1
|
Xiang Y, Zhang M, Jiang D, Su Q, Shi J. The role of inflammation in autoimmune disease: a therapeutic target. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1267091. [PMID: 37859999 PMCID: PMC10584158 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1267091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) are immune disorders whose incidence and prevalence are increasing year by year. AIDs are produced by the immune system's misidentification of self-antigens, seemingly caused by excessive immune function, but in fact they are the result of reduced accuracy due to the decline in immune system function, which cannot clearly identify foreign invaders and self-antigens, thus issuing false attacks, and eventually leading to disease. The occurrence of AIDs is often accompanied by the emergence of inflammation, and inflammatory mediators (inflammatory factors, inflammasomes) play an important role in the pathogenesis of AIDs, which mediate the immune process by affecting innate cells (such as macrophages) and adaptive cells (such as T and B cells), and ultimately promote the occurrence of autoimmune responses, so targeting inflammatory mediators/pathways is one of emerging the treatment strategies of AIDs. This review will briefly describe the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of different AIDs, and give a rough introduction to inhibitors targeting inflammatory factors, hoping to have reference significance for subsequent treatment options for AIDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingxue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Die Jiang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Su
- Department of Health Management & Institute of Health Management, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chan TM, Luo SF, Yu KH, See LC, Huang LH, Kuo CF. Risk of cancer in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a nationwide cohort study in Taiwan. Scand J Rheumatol 2021; 50:132-138. [PMID: 33464145 DOI: 10.1080/03009742.2020.1804612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To estimate the incidence of cancer among patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and compare this risk with that of the general population.Method: We obtained data from Taiwan's National Health Insurance database on 19 289 patients with a first diagnosis of AS registered between 2000 and 2012 with no history of cancer before the diagnosis of AS. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for all cancers and for site-specific cancers were used to assess whether AS was associated with an increased risk of cancer.Results: During the follow-up period, 485 patients developed cancer. The incidence rate was therefore 256.3 per 100 000 person-years. Compared with the general population, patients with AS had an increased risk of cancer [SIR 1.33, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.20-1.47]. The SIR of cancer was higher in older patients; the risk increased from 8 years after initial diagnosis. Among solid tumours, the risk of melanoma was the highest (SIR 4.64, 95% CI 1.93-11.15), followed by prostate (SIR 2.53, 95% CI 2.01-3.19), thyroid (SIR 2.09, 95% CI 1.45-3.00), and bone cancer (SIR 2.00, 95% CI 1.01-3.99). Among haematological cancers, the risk of leukaemia was the highest (SIR 1.94, 95% CI 1.21-3.12). By contrast, the risks of oesophageal and oral cancers decreased in patients with AS.Conclusion: This nationwide population-based cohort study demonstrated that patients with AS in Taiwan are at an increased risk of cancer, particularly melanoma; prostate, thyroid, and bone cancers; and haematological malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T-M Chan
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - S-F Luo
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - K-H Yu
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - L-C See
- Biostatistics Core Laboratory, Molecular Medicine Research Centre, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - L-H Huang
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - C-F Kuo
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics and Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kim JY, Yoon HK, Song ST, Park SR, Shim SC. Expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase splicing variants in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Autoimmunity 2017; 50:435-440. [DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2017.1385777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Daejeon Rheumatoid and Degenerative Arthritis Center, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Kyung Yoon
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Taek Song
- Department of Rheumatology, Cheongju St. Mary's Hospital, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Rae Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Cheol Shim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Daejeon Rheumatoid and Degenerative Arthritis Center, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sun LM, Muo CH, Liang JA, Chang SN, Sung FC, Kao CH. Increased risk of cancer for patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study. Scand J Rheumatol 2014; 43:301-6. [PMID: 24559186 DOI: 10.3109/03009742.2013.863969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Few studies have investigated the relationship between ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and other inflammatory spondyloarthritis and subsequent cancer. The aim of this study was to determine whether AS is associated with cancer risk. METHOD We used data from the National Health Insurance (NHI) system of Taiwan to investigate this association. The AS cohort included 4133 patients, and each patient was randomly frequency matched with four persons without AS based on sex, age, and entry year (control cohort). We conducted a Cox proportional hazards regression analysis to estimate the influence of AS on cancer risk. RESULTS Among patients with AS, the overall risk of developing cancer was 38% higher than that of people without AS, and the difference was significant [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.38, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.18-1.60]. This phenomenon held true even when we analysed males and females separately. The risk of developing lung or head and neck cancer among patients with AS was significantly higher; and risks for liver, bladder, and uterus cancers were marginally significantly higher. CONCLUSIONS This nationwide population-based cohort study shows that Taiwanese patients with AS have a higher risk of developing cancer, particularly lung or head and neck cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L-M Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
|
6
|
Stanek A, Cieślar G, Romuk E, Kasperczyk S, Sieroń-Stołtny K, Birkner E, Sieroń A. Decrease in antioxidant status of plasma and erythrocytes from patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Clin Biochem 2010; 43:566-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2009.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2009] [Revised: 12/12/2009] [Accepted: 12/14/2009] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
7
|
Livedoid Vasculopathy With Underlying Subcutaneous Necrotizing Venulitis in an Asymptomatic Hepatitis B Virus Carrier: Is Livedoid Vasculopathy a True Nonvasculitic Disorder? Am J Dermatopathol 2009; 31:293-6. [DOI: 10.1097/dad.0b013e31819560aa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
8
|
Duftner C, Dejaco C, Klauser A, Falkenbach A, Lakomek HJ, Schirmer M. High positive predictive value of specific antibodies cross-reacting with a 28-kDa Drosophila antigen for diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2005; 45:38-42. [PMID: 16159948 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kei109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) can be difficult, and a specific laboratory test has not yet been introduced as a routine diagnostic tool. Our aim was to evaluate the diagnostic value of antibodies specifically binding to a recombinant 28-kDa antigen for the diagnosis of AS. METHODS Blinded sera were tested for antibodies binding to the procaryotically expressed 28-kDa protein using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). This purified 28-kDa protein is produced by a specific clone from an embryonic Drosophila hydei Xgtl I c-DNA library and is bound by human antibodies cross-reacting with both a 36-kDa protein of chromosomes from Drosophila melanogaster and a 69-Da HeLa S3 protein potentially involved in signal transduction pathways. RESULTS Serum concentrations of antibodies cross-reacting with this specific antigen were increased in 371 patients with AS compared with 37 healthy controls (39.5 vs 22.6 U/ml; P = 0.004). The positive predictive values of this ELISA test for AS were between 95.1% (95% confidence interval 90.6-97.9%) for a cut-off level of 50 U/ml and 97.4% (92.7-99.5%) for a cut-off level of 75 U/ml, and the sensitivities were between 42.1% (37.0-47.3%) for a cut-off level of 50 U/ml and 30.7% (26.1-35.7%) for a cut-off level of 75 U/ml. CONCLUSIONS Serum ELISA tests for antibodies cross-reacting with the 28-kDa antigen show a high positive predictive value for AS of more than 95%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Duftner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Karter Y, Erzin Y, Bilici A, Kisacik B, Demirkesen C, Yaldiran A, Ozturk E. Cutaneous Vasculitis and Antiphospholipid Syndrome in a Patient With Ankylosing Spondylitis: How May They Be Related? J Clin Rheumatol 2002; 8:183-5. [PMID: 17041353 DOI: 10.1097/00124743-200206000-00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
10
|
Abstract
Many different aetiologies for childhood cancer have been suggested, but few are well established. One is that parental autoimmune disease is linked with susceptibility for haematopoietic malignancies in their offspring during childhood. The present study is the first to investigate this hypothesis using a follow-up design. A cohort of 53,811 children of more than 36,000 patients diagnosed with a systemic, organ-specific or suspected autoimmune disease were followed up for cancer incidence in the Danish Cancer Registry during 1968-1993. The parents were identified through the National Registry of Patients, while their children were traced in the Central Population Register. Cancer incidence among the offspring was compared with that in the corresponding childhood population of Denmark. In total, 115 cancers were observed among children aged 0-19 years, yielding a non-significant standardized incidence ratio of 1.07. Lymphomas contributed 21 cases to the overall number of tumours, 60% more than expected (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.0-2.4); leukaemia contributed 37 cases representing an excess of 30% (95% CI 0.9-1.8). Our results give some support to the hypothesis that parental autoimmune disease is associated with childhood lymphoma and leukaemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Mellemkjaer
- Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ringrose JH. HLA-B27 associated spondyloarthropathy, an autoimmune disease based on crossreactivity between bacteria and HLA-B27? Ann Rheum Dis 1999; 58:598-610. [PMID: 10491358 PMCID: PMC1752789 DOI: 10.1136/ard.58.10.598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Most autoimmune diseases are associated with certain HLA types. Therefore, spondyloarthropathies (SpA) strongly associated with HLA-B27, are also often classified as autoimmune diseases. This study questions whether SpA indeed fulfils the criteria of an autoimmune disease. The Medline database was searched for all reports between 1966 and April 1998 on the presence of autoimmune reactivity in SpA patients. This search yielded 45 articles on this subject. Only eight articles study T cell reactivity. Twelve reports were found on the assessment of antibodies crossreacting between bacteria and HLA-B27. In the 45 studies demonstrating autoimmune reactions in SpA patients proper controls matched for HLA-B27, sex and age were nearly always lacking. Therefore, it is concluded that the frequency of increased autoreactivity in sera from patients and controls is not significantly different, and that this lack of autoreactivity does not justify classification of SpA as an autoimmune disease. As crossreactive antibodies against bacteria and HLA-B27 were equally present in sera from patients and controls, the pathogenetic significance of molecular mimicry between various bacteria and HLA-B27 is questionable. Furthermore, the regions of the B27 molecule that are supposed to be crossreactive with bacteria, differ in one or more amino acids among the distinct B27 subtypes. Although these differences strongly influence the binding of antibodies to the B27 molecule, there was no relation between the degree of crossreactivity of certain subtypes and the association of these subtypes with SpA. In conclusion, there is no evident proof that SpA is an autoimmune disease attributable to crossreactivity between bacteria and HLA-B27.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J H Ringrose
- Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gaston JS. Are heat shock proteins involved in autoimmunity? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL & LABORATORY RESEARCH 1992; 22:90-4. [PMID: 1504311 DOI: 10.1007/bf02591403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) have been postulated to be critical antigens in both autoimmune disease and experimental models of autoimmunity. This postulate has been largely based on the remarkable conservation of aminoacid sequence between human and bacterial HSPs, so that it has been argued that immune responses initially directed against the HSP of an infectious agent, would have the potential to initiate or maintain autoimmune disease. This would apply especially to T cell recognition of HSPs, since the T cell focuses on short peptide epitopes within a protein antigen rather than on the antigen's secondary structure. This article critically evaluates the available experimental evidence relating to this hypothesis: although research has clearly highlighted the central role of HSPs in the cellular immune response to pathogenic organisms and has shown the potential for T cell responses directed against self HSPs, a role for self HSPs as major target antigens in autoimmune disease has yet to be firmly established.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J S Gaston
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Birmingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|