1
|
Mitra A, Dasgupta A, Mitra D. Cellular HSF1 expression is induced during HIV-1 infection by activation of its promoter mediated through the cooperative interaction of HSF1 and viral Nef protein. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 754:109947. [PMID: 38417690 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.109947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
The Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1) tends to activate cellular promoters driving expression of pro-viral genes by complex host-virus interactions for productive infection. We have previously demonstrated that expression of such a positive host factor HSF1 (heat shock factor 1) is elevated during HIV-1 infection; however, the mechanism remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we therefore examined whether HSF1 promoter is induced during HIV-1 infection leading to up-regulation of hsf1 gene expression. We mapped the putative transcription start site (TSS) predicted by Eukaryotic promoter database and deletion constructs of the predicted promoter region were tested through luciferase assay to identify the active promoter. The 347 bp upstream to 153 bp downstream region around the putative TSS displayed the highest activity and both Sp1 (stimulating protein 1) and HSF1 itself were identified to be important for its basal activation. Activity of HSF1 promoter was further stimulated during HIV-1 infection in CD4+ T cells, where interestingly the HSF1-site itself seems to play a major role. In addition, HIV-1 protein Nef (negative factor) was also observed to be responsible for the virus-mediated induction of hsf1 gene expression. Chromatin-immunoprecipitation assays further demonstrate that Nef and HSF1 are co-recruited to the HSF1-binding site and cooperatively act on this promoter. The interplay between host HSF1 and viral Nef on HSF1 promoter eventually leads to increase in HSF1 expression during HIV-1 infection. Understanding the mechanism of HSF1 up-regulation during HIV-1 infection might contribute to future antiviral strategies as HSF1 is a positive regulator of virus replication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alapani Mitra
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune - 411007, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Anindita Dasgupta
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune - 411007, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Debashis Mitra
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune - 411007, Maharashtra, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Schroeder HT, De Lemos Muller CH, Heck TG, Krause M, Homem de Bittencourt PI. The dance of proteostasis and metabolism: Unveiling the caloristatic controlling switch. Cell Stress Chaperones 2024; 29:175-200. [PMID: 38331164 PMCID: PMC10939077 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstres.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The heat shock response (HSR) is an ancient and evolutionarily conserved mechanism designed to restore cellular homeostasis following proteotoxic challenges. However, it has become increasingly evident that disruptions in energy metabolism also trigger the HSR. This interplay between proteostasis and energy regulation is rooted in the fundamental need for ATP to fuel protein synthesis and repair, making the HSR an essential component of cellular energy management. Recent findings suggest that the origins of proteostasis-defending systems can be traced back over 3.6 billion years, aligning with the emergence of sugar kinases that optimized glycolysis around 3.594 billion years ago. This evolutionary connection is underscored by the spatial similarities between the nucleotide-binding domain of HSP70, the key player in protein chaperone machinery, and hexokinases. The HSR serves as a hub that integrates energy metabolism and resolution of inflammation, further highlighting its role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Notably, 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase emerges as a central regulator, promoting the HSR during predominantly proteotoxic stress while suppressing it in response to predominantly metabolic stress. The complex relationship between 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and the HSR is finely tuned, with paradoxical effects observed under different stress conditions. This delicate equilibrium, known as caloristasis, ensures that cellular homeostasis is maintained despite shifting environmental and intracellular conditions. Understanding the caloristatic controlling switch at the heart of this interplay is crucial. It offers insights into a wide range of conditions, including glycemic control, obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, reproductive abnormalities, and the optimization of exercise routines. These findings highlight the profound interconnectedness of proteostasis and energy metabolism in cellular function and adaptation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Trevisan Schroeder
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (FisCel) Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique De Lemos Muller
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Metabolism and Exercise Research (LAPIMEX), Department of Physiology, ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Thiago Gomes Heck
- Post Graduate Program in Integral Health Care (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ/URI), Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande Do Sul State (UNIJUI) and Post Graduate Program in Mathematical and Computational Modeling (PPGMMC), UNIJUI, Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Krause
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Metabolism and Exercise Research (LAPIMEX), Department of Physiology, ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ivo Homem de Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (FisCel) Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dorantes-Palma D, Pérez-Mora S, Azuara-Liceaga E, Pérez-Rueda E, Pérez-Ishiwara DG, Coca-González M, Medel-Flores MO, Gómez-García C. Screening and Structural Characterization of Heat Shock Response Elements (HSEs) in Entamoeba histolytica Promoters. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1319. [PMID: 38279319 PMCID: PMC10815948 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Entamoeba histolytica (E. histolytica) exhibits a remarkable capacity to respond to thermal shock stress through a sophisticated genetic regulation mechanism. This process is carried out via Heat Shock Response Elements (HSEs), which are recognized by Heat Shock Transcription Factors (EhHSTFs), enabling fine and precise control of gene expression. Our study focused on screening for HSEs in the promoters of the E. histolytica genome, specifically analyzing six HSEs, including Ehpgp5, EhrabB1, EhrabB4, EhrabB5, Ehmlbp, and Ehhsp100. We discovered 2578 HSEs, with 1412 in promoters of hypothetical genes and 1166 in coding genes. We observed that a single promoter could contain anywhere from one to five HSEs. Gene ontology analysis revealed the presence of HSEs in essential genes for the amoeba, including cysteine proteinases, ribosomal genes, Myb family DNA-binding proteins, and Rab GTPases, among others. Complementarily, our molecular docking analyses indicate that these HSEs are potentially recognized by EhHSTF5, EhHSTF6, and EhHSTF7 factors in their trimeric conformation. These findings suggest that E. histolytica has the capability to regulate a wide range of critical genes via HSE-EhHSTFs, not only for thermal stress response but also for vital functions of the parasite. This is the first comprehensive study of HSEs in the genome of E. histolytica, significantly contributing to the understanding of its genetic regulation and highlighting the complexity and precision of this mechanism in the parasite's survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Dorantes-Palma
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular 1, ENMyH, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07320, Mexico; (D.D.-P.); (S.P.-M.); (D.G.P.-I.); (M.C.-G.); (M.O.M.-F.)
| | - Salvador Pérez-Mora
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular 1, ENMyH, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07320, Mexico; (D.D.-P.); (S.P.-M.); (D.G.P.-I.); (M.C.-G.); (M.O.M.-F.)
| | - Elisa Azuara-Liceaga
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, Mexico City 03100, Mexico;
| | - Ernesto Pérez-Rueda
- Unidad Académica del Estado de Yucatán, Instituto de Investigaciones en Matemáticas Aplicadas y en Sistemas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 97302, Mexico;
| | - David Guillermo Pérez-Ishiwara
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular 1, ENMyH, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07320, Mexico; (D.D.-P.); (S.P.-M.); (D.G.P.-I.); (M.C.-G.); (M.O.M.-F.)
| | - Misael Coca-González
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular 1, ENMyH, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07320, Mexico; (D.D.-P.); (S.P.-M.); (D.G.P.-I.); (M.C.-G.); (M.O.M.-F.)
| | - María Olivia Medel-Flores
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular 1, ENMyH, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07320, Mexico; (D.D.-P.); (S.P.-M.); (D.G.P.-I.); (M.C.-G.); (M.O.M.-F.)
| | - Consuelo Gómez-García
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular 1, ENMyH, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07320, Mexico; (D.D.-P.); (S.P.-M.); (D.G.P.-I.); (M.C.-G.); (M.O.M.-F.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Löchli K, Torbica E, Haile-Weldeslasie M, Baku D, Aziz A, Bublak D, Fragkostefanakis S. Crosstalk between endoplasmic reticulum and cytosolic unfolded protein response in tomato. Cell Stress Chaperones 2023; 28:511-528. [PMID: 36449150 PMCID: PMC10469158 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-022-01316-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Conditions that cause proteotoxicity like high temperature trigger the activation of unfolded protein response (UPR). The cytosolic (CPR) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) UPR rely on heat stress transcription factor (HSF) and two members of the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) gene family, respectively. In tomato, HsfA1a is the master regulator of CPR. Here, we identified the core players of tomato ER-UPR including the two central transcriptional regulators, namely bZIP28 and bZIP60. Interestingly, the induction of ER-UPR genes and the activation of bZIP60 are altered in transgenic plants where HsfA1a is either overexpressed (A1aOE) or suppressed (A1CS), indicating an interplay between CPR and ER-UPR systems. Several ER-UPR genes are differentially expressed in the HsfA1a transgenic lines either exposed to heat stress or to the ER stress elicitor tunicamycin (TUN). The ectopic expression of HsfA1a is associated with higher tolerance against TUN. On the example of the ER-resident Hsp70 chaperone BIP3, we show that the presence of cis-elements required for HSF and bZIP regulation serves as a putative platform for the co-regulation of these genes by both CPR and ER-UPR mechanisms, in the case of BIP3 in a stimulatory manner under high temperatures. In addition, we show that the accumulation of HsfA1a results in higher levels of three ATG genes and a more sensitized induction of autophagy in response to ER stress which also supports the increased tolerance to ER stress of the A1aOE line. These findings provide a basis for the coordination of protein homeostasis in different cellular compartments under stress conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Löchli
- Molecular and Cell Biology of Plants, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60438, Germany
| | - Emma Torbica
- Molecular and Cell Biology of Plants, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60438, Germany
| | | | - Deborah Baku
- Molecular and Cell Biology of Plants, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60438, Germany
| | - Aatika Aziz
- Molecular and Cell Biology of Plants, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60438, Germany
| | - Daniela Bublak
- Molecular and Cell Biology of Plants, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60438, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ciccarelli M, Masser AE, Kaimal JM, Planells J, Andréasson C. Genetic inactivation of essential HSF1 reveals an isolated transcriptional stress response selectively induced by protein misfolding. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:ar101. [PMID: 37467033 PMCID: PMC10551698 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-05-0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat Shock Factor 1 (Hsf1) in yeast drives the basal transcription of key proteostasis factors and its activity is induced as part of the core heat shock response. Exploring Hsf1 specific functions has been challenging due to the essential nature of the HSF1 gene and the extensive overlap of target promoters with environmental stress response (ESR) transcription factors Msn2 and Msn4 (Msn2/4). In this study, we constructed a viable hsf1∆ strain by replacing the HSF1 open reading frame with genes that constitutively express Hsp40, Hsp70, and Hsp90 from Hsf1-independent promoters. Phenotypic analysis showed that the hsf1∆ strain grows slowly, is sensitive to heat as well as protein misfolding and accumulates protein aggregates. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the transcriptional response to protein misfolding induced by azetidine-2-carboxylic acid is fully dependent on Hsf1. In contrast, the hsf1∆ strain responded to heat shock through the ESR. Following HS, Hsf1 and Msn2/4 showed functional compensatory induction with stronger activation of the remaining stress pathway when the other branch was inactivated. Thus, we provide a long-overdue genetic test of the function of Hsf1 in yeast using the novel hsf1∆ construct. Our data highlight that the accumulation of misfolded proteins is uniquely sensed by Hsf1-Hsp70 chaperone titration inducing a highly selective transcriptional stress response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Ciccarelli
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna E Masser
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Jordi Planells
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claes Andréasson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xiao C, Xue S, Pan Y, Liu X, Huang M. Overexpression of genes by stress-responsive promoters increases protein secretion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:203. [PMID: 37209206 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03646-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant proteins produced by cell factories are now widely used in various fields. Many efforts have been made to improve the secretion capacity of cell factories to meet the increasing demand for recombinant proteins. Recombinant protein production usually causes cell stress in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The overexpression of key genes possibly removes limitations in protein secretion. However, inappropriate gene expression may have negative effects. There is a need for dynamic control of genes adapted to cellular status. In this study, we constructed and characterized synthetic promoters that were inducible under ER stress conditions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The unfolded protein response element UPRE2, responding to stress with a wide dynamic range, was assembled with various promoter core regions, resulting in UPR-responsive promoters. Synthetic responsive promoters regulated gene expression by responding to stress level, which reflected the cellular status. The engineered strain using synthetic responsive promoters P4UPRE2 - TDH3 and P4UPRE2 - TEF1 for co-expression of ERO1 and SLY1 had 95% higher α-amylase production compared with the strain using the native promoters PTDH3 and PTEF1. This work showed that UPR-responsive promoters were useful in the metabolic engineering of yeast strains for tuning genes to support efficient protein production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chufan Xiao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Songlyu Xue
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Yuyang Pan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Xiufang Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Mingtao Huang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhao X, Yin K, Feng R, Miao R, Lin J, Cao L, Ni Y, Li W, Zhang Q. Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of the Heat-Shock Protein Gene in L. edodes and Expression Pattern Analysis under Heat Shock. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:614-627. [PMID: 36661527 PMCID: PMC9858218 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Lentinula edodes (L. edodes), one of the most popular edible mushrooms in China, is adversely affected by high temperature. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) play a crucial role in regulating the defense responses against the abiotic stresses in L. edodes. Some HSPs in L. edodes have been described previously, but a genome-wide analysis of these proteins is still lacking. Here, the HSP genes across the entire genome of the L. edodes mushroom were identified. The 34 LeHSP genes were subsequently classified into six subfamilies according to their molecular weights and the phylogenetic analysis. Sequence analysis showed that LeHSP proteins from the same subfamily have conserved domains and one to five similar motifs. Except for Chr 5 and 9, 34 LeHSPs genes were distributed on the other eight chromosomes. Three pairs of paralogs were identified because of sequence alignment and were confirmed as arising from segmental duplication. In LeHSPs' promoters, different numbers of heat shock elements (HSEs) were predicted. The expression profiles of LeHSPs in 18N44 and 18 suggested that the thermo-tolerance of strain 18N44 might be related to high levels of LeHSPs transcript in response to heat stress. The quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis of the 16 LeHSP genes in strains Le015 and Le027 verified their stress-inducible expression patterns under heat stress. Therefore, these comprehensive findings provide useful in-depth information on the evolution and function of LeHSPs and lay a theoretical foundation in breeding thermotolerant L. edodes varieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhao
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610299, China
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu 610299, China
- Facility Agriculture and Equipment Research Institute, Gansu Academy of Agri-engineering Technology, Wuwei 733006, China
| | - Kaiyong Yin
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610299, China
| | - Rencai Feng
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610299, China
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu 610299, China
| | - Renyun Miao
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610299, China
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu 610299, China
| | - Junbin Lin
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610299, China
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu 610299, China
| | - Luping Cao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yanqing Ni
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Wensheng Li
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610299, China
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu 610299, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rao S, Gupta A, Bansal C, Sorin C, Crespi M, Mathur S. A conserved HSF:miR169:NF-YA loop involved in tomato and Arabidopsis heat stress tolerance. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 112:7-26. [PMID: 36050841 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress transcription factors (HSFs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate different stress and developmental networks in plants. Regulatory feedback mechanisms are at the basis of these networks. Here, we report that plants improve their heat stress tolerance through HSF-mediated transcriptional regulation of MIR169 and post-transcriptional regulation of Nuclear Factor-YA (NF-YA) transcription factors. We show that HSFs recognize tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and Arabidopsis MIR169 promoters using yeast one-hybrid/chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative PCR. Silencing tomato HSFs using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) reduced Sly-MIR169 levels and enhanced Sly-NF-YA9/A10 target expression. Further, Sly-NF-YA9/A10 VIGS knockdown tomato plants and Arabidopsis plants overexpressing At-MIR169d or At-nf-ya2 mutants showed a link with increased heat tolerance. In contrast, Arabidopsis plants overexpressing At-NF-YA2 and those expressing a non-cleavable At-NF-YA2 form (miR169d-resistant At-NF-YA2) as well as plants in which At-miR169d regulation is inhibited (miR169d mimic plants) were more sensitive to heat stress, highlighting NF-YA as a negative regulator of heat tolerance. Furthermore, post-transcriptional cleavage of NF-YA by elevated miR169 levels resulted in alleviation of the repression of the heat stress effector HSFA7 in tomato and Arabidopsis, revealing a retroactive control of HSFs by the miR169:NF-YA node. Hence, a regulatory feedback loop involving HSFs, miR169s and NF-YAs plays a critical role in the regulation of the heat stress response in tomato and Arabidopsis plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sombir Rao
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, PO Box No. 10531, New Delhi, 110 067, India
| | - Apoorva Gupta
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, PO Box No. 10531, New Delhi, 110 067, India
| | - Chandni Bansal
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, PO Box No. 10531, New Delhi, 110 067, India
| | - Celine Sorin
- CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Université Paris-Saclay, Univ Evry, 91405, Orsay, France
- CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Université de Paris, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Martin Crespi
- CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Université Paris-Saclay, Univ Evry, 91405, Orsay, France
- CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Université de Paris, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Saloni Mathur
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, PO Box No. 10531, New Delhi, 110 067, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Georgoulis I, Feidantsis K, Giantsis IA, Kakale A, Bock C, Pörtner HO, Sokolova IM, Michaelidis B. Heat hardening enhances mitochondrial potential for respiration and oxidative defence capacity in the mantle of thermally stressed Mytilus galloprovincialis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17098. [PMID: 34429490 PMCID: PMC8384858 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96617-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ectotherms are exposed to a range of environmental temperatures and may face extremes beyond their upper thermal limits. Such temperature extremes can stimulate aerobic metabolism toward its maximum, a decline in aerobic substrate oxidation, and a parallel increase of anaerobic metabolism, combined with ROS generation and oxidative stress. Under these stressful conditions, marine organisms recruit several defensive strategies for their maintenance and survival. However, thermal tolerance of ectothermic organisms may be increased after a brief exposure to sub-lethal temperatures, a process known as "hardening". In our study, we examined the ability of M. galloprovincialis to increase its thermal tolerance under the effect of elevated temperatures (24, 26 and 28 °C) through the "hardening" process. Our results demonstrate that this process can increase the heat tolerance and antioxidant defense of heat hardened mussels through more efficient ETS activity when exposed to temperatures beyond 24 °C, compared to non-hardened individuals. Enhanced cell protection is reflected in better adaptive strategies of heat hardened mussels, and thus decreased mortality. Although hardening seems a promising process for the maintenance of aquacultured populations under increased seasonal temperatures, further investigation of the molecular and cellular mechanisms regulating mussels' heat resistance is required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Georgoulis
- grid.4793.90000000109457005Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Feidantsis
- grid.4793.90000000109457005Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis A. Giantsis
- grid.184212.c0000 0000 9364 8877Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Western Macedonia, 53100 Florina, Greece
| | - Asimina Kakale
- grid.4793.90000000109457005Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christian Bock
- grid.10894.340000 0001 1033 7684Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Center for Polar and Marine Research, Integrative Ecophysiology, Postfach 120161, 27515 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Hans O. Pörtner
- grid.10894.340000 0001 1033 7684Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Center for Polar and Marine Research, Integrative Ecophysiology, Postfach 120161, 27515 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Inna M. Sokolova
- grid.10493.3f0000000121858338Department of Marine Biology, Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, A.-Einstein Str., 3, 18055 Rostock, Germany
| | - Basile Michaelidis
- grid.4793.90000000109457005Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bourgine B, Guihur A. Heat Shock Signaling in Land Plants: From Plasma Membrane Sensing to the Transcription of Small Heat Shock Proteins. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:710801. [PMID: 34434209 PMCID: PMC8381196 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.710801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress events are major factors limiting crop productivity. During summer days, land plants must anticipate in a timely manner upcoming mild and severe temperature. They respond by accumulating protective heat-shock proteins (HSPs), conferring acquired thermotolerance. All organisms synthetize HSPs; many of which are members of the conserved chaperones families. This review describes recent advances in plant temperature sensing, signaling, and response. We highlight the pathway from heat perception by the plasma membrane through calcium channels, such as cyclic nucleotide-gated channels, to the activation of the heat-shock transcription factors (HSFs). An unclear cellular signal activates HSFs, which act as essential regulators. In particular, the HSFA subfamily can bind heat shock elements in HSP promoters and could mediate the dissociation of bound histones, leading to HSPs transcription. Although plants can modulate their transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome to protect the cellular machinery, HSP chaperones prevent, use, and revert the formation of misfolded proteins, thereby avoiding heat-induced cell death. Remarkably, the HSP20 family is mostly tightly repressed at low temperature, suggesting that a costly mechanism can become detrimental under unnecessary conditions. Here, the role of HSP20s in response to HS and their possible deleterious expression at non-HS temperatures is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony Guihur
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lang BJ, Guerrero ME, Prince TL, Okusha Y, Bonorino C, Calderwood SK. The functions and regulation of heat shock proteins; key orchestrators of proteostasis and the heat shock response. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:1943-1970. [PMID: 34003342 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03070-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cells respond to protein-damaging (proteotoxic) stress by activation of the Heat Shock Response (HSR). The HSR provides cells with an enhanced ability to endure proteotoxic insults and plays a crucial role in determining subsequent cell death or survival. The HSR is, therefore, a critical factor that influences the toxicity of protein stress. While named for its vital role in the cellular response to heat stress, various components of the HSR system and the molecular chaperone network execute essential physiological functions as well as responses to other diverse toxic insults. The effector molecules of the HSR, the Heat Shock Factors (HSFs) and Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs), are also important regulatory targets in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases and cancers. Modulation of the HSR and/or its extended network have, therefore, become attractive treatment strategies for these diseases. Development of effective therapies will, however, require a detailed understanding of the HSR, important features of which continue to be uncovered and are yet to be completely understood. We review recently described and hallmark mechanistic principles of the HSR, the regulation and functions of HSPs, and contexts in which the HSR is activated and influences cell fate in response to various toxic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Lang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Martin E Guerrero
- Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicine and Experimental Biology of Cuyo (IMBECU), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), 5500, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Thomas L Prince
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Yuka Okusha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Cristina Bonorino
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Stuart K Calderwood
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Stultz LK, Hunsucker A, Middleton S, Grovenstein E, O'Leary J, Blatt E, Miller M, Mobley J, Hanson PK. Proteomic analysis of the S. cerevisiae response to the anticancer ruthenium complex KP1019. Metallomics 2020; 12:876-890. [PMID: 32329475 PMCID: PMC7362344 DOI: 10.1039/d0mt00008f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Like platinum-based chemotherapeutics, the anticancer ruthenium complex indazolium trans-[tetrachlorobis(1H-indazole)ruthenate(iii)], or KP1019, damages DNA, induces apoptosis, and causes tumor regression in animal models. Unlike platinum-based drugs, KP1019 showed no dose-limiting toxicity in a phase I clinical trial. Despite these advances, the mechanism(s) and target(s) of KP1019 remain unclear. For example, the drug may damage DNA directly or by causing oxidative stress. Likewise, KP1019 binds cytosolic proteins, suggesting DNA is not the sole target. Here we use the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model in a proteomic study of the cellular response to KP1019. Mapping protein level changes onto metabolic pathways revealed patterns consistent with elevated synthesis and/or cycling of the antioxidant glutathione, suggesting KP1019 induces oxidative stress. This result was supported by increased fluorescence of the redox-sensitive dye DCFH-DA and increased KP1019 sensitivity of yeast lacking Yap1, a master regulator of the oxidative stress response. In addition to oxidative and DNA stress, bioinformatic analysis revealed drug-dependent increases in proteins involved ribosome biogenesis, translation, and protein (re)folding. Consistent with proteotoxic effects, KP1019 increased expression of a heat-shock element (HSE) lacZ reporter. KP1019 pre-treatment also sensitized yeast to oxaliplatin, paralleling prior research showing that cancer cell lines with elevated levels of translation machinery are hypersensitive to oxaliplatin. Combined, these data suggest that one of KP1019's many targets may be protein metabolism, which opens up intriguing possibilities for combination therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura K Stultz
- Department of Chemistry, Birmingham-Southern College, Birmingham, AL 35254, USA
| | - Alexandra Hunsucker
- Department of Biology, Birmingham-Southern College, Birmingham, AL 35254, USA
| | - Sydney Middleton
- Department of Chemistry, Birmingham-Southern College, Birmingham, AL 35254, USA
| | - Evan Grovenstein
- Department of Biology, Birmingham-Southern College, Birmingham, AL 35254, USA
| | - Jacob O'Leary
- Department of Chemistry, Birmingham-Southern College, Birmingham, AL 35254, USA
| | - Eliot Blatt
- Department of Biology, Rhodes College, Memphis, TN 38112, USA
| | - Mary Miller
- Department of Biology, Rhodes College, Memphis, TN 38112, USA
| | - James Mobley
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Pamela K Hanson
- Department of Biology, Furman University, Greenville, SC 29613, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhao P, Javed S, Shi X, Wu B, Zhang D, Xu S, Wang X. Varying Architecture of Heat Shock Elements Contributes to Distinct Magnitudes of Target Gene Expression and Diverged Biological Pathways in Heat Stress Response of Bread Wheat. Front Genet 2020; 11:30. [PMID: 32117446 PMCID: PMC7010933 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The heat shock transcription factor (HSF) binds to cis-regulatory motifs known as heat shock elements (HSEs) to mediate the transcriptional response of HSF target genes. However, the HSF-HSEs interaction is not clearly understood. Using the newly released genome reference sequence of bread wheat, we identified 39,478 HSEs (95.6% of which were non-canonical HSEs) and collapsed them into 30,604 wheat genes, accounting for 27.6% wheat genes. Using the intensively heat-responsive transcriptomes of wheat, we demonstrated that canonical HSEs have a higher propensity to induce a response in the closest downstream genes than non-canonical HSEs. However, the response magnitude induced by non-canonical HSEs was comparable to that induced by canonical HSEs. Significantly, some non-canonical HSEs that contain mismatched nucleotides at specific positions within HSEs had a larger response magnitude than that of canonical HSEs. Consistently, most of the HSEs identified in the promoter regions of heat shock proteins were non-canonical HSEs, suggesting an important role for these non-canonical HSEs. Lastly, distinct diverged biological processes were observed between genes containing different HSE types, suggesting that sequence variation in HSEs plays a key role in the evolution of heat responses and adaptation. Our results provide a new perspective to understand the regulatory network underlying heat responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Sidra Javed
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xue Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Bingjin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Dongzhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Shengbao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Genome-wide investigation of the heat shock transcription factor (Hsf) gene family in Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum). BMC Genomics 2019; 20:871. [PMID: 31730445 PMCID: PMC6858736 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6205-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heat shock transcription factor (Hsfs) is widely found in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Hsfs can not only help organisms resist high temperature, but also participate in the regulation of plant growth and development (such as involved in the regulation of seed maturity and affects the root length of plants). The Hsf gene was first isolated from yeast and then gradually found in plants and sequenced, such as Arabidopsis thaliana, rice, maize. Tartary buckwheat is a rutin-rich crop, and its nutritional value and medicinal value are receiving more and more attention. However, there are few studies on the Hsf genes in Tartary buckwheat. With the whole genome sequence of Tartary buckwheat, we can effectively study the Hsf gene family in Tartary buckwheat. Results According to the study, 29 Hsf genes of Tartary buckwheat (FtHsf) were identified and renamed according to location of FtHsf genes on chromosome after removing a redundant gene. Therefore, only 29 FtHsf genes truly had the functional characteristics of the FtHsf family. The 29 FtHsf genes were located on 8 chromosomes of Tartary buckwheat, and we found gene duplication events in the FtHsf gene family, which may promote the expansion of the FtHsf gene family. Then, the motif compositions and the evolutionary relationship of FtHsf proteins and the gene structures, cis-acting elements in the promoter, synteny analysis of FtHsf genes were discussed in detail. What’s more, we found that the transcription levels of FtHsf in different tissues and fruit development stages were significantly different by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), implied that FtHsf may differ in function. Conclusions In this study, only 29 Hsf genes were identified in Tartary buckwheat. Meanwhile, we also classified the FtHsf genes, and studied their structure, evolutionary relationship and the expression pattern. This series of studies has certain reference value for the study of the specific functional characteristics of Tartary buckwheat Hsf genes and to improve the yield and quality of Tartary buckwheat in the future.
Collapse
|
15
|
Masser AE, Kang W, Roy J, Mohanakrishnan Kaimal J, Quintana-Cordero J, Friedländer MR, Andréasson C. Cytoplasmic protein misfolding titrates Hsp70 to activate nuclear Hsf1. eLife 2019; 8:47791. [PMID: 31552827 PMCID: PMC6779467 DOI: 10.7554/elife.47791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hsf1 is an ancient transcription factor that responds to protein folding stress by inducing the heat-shock response (HSR) that restore perturbed proteostasis. Hsp70 chaperones negatively regulate the activity of Hsf1 via stress-responsive mechanisms that are poorly understood. Here, we have reconstituted budding yeast Hsf1-Hsp70 activation complexes and find that surplus Hsp70 inhibits Hsf1 DNA-binding activity. Hsp70 binds Hsf1 via its canonical substrate binding domain and Hsp70 regulates Hsf1 DNA-binding activity. During heat shock, Hsp70 is out-titrated by misfolded proteins derived from ongoing translation in the cytosol. Pushing the boundaries of the regulatory system unveils a genetic hyperstress program that is triggered by proteostasis collapse and involves an enlarged Hsf1 regulon. The findings demonstrate how an apparently simple chaperone-titration mechanism produces diversified transcriptional output in response to distinct stress loads.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Masser
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wenjing Kang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joydeep Roy
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Jany Quintana-Cordero
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marc R Friedländer
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claes Andréasson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Peffer S, Gonçalves D, Morano KA. Regulation of the Hsf1-dependent transcriptome via conserved bipartite contacts with Hsp70 promotes survival in yeast. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:12191-12202. [PMID: 31239354 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein homeostasis and cellular fitness in the presence of proteotoxic stress is promoted by heat shock factor 1 (Hsf1), which controls basal and stress-induced expression of molecular chaperones and other targets. The major heat shock proteins and molecular chaperones Hsp70 and Hsp90, in turn, participate in a negative feedback loop that ensures appropriate coordination of the heat shock response with environmental conditions. Features of this regulatory circuit in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been recently defined, most notably regarding direct interaction between Hsf1 and the constitutively expressed Hsp70 protein Ssa1. Here, we sought to further examine the Ssa1/Hsf1 regulation. We found that Ssa1 interacts independently with both the previously defined CE2 site in the Hsf1 C-terminal transcriptional activation domain and with an additional site that we identified within the N-terminal activation domain. Consistent with both sites bearing a recognition signature for Hsp70, we demonstrate that Ssa1 contacts Hsf1 via its substrate-binding domain and that abolishing either regulatory site results in loss of Ssa1 interaction. Removing Hsp70 regulation of Hsf1 globally dysregulated Hsf1 transcriptional activity, with synergistic effects on both gene expression and cellular fitness when both sites are disrupted together. Finally, we report that Hsp70 interacts with both transcriptional activation domains of Hsf1 in the related yeast Lachancea kluyveri Our findings indicate that Hsf1 transcriptional activity is tightly regulated to ensure cellular fitness and that a general and conserved Hsp70-HSF1 feedback loop regulates cellular proteostasis in yeast.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Peffer
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030; M.D. Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Davi Gonçalves
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Kevin A Morano
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Akhter D, Qin R, Nath UK, Eshag J, Jin X, Shi C. A rice gene, OsPL, encoding a MYB family transcription factor confers anthocyanin synthesis, heat stress response and hormonal signaling. Gene 2019; 699:62-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
18
|
Sun Z, Brodsky JL. The degradation pathway of a model misfolded protein is determined by aggregation propensity. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 29:1422-1434. [PMID: 29688814 PMCID: PMC6014095 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-02-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein homeostasis in the secretory pathway is maintained by a hierarchy of quality control checkpoints, including endoplasmic reticulum–associated degradation (ERAD), which leads to the destruction of misfolded proteins in the ER, as well as post-ER proteolysis. Although most aberrant proteins are degraded by ERAD, some misfolded proteins escape the ER and are degraded instead by lysosomal/vacuolar proteases. To date, it remains unclear how misfolded membrane proteins are selected for these different fates. Here we designed a novel model substrate, SZ*, to investigate how substrate selection is mediated in yeast. We discovered that SZ* is degraded by both the proteasome and vacuolar proteases, the latter of which occurs after ER exit and requires the multivesicular body pathway. By interrogating how various conditions affect the fate of SZ*, we also discovered that heat-shock and substrate overexpression increase ERAD targeting. These conditions also increase substrate aggregation. We next found that aggregation of the membrane-free misfolded domain in SZ* is concentration dependent, and fusion of this misfolded domain to a post-ER quality control substrate instead targets the substrate for ERAD. Our data indicate that a misfolded membrane protein with a higher aggregation propensity is preferentially retained in the ER and targeted for ERAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Sun
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
| | - Jeffrey L Brodsky
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Molecular Chaperones: Structure-Function Relationship and their Role in Protein Folding. REGULATION OF HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN RESPONSES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-74715-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
20
|
Yang DH, Jung KW, Bang S, Lee JW, Song MH, Floyd-Averette A, Festa RA, Ianiri G, Idnurm A, Thiele DJ, Heitman J, Bahn YS. Rewiring of Signaling Networks Modulating Thermotolerance in the Human Pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. Genetics 2017; 205:201-219. [PMID: 27866167 PMCID: PMC5223503 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.116.190595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermotolerance is a crucial virulence attribute for human pathogens, including the fungus Cryptococcus neoformans that causes fatal meningitis in humans. Loss of the protein kinase Sch9 increases C. neoformans thermotolerance, but its regulatory mechanism has remained unknown. Here, we studied the Sch9-dependent and Sch9-independent signaling networks modulating C. neoformans thermotolerance by using genome-wide transcriptome analysis and reverse genetic approaches. During temperature upshift, genes encoding for molecular chaperones and heat shock proteins were upregulated, whereas those for translation, transcription, and sterol biosynthesis were highly suppressed. In this process, Sch9 regulated basal expression levels or induced/repressed expression levels of some temperature-responsive genes, including heat shock transcription factor (HSF1) and heat shock proteins (HSP104 and SSA1). Notably, we found that the HSF1 transcript abundance decreased but the Hsf1 protein became transiently phosphorylated during temperature upshift. Nevertheless, Hsf1 is essential for growth and its overexpression promoted C. neoformans thermotolerance. Transcriptome analysis using an HSF1 overexpressing strain revealed a dual role of Hsf1 in the oxidative stress response and thermotolerance. Chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrated that Hsf1 binds to the step-type like heat shock element (HSE) of its target genes more efficiently than to the perfect- or gap-type HSE. This study provides insight into the thermotolerance of C. neoformans by elucidating the regulatory mechanisms of Sch9 and Hsf1 through the genome-scale identification of temperature-dependent genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hoon Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Woo Jung
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Soohyun Bang
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Won Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Hee Song
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Anna Floyd-Averette
- Departments of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Medicine, and Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Richard A Festa
- Departments of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Giuseppe Ianiri
- Departments of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Medicine, and Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Alexander Idnurm
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Dennis J Thiele
- Departments of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Joseph Heitman
- Departments of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Medicine, and Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Yong-Sun Bahn
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Li G, Jia H, Wang H, Yan Y, Guo X, Sun Q, Xu B. A typical RNA-binding protein gene (AccRBM11) in Apis cerana cerana: characterization of AccRBM11 and its possible involvement in development and stress responses. Cell Stress Chaperones 2016; 21:1005-1019. [PMID: 27590229 PMCID: PMC5083670 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-016-0725-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding motif proteins (RBMs) belong to RNA-binding proteins that display extraordinary posttranscriptional gene regulation roles in various cellular processes, including development, growth, and stress responses. Nevertheless, only a few examples of the roles of RBMs are known in insects, particularly in Apis cerana cerana. In the present study, we characterized the novel RNA-binding motif protein 11 from Apis cerana cerana, which was named AccRBM11 and whose promoter sequence included abundant potential transcription factor binding sites that are connected to responses to adverse stress and early development. Quantitative PCR results suggested that AccRBM11 was expressed at highest levels in 1-day postemergence worker bees. AccRBM11 mRNA and protein levels were higher in the poison gland and the epidermis than in other tissues. Moreover, levels of AccRBM11 transcription were upregulated upon all the simulation of abiotic stresses. Furthermore, Western blot analysis indicated that AccRBM11 protein expression levels could be induced under some abiotic stressors, a result that did not completely in agree with the qRT-PCR results. It is also noteworthy that the expression of some genes that connected with development or stress responses were remarkably suppressed when AccRBM11 was silenced, which suggested that AccRBM11 might play a similar role in development or stress reactions with the above genes. Taken together, the data presented here provide evidence that AccRBM11 is potentially involved in the regulation of development and some abiotic stress responses. We expect that this study will promote future research on the function of RNA-binding proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guilin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Haihong Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongfang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingqi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, People's Republic of China.
| | - Baohua Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Martinez-Rossi NM, Jacob TR, Sanches PR, Peres NTA, Lang EAS, Martins MP, Rossi A. Heat Shock Proteins in Dermatophytes: Current Advances and Perspectives. Curr Genomics 2016; 17:99-111. [PMID: 27226766 PMCID: PMC4864838 DOI: 10.2174/1389202917666151116212437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are proteins whose transcription responds rapidly to temperature shifts. They constitute a family of molecular chaperones, involved in the proper folding and stabilisation of proteins under physiological and adverse conditions. HSPs also assist in the protection and recovery of cells exposed to a variety of stressful conditions, including heat. The role of HSPs extends beyond chaperoning proteins, as they also participate in diverse cellular functions, such as the assembly of macromolecular complexes, protein transport and sorting, dissociation of denatured protein aggregates, cell cycle control, and programmed cell death. They are also important antigens from a variety of pathogens, are able to stimulate innate immune cells, and are implicated in acquired immunity. In fungi, HSPs have been implicated in virulence, dimorphic transition, and drug resistance. Some HSPs are potential targets for therapeutic strategies. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of HSPs in dermatophytes, which are a group of keratinophilic fungi responsible for superficial mycoses in humans and animals. Computational analyses were performed to characterise the group of proteins in these dermatophytes, as well as to assess their conservation and to identify DNA-binding domains (5′-nGAAn-3′) in the promoter regions of the hsp genes. In addition, the quantification of the transcript levels of few genes in a pacC background helped in the development of an extended model for the regulation of the expression of the hsp genes, which supports the participation of the pH-responsive transcriptional regulator PacC in this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nilce M Martinez-Rossi
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Tiago R Jacob
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Pablo R Sanches
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Nalu T A Peres
- Present address: Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe, SE, Brazil
| | - Elza A S Lang
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Maíra P Martins
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio Rossi
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Nguyen AD, Gotelli NJ, Cahan SH. The evolution of heat shock protein sequences, cis-regulatory elements, and expression profiles in the eusocial Hymenoptera. BMC Evol Biol 2016; 16:15. [PMID: 26787420 PMCID: PMC4717527 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-015-0573-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The eusocial Hymenoptera have radiated across a wide range of thermal environments, exposing them to significant physiological stressors. We reconstructed the evolutionary history of three families of Heat Shock Proteins (Hsp90, Hsp70, Hsp40), the primary molecular chaperones protecting against thermal damage, across 12 Hymenopteran species and four other insect orders. We also predicted and tested for thermal inducibility of eight Hsps from the presence of cis-regulatory heat shock elements (HSEs). We tested whether Hsp induction patterns in ants were associated with different thermal environments. Results We found evidence for duplications, losses, and cis-regulatory changes in two of the three gene families. One member of the Hsp90 gene family, hsp83, duplicated basally in the Hymenoptera, with shifts in HSE motifs in the novel copy. Both copies were retained in bees, but ants retained only the novel HSE copy. For Hsp70, Hymenoptera lack the primary heat-inducible orthologue from Drosophila melanogaster and instead induce the cognate form, hsc70-4, which also underwent an early duplication. Episodic diversifying selection was detected along the branch predating the duplication of hsc70-4 and continued along one of the paralogue branches after duplication. Four out of eight Hsp genes were heat-inducible and matched the predictions based on presence of conserved HSEs. For the inducible homologues, the more thermally tolerant species, Pogonomyrmex barbatus, had greater Hsp basal expression and induction in response to heat stress than did the less thermally tolerant species, Aphaenogaster picea. Furthermore, there was no trade-off between basal expression and induction. Conclusions Our results highlight the unique evolutionary history of Hsps in eusocial Hymenoptera, which has been shaped by gains, losses, and changes in cis-regulation. Ants, and most likely other Hymenoptera, utilize lineage-specific heat inducible Hsps, whose expression patterns are associated with adaptive variation in thermal tolerance between two ant species. Collectively, our analyses suggest that Hsp sequence and expression patterns may reflect the forces of selection acting on thermal tolerance in ants and other social Hymenoptera. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-015-0573-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Nguyen
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
| | - Nicholas J Gotelli
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
| | - Sara Helms Cahan
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Patrushev LI, Kovalenko TF. Functions of noncoding sequences in mammalian genomes. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2015; 79:1442-69. [PMID: 25749159 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297914130021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Most of the mammalian genome consists of nucleotide sequences not coding for proteins. Exons of genes make up only 3% of the human genome, while the significance of most other sequences remains unknown. Recent genome studies with high-throughput methods demonstrate that the so-called noncoding part of the genome may perform important functions. This hypothesis is supported by three groups of experimental data: 1) approximately 10% of the sequences, most of which are located in noncoding parts of the genome, is evolutionarily conserved and thus can be of functional importance; 2) up to 99% of the mammalian genome is being transcribed forming short and long noncoding RNAs in addition to common mRNA; and 3) mutations in noncoding parts of the genome can be accompanied by progression of pathological states of the organism. In the light of these data, in the review we consider the functional role of numerous known sequences of noncoding parts of the genome including introns, DNA methylation regions, enhancers and locus control regions, insulators, S/MAR sequences, pseudogenes, and genes of noncoding RNAs, as well as transposons and simple repeats of centromeric and telomeric regions of chromosomes. The assumption is made that the intergenic noncoding sequences without definite/clear functions can be involved in spatial organization of genetic loci in interphase nuclei.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L I Patrushev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Xue GP, Drenth J, McIntyre CL. TaHsfA6f is a transcriptional activator that regulates a suite of heat stress protection genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) including previously unknown Hsf targets. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:1025-39. [PMID: 25428996 PMCID: PMC4321556 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress is a significant environmental factor adversely affecting crop yield. Crop adaptation to high-temperature environments requires transcriptional reprogramming of a suite of genes involved in heat stress protection. This study investigated the role of TaHsfA6f, a member of the A6 subclass of heat shock transcription factors, in the regulation of heat stress protection genes in Triticum aestivum (bread wheat), a poorly understood phenomenon in this crop species. Expression analysis showed that TaHsfA6f was expressed constitutively in green organs but was markedly up-regulated during heat stress. Overexpression of TaHsfA6f in transgenic wheat using a drought-inducible promoter resulted in up-regulation of heat shock proteins (HSPs) and a number of other heat stress protection genes that included some previously unknown Hsf target genes such as Golgi anti-apoptotic protein (GAAP) and the large isoform of Rubisco activase. Transgenic wheat plants overexpressing TaHsfA6f showed improved thermotolerance. Transactivation assays showed that TaHsfA6f activated the expression of reporter genes driven by the promoters of several HSP genes (TaHSP16.8, TaHSP17, TaHSP17.3, and TaHSP90.1-A1) as well as TaGAAP and TaRof1 (a co-chaperone) under non-stress conditions. DNA binding analysis revealed the presence of high-affinity TaHsfA6f-binding heat shock element-like motifs in the promoters of these six genes. Promoter truncation and mutagenesis analyses identified TaHsfA6f-binding elements that were responsible for transactivation of TaHSP90.1-A1 and TaGAAP by TaHsfA6f. These data suggest that TaHsfA6f is a transcriptional activator that directly regulates TaHSP, TaGAAP, and TaRof1 genes in wheat and its gene regulatory network has a positive impact on thermotolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang-Ping Xue
- CSIRO Plant Industry, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia
| | - Janneke Drenth
- CSIRO Plant Industry, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia
| | - C Lynne McIntyre
- CSIRO Plant Industry, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Li PS, Yu TF, He GH, Chen M, Zhou YB, Chai SC, Xu ZS, Ma YZ. Genome-wide analysis of the Hsf family in soybean and functional identification of GmHsf-34 involvement in drought and heat stresses. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:1009. [PMID: 25416131 PMCID: PMC4253008 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-1009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High temperature affects organism growth and metabolic activity. Heat shock transcription factors (Hsfs) are key regulators in heat shock response in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Under high temperature conditions, Hsfs activate heat shock proteins (Hsps) by combining with heat stress elements (HSEs) in their promoters, leading to defense of heat stress. Since the first plant Hsf gene was identified in tomato, several plant Hsf family genes have been thoroughly characterized. Although soybean (Glycine max), an important oilseed crops, genome sequences have been available, the Hsf family genes in soybean have not been characterized accurately. RESULT We analyzed the Hsf genetic structures and protein function domains using the GSDS, Pfam, SMART, PredictNLS, and NetNES online tools. The genome scanning of dicots (soybean and Arabidopsis) and monocots (rice and maize) revealed that the whole-genome replication occurred twice in soybean evolution. The plant Hsfs were classified into 3 classes and 16 subclasses according to protein structure domains. The A8 and B3 subclasses existed only in dicots and the A9 and C2 occurred only in monocots. Thirty eight soybean Hsfs were systematically identified and grouped into 3 classes and 12 subclasses, and located on 15 soybean chromosomes. The promoter regions of the soybean Hsfs contained cis-elements that likely participate in drought, low temperature, and ABA stress responses. There were large differences among Hsfs based on transcriptional levels under the stress conditions. The transcriptional levels of the A1 and A2 subclass genes were extraordinarily high. In addition, differences in the expression levels occurred for each gene in the different organs and at the different developmental stages. Several genes were chosen to determine their subcellular localizations and functions. The subcellular localization results revealed that GmHsf-04, GmHsf-33, and GmHsf-34 were located in the nucleus. Overexpression of the GmHsf-34 gene improved the tolerances to drought and heat stresses in Arabidopsis plants. CONCLUSIONS This present investigation of the quantity, structural features, expression characteristics, subcellular localizations, and functional roles provides a scientific basis for further research on soybean Hsf functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pan-Song Li
- />College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 China
- />Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Crop Science, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Tai-Fei Yu
- />Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Crop Science, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Guan-Hua He
- />Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Crop Science, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Ming Chen
- />Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Crop Science, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Yong-Bin Zhou
- />Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Crop Science, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Shou-Cheng Chai
- />College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 China
| | - Zhao-Shi Xu
- />Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Crop Science, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - You-Zhi Ma
- />Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Crop Science, Beijing, 100081 China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Qi J, Liu X, Liu J, Yu H, Wang W, Wang Z, Zhang Q. Molecular characterization of heat shock protein 70 (HSP 70) promoter in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), and the association of Pohsp70 SNPs with heat-resistant trait. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 39:503-511. [PMID: 24925759 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Ambient temperature is one of the major abiotic environmental factors determining the main parameters of fish vital activity. HSP70 plays an essential role in heat response. In this investigation, the promoter and structure of Paralichthys olivaceus hsp70 (Pohsp70) gene was cloned and predicted. 2558 bp upstream regulatory region of Pohsp70 was annotated with four potential promoter elements and four putative binding sites of transcription factors heat shock elements (HSE, nGAAn) in the upstream of the transcription start site. In addition, one intron with 454 bp in the 5'-noncoding region was found. Quantitative Real Time PCR analysis indicated that the transcript level of Pohsp70 was raised markedly after 1 h by heat shocked. Furthermore, 25 SNPs were identified in Pohsp70 by resequencing, seven of which was associated with heat resistance. In addition, two of the seven SNPs, namely SNP14 and SNP16, were observed in strong linkage disequilibrium. The haplotype with association analysis showed TAGGAG haplotype was more represented in heat susceptible group while (DEL/T) GAATA haplotype was more frequent in heat resistant group. The heat resistant SNPs and haplotype could be candidate markers potentially serving for selective breeding programs of Japanese flounder aimed at improving anti-stress and production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xudong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jinxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Wenji Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Quanqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Song X, Liu G, Duan W, Liu T, Huang Z, Ren J, Li Y, Hou X. Genome-wide identification, classification and expression analysis of the heat shock transcription factor family in Chinese cabbage. Mol Genet Genomics 2014; 289:541-51. [PMID: 24609322 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-014-0833-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The Hsf gene family, one of the most important transcription factor families, plays crucial roles in regulating heat resistance. However, a systematic and comprehensive analysis of this gene family has not been reported in Chinese cabbage. Therefore, systematic analysis of the Hsf gene family in Chinese cabbage has profound significance. In this study, 35 BrHsf genes were identified from Chinese cabbage, which could be classified into three groups according to their structural characteristics and phylogenetic comparisons with Arabidopsis and rice. Thirty-three BrHsf genes mapped on chromosomes were further assigned to three subgenomes and eight ancestral karyotypes. Distribution mapping showed that BrHsf genes were non-randomly localized on chromosomes. Chinese cabbage and Arabidopsis shared 22 orthologous gene pairs. The expansion of BrHsf genes mainly resulted from genome triplication. Comparative analysis showed that the most Hsf genes were in Chinese cabbage among the five species analyzed. Interestingly, the number of Hsf genes of heat-resistant plants (Theobroma cacao and Musa acuminata) was fewer than that in Chinese cabbage. The expression patterns of BrHsf genes were different in six tissues, based on RNA-seq. Quantitative real-time-PCR analysis showed that the expression level of BrHsf genes varied under various abiotic stresses. In conclusion, this comprehensive analysis of BrHsf genes will provide rich resources, aiding the determination of Hsfs functions in plant heat resistance. Furthermore, the comparative genomics analysis deepened our understanding of Hsf genes' evolution accompanied by the polyploidy event of Chinese cabbage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Xue GP, Sadat S, Drenth J, McIntyre CL. The heat shock factor family from Triticum aestivum in response to heat and other major abiotic stresses and their role in regulation of heat shock protein genes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:539-57. [PMID: 24323502 PMCID: PMC3904712 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock factors (Hsfs) play a central regulatory role in acquired thermotolerance. To understand the role of the major molecular players in wheat adaptation to heat stress, the Hsf family was investigated in Triticum aestivum. Bioinformatic and phylogenetic analyses identified 56 TaHsf members, which are classified into A, B, and C classes. Many TaHsfs were constitutively expressed. Subclass A6 members were predominantly expressed in the endosperm under non-stress conditions. Upon heat stress, the transcript levels of A2 and A6 members became the dominant Hsfs, suggesting an important regulatory role during heat stress. Many TaHsfA members as well as B1, C1, and C2 members were also up-regulated during drought and salt stresses. The heat-induced expression profiles of many heat shock protein (Hsp) genes were paralleled by those of A2 and A6 members. Transactivation analysis revealed that in addition to TaHsfA members (A2b and A4e), overexpression of TaHsfC2a activated expression of TaHsp promoter-driven reporter genes under non-stress conditions, while TaHsfB1b and TaHsfC1b did not. Functional heat shock elements (HSEs) interacting with TaHsfA2b were identified in four TaHsp promoters. Promoter mutagenesis analysis demonstrated that an atypical HSE (GAACATTTTGGAA) in the TaHsp17 promoter is functional for heat-inducible expression and transactivation by Hsf proteins. The transactivation of Hsp promoter-driven reporter genes by TaHsfC2a also relied on the presence of HSE. An activation motif in the C-terminal domain of TaHsfC2a was identified by amino residue substitution analysis. These data demonstrate the role of HsfA and HsfC2 in regulation of Hsp genes in wheat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang-Ping Xue
- CSIRO Plant Industry, 306 Carmody Rd, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia
| | - Shahab Sadat
- Department of Plant Breeding, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Janneke Drenth
- CSIRO Plant Industry, 306 Carmody Rd, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Rodriguez-Fernandez M, Grosman B, Yuraszeck TM, Helwig BG, Leon LR, Doyle III FJ. Modeling the intra- and extracellular cytokine signaling pathway under heat stroke in the liver. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73393. [PMID: 24039931 PMCID: PMC3764238 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stroke (HS) is a life-threatening illness induced by prolonged exposure to a hot environment that causes central nervous system abnormalities and severe hyperthermia. Current data suggest that the pathophysiological responses to heat stroke may not only be due to the immediate effects of heat exposure per se but also the result of a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). The observation that pro- (e.g., IL-1) and anti-inflammatory (e.g., IL-10) cytokines are elevated concomitantly during recovery suggests a complex network of interactions involved in the manifestation of heat-induced SIRS. In this study, we measured a set of circulating cytokine/soluble cytokine receptor proteins and liver cytokine and receptor mRNA accumulation in wild-type and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor knockout mice to assess the effect of neutralization of TNF signaling on the SIRS following HS. Using a systems approach, we developed a computational model describing dynamic changes (intra- and extracellular events) in the cytokine signaling pathways in response to HS that was fitted to novel genomic (liver mRNA accumulation) and proteomic (circulating cytokines and receptors) data using global optimization. The model allows integration of relevant biological knowledge and formulation of new hypotheses regarding the molecular mechanisms behind the complex etiology of HS that may serve as future therapeutic targets. Moreover, using our unique modeling framework, we explored cytokine signaling pathways with three in silico experiments (e.g. by simulating different heat insult scenarios and responses in cytokine knockout strains in silico).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rodriguez-Fernandez
- Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, United States of America
| | - Benyamin Grosman
- Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, United States of America
| | - Theresa M. Yuraszeck
- Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, United States of America
| | - Bryan G. Helwig
- Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lisa R. Leon
- Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Francis J. Doyle III
- Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Khurana N, Chauhan H, Khurana P. Wheat chloroplast targeted sHSP26 promoter confers heat and abiotic stress inducible expression in transgenic Arabidopsis Plants. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54418. [PMID: 23349883 PMCID: PMC3548792 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) have been found to play a critical role in physiological stress conditions in protecting proteins from irreversible aggregation. To characterize the hloroplast targeted sHSP26 promoter in detail, deletion analysis of the promoter is carried out and analysed via transgenics in Arabidopsis. In the present study, complete assessment of the importance of CCAAT-box elements along with Heat shock elements (HSEs) in the promoter of sHSP26 was performed. Moreover, the importance of 5' untranslated region (UTR) has also been established in the promoter via Arabidopsis transgenics. An intense GUS expression was observed after heat stress in the transgenics harbouring a full-length promoter, confirming the heat-stress inducibility of the promoter. Transgenic plants without UTR showed reduced GUS expression when compared to transgenic plants with UTR as was confirmed at the RNA and protein levels by qRT-PCR and GUS histochemical assays, thus suggesting the possible involvement of some regulatory elements present in the UTR in heat-stress inducibility of the promoter. Promoter activity was also checked under different abiotic stresses and revealed differential expression in different deletion constructs. Promoter analysis based on histochemical assay, real-time qPCR and fluorimetric analysis revealed that HSEs alone could not transcribe GUS gene significantly in sHSP26 promoter and CCAAT box elements contribute synergistically to the transcription. Our results also provide insight into the importance of 5`UTR of sHsp26 promoter thus emphasizing the probable role of imperfect CCAAT-box element or some novel cis-element with respect to heat stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neetika Khurana
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Harsh Chauhan
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Paramjit Khurana
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Chauhan H, Khurana N, Nijhavan A, Khurana JP, Khurana P. The wheat chloroplastic small heat shock protein (sHSP26) is involved in seed maturation and germination and imparts tolerance to heat stress. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2012; 35:1912-31. [PMID: 22530593 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2012.02525.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear-encoded chloroplast small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) are present in all plant species from algae to angiosperms. Expression analysis shows that the wheat chloroplastic sHSP (HSP26) is highly inducible by heat stress in almost all the vegetative and generative tissues and is also expressed constitutively in certain developmental growth stages. We characterize wheat chloroplastic sHSP 26 through transgenic approach using Arabidopsis and report cloning of the promoter and its characterization. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants were substantially tolerant under continuous high temperature regimen than wild-type plants, as measured by photosystem II (PSII) activity, accumulation of more photosynthetic pigments, higher biomass and seed yield. Transgenic plants produced bold seeds under high temperature, having higher germination potential than the wild-type plants. Further, antisense Arabidopsis plants showed negligible tolerance even for non-lethal heat shock, impaired in basal thermo-tolerance, and accumulated less biomass and seed yield under normal growth conditions. Promoter analysis revealed the presence of several heat and other abiotic stress responsive cis-acting elements along with developmental stage and tissue-specific elements. Analysis of promoter through GUS reporter system in both transgenic rice and Arabidopsis further confirms the role of chloroplastic sHsp26 in heat and other abiotic stresses as well as during seed maturation and germination. Genome-wide expression analysis of overexpression Arabidopsis plants revealed that the transcriptome remained unchanged in the transgenic plants and the tolerance was due to the overexpression of chloroplastic heat shock protein (HSP) only.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Chauhan
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi 110 021, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Biology of the heat shock response and protein chaperones: budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) as a model system. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2012; 76:115-58. [PMID: 22688810 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.05018-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 362] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The eukaryotic heat shock response is an ancient and highly conserved transcriptional program that results in the immediate synthesis of a battery of cytoprotective genes in the presence of thermal and other environmental stresses. Many of these genes encode molecular chaperones, powerful protein remodelers with the capacity to shield, fold, or unfold substrates in a context-dependent manner. The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae continues to be an invaluable model for driving the discovery of regulatory features of this fundamental stress response. In addition, budding yeast has been an outstanding model system to elucidate the cell biology of protein chaperones and their organization into functional networks. In this review, we evaluate our understanding of the multifaceted response to heat shock. In addition, the chaperone complement of the cytosol is compared to those of mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum, organelles with their own unique protein homeostasis milieus. Finally, we examine recent advances in the understanding of the roles of protein chaperones and the heat shock response in pathogenic fungi, which is being accelerated by the wealth of information gained for budding yeast.
Collapse
|
34
|
Mayer FL, Wilson D, Jacobsen ID, Miramón P, Slesiona S, Bohovych IM, Brown AJP, Hube B. Small but crucial: the novel small heat shock protein Hsp21 mediates stress adaptation and virulence in Candida albicans. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38584. [PMID: 22685587 PMCID: PMC3369842 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins (sHsps) have multiple cellular functions. However, the biological function of sHsps in pathogenic microorganisms is largely unknown. In the present study we identified and characterized the novel sHsp Hsp21 of the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans. Using a reverse genetics approach we demonstrate the importance of Hsp21 for resistance of C. albicans to specific stresses, including thermal and oxidative stress. Furthermore, a hsp21Δ/Δ mutant was defective in invasive growth and formed significantly shorter filaments compared to the wild type under various filament-inducing conditions. Although adhesion to and invasion into human-derived endothelial and oral epithelial cells was unaltered, the hsp21Δ/Δ mutant exhibited a strongly reduced capacity to damage both cell lines. Furthermore, Hsp21 was required for resisting killing by human neutrophils. Measurements of intracellular levels of stress protective molecules demonstrated that Hsp21 is involved in both glycerol and glycogen regulation and plays a major role in trehalose homeostasis in response to elevated temperatures. Mutants defective in trehalose and, to a lesser extent, glycerol synthesis phenocopied HSP21 deletion in terms of increased susceptibility to environmental stress, strongly impaired capacity to damage epithelial cells and increased sensitivity to the killing activities of human primary neutrophils. Via systematic analysis of the three main C. albicans stress-responsive kinases (Mkc1, Cek1, Hog1) under a range of stressors, we demonstrate Hsp21-dependent phosphorylation of Cek1 in response to elevated temperatures. Finally, the hsp21Δ/Δ mutant displayed strongly attenuated virulence in two in vivo infection models. Taken together, Hsp21 mediates adaptation to specific stresses via fine-tuning homeostasis of compatible solutes and activation of the Cek1 pathway, and is crucial for multiple stages of C. albicans pathogenicity. Hsp21 therefore represents the first reported example of a small heat shock protein functioning as a virulence factor in a eukaryotic pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- François L. Mayer
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Hans-Knoell-Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Duncan Wilson
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Hans-Knoell-Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Ilse D. Jacobsen
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Hans-Knoell-Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Pedro Miramón
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Hans-Knoell-Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Silvia Slesiona
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Hans-Knoell-Institute, Jena, Germany
- Department of Microbial Biochemistry and Physiology, Hans-Knoell-Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Iryna M. Bohovych
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair J. P. Brown
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Bernhard Hube
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Hans-Knoell-Institute, Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Honda Y, Hattori T, Kirimura K. Visual expression analysis of the responses of the alternative oxidase gene (aox1) to heat shock, oxidative, and osmotic stresses in conidia of citric acid-producing Aspergillus niger. J Biosci Bioeng 2012; 113:338-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2011.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Revised: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
36
|
Abstract
A common need for microbial cells is the ability to respond to potentially toxic environmental insults. Here we review the progress in understanding the response of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to two important environmental stresses: heat shock and oxidative stress. Both of these stresses are fundamental challenges that microbes of all types will experience. The study of these environmental stress responses in S. cerevisiae has illuminated many of the features now viewed as central to our understanding of eukaryotic cell biology. Transcriptional activation plays an important role in driving the multifaceted reaction to elevated temperature and levels of reactive oxygen species. Advances provided by the development of whole genome analyses have led to an appreciation of the global reorganization of gene expression and its integration between different stress regimens. While the precise nature of the signal eliciting the heat shock response remains elusive, recent progress in the understanding of induction of the oxidative stress response is summarized here. Although these stress conditions represent ancient challenges to S. cerevisiae and other microbes, much remains to be learned about the mechanisms dedicated to dealing with these environmental parameters.
Collapse
|
37
|
Li Q, An J, Liu X, Zhang M, Ling Y, Wang C, Zhao J, Yu L. SNIP1: a new activator of HSE signaling pathway. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 362:1-6. [PMID: 22020748 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-1120-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In the last 10 years, more and more attention has been focused on SNIP1 (Smad nuclear interacting protein 1), which functions as a transcriptional coactivator. We report here that through quantitative real-time PCR analysis in 18 different human tissues, SNIP1 was found to be expressed ubiquitously. When overexpressed in HeLa cells, SNIP1-EGFP fused protein exhibited a nuclear localization with a characteristic subnuclear distribution in speckles or formed larger discrete nuclear bodies in some cells. Reporter gene assay showed that overexpression of SNIP1 in HEK 293 cells or H1299 cells strongly activated the HSE signaling pathway. Moreover, SNIP1 could selectively regulate the transcription of HSP70A1A and HSP27. Taken together, our findings suggest that SNIP1 might also be a positive regulator of HSE signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Scharf KD, Berberich T, Ebersberger I, Nover L. The plant heat stress transcription factor (Hsf) family: structure, function and evolution. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2011; 1819:104-19. [PMID: 22033015 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2011.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 529] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Revised: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ten years after the first overview of a complete plant Hsf family was presented for Arabidopsis thaliana by Nover et al. [1], we compiled data for 252 Hsfs from nine plant species (five eudicots and four monocots) with complete or almost complete genome sequences. The new data set provides interesting insights into phylogenetic relationships within the Hsf family in plants and allows the refinement of their classification into distinct groups. Numerous publications over the last decade document the diversification and functional interaction of Hsfs as well as their integration into the complex stress signaling and response networks of plants. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Plant gene regulation in response to abiotic stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus-Dieter Scharf
- Molecular Cellbiology of Plants, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt/M., Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Activation of the heat shock transcription factor Hsf1 is essential for the full virulence of the fungal pathogen Candida albicans. Fungal Genet Biol 2010; 48:297-305. [PMID: 20817114 PMCID: PMC3032048 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2010.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Revised: 08/23/2010] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved heat shock transcription factor Hsf1 plays a central role in thermal adaptation in the major fungal pathogen of humans, Candida albicans. Hsf1 becomes hyperphosphorylated in response to heat shock and activates the transcription of genes with heat shock elements (HSEs) in their promoters, these genes contributing to thermal adaptation. However, the relevance of Hsf1 activation to C. albicans virulence is not clear as this pathogen is thought to be obligately associated with warm blooded animals, and this issue has not been tested because HSF1 is essential for viability in C. albicans. In this study, we demonstrate that the HSE regulon is active in C. albicans cells infecting the kidney. We also show the CE2 region of Hsf1 is required for activation and that the phosphorylation of specific residues in this domain contributes to Hsf1 activation. C. albicans HSF1 mutants that lack this CE2 region are viable. However, they are unable to activate HSE-containing genes in response to heat shock, and they are thermosensitive. Using this HSF1 CE2 deletion mutant we demonstrate that Hsf1 activation, and hence thermal adaptation, contributes significantly to the virulence of C. albicans.
Collapse
|
40
|
Tian S, Haney RA, Feder ME. Phylogeny disambiguates the evolution of heat-shock cis-regulatory elements in Drosophila. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10669. [PMID: 20498853 PMCID: PMC2871787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2010] [Accepted: 04/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat-shock genes have a well-studied control mechanism for their expression that is mediated through cis-regulatory motifs known as heat-shock elements (HSEs). The evolution of important features of this control mechanism has not been investigated in detail, however. Here we exploit the genome sequencing of multiple Drosophila species, combined with a wealth of available information on the structure and function of HSEs in D. melanogaster, to undertake this investigation. We find that in single-copy heat shock genes, entire HSEs have evolved or disappeared 14 times, and the phylogenetic approach bounds the timing and direction of these evolutionary events in relation to speciation. In contrast, in the multi-copy gene Hsp70, the number of HSEs is nearly constant across species. HSEs evolve in size, position, and sequence within heat-shock promoters. In turn, functional significance of certain features is implicated by preservation despite this evolutionary change; these features include tail-to-tail arrangements of HSEs, gapped HSEs, and the presence or absence of entire HSEs. The variation among Drosophila species indicates that the cis-regulatory encoding of responsiveness to heat and other stresses is diverse. The broad dimensions of variation uncovered are particularly important as they suggest a substantial challenge for functional studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sibo Tian
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Robert A. Haney
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Martin E. Feder
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Nicholls S, Leach MD, Priest CL, Brown AJP. Role of the heat shock transcription factor, Hsf1, in a major fungal pathogen that is obligately associated with warm-blooded animals. Mol Microbiol 2009; 74:844-61. [PMID: 19818013 PMCID: PMC3675641 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2009.06883.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
All organisms have evolved mechanisms that protect them against environmental stress. The major fungal pathogen of humans, Candida albicans, has evolved robust stress responses that protect it against human immune defences and promote its pathogenicity. However, C. albicans is unlikely to be exposed to heat shock as it is obligatorily associated with warm-blooded animals. Therefore, we examined the role of the heat shock transcription factor (Hsf1) in this pathogen. We show that C. albicans expresses an evolutionarily conserved Hsf1 (orf19.4775) that is phosphorylated in response to heat shock, induces transcription via the heat shock element (HSE), contributes to the global transcriptional response to heat shock, and is essential for viability. Why has Hsf1 been conserved in this obligate animal saprophyte? We reasoned that Hsf1 might contribute to medically relevant stress responses. However, this is not the case, as an Hsf1-specific HSE-lacZ reporter is not activated by oxidative, osmotic, weak acid or pH stress. Rather, Hsf1 is required for the expression of essential chaperones in the absence of heat shock (e.g. Hsp104, Hsp90, Hsp70). Furthermore, Hsf1 regulates the expression of HSE-containing genes in response to growth temperature in C. albicans. Therefore, the main role of Hsf1 in this pathogen might be the homeostatic modulation of chaperone levels in response to growth temperature, rather than the activation of acute responses to sudden thermal transitions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan Nicholls
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Deletion analysis of the promoter of Aspergillus oryzae gene encoding heat shock protein 30. J Biosci Bioeng 2009; 107:345-51. [PMID: 19332290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2008.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2008] [Accepted: 11/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In order to find a promoter that could be influenced by temperature shift, we explored and isolated an Aspergillus oryzae gene expressed at high temperatures (37-42 degrees C) by the cDNA subtraction method. Of the 96 cDNA clones isolated from the subtraction library, one cDNA clone showed 73% identity with Aspergillus nidulans heat shock protein 30 (hsp30). Based on this, we designated the isolated gene hsp30 of A. oryzae. A. oryzae hsp30 was weakly expressed at 30 degrees C, but strongly at 40 degrees C. We showed that the promoter of this hsp30 induced heterologous gene expression at high temperatures using beta-glucuronidase (GUS) gene as a reporter. Regarding elucidation of the region essential for heat shock response, we showed that the minimum length of the promoter region that was essential for heat shock response was located between -388 and -272 (+1 indicated the first position of the translation initiation codon) of the hsp30 promoter. This promoter region harbors several putative transcription factor binding sites, including heat shock elements (HSEs), a CCAAT box, and a TATA box. Furthermore, site-directed mutagenesis of this promoter revealed that HSE1 (aTTCgtcGAAacgcccaGAAa) and HSE2 (cGAAagTTCtcGACg), located between -342 and -272 of the hsp30 promoter, were its cis-acting elements for heat shock response.
Collapse
|
43
|
Du ZX, Zhang HY, Meng X, Gao YY, Zou RL, Liu BQ, Guan Y, Wang HQ. Proteasome inhibitor MG132 induces BAG3 expression through activation of heat shock factor 1. J Cell Physiol 2009; 218:631-7. [PMID: 19006120 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BAG3 protein, a member of the BAG co-chaperones family, sustains cell survival in a variety of normal and neoplastic cell types, via its interaction with a variety of partners, such as the heat shock protein (HSP) 70, Bcl-2, Raf-1 and others. Expression of BAG3 is induced by some stressful stimuli, such as heat shock, heavy metal exposure. We have reported that proteasome inhibitors can also induce BAG3 expression at the transcriptional level and the induction of BAG3 compromises proteasome inhibitors-mediated apoptosis. However, the molecular mechanism of BAG3 upregulation has not been elucidated. In the current study, we provide evidence that heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) is involved in BAG3 induction by proteasome inhibitor MG132. Using a series of varying lengths of 5'-flanking region of the BAG3 gene into luciferase reporter vectors, we found that MG132 stimulated the promoter activity via the -326/-233 and -825/-689 regions, which contains one putative heat shock-responsive element (HSE) for HSF1-binding, respectively. Site-directed deletion of the sites abrogated the enhanced reporter activity in response to MG132 treatment. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that HSF1 directly bound to the MG132-responsive site on the BAG3 promoter. Activation of HSF1 occurred with MG132 along with BAG3 upregulation. Furthermore, knockdown HSF1 by small interfering RNA attenuated the BAG3 upregulation due to MG132.These results indicate that the proteasome inhibitor MG132 induces BAG3 expression through HSF1 activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Xian Du
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Fujimoto M, Oshima K, Shinkawa T, Wang BB, Inouye S, Hayashida N, Takii R, Nakai A. Analysis of HSF4 binding regions reveals its necessity for gene regulation during development and heat shock response in mouse lenses. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:29961-70. [PMID: 18755693 PMCID: PMC2662063 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m804629200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2008] [Revised: 08/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock transcription factors (HSFs) regulate gene expression in response to heat shock and in physiological conditions. In mammals, HSF1 is required for heat-mediated induction of classic heat shock genes; however, we do not know the molecular mechanisms by which HSF4 regulates gene expression or the biological consequences of its binding to chromatin. Here, we identified that HSF4 binds to various genomic regions, including the introns and distal parts of protein-coding genes in vivo in mouse lenses, and a substantial numbers of the regions were also occupied by HSF1 and HSF2. HSF4 regulated expression of some genes at a developmental stage when HSF1 and HSF2 expression decreased. Although HSF4 binding did not affect expression of many genes, it induces demethylated status of histone H3K9 on the binding regions. Unexpectedly, a lot of HSF4 targets were induced by heat shock treatment, and HSF4 is required for induction of a set of non-classic heat shock genes in response to heat shock, in part by facilitating HSF1 binding through chromatin modification. These results suggest novel mechanisms of gene regulation controlled by HSF4 in non-classic heat shock response and in lens development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuaki Fujimoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Minami-Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube 755-8505, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Guo L, Chen S, Liu K, Liu Y, Ni L, Zhang K, Zhang L. Isolation of heat shock factor HsfA1a-binding sites in vivo revealed variations of heat shock elements in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2008; 49:1306-1315. [PMID: 18641404 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcn105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The information about DNA-binding sites of regulatory protein is important to understanding the regulatory network of DNA-protein interactions in the genome. In this report we integrated chromatin immunoprecipitation with DNA cloning to isolate genomic sites bound in vivo by heat shock factor HsfA1a in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plantlets were subjected to formaldehyde crosslinking, followed by immunoprecipitation of chromatin. The immunoprecipitated DNA was amplified by PCR and cloned. From a library enriched in putative HsfA1a-binding sites, 21 different genomic fragments were identified (65-332 bp). Six fragments contained known HsfA1a-binding motif (perfect heat shock element). Six fragments contained novel HsfA1a-binding motifs: (1) gap-type, (2) TTC-rich-type, (3) stress responsive element (STRE). Representatives of each were verified by in vitro electrophoretic mobility shift assay. About 81% of the isolated fragments contained the HsfA1a-binding motifs, and/or could be bound by HsfA1a, demonstrating that the method is efficient in the isolation of genomic binding sites of a regulatory protein. The nearest downstream genes to the HsfA1a-binding fragments, which were considered as potential HsfA1a target genes, include a set of classical heat shock protein genes: Hsp17.4, Hsp18.2, Hsp21, Hsp81-1, Hsp101, and several novel genes encoding a non-race specific disease resistance protein and a transmembrane CLPTM1 family protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Guo
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Trott A, West JD, Klaić L, Westerheide SD, Silverman RB, Morimoto RI, Morano KA. Activation of heat shock and antioxidant responses by the natural product celastrol: transcriptional signatures of a thiol-targeted molecule. Mol Biol Cell 2008; 19:1104-12. [PMID: 18199679 PMCID: PMC2262981 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e07-10-1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2007] [Revised: 12/26/2007] [Accepted: 01/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress response pathways allow cells to sense and respond to environmental changes and adverse pathophysiological states. Pharmacological modulation of cellular stress pathways has implications in the treatment of human diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. The quinone methide triterpene celastrol, derived from a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, has numerous pharmacological properties, and it is a potent activator of the mammalian heat shock transcription factor HSF1. However, its mode of action and spectrum of cellular targets are poorly understood. We show here that celastrol activates Hsf1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae at a similar effective concentration seen in mammalian cells. Transcriptional profiling revealed that celastrol treatment induces a battery of oxidant defense genes in addition to heat shock genes. Celastrol activated the yeast Yap1 oxidant defense transcription factor via the carboxy-terminal redox center that responds to electrophilic compounds. Antioxidant response genes were likewise induced in mammalian cells, demonstrating that the activation of two major cell stress pathways by celastrol is conserved. We report that celastrol's biological effects, including inhibition of glucocorticoid receptor activity, can be blocked by the addition of excess free thiol, suggesting a chemical mechanism for biological activity based on modification of key reactive thiols by this natural product.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Trott
- *Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, TX 77030
| | - James D. West
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Cell Biology, Rice Institute for Biomedical Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208; and
| | - Lada Klaić
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Cell Biology, and Center for Drug Discovery and Chemical Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Sandy D. Westerheide
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Cell Biology, Rice Institute for Biomedical Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208; and
| | - Richard B. Silverman
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Cell Biology, and Center for Drug Discovery and Chemical Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Richard I. Morimoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Cell Biology, Rice Institute for Biomedical Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208; and
| | - Kevin A. Morano
- *Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, TX 77030
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Hey P, Robson G, Birch M, Bromley M. Characterisation of Aft1 a Fot1/Pogo type transposon of Aspergillus fumigatus. Fungal Genet Biol 2008; 45:117-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2007.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2007] [Revised: 09/13/2007] [Accepted: 10/16/2007] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
48
|
Different requirements of the SWI/SNF complex for robust nucleosome displacement at promoters of heat shock factor and Msn2- and Msn4-regulated heat shock genes. Mol Cell Biol 2007; 28:1207-17. [PMID: 18070923 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01069-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The stress response in yeast cells is regulated by at least two classes of transcription activators-HSF and Msn2/4, which differentially affect promoter chromatin remodeling. We demonstrate that the deletion of SNF2, an ATPase activity-containing subunit of the chromatin remodeling SWI/SNF complex, eliminates histone displacement, RNA polymerase II recruitment, and heat shock factor (HSF) binding at the HSP12 promoter while delaying these processes at the HSP82 and SSA4 promoters. Out of the three promoters, the double deletion of MSN2 and MSN4 eliminates both chromatin remodeling and HSF binding only at the HSP12 promoter, suggesting that Msn2/4 activators are primary determinants of chromatin disassembly at the HSP12 promoter. Unexpectedly, during heat shock the level of Msn2/4 at the HSP12 promoter declines. This is likely a result of promoter-targeted Msn2/4 degradation associated with transcription complex assembly. While histone displacement kinetic profiles bear clear promoter specificity, the kinetic profiles of recovery from heat shock for all analyzed genes display an equal or even higher nucleosome return rate, which is to some extent delayed by the deletion of SNF2.
Collapse
|
49
|
Combination of two regulatory elements in the Tetrahymena thermophila HSP70-1 gene controls heat shock activation. EUKARYOTIC CELL 2007; 7:379-86. [PMID: 18055912 DOI: 10.1128/ec.00221-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The induction of heat shock genes (HSPs) is thought to be primarily regulated by heat shock transcription factors (HSFs), which bind target sequences on HSP promoters, called heat shock elements (HSEs). In this study, we investigated the 5' untranslated regions of the Tetrahymena thermophila HSP70-1 gene, and we found, in addition to the canonical and divergent HSEs, multiple sets of GATA elements that have not been reported previously in protozoa. By means of in vivo analysis of a green fluorescent protein reporter transgene driven by the HSP70-1 promoter, we demonstrate that HSEs do not represent the minimal regulatory elements for heat shock induction, since the HSP70-1 is tightly regulated by both HSE and GATA elements. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay also showed that HSFs are constitutively bound to the HSEs, whereas GATA elements are engaged only after heat shock. This is the first demonstration by in vivo analysis of functional HSE and GATA elements in protozoa. Furthermore, we provide evidence of a functional link between HSE and GATA elements in the activation of the heat shock response.
Collapse
|
50
|
Anckar J, Sistonen L. Heat Shock Factor 1 as a Coordinator of Stress and Developmental Pathways. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2007; 594:78-88. [PMID: 17205677 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-39975-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The transition from normal growth conditions to stressful conditions is accompanied by a robust upregulation of heat shock proteins, which dampen the cytotoxicity caused by misfolded and denatured proteins. The most prominent part of this transition occurs on the transcriptional level. In mammals, protein-damaging stress leads to the activation of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), which binds to upstream regulatory sequences in the promoters of heat shock genes. The activation of HSF1 proceeds through a multi-step pathway, involving a monomer-to-trimer transition, nuclear accumulation and extensive posttranslational modifications. In addition to its established role as the main regulator of heat shock genes, new data link HSF 1 to developmental pathways. In this chapter, we examine the established stress-related functions and prospect the intriguing role of HSF 1 as a developmental coordinator.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julius Anckar
- Department of Biology, Abo Akademi University, P.O. Box 123 FI-20521 Turku, Finland
| | | |
Collapse
|