our findings provide the landscapes of mRNA and microRNA gene networks and indicate the crucial role of miR-200b/200c in the RA-induced differentiation of mESCs.
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Táncos Z, Bock I, Nemes C, Kobolák J, Dinnyés A. Cloning and characterization of rabbit POU5F1, SOX2, KLF4, C-MYC and NANOG pluripotency-associated genes. Gene 2015; 566:148-57. [PMID: 25895477 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
While the rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) is an important research model for aspects of human development and disease that cannot be studied in rodents, the lack of data on the genetic regulation of rabbit preimplantation development is a limitation. To assist in the understanding of this process, our aim was to isolate and characterize genes necessary for the induction and maintenance of cellular pluripotency. We are the first to report the isolation of complete coding regions of rabbit SOX2, KLF4, C-MYC and NANOG, which encode transcription factors that play crucial regulatory roles during early mammalian embryonic development. We determined the exon-intron boundaries and chromosomal localization of these genes using computational analysis. The sequences of mRNA and translated protein of the newly identified genes and those of POU5F1 were aligned to their mammalian orthologs to determine the degree of evolutionary conservation. Furthermore, the expression of these genes in embryonic and adult cells was studied at the mRNA and protein levels. We found the sequences and the expression pattern of these pluripotency-associated genes to be highly conserved between human and rabbit, indicating that the rabbit would be a valuable model for human preimplantation development. Implementing the newly identified genes either as biomarkers or as reprogramming factors might also pave the way towards the creation of stable pluripotent rabbit cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Táncos
- Molecular Animal Biotechnology Laboratory, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary; Biotalentum Ltd, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - István Bock
- Molecular Animal Biotechnology Laboratory, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary; Biotalentum Ltd, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | | | | | - András Dinnyés
- Molecular Animal Biotechnology Laboratory, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary; Biotalentum Ltd, Gödöllő, Hungary; Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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38
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Pioneer transcription factors target partial DNA motifs on nucleosomes to initiate reprogramming. Cell 2015; 161:555-568. [PMID: 25892221 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 511] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pioneer transcription factors (TFs) access silent chromatin and initiate cell-fate changes, using diverse types of DNA binding domains (DBDs). FoxA, the paradigm pioneer TF, has a winged helix DBD that resembles linker histone and thereby binds its target sites on nucleosomes and in compacted chromatin. Herein, we compare the nucleosome and chromatin targeting activities of Oct4 (POU DBD), Sox2 (HMG box DBD), Klf4 (zinc finger DBD), and c-Myc (bHLH DBD), which together reprogram somatic cells to pluripotency. Purified Oct4, Sox2, and Klf4 proteins can bind nucleosomes in vitro, and in vivo they preferentially target silent sites enriched for nucleosomes. Pioneer activity relates simply to the ability of a given DBD to target partial motifs displayed on the nucleosome surface. Such partial motif recognition can occur by coordinate binding between factors. Our findings provide insight into how pioneer factors can target naive chromatin sites.
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Kim SI, Oceguera-Yanez F, Hirohata R, Linker S, Okita K, Yamada Y, Yamamoto T, Yamanaka S, Woltjen K. KLF4 N-terminal variance modulates induced reprogramming to pluripotency. Stem Cell Reports 2015; 4:727-43. [PMID: 25772473 PMCID: PMC4400650 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
As the quintessential reprogramming model, OCT3/4, SOX2, KLF4, and c-MYC re-wire somatic cells to achieve induced pluripotency. Yet, subtle differences in methodology confound comparative studies of reprogramming mechanisms. Employing transposons, we systematically assessed cellular and molecular hallmarks of mouse somatic cell reprogramming by various polycistronic cassettes. Reprogramming responses varied in the extent of initiation and stabilization of transgene-independent pluripotency. Notably, the cassettes employed one of two KLF4 variants, differing only by nine N-terminal amino acids, which generated dissimilar protein stoichiometry. Extending the shorter variant by nine N-terminal amino acids or augmenting stoichiometry by KLF4 supplementation rescued both protein levels and phenotypic disparities, implicating a threshold in determining reprogramming outcomes. Strikingly, global gene expression patterns elicited by published polycistronic cassettes diverged according to each KLF4 variant. Our data expose a Klf4 reference cDNA variation that alters polycistronic factor stoichiometry, predicts reprogramming hallmarks, and guides comparison of compatible public data sets. Reprogramming vectors inconsistently employ one of two unappreciated Klf4 variants Polycistronic cassettes encoding Klf4 N-terminal variants drive distinct stoichiometry Reprogramming initiation and stabilization are sensitive to Klf4 protein levels Accordingly, gene expression elicited by public vectors forms two distinct clusters
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Il Kim
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Fabian Oceguera-Yanez
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ryoko Hirohata
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Sara Linker
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Keisuke Okita
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yamada
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shinya Yamanaka
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Knut Woltjen
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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Sarlak G, Vincent B. The Roles of the Stem Cell-Controlling Sox2 Transcription Factor: from Neuroectoderm Development to Alzheimer's Disease? Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:1679-1698. [PMID: 25691455 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9123-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Sox2 is a component of the core transcriptional regulatory network which maintains the totipotency of the cells during embryonic preimplantation period, the pluripotency of embryonic stem cells, and the multipotency of neural stem cells. This maintenance is controlled by internal loops between Sox2 and other transcription factors of the core such as Oct4, Nanog, Dax1, and Klf4, downstream proteins of extracellular ligands, epigenetic modifiers, and miRNAs. As Sox2 plays an important role in the balance between stem cells maintenance and commitment to differentiated lineages throughout the lifetime, it is supposed that Sox2 could regulate stem cells aging processes. In this review, we provide an update concerning the involvement of Sox2 in neurogenesis during normal aging and discuss its possible role in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golmaryam Sarlak
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.,Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Bruno Vincent
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand. .,Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand. .,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 2 rue Michel Ange, 75016, Paris, France.
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Huang G, Ye S, Zhou X, Liu D, Ying QL. Molecular basis of embryonic stem cell self-renewal: from signaling pathways to pluripotency network. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:1741-57. [PMID: 25595304 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1833-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can be maintained in culture indefinitely while retaining the capacity to generate any type of cell in the body, and therefore not only hold great promise for tissue repair and regeneration, but also provide a powerful tool for modeling human disease and understanding biological development. In order to fulfill the full potential of ESCs, it is critical to understand how ESC fate, whether to self-renew or to differentiate into specialized cells, is regulated. On the molecular level, ESC fate is controlled by the intracellular transcriptional regulatory networks that respond to various extrinsic signaling stimuli. In this review, we discuss and compare important signaling pathways in the self-renewal and differentiation of mouse, rat, and human ESCs with an emphasis on how these pathways integrate into ESC-specific transcription circuitries. This will be beneficial for understanding the common and conserved mechanisms that govern self-renewal, and for developing novel culture conditions that support ESC derivation and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyi Huang
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, PR China
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42
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Novosadova EV, Grivennikov IA. Induced pluripotent stem cells: From derivation to application in biochemical and biomedical research. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2015; 79:1425-41. [DOI: 10.1134/s000629791413001x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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43
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Foroutan T, Najmi M, Kazemi N, Hasanlou M, Pedram A. Lower Oncogenic Potential of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Cord Blood Compared to Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Int J Organ Transplant Med 2015; 6:99-104. [PMID: 26306155 PMCID: PMC4545303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In regenerative medicine, use of each of the mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow, cord blood, and adipose tissue, has several cons and pros. Mesenchymal stem cells derived from cord blood have been considered the best source for precursor transplantation. Direct reprogramming of a somatic cell into induced pluripotent stem cells by over-expression of 6 transcription factors Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, lin28, Nanog, and c-Myc has great potential for regenerative medicine, eliminating the ethical issues of embryonic stem cells and the rejection problems of using non-autologous cells. OBJECTIVE To compare reprogramming and pluripotent markers OCT4, Sox-2, c-Myc, Klf4, Nanog, and lin28 in mesenchymal stem cells derived from cord blood and induced pluripotent stem cells. METHODS We analyzed the expression level of OCT4, Sox-2, c-Myc, Klf4, Nanog and lin28 genes in human mesenchymal stem cells derived from cord blood and induced pluripotent stem cells by cell culture and RT-PCR. RESULTS The expression level of pluripotent genes OCT4 and Sox-2, Nanog and lin28 in mesenchymal stem cells derived from cord blood were significantly higher than those in induced pluripotent stem cells. In contrast to OCT-4A and Sox-2, Nanog and lin28, the expression level of oncogenic factors c-Myc and Klf4 were significantly higher in induced pluripotent stem cells than in mesenchymal stem cells derived from cord blood. CONCLUSION It could be concluded that mesenchymal stem cells derived from human cord blood have lower oncogenic potential compared to induced pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Foroutan
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University,
| | - M. Najmi
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences and New Technologies, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch of Islamic Azad University,
| | - N. Kazemi
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences and New Technologies, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch of Islamic Azad University,
| | - M. Hasanlou
- Department of Molecular Genetic, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University
| | - A. Pedram
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University,
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Klf2 contributes to the stemness and self-renewal of human bone marrow stromal cells. Cytotechnology 2014; 68:839-48. [PMID: 25550041 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-014-9837-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown great therapeutic potential in clinical trials; however, loss of pluripotency due to culture senescence is a major factor limiting their application. Understanding the physiology of stem cell self-renewal and stemness, and identifying the molecules that regulate these processes, are critical to future advances in tissue and organ regeneration. The Krüppel-like factor (Klf) family are key transcription factors implicated in self-renewal of embryonic stem cells. Here we identify Klf2 as a crucial transcription factor in undifferentiated human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs), as indicated by gene expression in three culture media. To investigate the role of Klf2 in detail, an overexpression study using a lentiviral system in hBMSCs was performed. After Klf2 overexpression, cell proliferation was increased. The expression of pluripotency-associated genes, including Oct4, Nanog, and Rex1, was also upregulated by Klf2 overexpression. In addition, quantitative RT-PCR indicated a lower level of expression of differentiation related genes in Klf2 overexpressing cells as compared to control cells. Our results identify a functionally conserved role for Klf2 in hBMSCs, in which its expression is biologically important for stemness and self-renewal. These results are the first to show a role for Klf2 in the proliferation and pluripotency of hBMSCs.
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Rad SMAH, Bamdad T, Sadeghizadeh M, Arefian E, Lotfinia M, Ghanipour M. Transcription factor decoy against stem cells master regulators, Nanog and Oct-4: a possible approach for differentiation therapy. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:2621-9. [PMID: 25464862 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2884-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor decoys (TFDs) are exogenous oligonucleotides which can compete by cis-elements in promoters or enhancers for binding to TFs and downregulating gene expression in a specific manner. It is believed that tumor mass originates from cancer stem cells (CSCs) which the same with embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have the properties of both pluripotency and self-renewal (stemness). Many transcription factors such as Nanog, Oct-4, Sox2, Klf4, and Sall4 act as master regulators in the maintenance of stemness in both cell types. Differentiation therapy is based on this theory that by differentiation of CSCs, tumor mass can be eliminated with common cancer therapy methods. To our knowledge, the present study is the first report of a TFD approach against master regulator of stemness, Nanog, Oct-4, and Klf4, for downregulation purposes in P19 embryonic carcinoma stem cell. Different simple and complex decoys against Nanog, OCT-4, Sox2, and Klf4 were designed and used for this purpose. The results showed that the applied decoys especially Nanog-specific decoy decreased the expression of downstream genes.
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Chestkov IV, Khomyakova EA, Vasilieva EA, Lagarkova MA, Kiselev SL. Molecular barriers to processes of genetic reprogramming and cell transformation. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2014; 79:1297-307. [PMID: 25716723 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297914120037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Genetic reprogramming by ectopic expression of transcription factor genes induces the pluripotent state in somatic cells. This technology provides an opportunity to establish pluripotent stem cells for each person, as well as to get better understanding of epigenetic mechanisms controlling cell state. Interestingly, some of the molecular processes that accompany somatic cell reprogramming in vitro are also characteristic for tumor manifestation. Thus, similar "molecular barriers" that control the stability of epigenetic state exist for both processes of pluripotency induction and malignant transformation. The reprogramming of tumor cells is interesting in two aspects: first, it will determine the contribution of epigenetic changes in carcinogenesis; second, it gives an approach to evaluate tumor stem cells that are supposed to form the entire cell mass of the tumor. This review discusses the key stages of genetic reprogramming, the similarity and difference between the reprogramming process and malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I V Chestkov
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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Abdelalim EM, Emara MM, Kolatkar PR. The SOX Transcription Factors as Key Players in Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:2687-99. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Essam M. Abdelalim
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamed M. Emara
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Prasanna R. Kolatkar
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar
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48
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The pluripotency transcription factor network at work in reprogramming. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2014; 28:25-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Rinaldi S, Maioli M, Pigliaru G, Castagna A, Santaniello S, Basoli V, Fontani V, Ventura C. Stem cell senescence. Effects of REAC technology on telomerase-independent and telomerase-dependent pathways. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6373. [PMID: 25224681 PMCID: PMC4165271 DOI: 10.1038/srep06373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Decline in the gene expression of senescence repressor Bmi1, and telomerase, together with telomere shortening, underlay senescence of stem cells cultured for multiple passages. Here, we investigated whether the impairment of senescence preventing mechanisms can be efficiently counteracted by exposure of human adipose-derived stem cells to radio electric asymmetrically conveyed fields by an innovative technology, named Radio Electric Asymmetric Conveyer (REAC). Due to REAC exposure, the number of stem cells positively stained for senescence associated β-galactosidase was significantly reduced along multiple culturing passages. After a 90-day culture, REAC-treated cells exhibited significantly higher transcription of Bmi1 and enhanced expression of other stem cell pluripotency genes and related proteins, compared to unexposed cells. Transcription of the catalytic telomerase subunit (TERT) was also increased in REAC-treated cells at all passages. Moreover, while telomere shortening occurred at early passages in both REAC-treated and untreated cells, a significant rescue of telomere length could be observed at late passages only in REAC-exposed cells. Thus, REAC-asymmetrically conveyed radio electric fields acted on a gene and protein expression program of both telomerase-independent and telomerase-dependent patterning to optimize stem cell ability to cope with senescence progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rinaldi
- 1] Department of Regenerative Medicine, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Viale Belfiore 43, 50144 Florence, Italy [2] Department of Anti Aging Medicine, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Viale Belfiore 43, 50144 Florence, Italy [3] Research Department, Rinaldi Fontani Foundation NPO, Viale Belfiore 43, 50144 Florence, Italy [4]
| | - M Maioli
- 1] Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy [2] Stem Wave Institute for Tissue Healing (SWITH), Gruppo Villa Maria and Ettore Sansavini Health Science Foundation NPO, via Provinciale per Cotignola 9, 48022 Lugo (Ravenna), Italy [3] National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems at the Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola - Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy [4]
| | - G Pigliaru
- 1] Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy [2] Stem Wave Institute for Tissue Healing (SWITH), Gruppo Villa Maria and Ettore Sansavini Health Science Foundation NPO, via Provinciale per Cotignola 9, 48022 Lugo (Ravenna), Italy
| | - A Castagna
- 1] Department of Regenerative Medicine, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Viale Belfiore 43, 50144 Florence, Italy [2] Department of Anti Aging Medicine, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Viale Belfiore 43, 50144 Florence, Italy [3] Research Department, Rinaldi Fontani Foundation NPO, Viale Belfiore 43, 50144 Florence, Italy
| | - S Santaniello
- 1] Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy [2] Stem Wave Institute for Tissue Healing (SWITH), Gruppo Villa Maria and Ettore Sansavini Health Science Foundation NPO, via Provinciale per Cotignola 9, 48022 Lugo (Ravenna), Italy
| | - V Basoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - V Fontani
- 1] Department of Regenerative Medicine, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Viale Belfiore 43, 50144 Florence, Italy [2] Department of Anti Aging Medicine, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Viale Belfiore 43, 50144 Florence, Italy [3] Research Department, Rinaldi Fontani Foundation NPO, Viale Belfiore 43, 50144 Florence, Italy
| | - C Ventura
- 1] Stem Wave Institute for Tissue Healing (SWITH), Gruppo Villa Maria and Ettore Sansavini Health Science Foundation NPO, via Provinciale per Cotignola 9, 48022 Lugo (Ravenna), Italy [2] National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems at the Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola - Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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Abstract
Ligands of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) family members have been implicated in the development and patho-physiological process of various organs. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are characterized by their ability to proliferate indefinitely and differentiated into all three germ layer cells, which are termed as pluripotency and self-renewal,respectively. For successful therapeutic application of ESCs, it is essential to understand the mechanisms underlying self-renewal and pluripotency, which involve complex networks among key factors including transcription factors, epigenetic control, microRNAs and signaling pathways. In this review, we discuss recent progress on the function of TGF beta family ligands and their canonical SMAD signaling in the maintenance of ESC' s identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Soon Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
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