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Wang T, Mao J, Bo S, Zhang L, Li Q. Acute effects of resistance-type and cycling-type high-intensity interval training on arterial stiffness, cardiac autonomic modulation and cardiac biomarkers. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2024; 16:14. [PMID: 38212817 PMCID: PMC10785405 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-024-00806-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been shown to enhance cardiovascular health. However, there is a lack of research investigating the specific cardiovascular effects of different HIIT training modes. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the acute effects of cycling-type high intensity interval training (C-HIIT) and resistance-type high intensity interval training (R-HIIT) on arterial stiffness, cardiac autonomic modulation, and cardiac biomarkers in healthy young men. METHODS This is a cross-over randomized trial. Eleven healthy active young men took part in both C-HIIT and R-HIIT. Cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), heart rate variability (HRV), and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were measured before, immediately and 30 min after the exercise in C-HIIT and R-HIIT. Meanwhile, blood samples for cardiac troponin-T (cTnT) and amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) were assessed using ELISA before, 5min and 35min after exercise. RESULTS There was a significant time × group interaction effect (P = 0.019, ηp2 = 0.182) and time main effect for ⊿CAVI (P < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.729), and R-HIIT resulted in a more significant reduction in ⊿CAVI compared to C-HIIT (- 0.60 ± 0.30, P = 0.043, d = 0.924) immediately after exercise. There was a significant time main effect was observed for SBP (P = 0.001, ηp2 = 0.304). A significant time main effect for lnHF (P < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.782), lnRMSSD (P < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.693), and LF/HF (P = 0.001, ηp2 = 0.302) of HRV was observed. A significant time main effect was observed for cTnT (P = 0.023, ηp2 = 0.193) and NT-proBNP (P = 0.001, ηp2 = 0.334) of cardiac biomarkers. CONCLUSION R-HIIT and C-HIIT elicited similar acute responses in cardiac autonomic modulation and cardiac biomarkers. However, R-HIIT was more effective in reducing arterial stiffness in healthy young men. Furthermore, the increase in cardiac biomarkers induced by both C-HIIT and R-HIIT was reversible. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was prospectively registered on 22 February 2022 at www.chictr.org.cn with identification number ChiCTR2200056897.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjiao Wang
- College of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Mao
- College of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Shumin Bo
- College of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Li
- College of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
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Costache AD, Leon-Constantin MM, Roca M, Maștaleru A, Anghel RC, Zota IM, Drugescu A, Costache II, Chetran A, Moisă ȘM, Huzum B, Mitu O, Cumpăt C, Honceriu C, Mitu F. Cardiac Biomarkers in Sports Cardiology. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:453. [PMID: 36547450 PMCID: PMC9781597 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9120453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustained physical activity induces morphological and functional changes in the cardiovascular system. While mostly physiological, they can also become a trigger for major adverse cardiovascular events, the most severe of which are sudden cardiac arrest and sudden cardiac death. Therefore, any novel method which can help more accurately estimate the cardiovascular risk should be considered for further studying and future implementation in the standard protocols. The study of biomarkers is gaining more and more ground as they have already established their utility in diagnosing ischemic cardiac disease or in evaluating cardiac dysfunction in patients with heart failure. Nowadays, they are being implemented in the screening of apparently healthy individuals for the assessment of the cardiovascular risk. The aim of this paper is to gather published data regarding the measurements of cardiac biomarkers in athletes, i.e., troponins, myoglobin, CK-MB, NT-proBNP, and D-Dimers, and their potential use in the field of sports cardiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru-Dan Costache
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Department of Cardiovascular Rehabilitation, Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Maria-Magdalena Leon-Constantin
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Department of Cardiovascular Rehabilitation, Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mihai Roca
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Department of Cardiovascular Rehabilitation, Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alexandra Maștaleru
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Department of Cardiovascular Rehabilitation, Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Răzvan-Constantin Anghel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Department of Cardiovascular Rehabilitation, Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ioana-Mădălina Zota
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Department of Cardiovascular Rehabilitation, Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Andrei Drugescu
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Department of Cardiovascular Rehabilitation, Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Irina-Iuliana Costache
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Department of Cardiology, ”St. Spiridon” Emergency County Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Adriana Chetran
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Department of Cardiology, ”St. Spiridon” Emergency County Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ștefana-Maria Moisă
- Department of Mother and Child Medicine-Pediatrics, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Department of Pediatrics I, “St. Maria” Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania
| | - Bogdan Huzum
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences II, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, “Sf. Spiridon” Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Mitu
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Department of Cardiology, ”St. Spiridon” Emergency County Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Carmen Cumpăt
- Department of Management, Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cezar Honceriu
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Florin Mitu
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Department of Cardiovascular Rehabilitation, Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
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Skadberg Ø, Kleiven Ø, Bjørkavoll-Bergseth M, Melberg T, Bergseth R, Selvåg J, Auestad B, Greve OJ, Dickstein K, Aarsland T, Ørn S. Highly increased Troponin I levels following high-intensity endurance cycling may detect subclinical coronary artery disease in presumably healthy leisure sport cyclists: The North Sea Race Endurance Exercise Study (NEEDED) 2013. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2017; 24:885-894. [PMID: 28186443 DOI: 10.1177/2047487317693130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Circulating cardiac troponin levels increase following prolonged intense physical exercise. The aim of this study was to identify participants with highly elevated cardiac troponins after prolonged, high intensity exercise, and to evaluate these for subclinical coronary artery disease. Methods and results Ninety-seven recreational cyclists without known cardiovascular disease or diabetes, participating in a 91 km mountain bike race were included, 74 (76%) were males, age: 43 ± 10 years, race duration: 4.2 (3.6-4.7) h. Blood samples, rest electrocardiogram and physical examination were obtained 24 h prior to, and at 0, 3 and 24 h following the race. Median cardiac troponin I level at baseline: 3.4 (2.1-4.9) ng/l (upper limit of normal: 30.0 ng/l). There was a highly significant ( p < 0.0001) increase in circulating cardiac troponin I in all participants: immediately following the race; 50.5 (28.5-71.9) ng/l, peaking at 3 h 69.3 (42.3-97.7) ng/l and declining at 24 h: 14.2 (8.5-27.9) ng/l. No cyclist had symptoms or rest electrocardiogram changes compatible with coronary artery disease during or following the race. Coronary artery disease was detected by coronary angiography in the three cyclists with the three of the four highest cardiac troponin values (>370 ng/l) at 3 and 24 h following the race. Computed tomographic coronary angiography was performed in an additional 10 riders with the subsequently highest cardiac troponin I values, without identifying underlying coronary artery disease. Conclusions This study suggests that there is a pathologic cardiac troponin I response following exercise in individuals with subclinical coronary artery disease. This response may be associated with an excessive cardiac troponin I increase at 3 and 24 h following prolonged high-intensity exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Øyvind Skadberg
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Stavanger University Hospital, Norway
| | - Øyunn Kleiven
- 2 Cardiology Department, Stavanger University Hospital, Norway
| | | | - Tor Melberg
- 2 Cardiology Department, Stavanger University Hospital, Norway
| | | | - Jone Selvåg
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Stavanger University Hospital, Norway
| | - Bjørn Auestad
- 5 Department of Research, Stavanger University Hospital, Norway.,6 Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Stavanger, Norway
| | - Ole J Greve
- 7 Department of Radiology, Stavanger University Hospital, Norway
| | | | | | - Stein Ørn
- 2 Cardiology Department, Stavanger University Hospital, Norway.,6 Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Stavanger, Norway
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Mellor A, Boos C, Holdsworth D, Begley J, Hall D, Lumley A, Burnett A, Hawkins A, O'Hara J, Ball S, Woods D. Cardiac biomarkers at high altitude. High Alt Med Biol 2015; 15:452-8. [PMID: 25330333 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2014.1035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Classically, biomarkers such as the natriuretic peptides (NPs) BNP/NT-proBNP are associated with the diagnosis of heart failure and hs-cTnT with acute coronary syndromes. NPs are also elevated in pulmonary hypertension. High pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) is a key feature of high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE), which may be difficult to diagnose in the field. We have previously demonstrated that NPs are associated with high PASP and the presence of acute mountain sickness (AMS) in a small cohort at HA. We aimed to investigate the utility of several common cardiac biomarkers in diagnosing high PASP and AMS. METHODS 48 participants were assessed post-trekking and at rest at three altitudes: 3833 m, 4450 m, and 5129 m. NPs, hs-cTnT and hsCRP, were quantified using immunoassays, PASP was measured by echocardiography, and AMS scores were recorded. RESULTS Significant changes occurred with ascent in NPs, hs-cTnT, hsCRP (all p<0.001) and PASP (p=0.006). A high PASP (≥40 mm Hg) was associated with higher NPs, NT-proBNP: 137±195 vs. 71.8±68 (p=0.001); BNP 15.3±18.1 vs. 8.7±6.6 (p=0.001). NPs were significantly higher in those with AMS or severe AMS vs. those without (severe AMS: NT-proBNP: 161.2±264 vs. 76.4±82.5 (p=0.008)). The NPs correlated with hsCRP. cTnT increased with exercise at HA and was also higher in those with a high PASP (13.8±21 vs. 7.8±6.5, p=0.018). CONCLUSION The NPs and hs-cTnT are associated with high PASP at HA and the NPs with AMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Mellor
- 1 Defence Medical Services , Whittington Barracks, Lichfield, United Kingdom
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Tian Y, Nie J, George KP, Huang C. Reproducibility of cardiac biomarkers response to prolonged treadmill exercise. Biomarkers 2014; 19:114-20. [DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2014.880855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Woods DR, Mellor A, Begley J, Stacey M, O'Hara J, Hawkins A, Yarker J, Foxen S, Smith C, Boos C. Brain natriuretic peptide and NT-proBNP levels reflect pulmonary artery systolic pressure in trekkers at high altitude. Physiol Res 2013; 62:597-603. [PMID: 23869896 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Our objective was to evaluate the utility of the natriuretic peptides BNP (brain natriuretic peptide) and NT-proBNP as markers of pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) in trekkers ascending to high altitude (HA). 20 participants had BNP and NT-proBNP assayed and simultaneous echocardiographic assessment of PASP performed during a trek to 5150 m. PASP increased significantly (p=0.006) with ascent from 24+/-4 to 39+/-11 mm Hg at 5150 m. At 5150 m those with a PASP>/=40 mm Hg (n=8) (versus those with PASP<40 mm Hg) had higher post-exercise BNP (pg/ml): 54.5+/-36 vs. 13.4+/-17 (p=0.012). Their resting BNP at 5150 m was also higher: 57.3+/-43.4 vs. 12.6+/-13 (p=0.017). In those with a pathological (>/=400 pg/ml) rise in NT-proBNP at 5150 m (n=4) PASP was significantly higher: 45.9+/-7.5 vs. 32.2+/-6.2 mm Hg (p=0.015). BNP and NT-proBNP may reflect elevated PASP, a central feature of high altitude pulmonary oedema, at HA.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Woods
- Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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Oran B, Ozturk K, Çimen D, Vatansev H, Bulut S, Arslan D. Release of NT-pro brain natriuretic peptide in children before and after adenotonsillectomy. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2013; 77:666-9. [PMID: 23415956 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2013.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To measure serum B-type natriuretic peptide, especially N-terminal segment of its prohormone (NT-proBNP) and pulmonary arterial pressure levels and to determine whether NT-proBNP concentrations correlate with pulmonary arterial pressure levels in children before and after adenotonsillectomy. METHODS Twenty children with adenoid and tonsil hypertrophy and 20 healthy subjects were included in the study. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed in all patients to assess pulmonary artery systolic and diastolic pressure with cardiac dysfunction. The NT-proBNP was analyzed for correlation with pulmonary artery pressure. RESULTS Our results showed that prohormone serum concentrations and pulmonary arterial pressures were significantly higher in the study group than in the control group at the preoperative evaluation. A significant decrease was detected among patients after surgery (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between the study and control groups for prohormone serum concentration and pulmonary arterial pressure at the postoperative evaluation (p>0.05). CONCLUSION We found increased serum prohormone levels and height pulmonary artery pressures in the children with adenoid and tonsil hypertrophy when comparing with healthy subjects. Our study supported that increased serum prohormone levels and pulmonary artery pressures as a result of adenoid and tonsil hypertrophy are reversible. Pediatric cardiologs and otolaryngologs should keep in mind an increased pulmonary artery pressure during management of children with adenoid and tonsil hypertrophy. Furthermore, Doppler echocardiography may be useful in the monitoring of pulmonary arterial pressure and in the follow-up of surgical outcome of children with adenoid and tonsil hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bulent Oran
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Selcuklu Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
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Woods DR, Begley J, Stacey M, Smith C, Boos CJ, Hooper T, Hawkins A, Hodkinson P, Green N, Mellor A. Severe acute mountain sickness, brain natriuretic peptide and NT-proBNP in humans. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2012; 205:349-55. [PMID: 22222437 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2012.02407.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Revised: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 12/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM To examine the response of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and NT-proBNP to high altitude (HA) both at rest and following exercise. METHODS We measured NT-proBNP and BNP and Lake Louise (LL) acute mountain sickness (AMS) scores in 20 subjects at rest in Kathmandu (Kat; 1300 m), following exercise and at rest at 4270 and 5150 m. RESULTS BNP and NT-proBNP (pg ml(-1) , mean ± SEM) rose significantly from Kat (9.2 ± 2 and 36.9 ± 6.6, respectively) to arrival at 4270 m after exercise (16.6 ± 4 and 152 ± 56.1, P=0.008 and P<0.001, respectively) and remained elevated the next morning at rest (28.9 ± 9 and 207.4 ± 65.1, P = 0.004 and P<0.001 respectively). At 5150, immediately following ascent/descent to 5643 m, BNP and NT-proBNP were 32.3 ± 8.8 and 301.1 ± 96.3 (P=0.003 and P<0.001 vs. Kat, respectively) and at rest the following morning were 33.3 ± 9.7 and 258.9 ± 89.5 (P=0.008 and P=0.001 vs. Kat respectively). NT-proBNP and BNP correlated strongly at 5150 m (ρ 0.905, P<0.001 and ρ 0.914, P<0.001 for resting and post-exercise samples respectively). At 5150 m, BNP levels were significantly higher among the four subjects with severe (LL score>6) AMS (58.4 ± 18.7) compared with those without (BNP 22.7 ± 8.6, P=0.048). There were significant correlations between change in body water from baseline to 5150 m with both BNP and NT-proBNP (ρ 0.77, P=0.001, ρ 0.745, P=0.002 respectively). CONCLUSION In conclusion, these data suggest that BNP and NT-proBNP increase with ascent to HA both after exercise and at rest. We also report the novel finding that BNP is significantly greater in those with severe AMS at 5150 m.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J. Begley
- Department of Biochemistry; Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Poole; UK
| | | | | | | | | | - A. Hawkins
- Department of Biochemistry; Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Poole; UK
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SCHERR JOHANNES, BRAUN SIEGMUND, SCHUSTER TIBOR, HARTMANN CHARLOTTE, MOEHLENKAMP STEFAN, WOLFARTH BERND, PRESSLER AXEL, HALLE MARTIN. 72-h Kinetics of High-Sensitive Troponin T and Inflammatory Markers after Marathon. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2011; 43:1819-27. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e31821b12eb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Başkurt M, Aktürk F, Keskin K, Canbolat P, Karadag B, Kaya A, Yildiz A, Coskun U, Kilickesmez K, Esen O, Muniboglu SK. Serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, amyloid associated protein and N-terminal proBNP levels do not predict reversible myocardial ischaemia. Cardiovasc J Afr 2011; 22:85-9. [PMID: 21556451 PMCID: PMC3721907 DOI: 10.5830/cvja-2010-041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 04/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to detect any relationship between serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), serum amyloid-associated protein (SAA) and N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels, and reversible myocardial ischaemia during cardiovascular exercise tests and to determine whether these biomarkers could predict transient myocardial ischaemia. METHODS Ninety-six patients (36 women, 60 men, mean age 57 ± 8.5 years) were included in the study. Venous blood samples were taken from patients before and 15 minutes after exercise testing. SAA and hs-CRP were analysed using immunonephelometric assays (Dade-Behring, BN II, Marburg, Germany). NT-proBNP (pg/ml) was determined using the immulite 1 000 chemiluminescence immunoassay system (Siemens Medical Solution Diagnostics, Deerfiled, USA). Forty-eight patients (18 women, 30 men) with positive exercise tests were allocated to the exercise-positive group and 48 (18 women, 30 men) with negative exercise tests were put in the exercise-negative group. Coronary angiography was performed on all patients in the exercise-positive group. RESULTS There was no difference between the levels of hs-CRP, SAA and NT-pro-BNP before and after exercise testing in both of the exercise groups. CONCLUSION Serum levels of hs-CRP, SAA and NT-proBNP could not predict the occurrence of reversible myocardial ischaemia during exercise. Large-scale clinical studies are needed to clarify the status of hs-CRP, SAA and NT-proBNP with exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Başkurt
- Cardiology Department, Institute of Cardiology, Istanbul University, Haseki, Istanbul.
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Fernhall B, Fahs CA, Horn G, Rowland T, Smith D. Acute effects of firefighting on cardiac performance. Eur J Appl Physiol 2011; 112:735-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-011-2033-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 05/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Effects of altitude exposure on brain natriuretic peptide in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol 2011; 111:2687-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-011-1881-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 02/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Woods D, Stacey M, Hill N, Alwis ND. Endocrine Aspects of High Altitude Acclimatization and Acute Mountain Sickness. J ROY ARMY MED CORPS 2011; 157:33-7. [DOI: 10.1136/jramc-157-01-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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