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Safronov AP, Kurilova NM, Adamova LV, Shklyar TF, Blyakhman FA, Zubarev AY. Hydrogels Based on Polyacrylamide and Calcium Alginate: Thermodynamic Compatibility of Interpenetrating Networks, Mechanical, and Electrical Properties. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:279. [PMID: 37504167 PMCID: PMC10377394 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8030279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and physicochemical properties of hydrogels with interpenetrated physical and chemical networks were considered in relation to their prospective application as biomimetic materials in biomedicine and bioengineering. The study was focused on combined hydrogels based on natural polysaccharide-calcium alginate (CaAlg) and a synthetic polymer-polyacrylamide (PAAm). The series of hydrogels with varying proportions among alginate and polyacrylamide have been synthesized, and their water uptake has been characterized depending on their composition. The equilibrium swelling and re-swelling in water after drying were considered. The compatibility of alginate and polyacrylamide in the combined blend was studied by the thermodynamic approach. It showed a controversial combination of negative enthalpy of mixing among PAAm and CaAlg with positive Gibbs energy of mixing. Mechanical and electrical properties of the combined gels with double networking were studied as relevant for their prospective use as scaffolds for tissue regeneration and working bodies in actuators. The storage modulus and the loss modulus were determined in the oscillatory compression mode as a function of proportions among natural and synthetic polymers. Both moduli substantially increased with the content of CaAlg and PAAm. The electrical (Donnan) potential of hydrogels was measured using the capillary electrode technique. The Donnan potential was negative at all compositions of hydrogels, and its absolute values increased with the content of CaAlg and PAAm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P Safronov
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Institute of Electrophysics UB RAS, 620016 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Nadezhda M Kurilova
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Lidiya V Adamova
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Tatyana F Shklyar
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Department of Biomedical Physics and Engineering, Ural State Medical University, 620028 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Felix A Blyakhman
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Department of Biomedical Physics and Engineering, Ural State Medical University, 620028 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Andrey Yu Zubarev
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
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Starodumov IO, Sokolov SY, Alexandrov DV, Zubarev AY, Bessonov IS, Chestukhin VV, Blyakhman FA. Modelling of hemodynamics in bifurcation lesions of coronary arteries before and after myocardial revascularization. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2022; 380:20200303. [PMID: 34974725 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2020.0303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Modelling of patient-specific hemodynamics for a clinical case of severe coronary artery disease with the bifurcation stenosis was carried out with allowance for standard angiographic data obtained before and after successfully performed myocardial revascularization by stenting of two arteries. Based on a non-Newtonian fluid model and an original algorithm for fluid dynamics computation operated with a limited amount of initial data, key characteristics of blood flow were determined to analyse the features of coronary disease and the consequences of its treatment. The results of hemodynamic modelling near bifurcation sites are presented with an emphasis on physical, physiological and clinical phenomena to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach. The main limitations and ways to minimize them are the subjects of discussion as well. This article is part of the theme issue 'Transport phenomena in complex systems (part 2)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya O Starodumov
- Department of Theoretical and Mathematical Physics, Laboratory of Multi-Scale Mathematical Modeling, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620000, Russian Federation
- Ural State Medical University, Ekaterinburg 620028, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey Yu Sokolov
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620000, Russian Federation
- Ural State Medical University, Ekaterinburg 620028, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitri V Alexandrov
- Department of Theoretical and Mathematical Physics, Laboratory of Multi-Scale Mathematical Modeling, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620000, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey Yu Zubarev
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620000, Russian Federation
| | - Ivan S Bessonov
- Tyumen Cardiology Research Center, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 625026, Russian Federation
| | - Vasily V Chestukhin
- Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency Care, Moscow 129090, Russian Federation
| | - Felix A Blyakhman
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620000, Russian Federation
- Ural State Medical University, Ekaterinburg 620028, Russian Federation
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Dinislamova OA, Bugayova AV, Shklyar TF, Safronov AP, Blyakhman FA. Echogenic Advantages of Ferrogels Filled with Magnetic Sub-Microparticles. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:bioengineering8100140. [PMID: 34677213 PMCID: PMC8533603 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8100140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrasonic imaging of ferrogels (FGs) filled with magnetic nanoparticles does not reflect the inner structure of FGs due to the small size of particles. To determine whether larger particle size would improve the acoustic properties of FGs, biocompatible hydrogels filled with 100–400 nm iron oxide magnetic sub-microparticles with weight fraction up to 23.3% were synthesized and studied. Polymeric networks of synthesized FGs were comprised of chemically cross-linked polyacrylamide with interpenetrating physical network of natural polysaccharide—Guar or Xanthan. Cylindrical samples approximately 10 mm in height and 13 mm in diameter were immersed in a water bath and examined using medical ultrasound (8.5 MHz). The acoustic properties of FGs were characterized by the intensity of reflected echo signal. It was found that the echogenicity of sub-microparticles provides visualization not only of the outer geometry of the gel sample but of its inner structure as well. In particular, the echogenicity of FGs interior depended on the concentration of magnetic particles in the FGs network. The ultrasound monitoring of the shape, dimensions, and inner structure of FGs in the applied external magnetic field is demonstrated. It is especially valuable for the application of FGs in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A. Dinislamova
- Department of Biomedical Physics and Engineering, Ural State Medical University, 620028 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (O.A.D.); (A.V.B.); (T.F.S.)
| | - Antonina V. Bugayova
- Department of Biomedical Physics and Engineering, Ural State Medical University, 620028 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (O.A.D.); (A.V.B.); (T.F.S.)
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia;
| | - Tatyana F. Shklyar
- Department of Biomedical Physics and Engineering, Ural State Medical University, 620028 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (O.A.D.); (A.V.B.); (T.F.S.)
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia;
| | - Alexander P. Safronov
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia;
- Institute of Electrophysics UB RAS, 620016 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Felix A. Blyakhman
- Department of Biomedical Physics and Engineering, Ural State Medical University, 620028 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (O.A.D.); (A.V.B.); (T.F.S.)
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia;
- Correspondence:
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Shklyar TF, Orkhey EA, Safronov AP, Blyakhman FA. Biocompatible contactless electrically responsive hydrogel‐based force maker. POLYM INT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana F Shklyar
- Institute of Natural Science and Mathematics Ural Federal University Yekaterinburg Russian Federation
- Department of Biomedical Physics and Engineering Ural State Medical University Yekaterinburg Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina A Orkhey
- Institute of Natural Science and Mathematics Ural Federal University Yekaterinburg Russian Federation
- Department of Biomedical Physics and Engineering Ural State Medical University Yekaterinburg Russian Federation
| | - Alexander P Safronov
- Institute of Natural Science and Mathematics Ural Federal University Yekaterinburg Russian Federation
- Institute of Electrophysics UB RAS Yekaterinburg Russian Federation
| | - Felix A Blyakhman
- Institute of Natural Science and Mathematics Ural Federal University Yekaterinburg Russian Federation
- Department of Biomedical Physics and Engineering Ural State Medical University Yekaterinburg Russian Federation
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Blyakhman FA, Melnikov GY, Makarova EB, Fadeyev FA, Sedneva-Lugovets DV, Shabadrov PA, Volchkov SO, Mekhdieva KR, Safronov AP, Fernández Armas S, Kurlyandskaya GV. Effects of Constant Magnetic Field to the Proliferation Rate of Human Fibroblasts Grown onto Different Substrates: Tissue Culture Polystyrene, Polyacrylamide Hydrogel and Ferrogels γ-Fe 2O 3 Magnetic Nanoparticles. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:nano10091697. [PMID: 32872276 PMCID: PMC7558866 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The static magnetic field was shown to affect the proliferation, adhesion and differentiation of various types of cells, making it a helpful tool for regenerative medicine, though the mechanism of its impact on cells is not completely understood. In this work, we have designed and tested a magnetic system consisting of an equidistant set of the similar commercial permanent magnets (6 × 4 assay) in order to get insight on the potential of its experimental usage in the biological studies with cells culturing in a magnetic field. Human dermal fibroblasts, which are widely applied in regenerative medicine, were used for the comparative study of their proliferation rate on tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) and on the polyacrylamide ferrogels with 0.00, 0.63 and 1.19 wt % concentrations of γ-Fe2O3 magnetic nanoparticles obtained by the well-established technique of laser target evaporation. We used either the same batch as in previously performed but different biological experiments or the same fabrication conditions for fabrication of the nanoparticles. This adds special value to the understanding of the mechanisms of nanoparticles contributions to the processes occurring in the living systems in their presence. The magnetic field increased human dermal fibroblast cell proliferation rate on TCPS, but, at the same time, it suppressed the growth of fibroblasts on blank gel and on polyacrylamide ferrogels. However, the proliferation rate of cells on ferrogels positively correlated with the concentration of nanoparticles. Such a dependence was observed both for cell proliferation without the application of the magnetic field and under the exposure to the constant magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix A. Blyakhman
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (F.A.B.); (G.Y.M.); (P.A.S.); (S.O.V.); (K.R.M.); (A.P.S.)
- Department of Biomedical Physics and Engineering, Ural State Medical University, 620028 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (E.B.M.); (F.A.F.)
| | - Grigory Yu. Melnikov
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (F.A.B.); (G.Y.M.); (P.A.S.); (S.O.V.); (K.R.M.); (A.P.S.)
| | - Emilia B. Makarova
- Department of Biomedical Physics and Engineering, Ural State Medical University, 620028 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (E.B.M.); (F.A.F.)
- Ural Scientific Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, 620014 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Fedor A. Fadeyev
- Department of Biomedical Physics and Engineering, Ural State Medical University, 620028 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (E.B.M.); (F.A.F.)
- Institute of Medical Cell Technologies, 620026 Ekaterinburg, Russia;
| | | | - Pavel A. Shabadrov
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (F.A.B.); (G.Y.M.); (P.A.S.); (S.O.V.); (K.R.M.); (A.P.S.)
- Department of Biomedical Physics and Engineering, Ural State Medical University, 620028 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (E.B.M.); (F.A.F.)
| | - Stanislav O. Volchkov
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (F.A.B.); (G.Y.M.); (P.A.S.); (S.O.V.); (K.R.M.); (A.P.S.)
| | - Kamiliya R. Mekhdieva
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (F.A.B.); (G.Y.M.); (P.A.S.); (S.O.V.); (K.R.M.); (A.P.S.)
| | - Alexander P. Safronov
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (F.A.B.); (G.Y.M.); (P.A.S.); (S.O.V.); (K.R.M.); (A.P.S.)
- Institute of Electrophysics UB RAS, 620016 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | | | - Galina V. Kurlyandskaya
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (F.A.B.); (G.Y.M.); (P.A.S.); (S.O.V.); (K.R.M.); (A.P.S.)
- Departamento de Electricidad y Electrónica, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-9460-13237; Fax: +34-9460-13071
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Blyakhman FA, Sokolov SY, Safronov AP, Dinislamova OA, Shklyar TF, Zubarev AY, Kurlyandskaya GV. Ferrogels Ultrasonography for Biomedical Applications. Sensors (Basel) 2019; 19:s19183959. [PMID: 31540284 PMCID: PMC6767681 DOI: 10.3390/s19183959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Ferrogels (FG) are magnetic composites that are widely used in the area of biomedical engineering and biosensing. In this work, ferrogels with different concentrations of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were synthesized by the radical polymerization of acrylamide in stabilized aqueous ferrofluid. FG samples were prepared in various shapes that are suitable for different characterization techniques. Thin cylindrical samples were used to simulate the case of targeted drug delivery test through blood vessels. Samples of larger size that were in the shape of cylindrical plates were used for the evaluation of the FG applicability as substitutes for damaged structures, such as bone or cartilage tissues. Regardless of the shape of the samples and the conditions of their location, the boundaries of FG were confidently visualized over the entire range of concentrations of MNPs while using medical ultrasound. The amplitude of the reflected echo signal was higher for the higher concentration of MNPs in the gel. This result was not related to the influence of the MNPs on the intensity of the reflected echo signal directly, since the wavelength of the ultrasonic effect used is much larger than the particle size. Qualitative theoretical model for the understanding of the experimental results was proposed while taking into account the concept that at the acoustic oscillations of the hydrogel, the macromolecular net, and water in the gel porous structure experience the viscous Stocks-like interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix A Blyakhman
- Ural State Medical University, 620028 Ekaterinburg, Russia.
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Ural Federal University, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia.
| | - Sergey Yu Sokolov
- Ural State Medical University, 620028 Ekaterinburg, Russia.
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Ural Federal University, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia.
| | - Alexander P Safronov
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Ural Federal University, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia.
- Institute of Electrophysics, Ural Division RAS, 620016 Ekaterinburg, Russia.
| | | | - Tatyana F Shklyar
- Ural State Medical University, 620028 Ekaterinburg, Russia.
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Ural Federal University, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia.
| | - Andrey Yu Zubarev
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Ural Federal University, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia.
- M.N. Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 620990 Ekaterinburg, Russia.
| | - Galina V Kurlyandskaya
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Ural Federal University, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia.
- Departamento de Electricidad y Electrónica and BCMaterials, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
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Blyakhman FA, Makarova EB, Fadeyev FA, Lugovets DV, Safronov AP, Shabadrov PA, Shklyar TF, Melnikov GY, Orue I, Kurlyandskaya GV. The Contribution of Magnetic Nanoparticles to Ferrogel Biophysical Properties. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2019; 9:nano9020232. [PMID: 30744036 PMCID: PMC6410145 DOI: 10.3390/nano9020232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Iron oxide γ-Fe2O3 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were fabricated by laser target evaporation technique (LTE) and their structure and magnetic properties were studied. Polyacrylamide (PAAm) gels with different cross-linking density of the polymer network and polyacrylamide-based ferrogel with embedded LTE MNPs (0.34 wt.%) were synthesized. Their adhesive and proliferative potential with respect to human dermal fibroblasts were studied. At the same value of Young modulus, the adhesive and proliferative activities of the human dermal fibroblasts on the surface of ferrogel were unexpectedly much higher in comparison with the surface of PAAm gel. Properties of PAAm-100 + γ-Fe2O3 MNPs composites were discussed with focus on creation of a new generation of drug delivery systems combined in multifunctional devices, including magnetic field assisted delivery, positioning, and biosensing. Although exact applications are still under development, the obtained results show a high potential of LTE MNPs to be applied for cellular technologies and tissue engineering. PAAm-100 ferrogel with very low concentration of γ-Fe2O3 MNPs results in significant improvement of the cells’ compatibility to the gel-based scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix A Blyakhman
- Ural State Medical University, 620028 Ekaterinburg, Russia.
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia.
| | - Emilia B Makarova
- Ural State Medical University, 620028 Ekaterinburg, Russia.
- Ural Scientific Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, 620014 Ekaterinburg, Russia.
| | - Fedor A Fadeyev
- Ural State Medical University, 620028 Ekaterinburg, Russia.
- Center of Specialized Types of Medical Care Institute of Medical Cell Technologies, 620026 Ekaterinburg, Russia.
| | - Daiana V Lugovets
- Center of Specialized Types of Medical Care Institute of Medical Cell Technologies, 620026 Ekaterinburg, Russia.
| | - Alexander P Safronov
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia.
- Institute of Electrophysics, Ural Division RAS, 620016 Yekaterinburg, Russia.
| | - Pavel A Shabadrov
- Ural State Medical University, 620028 Ekaterinburg, Russia.
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia.
| | - Tatyana F Shklyar
- Ural State Medical University, 620028 Ekaterinburg, Russia.
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia.
| | - Grigory Yu Melnikov
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia.
| | - Iñaki Orue
- Advanced Research Facilities (SGIKER), Universidad del País Vasco UPV-EHU, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Galina V Kurlyandskaya
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia.
- Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Departamento de Electricidad y Electrónica and BCMaterials, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
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Blyakhman FA, Buznikov NA, Sklyar TF, Safronov AP, Golubeva EV, Svalov AV, Sokolov SY, Melnikov GY, Orue I, Kurlyandskaya GV. Mechanical, Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Ferrogels with Embedded Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Obtained by Laser Target Evaporation: Focus on Multifunctional Biosensor Applications. Sensors (Basel) 2018; 18:s18030872. [PMID: 29543746 PMCID: PMC5877372 DOI: 10.3390/s18030872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels are biomimetic materials widely used in the area of biomedical engineering and biosensing. Ferrogels (FG) are magnetic composites capable of functioning as magnetic field sensitive transformers and field assisted drug deliverers. FG can be prepared by incorporating magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) into chemically crosslinked hydrogels. The properties of biomimetic ferrogels for multifunctional biosensor applications can be set up by synthesis. The properties of these biomimetic ferrogels can be thoroughly controlled in a physical experiment environment which is much less demanding than biotests. Two series of ferrogels (soft and dense) based on polyacrylamide (PAAm) with different chemical network densities were synthesized by free-radical polymerization in aqueous solution with N,N’-methylene-diacrylamide as a cross-linker and maghemite Fe2O3 MNPs fabricated by laser target evaporation as a filler. Their mechanical, electrical and magnetic properties were comparatively analyzed. We developed a giant magnetoimpedance (MI) sensor prototype with multilayered FeNi-based sensitive elements deposited onto glass or polymer substrates adapted for FG studies. The MI measurements in the initial state and in the presence of FG with different concentrations of MNPs at a frequency range of 1–300 MHz allowed a precise characterization of the stray fields of the MNPs present in the FG. We proposed an electrodynamic model to describe the MI in multilayered film with a FG layer based on the solution of linearized Maxwell equations for the electromagnetic fields coupled with the Landau-Lifshitz equation for the magnetization dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix A Blyakhman
- Ural State Medical University, Yekaterinburg 620028, Russia.
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia.
| | - Nikita A Buznikov
- Scientific and Research Institute of Natural Gases and Gas Technologies-Gazprom VNIIGAZ, Razvilka Leninsky District, Moscow Region 142717, Russia.
| | - Tatyana F Sklyar
- Ural State Medical University, Yekaterinburg 620028, Russia.
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia.
| | - Alexander P Safronov
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia.
- Institute of Electrophysics, Ural Division RAS, Yekaterinburg 620016, Russia.
| | - Elizaveta V Golubeva
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia.
| | - Andrey V Svalov
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia.
| | - Sergey Yu Sokolov
- Ural State Medical University, Yekaterinburg 620028, Russia.
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia.
| | - Grigory Yu Melnikov
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia.
| | - Iñaki Orue
- Advanced Research Facilities (SGIKER), Universidad del País Vasco UPV-EHU, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Galina V Kurlyandskaya
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia.
- Departamento de Electricidad y Electrónica and BCMaterials, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
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Shklyar TF, Dinislamova OA, Safronov AP, Blyakhman FA. Effect of cytoskeletal elastic properties on the mechanoelectrical transduction in excitable cells. J Biomech 2012; 45:1444-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2012.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Revised: 01/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Safronov AP, Blyakhman FA, Shklyar TF, Terziyan TV, Kostareva MA, Tchikunov SA, Pollack GH. The Influence of Counterion Type and Temperature on Flory-Huggins Binary Interaction Parameter in Polyelectrolyte Hydrogels. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200800495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Blyakhman FA, Naidich AM, Kolchanova SG, Sokolov SY, Kremleva YV, Chestukhin VV. Validity of ejection fraction as a measure of myocardial functional state: impact of asynchrony. Eur J Echocardiogr 2009; 10:613-8. [PMID: 19218567 DOI: 10.1093/ejechocard/jep010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The goal of this study was to test whether peculiarities of left ventricular (LV) regional function place limits on the validity of ejection fraction (EF) as a measure of the myocardial functional state. METHODS AND RESULTS Transthoracic and transoesophageal data from patients with a variety of cardiac conditions were used for analysis of LV regional function. The focus was on the effects of mechanical asynchrony. Ejection fraction was calculated on the basis of LV end-diastolic volume and end-systolic volume obtained by two different ways: (i) end-systolic volume as a whole; and (ii) the sum of all regional end-systolic volumes (which may occur at different times). The relative difference, D-EF, between EFs obtained by (i) and (ii) was taken as the 'merit' of EF. A value of zero is the highest merit. Irrespective of the examination method, we found that D-EF was always higher than zero, and that its value depended on the extent of mechanical asynchrony. CONCLUSIONS Ejection fraction is not the arithmetic average of regional EFs. An increase of asynchrony increases D-EF, i.e. it reduces the merit of EF as a measure of cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix A Blyakhman
- Department of Biomedical Physics, Ural State Medical Academy, 3 Repin Str., Ekaterinburg 620219, Russia.
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Pollack GH, Blyakhman FA, Liu X, Nagomyak E. Sarcomere dynamics, stepwise shortening and the nature of contraction. Adv Exp Med Biol 2006; 565:113-25; discussion 125-6, 371-7. [PMID: 16106970 DOI: 10.1007/0-387-24990-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerald H Pollack
- Dept. of Bioengineering, Univ. of Washington, Seattle WA 98195, USA
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Abstract
Previous experiments on thick filaments of the anterior byssus retractor muscle of Mytilus and the telson-levator muscle of Limulus polyphemus have shown large, reversible length changes up to 23% and 66% of initial length, respectively, within the physiological tension range. Using nanofabricated cantilevers and newly developed high-resolution detection methods, we investigated the dynamics of isolated Mytilus anterior byssus retractor muscle thick filaments. Single thick filaments were suspended between the tips of two microbeams oriented perpendicular to the filament axis: a deflectable cantilever and a stationary beam. Axial stress was applied by translating the base of the deflectable nanolever away from the stationary beam, which bent the nanolever. Tips of flexible nanolevers and stationary beam were imaged onto a photodiode array to track their positions. Filament shortening and lengthening traces, obtained immediately after the motor had imposed stress on the filament, showed steps and pauses. Step sizes were 2.7 nm and integer multiples thereof. Steps of this same size paradigm have been seen both during contraction of single sarcomeres and during active interaction between single isolated actin and myosin filaments, raising the question whether all of these phenomena might be related.
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Zubarev AY, Blyakhman FA, Pollack GH, Gusev P, Safronov AP. Self-Similar Wave of Swelling/Collapse Phase Transition along Polyelectrolyte Gel. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.200400027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Safronov AP, Smirnova YA, Pollack GH, Blyakhman FA. Enthalpy of Swelling of Potassium Polyacrylate and Polymethacrylate Hydrogels. Evaluation of Excluded-Volume Interaction. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200400067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Safronov AP, Smirnova YA, Pollack GH, Blyakhman FA. Cover Picture: Macromol. Chem. Phys. 11/2004. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200490027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Blyakhman FA, Shklyar TF, Pavlov IA, Sokolov SY, Grinko AA. Why the left ventricle is not a sphere. Appl Bionics Biomech 2004. [DOI: 10.1533/abib.2004.1.2.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Pollack GH, Liu X, Yakovenko O, Blyakhman FA. Translation step size measured in single sarcomeres and single filament pairs. Adv Exp Med Biol 2004; 538:129-40; discussion 141. [PMID: 15098661 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-9029-7_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerald H Pollack
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Kolchanova SG, Grinko AA, Zinovieva YA, Sokolov SY, Ustyusganin SS, Shur ML, Blyakhman FA. The regional elastic properties analysis of myocardium based on echocardiographic 3-D reconstruction of the left ventricle. Ultrasound Med Biol 2004; 30:311-320. [PMID: 15063513 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2003.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2003] [Revised: 11/06/2003] [Accepted: 11/13/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluates the myocardium regional elastic properties on the basis of relative thickness change (DeltaHWT) in the left ventricular (LV) wall during the diastolic filling phase. Two-dimensional (2-D) LV long-axis images were obtained with a Powervision-380 (Toshiba) transesophageal echocardiographic imager. Three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction of the LV was carried out by rotation of the transducer in calibrated steps. Endocardial and epicardial surfaces were approximated to the shape of heart wall by means of spherical functions. At the beginning of the diastolic filling phase, LV endocardial surface was divided into equal angular segments sized about 4 x 4 mm in a spherical coordinate system. To define the displacement direction of the heart wall surface fragments at every moment (frame) of diastolic filling, a new algorithm was developed. The elastic properties of LV wall regions were represented as regional DeltaHWT maps. A qualitative test of the method was implemented according to data from clinical and instrumental inspections of the patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD). Possible error sources were considered to evaluate the method quantitatively. The method root-mean-square error was about 5.4%, including errors of initial data, approximation and rounding off.
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Sokolov SY, Grinko AA, Tourovskaia AV, Reitz FB, Yakovenko O, Pollack GH, Blyakhman FA. 'Minimum average risk' as a new peak-detection algorithm applied to myofibrillar dynamics. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2003; 72:21-26. [PMID: 12850294 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-2607(02)00114-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We present a new peak-detection algorithm based on the method of 'minimum average risk' proposed by Kolmogorov and developed for signal processing in various fields. In this method, translations of features within a signal scan are quantified by minimizing the integrated pointwise product of each scan relative to the first derivative of the immediately previous scan. We have adapted this method for use in a new algorithm to monitor dynamic changes of sarcomere length in single myofibrillar sarcomeres of striated muscles, but the algorithm can also be used more generally for peak localization. We find that this method results in sub-nanometer precision and higher signal-to-noise ratio than current methods. At an equal noise level, the RMS deviation of the minimum average risk algorithm was 1.3 times lower than that of the center of mass method with modeled data and 3-4 times lower with actual data.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yu Sokolov
- Department of Physics, Ural State University, 51 Lenin Street, 620083 Yekaterinburg, Russia
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Abstract
The time course of shortening was investigated in the single sarcomere, the smallest contractile unit that retains natural structure. We projected the striation patterns of single bumblebee flight-muscle myofibrils onto a linear photodiode array, which was scanned periodically to produce repetitive traces of intensity vs. position along the array. Sarcomere length was taken as the span between adjacent A-band or Z-line centroids. When myofibrils were ramp-released by a motor, individual sarcomeres shortened in steps punctuated by pauses. The single sarcomere-shortening trace was consistently stepwise both in activated and relaxed specimens. Although step size was variable, the size distribution showed a signature-like feature: the histogram comprised distinct peaks that were spaced quasi-regularly. In the activated myofibrils the interpeak separation corresponded to 2.71 nm per half-sarcomere. This value is equal to the linear advance of actin subunits along the thin filament. Thus, actin filaments translate over thick filaments by steps that may be integer multiples of the actin-subunit spacing.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Blyakhman
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA
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Izakov VYa, Katsnelson LB, Blyakhman FA, Markhasin VS, Shklyar TF. Cooperative effects due to calcium binding by troponin and their consequences for contraction and relaxation of cardiac muscle under various conditions of mechanical loading. Circ Res 1991; 69:1171-84. [PMID: 1934350 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.69.5.1171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A mathematical model for the regulation of mechanical activity in cardiac muscle has been developed based on a three-element rheological model of this muscle. The contractile element has been modeled taking into account the results of extensive mechanical tests that involved the recording of length-force and force-velocity relations and muscle responses to short-time deformations during various phases of the contraction-relaxation cycle. The best agreement between the experimental and the mathematical modeling results was obtained when a postulate stating two types of cooperativity to regulate the calcium binding by troponin was introduced into the model. Cooperativity of the first type is due to the dependence of the affinity of troponin C for Ca2+ on the concentration of myosin crossbridges in the vicinity of a given troponin C. Cooperativity of the second type assumes an increase in the affinity of a given troponin C for Ca2+ when the latter is bound by molecules neighboring troponin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izakov VYa
- Institute of Physiology, Ural Division, USSR Academy of Sciences, Sverdlovsk
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