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Zagal-Salinas AA, Ispanixtlahuatl-Meráz O, Olguín-Hernández JE, Rodríguez-Sosa M, García Cuéllar CM, Sánchez-Pérez Y, Chirino YI. Food grade titanium dioxide (E171) interferes with monocyte-macrophage cell differentiation and their phagocytic capacity. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 192:114912. [PMID: 39121895 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Food grade titanium dioxide E171 has been used in products such as confectionery, doughs and flours to enhance organoleptic properties. The European Union has warned about adverse effects on humans due to oral consumption. After oral exposure, E171 reaches the bloodstream which raises the concern about effects on blood cells such as monocytes. One of the main functions of these cells is the differentiation of macrophages leading to the phagocytosis of foreign particles. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of E171 exposure on the phagocytic capacity and differentiation process of monocytes (THP-1) into macrophages. Physicochemical E171 properties were evaluated, and THP-1 monocytes were exposed to 4, 40 and 200 μg/ml. Cell viability, uptake capacity, cytokine release, the differentiation process, cytoskeletal arrangement and E171 internalization were assayed. Results showed that E171 particles had an amorphous shape with a mean of hydrodynamic size of ∼46 nm in cell culture media. Cell viability decreased until the 9th day of exposure, while the uptake capacity decreased up to 62% in a concentration dependent manner in monocytes. Additionally, the E171 exposure increased the proinflammatory cytokines release and decreased the cell differentiation by a 61% in macrophages. E171 induced changes in cytoskeletal arrangement and some of the E171 particles were located inside the nuclei. We conclude that E171 exposure in THP-1 monocytes induced an inflammatory response, impaired the phagocytic capacity, and interfered with cell differentiation from monocytes to macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro A Zagal-Salinas
- Laboratorio de Carcinogénesis y Toxicología, Unidad de Investigación en Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla de Baz, CP 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Octavio Ispanixtlahuatl-Meráz
- Laboratorio de Carcinogénesis y Toxicología, Unidad de Investigación en Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla de Baz, CP 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Jonadab E Olguín-Hernández
- Laboratorio Nacional en Salud Diagnóstico Molecular y Efecto Ambiental en Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla de Baz, CP 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Miriam Rodríguez-Sosa
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad Innata, Unidad de Investigación en Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla de Baz, CP 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Claudia M García Cuéllar
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, CP 14080, Mexico
| | - Yesennia Sánchez-Pérez
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, CP 14080, Mexico
| | - Yolanda I Chirino
- Laboratorio de Carcinogénesis y Toxicología, Unidad de Investigación en Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla de Baz, CP 54090, Estado de México, Mexico.
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2
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Corrêa Costa-Beber L, Kazmirczak Moraes R, Marques Obelar Ramos J, Meira Martins LA, Toquetto AL, Fursel Pacheco J, Resende Farias H, Gioda A, Antunes de Oliveira V, de Oliveira J, Costa Rodrigues Guma FT. Aqueous PM 2.5 promotes lipid accumulation, classical macrophage polarisation and heat shock response. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 363:142987. [PMID: 39094706 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is an air pollutant that enhances susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases. Macrophages are the first immune cells to encounter the inhaled particles and orchestrate an inflammatory response. Given their role in atherosclerosis development, we investigated whether aqueous PM2.5 could elicit atherogenic effects by polarising macrophages to a pro-oxidative and pro-inflammatory phenotype and enhancing foam cell formation. The RAW264.7 macrophage cell line was exposed to PM2.5 for 48 h, with PBS as the control. Aqueous PM2.5 induced apoptosis and reduced cell proliferation. In surviving cells, we observed morphological, phagocytic, oxidative, and inflammatory features (i.e. enhanced iNOS, Integrin-1β, IL-6 expression), indicative of classical macrophage activation. We also detected an increase in total and surface HSP70 levels, suggesting macrophage activation. Further, exposure of high-cholesterol diet-fed mice to PM2.5 resulted in aortic wall enlargement, indicating vascular lesions. Macrophages exposed to PM2.5 and non-modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL) showed exacerbated lipid accumulation. Given the non-oxidised LDL used and the evidence linking inflammation to disrupted cholesterol negative feedback, we hypothesise that PM2.5-induced inflammation in macrophages enhances their susceptibility to transforming into foam cells. Finally, our results indicate that exposure to aqueous PM2.5 promotes classical macrophage activation, marked by increased HSP70 expression and that it potentially contributes to atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lílian Corrêa Costa-Beber
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, 90035-003, Annex, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Rafael Kazmirczak Moraes
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, 90035-003, Annex, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Marques Obelar Ramos
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, 90035-003, Annex, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Leo Anderson Meira Martins
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, 90035-003, Annex, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ana Laura Toquetto
- Universidade Regional do Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (UNIJUÍ), Research Group in Physiology, Postgraduate Program in Integral Health Care, Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | - Júlia Fursel Pacheco
- Universidade Regional do Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (UNIJUÍ), Research Group in Physiology, Postgraduate Program in Integral Health Care, Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | - Hémelin Resende Farias
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, 90035-003, Annex, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Adriana Gioda
- Department of Chemistry, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Departamento de Química, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vitor Antunes de Oliveira
- Universidade Regional do Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (UNIJUÍ), Research Group in Physiology, Postgraduate Program in Integral Health Care, Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | - Jade de Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, 90035-003, Annex, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fátima Theresinha Costa Rodrigues Guma
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, 90035-003, Annex, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Vieira T, Afonso AF, Correia C, Henriques C, Borges JP, Silva JC. Electrospun poly(lactic acid) membranes with defined pore size to enhance cell infiltration. Heliyon 2024; 10:e36091. [PMID: 39224377 PMCID: PMC11367500 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Electrospun membranes are compact structures with small pore sizes that hinder cell infiltration, resulting in membranes with cells attached only to the external surface rather than throughout the entire volume. Thus, there is a need to increase the pore size of electrospun membranes maintaining their structural similarity to the extracellular matrix. In this work, we used glucose crystals embedded in polyethylene oxide (PEO) fibers to create large pores in poly(lactic acid) (PLA) electrospun membranes to allow for cellular infiltration. The PEO fibers containing glucose crystals of different sizes (>50, 50-100 and 100-150 μm) and in varying concentrations (10, 15 and 20 %) were co-electrospun with PLA fibers and subsequently leached out using distilled water. PLA fibrous membranes without glucose crystals were also produced as controls. The membranes were examined for their morphology, mechanical properties, and potential to support the proliferation of fibroblasts. In addition, the immune response to the membranes was evaluated using monocyte-derived macrophages. The glucose crystals were uniformly distributed in the PLA membranes and their removal created open pores without collapsing the structure. Although a reduced Young's modulus was observed for membranes produced using higher glucose crystal concentrations and larger crystal sizes, the structural integrity remained intact, and the values are still suitable for tissue engineering. In vitro results showed that the scaffolds supported the adhesion and proliferation of fibroblasts and the pores created in the PLAmembranes were large enough for fibroblasts infiltration and colonization of the entire scaffold without inducing an inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Vieira
- Centro de Investigação de Materiais, Institute for Nanostructures, Nanomodelling and Nanofabrication, CENIMAT-I3N, Portugal
- Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana Filipa Afonso
- Centro de Investigação de Materiais, Institute for Nanostructures, Nanomodelling and Nanofabrication, CENIMAT-I3N, Portugal
- Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Catarina Correia
- Centro de Investigação de Materiais, Institute for Nanostructures, Nanomodelling and Nanofabrication, CENIMAT-I3N, Portugal
- Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Célia Henriques
- Centro de Investigação de Materiais, Institute for Nanostructures, Nanomodelling and Nanofabrication, CENIMAT-I3N, Portugal
- Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Borges
- Centro de Investigação de Materiais, Institute for Nanostructures, Nanomodelling and Nanofabrication, CENIMAT-I3N, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciência dos Materiais, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Jorge Carvalho Silva
- Centro de Investigação de Materiais, Institute for Nanostructures, Nanomodelling and Nanofabrication, CENIMAT-I3N, Portugal
- Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
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Daca A, Piechowicz L, Wiśniewska K, Bryl E, Witkowski JM, Jarzembowski T. Both biofilm cytotoxicity and monocytes' adhesion may be used as estimators of enterococcal virulence. Lett Appl Microbiol 2024; 77:ovae047. [PMID: 38755018 DOI: 10.1093/lambio/ovae047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Our study aimed to identify markers of enterococci's virulence potential by evaluating the properties of strains of different sites of isolation. Enterococcal strains were isolated as commensals from faeces and as invasive strains from the urine and blood of patients from the University Clinical Centre, Gdańsk, Poland. Changes in monocytes' susceptibility to the cytotoxic activity of isolates of different origins and their adherence to biofilm were evaluated using a flow cytometer. The bacterial protein profile was estimated by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometer. The cytotoxicity of biofilm and monocytes' adherence to it were the most accurate factors in predicting the prevalence of the strain in the specific niche. Additionally, a bacterial protein with mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) 5000 was found to be responsible for the increased bacterial cytotoxicity, while monocytes' decreased adherence to biofilm was linked with the presence of proteins either with m/z 3330 or 2435. The results illustrate that monocytes' reaction when exposed to the bacterial biofilm can be used as an estimator of pathogens' virulence potential. The observed differences in monocytes' response are explainable by the bacterial proteins' profile. Additionally, the results indicate that the features of both bacteria and monocytes impact the outcome of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Daca
- Department of Physiopathology, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 7, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
- Division of Pathology and Experimental Rheumatology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Lidia Piechowicz
- Department of Microbiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębowa 25, 80-204 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Wiśniewska
- Department of Microbiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębowa 25, 80-204 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ewa Bryl
- Department of Physiopathology, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 7, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
- Division of Pathology and Experimental Rheumatology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jacek M Witkowski
- Department of Physiopathology, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 7, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Anatomy, Division of Embryology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Jarzembowski
- Department of Microbiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębowa 25, 80-204 Gdansk, Poland
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Wang C, Yang R, Yang F, Han Y, Ren Y, Xiong X, Wang X, Bi Y, Li L, Qiu Y, Xu Y, Zhou X. Echovirus 11 infection induces pyroptotic cell death by facilitating NLRP3 inflammasome activation. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010787. [PMID: 36026486 PMCID: PMC9455886 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Echovirus 11 (ECHO 11) is a positive-strand RNA virus belonging to the genus Enterovirus of the family Picornaviridae. ECHO 11 infections can cause severe inflammatory illnesses in neonates, including severe acute hepatitis with coagulopathy. The activation of NLRP3 inflammasome is important for host defense against invading viruses, which also contributes to viral pathogenicity. However, whether and how ECHO 11 induces NLRP3 inflammasome activation remains unclear. In this study, we isolated a clinical strain of ECHO 11 from stools of an ECHO 11-infected newborn patient with necrotizing hepatitis. This virus shared 99.95% sequence identity with the previously published ECHO 11 sequence. The clinically isolated ECHO 11 can efficiently infect liver cells and strongly induces inflammation. Moreover, we showed that ECHO 11 induced IL-1β secretion and pyroptosis in cells and mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). Furthermore, ECHO 11 infection triggered NLRP3 inflammasome activation, as evidenced by cleavages of GSDMD, pro-IL-1β and pro-caspase-1, and the release of LDH. ECHO 11 2B protein was required for NLRP3 inflammasome activation via interacting with NLRP3 to facilitate the inflammasome complex assembly. In vivo, expression of ECHO 11 2B also activated NLRP3 inflammasome in the murine liver. Besides, 2Bs of multiple EVs can also interact with NLRP3 and induce NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Together, our findings demonstrate a mechanism by which ECHO 11 induces inflammatory responses by activating NLRP3 inflammasome, providing novel insights into the pathogenesis of ECHO 11 infection. NLRP3 inflammasome is important for host defense against invading viruses, and contributes to viral pathogenicity. Human echovirus 11 (ECHO 11) belongs to the Enterovirus genus from the family Picornavirida, and it can cause severe acute hepatitis in newborns with high morbidity and mortality. However, the knowledge about the pathogenesis of ECHO 11 infection is limited. Whether and how ECHO 11 induces NLRP3 inflammasome activation remains unclear. This work provides the first demonstration that ECHO 11 can induce inflammatory responses via activating NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis. More importantly, ECHO 11-encoded 2B protein was found to activate NLRP3 inflammasome in cells and in vivo, and the interaction between 2B and NLRP3 was required for inflammasome complex assembly. Furthermore, we uncovered that 2Bs of other enteroviruses, including enterovirus 71, coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) and CVB3 could induce NLRP3 inflammasome and interact with NLRP3. Our findings uncover a mechanism by which ECHO 11 induces inflammatory responses and demonstrate a novel function of ECHO 11 2B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ruyi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fengxia Yang
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang Han
- Joint Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Health, Wuhan Institute of Virology & Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yujie Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaobei Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xingyun Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yidan Bi
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lijun Li
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- * E-mail: (YQ); (YX); (XZ)
| | - Yi Xu
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail: (YQ); (YX); (XZ)
| | - Xi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- * E-mail: (YQ); (YX); (XZ)
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6
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Bien T, Koerfer K, Schwenzfeier J, Dreisewerd K, Soltwisch J. Mass spectrometry imaging to explore molecular heterogeneity in cell culture. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2114365119. [PMID: 35858333 PMCID: PMC9303856 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2114365119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular analysis on the single-cell level represents a rapidly growing field in the life sciences. While bulk analysis from a pool of cells provides a general molecular profile, it is blind to heterogeneities between individual cells. This heterogeneity, however, is an inherent property of every cell population. Its analysis is fundamental to understanding the development, function, and role of specific cells of the same genotype that display different phenotypical properties. Single-cell mass spectrometry (MS) aims to provide broad molecular information for a significantly large number of cells to help decipher cellular heterogeneity using statistical analysis. Here, we present a sensitive approach to single-cell MS based on high-resolution MALDI-2-MS imaging in combination with MALDI-compatible staining and use of optical microscopy. Our approach allowed analyzing large amounts of unperturbed cells directly from the growth chamber. Confident coregistration of both modalities enabled a reliable compilation of single-cell mass spectra and a straightforward inclusion of optical as well as mass spectrometric features in the interpretation of data. The resulting multimodal datasets permit the use of various statistical methods like machine learning-driven classification and multivariate analysis based on molecular profile and establish a direct connection of MS data with microscopy information of individual cells. Displaying data in the form of histograms for individual signal intensities helps to investigate heterogeneous expression of specific lipids within the cell culture and to identify subpopulations intuitively. Ultimately, t-MALDI-2-MSI measurements at 2-µm pixel sizes deliver a glimpse of intracellular lipid distributions and reveal molecular profiles for subcellular domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Bien
- Institute of Hygiene, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Krischan Koerfer
- Institute for Psychology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jan Schwenzfeier
- Institute of Hygiene, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Klaus Dreisewerd
- Institute of Hygiene, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jens Soltwisch
- Institute of Hygiene, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
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7
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MicroRNA-22 represses glioma development via activation of macrophage-mediated innate and adaptive immune responses. Oncogene 2022; 41:2444-2457. [PMID: 35279703 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02236-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage-mediated tumor cell phagocytosis and subsequent neoantigen presentation are critical for generating anti-tumor immunity. This study aimed to uncover the potential clinical value and molecular mechanisms of miRNA-22 (miR-22) in tumor cell phagocytosis via macrophages and more efficient T cell priming. We found that miR-22 expression was markedly downregulated in primary macrophages from glioma tissue samples compared to adjacent tissues. miR-22-overexpressing macrophages inhibited glioma cell proliferation and migration, respectively. miR-22 upregulation stimulated the phagocytic ability of macrophages, enhanced tumor cell phagocytosis, antigen presentation, and efficient T cell priming. Additionally, our data revealed that miR-22-overexpressing macrophages inhibited glioma formation in vivo, HDAC6 was a target, and NF-κB signaling was a pathway closely associated with miR-22 in tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) of glioma. Our findings revealed the essential roles of miR-22 in tumor cell phagocytosis by macrophages and more efficient T cell priming, facilitating further research on phagocytic regulation to enhance the response to tumor immunotherapy.
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8
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Yu C, Zhao W, Duan C, Xie J, Yin W. Poly-l-lysine-caused cell adhesion induces pyroptosis in THP-1 monocytes. Open Life Sci 2022; 17:279-283. [PMID: 35415237 PMCID: PMC8951213 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a kind of cell necrosis mediated by inflammasomes. The caspase 1-induced cleavage of gasdermin D (GSDMD) is a canonical pathway to cause membrane pores and eventually cell pyroptosis. Poly-l-lysine (PLL) is widely used to enhance cell adhesion during experiments. Human THP-1 cells are a typical cell line used to study pyroptosis due to their monocytic and macrophage-like characteristics. However, it was found that THP-1 cells seeded on the PLL-coated slides died. To figure out the reason, we observed the morphology of THP-1 cells on PLL-coated slides, which showed obvious pore forming on the cell membranes and cell swelling. The indicated pyroptosis-related protein expression was evaluated and it showed that the conventional caspase-1 pathway of pyroptosis was activated through the NLRP3 inflammasome in THP-1 monocytes on the PLL-coated slides. Hence, PLL-guided cell adhesion induces cell pyroptosis in THP-1 monocytes, which calls for THP-1 dominant studies of pyroptosis to avoid the use of PLL-coated slides or PLL-related drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoping Yu
- Department of Emergency, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , 127 West Changle Road , Xi’an , Shaanxi 710032 , China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Emergency, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , 127 West Changle Road , Xi’an , Shaanxi 710032 , China
| | - Chujun Duan
- Department of Emergency, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , 127 West Changle Road , Xi’an , Shaanxi 710032 , China
| | - Jiangang Xie
- Department of Emergency, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , 127 West Changle Road , Xi’an , Shaanxi 710032 , China
| | - Wen Yin
- Department of Emergency, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , 127 West Changle Road , Xi’an , Shaanxi 710032 , China
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9
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Golovynska I, Stepanov YV, Golovynskyi S, Zhou T, Stepanova LI, Garmanchuk LV, Ohulchanskyy TY, Qu J. Macrophages Modulated by Red/NIR Light: Phagocytosis, Cytokines, Mitochondrial Activity, Ca 2+ Influx, Membrane Depolarization and Viability. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 98:484-497. [PMID: 34569637 DOI: 10.1111/php.13526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Low-level light therapy (LLLT) is emerging as a promising therapeutic approach to modulate the biochemical and molecular processes within living cells. LLLT is known to produce local and systemic effects; therefore, immune cells in local tissues or in the circulation are affected by light. However, this specific effect remains weakly explored. In this study, the effect of red (650 nm) and NIR (808 nm) light on phagocytosis (respiratory burst), cytokine expression, mitochondrial activity, ROS generation, Ca2+ influx and membrane depolarization in macrophages in vitro is investigated. Both the phagocytic capacity and adhesion of macrophages strongly (˜2.5 times) increased in the first hours after exposure to light in a dose-dependent manner. The light-evoked upregulation of phagocytosis is found to be less efficient than the maximal pharmacologically induced enhancement of ˜3.2 times. Also, red/NIR light reduces the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and activates the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines by several times in activated macrophages. At the same time, the viability shows a biphasic dose response: it increases after irradiation with lower doses (0.3-1 J cm-2 ) and decreases after treatment with higher doses (18-30 J cm-2 ), which is apparently associated with the upregulation of ROS generation, followed by an increase in the mitochondrial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuliia Golovynska
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yurii V Stepanov
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sergii Golovynskyi
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liudmyla I Stepanova
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Liudmyla V Garmanchuk
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Tymish Y Ohulchanskyy
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junle Qu
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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10
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Kumar S, Singh SK, Rana B, Rana A. The regulatory function of mixed lineage kinase 3 in tumor and host immunity. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 219:107704. [PMID: 33045253 PMCID: PMC7887016 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinases are the second most sought-after G-protein coupled receptors as drug targets because of their overexpression, mutations, and dysregulated catalytic activities in various pathological conditions. Till 2019, 48 protein kinase inhibitors have received FDA approval for the treatment of multiple illnesses, of which the majority of them are indicated for different malignancies. One of the attractive sub-group of protein kinases that has attracted attention for drug development is the family members of MAPKs that are recognized to play significant roles in different cancers. Several inhibitors have been developed against various MAPK members; however, none of them as monotherapy has shown sustainable efficacy. One of the MAPK members, called Mixed Lineage Kinase 3 (MLK3), has attracted considerable attention due to its role in inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases; however, its role in cancer is an emerging area that needs more investigation. Recent advances have shown that MLK3 plays a role in cancer cell survival, migration, drug resistance, cell death, and tumor immunity. This review describes how MLK3 regulates different MAPK pathways, cancer cell growth and survival, apoptosis, and host's immunity. We also discuss how MLK3 inhibitors can potentially be used along with immunotherapy for different malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Sunil Kumar Singh
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Basabi Rana
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA; University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Ajay Rana
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA; University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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11
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Li X, Yang K, Gao S, Zhao J, Liu G, Chen Y, Lin H, Zhao W, Hu Z, Xu N. Carnosine Stimulates Macrophage-Mediated Clearance of Senescent Skin Cells Through Activation of the AKT2 Signaling Pathway by CD36 and RAGE. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:593832. [PMID: 33390976 PMCID: PMC7772392 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.593832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Macrophages can selectively recognize and eliminate senescent cells, but this function is impaired with age, resulting in excessive accumulation of senescent cells in the skin, which ultimately causes skin aging. Therefore, enhancing the immune surveillance ability of macrophages to clear senescent keratinocytes and fibroblasts from aging skin may be an effective skin rejuvenation strategy. Methods: In this study, a macrophage and senescent skin cell co-culture model was established whereby THP-1-derived macrophages and tert-butyl hydroxide-induced senescent skin cells (HaCaT and HFF-1) were grown in the same culture. Senescent skin cells were detected by the SPiDER-βgal assay, and the expression of secretory phenotype factors related to senescence was assayed by qPCR. The effect of carnosine on the number of SA-β-gal positive skin cells in the macrophage-senescent skin cell co-culture was evaluated and compared with that in the senescent skin cell monoculture. Results: Carnosine promoted macrophage-mediated elimination of senescent skin cells in the co-culture. Through the AKT2 signaling pathway, carnosine upregulated the expression of CD36 and receptors for advanced glycation end products and elevated the phagocytic capacity of the macrophages, thereby promoting the ability of the macrophages to eliminate the senescent skin cells. Conclusions: Carnosine could boost the immune surveillance ability of macrophages to clear senescent keratinocytes and fibroblasts in the macrophage-senescent skin cell co-culture by activating the AKT2 signaling pathway, suggesting the possibility of using carnosine as an agent to reverse skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuenan Li
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kaiye Yang
- Infinitus (China) Company Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jungang Zhao
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | | | - Yu Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haojie Lin
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wengang Zhao
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhenlin Hu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Nuo Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
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12
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Wang Z, Vilekar P, Huang J, Weaver DF. Furosemide as a Probe Molecule for the Treatment of Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:4152-4168. [PMID: 33225679 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The accumulation and deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ) is one postulated cause of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In addition to its direct toxicity on neurons, Aβ may induce neuroinflammation through the concomitant activation of microglia. Emerging evidence suggests that microglia-mediated neuroinflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AD. As brain macrophages, microglia engulf misfolded-Aβ by phagocytosis. However, the accumulated toxic Aβ may paradoxically "hyper-activate" microglia into a neurotoxic proinflammatory and less phagocytotic phenotype, contributing to neuronal death. This study reports that the known drug furosemide is a potential probe molecule for reducing AD-neuroinflammation. Our data demonstrate that furosemide inhibits the secretion of proinflammatory TNF-α, IL-6, and nitric oxide; downregulates the mRNA level of Cd86 and the protein expression of COX-2, iNOS; promotes phagocytic activity; and enhances the expression of anti-inflammatory IL-1RA and arginase. Our mechanism of action studies further demonstrate that furosemide reduces LPS-induced upregulation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress marker genes, including Grp78, Atf4, Chop, tXbp1, and sXbp1. These data support the observation that furosemide is a known drug with the capacity to downregulate the proinflammatory microglial M1 phenotype and upregulate the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, a potentially powerful and beneficial pharmacologic effect for inflammatory diseases such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Wang
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Prachi Vilekar
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Junbo Huang
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Donald F. Weaver
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada
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13
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Padberg F, Hering H, Luch A, Zellmer S. Indirect co-cultivation of HepG2 with differentiated THP-1 cells induces AHR signalling and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 68:104957. [PMID: 32739440 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
HepG2 and THP-1 cells, the latter differentiated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), were co-cultured and characterized for typical liver-specific functions, such as xenobiotic detoxification, lipid and cholesterol metabolism. Furthermore, liver injury-associated pathways, such as inflammation, were studied. In general, the co-cultivation of these cells produced a pro-inflammatory system, as indicated by increased levels of cytokines (IL-8, TGF-α, IL-6, GM-CSF, G-CSF, TGF-β, and hFGF) in the respective supernatant. Increased expression levels of target genes of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), e.g., CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP1B1, were detected, accompanied by the increased enzyme activity of CYP1A1. Moreover, transcriptome analyses indicated a significant upregulation of cholesterol biosynthesis, which could be reduced to baseline levels by lovastatin. In contrast, total de novo lipid synthesis was reduced in co-cultured HepG2 cells. Key events of the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) for fibrosis were activated by the co-cultivation, however, no increase in the concentration of extracellular collagen was detected. This indicates, that AOP should be used with care. In summary, the indirect co-culture of HepG2/THP-1 cells results in an increased release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, an activation of the AHR pathway and an increased enzymatic CYP1A activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Padberg
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Henrik Hering
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Zellmer
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
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14
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Pritchard A, Tousif S, Wang Y, Hough K, Khan S, Strenkowski J, Chacko BK, Darley-Usmar VM, Deshane JS. Lung Tumor Cell-Derived Exosomes Promote M2 Macrophage Polarization. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051303. [PMID: 32456301 PMCID: PMC7290460 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular cross-talk within the tumor microenvironment (TME) by exosomes is known to promote tumor progression. Tumor promoting macrophages with an M2 phenotype are suppressors of anti-tumor immunity. However, the impact of tumor-derived exosomes in modulating macrophage polarization in the lung TME is largely unknown. Herein, we investigated if lung tumor-derived exosomes alter transcriptional and bioenergetic signatures of M0 macrophages and polarize them to an M2 phenotype. The concentration of exosomes produced by p53 null H358 lung tumor cells was significantly reduced compared to A549 (p53 wild-type) lung tumor cells, consistent with p53-mediated regulation of exosome production. In co-culture studies, M0 macrophages internalized tumor-derived exosomes, and differentiated into M2 phenotype. Importantly, we demonstrate that tumor-derived exosomes enhance the oxygen consumption rate of macrophages, altering their bioenergetic state consistent with that of M2 macrophages. In vitro co-cultures of M0 macrophages with H358 exosomes demonstrated that exosome-induced M2 polarization may be p53 independent. Murine bone marrow cells and bone marrow-derived myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) co-cultured with lewis lung carcinoma (LLC)-derived exosomes differentiated to M2 macrophages. Collectively, these studies provide evidence for a novel role for lung tumor-exosomes in M2 macrophage polarization, which then offers new therapeutic targets for immunotherapy of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Pritchard
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL 35294, USA; (A.P.); (S.T.); (Y.W.); (K.H.); (S.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Sultan Tousif
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL 35294, USA; (A.P.); (S.T.); (Y.W.); (K.H.); (S.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL 35294, USA; (A.P.); (S.T.); (Y.W.); (K.H.); (S.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Kenneth Hough
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL 35294, USA; (A.P.); (S.T.); (Y.W.); (K.H.); (S.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Saad Khan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL 35294, USA; (A.P.); (S.T.); (Y.W.); (K.H.); (S.K.); (J.S.)
| | - John Strenkowski
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL 35294, USA; (A.P.); (S.T.); (Y.W.); (K.H.); (S.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Balu K. Chacko
- Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL 35294, USA; (B.K.C.); (V.M.D.-U.)
| | - Victor M. Darley-Usmar
- Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL 35294, USA; (B.K.C.); (V.M.D.-U.)
| | - Jessy S. Deshane
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL 35294, USA; (A.P.); (S.T.); (Y.W.); (K.H.); (S.K.); (J.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-205-996-2041
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15
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Sánchez-Fernández EM, García-Moreno MI, Arroba AI, Aguilar-Diosdado M, Padrón JM, García-Hernández R, Gamarro F, Fustero S, Sánchez-Aparicio JE, Masgrau L, García Fernández JM, Ortiz Mellet C. Synthesis of polyfluoroalkyl sp 2-iminosugar glycolipids and evaluation of their immunomodulatory properties towards anti-tumor, anti-leishmanial and anti-inflammatory therapies. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 182:111604. [PMID: 31425910 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Immunomodulatory glycolipids, among which α-galactosylceramide (KRN7000) is an iconic example, have shown strong therapeutic potential in a variety of conditions ranging from cancer and infection to autoimmune or neurodegenerative diseases. A main difficulty for those channels is that they often provoke a cytokine storm comprising both pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators that antagonize each other and negatively affect the immune response. The synthesis of analogues with narrower cytokine secretion-inducing capabilities is hampered by the intrinsic difficulty at controlling the stereochemical outcome in glycosidation reactions, particularly if targeting the α-anomer, which seriously hampers drug optimization strategies. Here we show that replacing the monosaccharide glycone by a sp2-iminosugar glycomimetic moiety allows accessing N-linked sp2-iminosugar glycolipids (sp2-IGLs) with total α-stereocontrol in a single step with no need of protecting groups or glycosidation promotors. The lipid tail has been then readily tailored by incorporating polyfluoroalkyl segments of varied lengths in view of favouring binding to the lipid binding site of the master p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), thereby polarizing the immune response in a cell-context dependent manner. The compounds have been evaluated for their antiproliferative, anti-leishmanial and anti-inflammatory activities in different cell assays. The size of the fluorous segment was found to be critical for the biological activity, probably by regulating the aggregation and membrane-crossing properties, whereas the hydroxylation profile (gluco or galacto-like) was less relevant. Biochemical and computational data further support a mechanism of action implying binding to the allosteric lipid binding site of p38 MAPK and subsequent activation of the noncanonical autophosphorylation route. The ensemble of results provide a proof of concept of the potential of sp2-IGLs as immunoregulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena M Sánchez-Fernández
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, C/ Profesor García González 1, 41012, Seville, Spain.
| | - Ma Isabel García-Moreno
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, C/ Profesor García González 1, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Ana I Arroba
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Av/ Ana de Viya 21, 11009, Cádiz, Spain; Research Unit, Jerez University Hospital, Carretera Circunvalación s/n, 11407, Jerez de la Frontera, Spain.
| | - Manuel Aguilar-Diosdado
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Av/ Ana de Viya 21, 11009, Cádiz, Spain; Research Unit, Jerez University Hospital, Carretera Circunvalación s/n, 11407, Jerez de la Frontera, Spain
| | - José M Padrón
- BioLab, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica "Antonio González" (IUBO AG), Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias (CIBICAN), Universidad de la Laguna, PO BOX 456, 38200, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Raquel García-Hernández
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López Neyra", IPBLN-CSIC, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Gamarro
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López Neyra", IPBLN-CSIC, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Santos Fustero
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad de Valencia, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | | | - Laura Masgrau
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - José Manuel García Fernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC - Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Américo Vespucio 49, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carmen Ortiz Mellet
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, C/ Profesor García González 1, 41012, Seville, Spain.
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16
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Negash AA, Olson RM, Griffin S, Gale M. Modulation of calcium signaling pathway by hepatitis C virus core protein stimulates NLRP3 inflammasome activation. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007593. [PMID: 30811485 PMCID: PMC6392285 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains a major cause of hepatic inflammation and liver disease. HCV triggers NLRP3 inflammasome activation and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) production from hepatic macrophages, or Kupffer cells, to drive the hepatic inflammatory response. Here we examined HCV activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling cascade in primary human monocyte derived macrophages and THP-1 cell models of hepatic macrophages to define the HCV-specific agonist and cellular processes of inflammasome activation. We identified the HCV core protein as a virion-specific factor of inflammasome activation. The core protein was both necessary and sufficient for IL-1β production from macrophages exposed to HCV or soluble core protein alone. NLRP3 inflammasome activation by the HCV core protein required calcium mobilization linked with phospholipase-C activation. Our findings reveal a molecular basis of hepatic inflammasome activation and IL-1β release triggered by HCV core protein. This study deciphers the molecular mechanism of Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-induced hepatic inflammation. HCV triggers NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β release from hepatic macrophages, thus driving liver inflammation. Using biochemical, virological, and genetic approaches we identified the HCV core protein as the specific viral stimulus that triggers intracellular calcium signaling linked with phospholipase-C activation to drive NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β release in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina A. Negash
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Rebecca M. Olson
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Stephen Griffin
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, St James’ University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Gale
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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