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Tamagawa H, Mulembo T, Delalande B. The need for reconsideration of a mechanism of membrane potential generation using Ling's adsorption theory. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL : EBJ 2021; 50:793-803. [PMID: 33885916 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-021-01526-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Membrane theory attributes the mechanism of generation of membrane potential to transmembrane ion transport, and is typified by the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation (GHK eq.). Despite broad acceptance of the GHK eq. in physiology, it seems unable to explain some characteristics of the membrane potential. The long-underrated Ling's adsorption theory (LA theory) is another mechanism for membrane potential generation. The LA theory attributes the generation mechanism of the membrane potential to an ion adsorption-desorption process. Although the LA theory has not been seriously considered up until today, there are no serious defects in it as a membrane potential generation mechanism. In this work, the authors explain problematic facets of membrane theory from the view of the GHK eq. We propose an alternative concept based on the LA theory that addresses problematic issues with membrane theory. Consequently, an ion adsorption-desorption process could be a genuine mechanism of membrane potential generation as predicted by the LA theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirohisa Tamagawa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Titus Mulembo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
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2
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Microcapillary Reactors via Coaxial Electrospinning: Fabrication of Small Poly(Acrylic Acid) Gel Beads and Thin Threads of Biological Cell Dimensions. Gels 2021; 7:gels7020037. [PMID: 33808087 PMCID: PMC8103247 DOI: 10.3390/gels7020037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) bulk gels and threads, typically derived via free-radical polymerization, are of interest as anionic polyelectrolyte mimics of cellular cytosol and as models for early protocells. The thread dimensions have been limited by the diameters of readily-available glass or plastic capillaries, and threads with diameters of less than 50 µm have been difficult to achieve. Here, we report a useful approach for achieving crosslinked, partially neutralized PAA, namely poly(acrylate), gel threads with diameters of a few microns when dry. This technique utilizes coaxial electrospinning to effectively produce capillaries (shells) of polystyrene loaded with a gel-forming precursor mixture composed of 3 M acrylic acid, methylene-bisacrylamide, potassium persulfate and 2.2 M NaOH in the core, followed by thermally-induced polymerization and then the removal of the polystyrene shell. Relatively long (up to 5 mm), continuous PAA threads with thicknesses of 5–15 µm are readily obtained, along with a multitude of PAA gel particles, which result from the occasional break-up of the fluid core prior to gel formation during the electrospinning process. The threads and beads are of the sizes of interest to model ancient protocells, certain functional aspects of excitable cells, such as myocytes and neurons, and various membraneless organelles.
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Kowacz M, Pollack GH. Cells in New Light: Ion Concentration, Voltage, and Pressure Gradients across a Hydrogel Membrane. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:21024-21031. [PMID: 32875239 PMCID: PMC7450609 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The ionic compositions of the intra- and extracellular environments are distinct from one another, with K+ being the main cation in the cytosol and Na+ being the most abundant cation outside of the cell. Specific ions can permeate into and out of the cell at different rates, bringing about uneven distribution of charges and development of negative electric potential inside the cell. Each healthy cell must maintain a specific ion concentration gradient and voltage. To account for these functions, various ionic pumps and channels located within the cell membrane have been invoked. In this work, we use a porous alginate hydrogel as a model gelatinous network representing the plant cell wall or cytoskeleton of the animal cell. We show that the gel barrier is able to maintain a stable separation of ionic solutions of different ionic strengths and chemical compositions without any pumping activity. For the Na+/K+ concentration gradient sustained across the barrier, a negative electric potential develops within the K+-rich side. The situation is reminiscent of that in the cell. Furthermore, also the advective flow of water molecules across the gel barrier is restricted, despite the gel's large pores and the osmotic or hydrostatic pressure gradients across it. This feature has important implications for osmoregulation. We propose a mechanism in which charge separation and electric fields developing across the permselective (gel) membrane prevent ion and bulk fluid flows ordinarily driven by chemical and pressure gradients.
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Bhat A, Amanor-Boadu JM, Guiseppi-Elie A. Toward Impedimetric Measurement of Acidosis with a pH-Responsive Hydrogel Sensor. ACS Sens 2020; 5:500-509. [PMID: 31948224 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b02336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A pH-responsive, poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) [poly(HEMA)]-based hydrogel has been fashioned into an impedimetric pH sensor for the continual measurement and monitoring of tissue acidosis that can arise due to hemorrhaging trauma. Four hydrogel systems molecularly engineered to influence water distribution and ionic abundance were studied: a cationogenic primary amine, N-(2-aminoethyl) methacrylate (AEMA), a tertiary amine moiety, N,N-(2-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA), and a combined AEMA-DMAEMA formulation. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) of hydrogel discs held between platinized Type 304 stainless steel mesh electrodes in pH-adjusted 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (HEPES) buffer and equivalent circuit modeling indicated that the AEMA hydrogel had the highest sensitivity containing the relevant pathophysiological range (pH 7.0-8.0). Thus, the AEMA formulation was studied at 0, 1, 3, 4.4, and 30 mol % AEMA. The 1 mol % AEMA was found to significantly (p < 0.05) discern nominal pH (7.35, 7.40, 7.45). The Taguchi Design of Experiments approach was employed and confirmed composition as a factor and 1 mol % AEMA to be the most robust. DMAEMA (0, 4.4, 14, 30 mol %) and AEMA-DMAEMA (0, 4.4, 14, 30 mol %) allowed the use of the one-factor Response Surface Methodology optimizer to confirm the AEMA 1 mol % system to be most robust, sensitive, and possessing optimal sensitivity in the pathophysiological pH sensing range (7.35-7.45) for hemorrhagic trauma. This composition was fashioned as a responsive membrane on a microlithographically fabricated interdigitated microsensor electrode and the sensitivity was determined using R(QR)(QR) analysis. Water distribution within the AEMA (0, 1, 4.4, 30 mol %), determined by gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry, revealed a strong anticorrelation between nonfreezable bound water and pH sensitivity (-0.82) and was in good agreement with the total hydration (-0.70). Nonfreezable bound water was found to be the most strongly correlated factor that governs the pH response of hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Bhat
- Center for Bioelectronics, Biosensors and Biochips (C3B), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Judy M. Amanor-Boadu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Anthony Guiseppi-Elie
- Center for Bioelectronics, Biosensors and Biochips (C3B), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Institute for Academic Medicine and Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- ABTECH Scientific, Inc., Biotechnology Research Park, 800 East Leigh Street, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
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Bhat A, Smith B, Dinu CZ, Guiseppi-Elie A. Molecular engineering of poly(HEMA-co-PEGMA)-based hydrogels: Role of minor AEMA and DMAEMA inclusion. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 98:89-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.12.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Blyakhman FA, Makarova EB, Fadeyev FA, Lugovets DV, Safronov AP, Shabadrov PA, Shklyar TF, Melnikov GY, Orue I, Kurlyandskaya GV. The Contribution of Magnetic Nanoparticles to Ferrogel Biophysical Properties. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9020232. [PMID: 30744036 PMCID: PMC6410145 DOI: 10.3390/nano9020232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Iron oxide γ-Fe2O3 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were fabricated by laser target evaporation technique (LTE) and their structure and magnetic properties were studied. Polyacrylamide (PAAm) gels with different cross-linking density of the polymer network and polyacrylamide-based ferrogel with embedded LTE MNPs (0.34 wt.%) were synthesized. Their adhesive and proliferative potential with respect to human dermal fibroblasts were studied. At the same value of Young modulus, the adhesive and proliferative activities of the human dermal fibroblasts on the surface of ferrogel were unexpectedly much higher in comparison with the surface of PAAm gel. Properties of PAAm-100 + γ-Fe2O3 MNPs composites were discussed with focus on creation of a new generation of drug delivery systems combined in multifunctional devices, including magnetic field assisted delivery, positioning, and biosensing. Although exact applications are still under development, the obtained results show a high potential of LTE MNPs to be applied for cellular technologies and tissue engineering. PAAm-100 ferrogel with very low concentration of γ-Fe2O3 MNPs results in significant improvement of the cells’ compatibility to the gel-based scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix A Blyakhman
- Ural State Medical University, 620028 Ekaterinburg, Russia.
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia.
| | - Emilia B Makarova
- Ural State Medical University, 620028 Ekaterinburg, Russia.
- Ural Scientific Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, 620014 Ekaterinburg, Russia.
| | - Fedor A Fadeyev
- Ural State Medical University, 620028 Ekaterinburg, Russia.
- Center of Specialized Types of Medical Care Institute of Medical Cell Technologies, 620026 Ekaterinburg, Russia.
| | - Daiana V Lugovets
- Center of Specialized Types of Medical Care Institute of Medical Cell Technologies, 620026 Ekaterinburg, Russia.
| | - Alexander P Safronov
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia.
- Institute of Electrophysics, Ural Division RAS, 620016 Yekaterinburg, Russia.
| | - Pavel A Shabadrov
- Ural State Medical University, 620028 Ekaterinburg, Russia.
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia.
| | - Tatyana F Shklyar
- Ural State Medical University, 620028 Ekaterinburg, Russia.
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia.
| | - Grigory Yu Melnikov
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia.
| | - Iñaki Orue
- Advanced Research Facilities (SGIKER), Universidad del País Vasco UPV-EHU, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Galina V Kurlyandskaya
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia.
- Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Departamento de Electricidad y Electrónica and BCMaterials, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
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BLYAKHMAN FA, SAFRONOV AP, MAKEYEV OG, MELEKHIN VV, SHKLYAR TF, ZUBAREV AY, MAKAROVA EB, SICHKAR DA, RUSINOVA MA, SOKOLOV SY, KURLYANDSKAYA GV. EFFECT OF THE POLYACRYLAMIDE FERROGEL ELASTICITY ON THE CELL ADHESIVENESS TO MAGNETIC COMPOSITE. J MECH MED BIOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219519418500604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Biocompatible polyacrylamide gels are widely required for the development of mechanically “soft” magnetic material for the purposes of different biomedical applications. In this work, ferrogels were synthesized by radical polymerization of acrylamide in a stable aqueous suspension of magnetic maghemite [Formula: see text]-Fe[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text] nanoparticles (MNPs) with the median value in diameter of 11.4[Formula: see text]nm fabricated by laser target evaporation. Gel network density was set to 1:100, the concentrations of embedded MNPs were fixed at 0.00%, 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75% or 1.0% by weight. Ferrogels’ Young’s modulus and affinity to the human dermal fibroblasts adhesiveness were tested. To estimate the cells adhesive activity to gels, the adhesion index was calculated as the number of adhered cells divided by the number of cells sown and multiplied by 100%. The gradual increase of MNPs concentration in the gel network resulted in the significant increase of ferrogel’s Young’s modulus and cells adhesion activity. In particular, at the MNPs concentration of 0.25%, the modulus and the adhesion index were equal to [Formula: see text]30[Formula: see text]kPa and [Formula: see text]90%, correspondingly. The adhesion index at highest MNPs concentration of 1.0% was close to 100% and modulus to [Formula: see text]40[Formula: see text]kPa. The increase of cells adhesiveness rise with MNPs concentration closely correlated with the direct impact of MNPs on the gel stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. A. BLYAKHMAN
- Ural State Medical University, Yekaterinburg 620028, Russia
- Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia
| | - A. P. SAFRONOV
- Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia
- Institute of Electrophysics, Ural Division, RAS, Yekaterinburg 620016, Russia
| | - O. G. MAKEYEV
- Ural State Medical University, Yekaterinburg 620028, Russia
| | - V. V. MELEKHIN
- Ural State Medical University, Yekaterinburg 620028, Russia
| | - T. F. SHKLYAR
- Ural State Medical University, Yekaterinburg 620028, Russia
- Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia
| | - A. Y. ZUBAREV
- Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia
- M.N. Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics of the Ural Branch of the Russian, Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg 620108, Russia
| | - E. B. MAKAROVA
- Ural State Medical University, Yekaterinburg 620028, Russia
- Ural Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Yekaterinburg 620000, Russia
| | - D. A. SICHKAR
- Ural State Medical University, Yekaterinburg 620028, Russia
| | - M. A. RUSINOVA
- Ural State Medical University, Yekaterinburg 620028, Russia
- Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia
| | - S. Y. SOKOLOV
- Ural State Medical University, Yekaterinburg 620028, Russia
- Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia
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8
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Dobreikina A, Shklyar T, Safronov A, Blyakhman F. Biomimetic gels with chemical and physical interpenetrating networks. POLYM INT 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Dobreikina
- Institute of Natural Science and Mathematics; Ural Federal University; Yekaterinburg Russia
- Department of Biomedical Physics and Engineering; Ural State Medical University; Yekaterinburg Russia
| | - Tatyana Shklyar
- Institute of Natural Science and Mathematics; Ural Federal University; Yekaterinburg Russia
- Department of Biomedical Physics and Engineering; Ural State Medical University; Yekaterinburg Russia
| | - Alexander Safronov
- Institute of Natural Science and Mathematics; Ural Federal University; Yekaterinburg Russia
| | - Felix Blyakhman
- Institute of Natural Science and Mathematics; Ural Federal University; Yekaterinburg Russia
- Department of Biomedical Physics and Engineering; Ural State Medical University; Yekaterinburg Russia
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9
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Blyakhman FA, Buznikov NA, Sklyar TF, Safronov AP, Golubeva EV, Svalov AV, Sokolov SY, Melnikov GY, Orue I, Kurlyandskaya GV. Mechanical, Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Ferrogels with Embedded Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Obtained by Laser Target Evaporation: Focus on Multifunctional Biosensor Applications. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18030872. [PMID: 29543746 PMCID: PMC5877372 DOI: 10.3390/s18030872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels are biomimetic materials widely used in the area of biomedical engineering and biosensing. Ferrogels (FG) are magnetic composites capable of functioning as magnetic field sensitive transformers and field assisted drug deliverers. FG can be prepared by incorporating magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) into chemically crosslinked hydrogels. The properties of biomimetic ferrogels for multifunctional biosensor applications can be set up by synthesis. The properties of these biomimetic ferrogels can be thoroughly controlled in a physical experiment environment which is much less demanding than biotests. Two series of ferrogels (soft and dense) based on polyacrylamide (PAAm) with different chemical network densities were synthesized by free-radical polymerization in aqueous solution with N,N’-methylene-diacrylamide as a cross-linker and maghemite Fe2O3 MNPs fabricated by laser target evaporation as a filler. Their mechanical, electrical and magnetic properties were comparatively analyzed. We developed a giant magnetoimpedance (MI) sensor prototype with multilayered FeNi-based sensitive elements deposited onto glass or polymer substrates adapted for FG studies. The MI measurements in the initial state and in the presence of FG with different concentrations of MNPs at a frequency range of 1–300 MHz allowed a precise characterization of the stray fields of the MNPs present in the FG. We proposed an electrodynamic model to describe the MI in multilayered film with a FG layer based on the solution of linearized Maxwell equations for the electromagnetic fields coupled with the Landau-Lifshitz equation for the magnetization dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix A Blyakhman
- Ural State Medical University, Yekaterinburg 620028, Russia.
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia.
| | - Nikita A Buznikov
- Scientific and Research Institute of Natural Gases and Gas Technologies-Gazprom VNIIGAZ, Razvilka Leninsky District, Moscow Region 142717, Russia.
| | - Tatyana F Sklyar
- Ural State Medical University, Yekaterinburg 620028, Russia.
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia.
| | - Alexander P Safronov
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia.
- Institute of Electrophysics, Ural Division RAS, Yekaterinburg 620016, Russia.
| | - Elizaveta V Golubeva
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia.
| | - Andrey V Svalov
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia.
| | - Sergey Yu Sokolov
- Ural State Medical University, Yekaterinburg 620028, Russia.
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia.
| | - Grigory Yu Melnikov
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia.
| | - Iñaki Orue
- Advanced Research Facilities (SGIKER), Universidad del País Vasco UPV-EHU, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Galina V Kurlyandskaya
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia.
- Departamento de Electricidad y Electrónica and BCMaterials, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
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10
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Why Hydrogels Don't Dribble Water. Gels 2017; 3:gels3040043. [PMID: 30920538 PMCID: PMC6318654 DOI: 10.3390/gels3040043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels contain ample amounts of water, with the water-to-solid ratio sometimes reaching tens of thousands of times. How can so much water remain securely lodged within the gel? New findings imply a simple mechanism. Next to hydrophilic surfaces, water transitions into an extensive gel-like phase in which molecules become ordered. This “fourth phase” of water sticks securely to the solid gel matrix, ensuring that the water does not leak out.
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11
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Wnek GE. Perspective: Do macromolecules play a role in the mechanisms of nerve stimulation and nervous transmission? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gary E. Wnek
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering; Case Western Reserve University; Cleveland Ohio 44106
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12
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Meng L, Klinkajon W, K-hasuwan PR, Harkin S, Supaphol P, Wnek GE. Electrospun crosslinked poly(acrylic acid) fiber constructs: towards a synthetic model of the cortical layer of nerve. POLYM INT 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linghui Meng
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering; Case Western Reserve University; Cleveland OH 44106 USA
| | - Wimonwan Klinkajon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Master of Engineering and Management Program; Case Western Reserve University; Cleveland OH 44106 USA
| | - Prae-ravee K-hasuwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Master of Engineering and Management Program; Case Western Reserve University; Cleveland OH 44106 USA
| | - Shannon Harkin
- Petroleum and Petrochemical College and Center for Petroleum, Petrochemicals, and Advanced Materials; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Pitt Supaphol
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Master of Engineering and Management Program; Case Western Reserve University; Cleveland OH 44106 USA
| | - Gary E Wnek
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering; Case Western Reserve University; Cleveland OH 44106 USA
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Shklyar TF, Dinislamova OA, Safronov AP, Blyakhman FA. Effect of cytoskeletal elastic properties on the mechanoelectrical transduction in excitable cells. J Biomech 2012; 45:1444-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2012.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Revised: 01/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Comparison of Human Articular Cartilage and Polyvinyl Alcohol Hydrogel as Artificial Cartilage in Microstructure Analysis and Unconfined Compression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.87-88.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Many biomaterials have been developed to replace articular cartilage. One of these materials, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel is proposed to be used as artificial cartilage in joint replacement. To better understand the differences between human articular cartilage and PVA hydrogel, microstructure analysis and unconfined compression were developed. In microstructure analysis, the surface of articular cartilage was smooth and free from any significant morphological features. Some small holes were found in the surface and cross-section of PVA hydrogel. The porous structure of PVA hydrogel was observed clearly by Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). In unconfined compression tests, the compression modulus of articular cartilage was higher than that of PVA hydrogel. In the creep tests, the strain value of articular cartilage was lower than that of PVA hydrogel all the time. It is indicated that the microstructure of each material has a great influence on their biphasic property which related to their mechanical behavior.
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