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De Hayr L, Blok LER, Dias KR, Long J, Begemann A, Moir RD, Willis IM, Mocera M, Siegel G, Steindl K, Evans CA, Zhu Y, Zhang F, Field M, Ma A, Adès L, Josephi-Taylor S, Pfundt R, Zaki MS, Tomoum H, Gregor A, Laube J, Reis A, Maddirevula S, Hashem MO, Zweier M, Alkuraya FS, Maroofian R, Buckley MF, Gleeson JG, Zweier C, Coll-Tané M, Koolen DA, Rauch A, Roscioli T, Schenck A, Harvey RJ. Biallelic variants in GTF3C3 result in an autosomal recessive disorder with intellectual disability. Genet Med 2025; 27:101253. [PMID: 39636576 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2024.101253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 12/07/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study details a novel syndromic form of autosomal recessive intellectual disability resulting from recessive variants in GTF3C3, encoding a key component of the DNA-binding transcription factor IIIC, which has a conserved role in RNA polymerase III-mediated transcription. METHODS Exome sequencing, minigene analysis, molecular modeling, RNA polymerase III reporter gene assays, and Drosophila knockdown models were utilized to characterize GTF3C3 variants. RESULTS Twelve affected individuals from 7 unrelated families were identified with homozygous or compound heterozygous missense variants in GTF3C3 including c.503C>T p.(Ala168Val), c.1268T>C p.(Leu423Pro), c.1436A>G p.(Tyr479Cys), c.2419C>T p.(Arg807Cys), and c.2420G>A p.(Arg807His). The cohort presented with intellectual disability, variable nonfamilial facial features, motor impairments, seizures, and cerebellar/corpus callosum malformations. Consistent with disruptions in intra- and intermolecular interactions observed in molecular modeling, RNA polymerase III reporter assays confirmed that the majority of missense variants resulted in a loss of function. Minigene analysis of the recurrent c.503C>T p.(Ala168Val) variant confirmed the introduction of a cryptic donor site into exon 4, resulting in mRNA missplicing. Consistent with the clinical features of this cohort, neuronal loss of Gtf3c3 in Drosophila induced seizure-like behavior, motor impairment, and learning deficits. CONCLUSION These findings confirm that GTF3C3 variants result in an autosomal recessive form of syndromic intellectual disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lachlan De Hayr
- School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD, Australia; National PTSD Research Centre, Thompson Institute, Birtinya, QLD, Australia
| | - Laura E R Blok
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kerith-Rae Dias
- Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Sydney, NSW, Australia; Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jingyi Long
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anaïs Begemann
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zürich, Schlieren-Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Robyn D Moir
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Ian M Willis
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Martina Mocera
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zürich, Schlieren-Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gabriele Siegel
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zürich, Schlieren-Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Steindl
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zürich, Schlieren-Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Carey-Anne Evans
- Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Sydney, NSW, Australia; New South Wales Health Pathology Randwick Genomics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ying Zhu
- New South Wales Health Pathology Randwick Genomics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Futao Zhang
- New South Wales Health Pathology Randwick Genomics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael Field
- Genetics of Learning Disability Service, John Hunter Hospital, Waratah, NSW, Australia
| | - Alan Ma
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Children's Hospital Westmead, Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Specialty of Genomic Medicine, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lesley Adès
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Children's Hospital Westmead, Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Specialty of Genomic Medicine, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sarah Josephi-Taylor
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Children's Hospital Westmead, Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Specialty of Genomic Medicine, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rolph Pfundt
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maha S Zaki
- National Research Centre, Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hoda Tomoum
- Ain Shams University, Department of Pediatrics, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Anne Gregor
- Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Department of Human Genetics, Bern, Switzerland; Institute of Human Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julia Laube
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zürich, Schlieren-Zürich, Switzerland
| | - André Reis
- Institute of Human Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sateesh Maddirevula
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mais O Hashem
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Markus Zweier
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zürich, Schlieren-Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Department of Pediatrics, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reza Maroofian
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael F Buckley
- New South Wales Health Pathology Randwick Genomics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Joseph G Gleeson
- University of California, Department of Neurosciences, San Diego, CA; Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA
| | - Christiane Zweier
- Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Department of Human Genetics, Bern, Switzerland; Institute of Human Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mireia Coll-Tané
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - David A Koolen
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anita Rauch
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zürich, Schlieren-Zürich, Switzerland; ITINERARE - University of Zürich Research Priority Program, Zürich, Switzerland; University of Zürich and ETH Zürich, Neuroscience Center Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tony Roscioli
- Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Sydney, NSW, Australia; Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; New South Wales Health Pathology Randwick Genomics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Annette Schenck
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert J Harvey
- School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD, Australia; National PTSD Research Centre, Thompson Institute, Birtinya, QLD, Australia.
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