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HAMMOND D, STURGEON P, BERGREN W, CAVILES A. Definition of Cooley's Trait or Thalassemia Minor: Classical, Clinical and Routine Laboratory Hematology*. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006; 119:372-89. [PMID: 14219419 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1965.tb54040.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Abstract
Five cases of thalassaemia minor and 11 symptomless trait carriers have been detected in four Scottish families, only one of which is known to have foreign ancestry. It is suggested that the condition is commoner than was once thought, and that the diagnosis should be considered in any patient with refractory hypochromic anaemia in which the red cells show increased osmotic resistance.
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Higgs DR, Hunt DM, Drysdale HC, Clegg JB, Pressley L, Weatherall DJ. The genetic basis of Hb Q-H disease. Br J Haematol 1980; 46:387-400. [PMID: 7448125 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1980.tb05985.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A Chinese family has been studied in which two siblings have haemoglobin Q-H disease. Using a combination of haematological and haemoglobin analysis, globin chain synthesis, analysis of alpha/beta globin messenger RNA ratios and restriction endonuclease mapping, it has been shown that each of these siblings has received one chromosome on which both alpha chain genes have been deleted and another on which there is only a single alpha chain locus which carries the alpha Q mutation. Their genotype is thus --/-alpha Q. Despite the fact that the haemoglobin Q mutation in this family is carried on a chromosome with a single alpha chain locus, heterozygous carriers for the variant have only 25% or less haemoglobin Q. Our observations indicate that the molecular basis for haemoglobin Q-alpha thalassaemia is similar to that for the common form of haemoglobin H disease in Orientals. Furthermore, they provide clear evidence that the level of an alpha chain variant in heterozygous carriers is not a reliable reflection of the number of alpha globin genes.
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Abstract
The current concepts of alpha-thalassemia including incidence, genetics, clinical spectrum and diagnosis are reviewed. Speculation concerning clinical application of the molecular biology of alpha-thalassemia is also presented.
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Abstract
In Italian and Chinese patients with the alpha-thalassemia syndromes the production of alpha-chain of normal hemoglobin is decreased relative to that of beta-chain in reticulocytes. In this study the relative rates of alpha- and beta-chain synthesis were determined in members of three Negro families with alpha-thalassemia. Two of the families had members with hemoglobin H disease and alpha-thalassemia trait, while the mother of several children with alpha-thalassemia trait in the third family was doubly heterozygous for alpha-thalassemia and an alpha-chain mutant. The alpha/beta ratios of globin synthesis in the patients with hemoglobin H disease and alpha-thalassemia trait indicated less severe biochemical defects in the peripheral blood than those previously determined in Italian and Chinese patients. In the third family, there was a heterogeneity of expression of the gene for alpha-thalassemia, including patients with normal red cell indices and synthesis ratios. These findings differ from those previously described in patients with alpha-thalassemia from other racial groups. Hydrops fetalis due to homozygous alpha-thalassemia may not occur in the Negro because of the relatively mild thalassemic defect.
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Efremov GD, Wrightstone RN, Huisman TH, Schroeder WA, Hyman C, Ortega J, Williams K. An unusual hemoglobin anomaly and its relation to alpha-thalassemia and hemoglobin-H disease. J Clin Invest 1971; 50:1628-36. [PMID: 5097570 PMCID: PMC442062 DOI: 10.1172/jci106651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A Chinese family with hemoglobin H in the propositus has been reinvestigated. Although the original propositus is now deceased, a sister has the same hematological manifestations. Her hemoglobin, like that of the deceased sister, contains hemoglobins A, H, and Bart's. In addition, however, two minor components have been detected. These minor components appear to have abnormal alpha-chains and are also present in the maternal grandmother, the mother, a maternal aunt, and three other siblings but only in about one-tenth the amount. One of the minor components may be the same as Hb-Thai (25). The father has the characteristics of classical alpha-thalassemia. These results are discussed in relation to current concepts of alpha-thalassemia as they relate to "silent" and "classical" alpha-thalassemia and to possible multiple alpha-chain loci.
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Wasi P, Na-Nakorn S, Pootrakul S, Sookanek M, Disthasongchan P, Panich V, Pornpatkul M. Alpha- and beta-thalassemia in Thailand. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1969; 165:60-82. [PMID: 5260169 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1969.tb27777.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Kan YW, Schwartz E, Nathan DG. Globin chain synthesis in the alpha thalassemia syndromes. J Clin Invest 1968; 47:2512-22. [PMID: 5775343 PMCID: PMC297416 DOI: 10.1172/jci105933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole blood samples of patients with various forms of alpha thalassemia including hemoglobin H disease, alpha thalassemia trait, and the "silent carrier" state were incubated with leucine-(14)C for definition of relative rates of production of alpha and beta chains in these disorders. The chains were separated by carboxymethyl cellulose chromatography in the presence of 8 M urea and dithiothreitol. Their absorptions at 280 mmu were determined and their radioactivities measured in a liquid scintillation spectrometer. After correction for differences in extinction coefficients, the specific activities of the widely separated alpha and beta peaks were determined. In 11 nonthalassemic individuals, the alpha/beta specific activity ratios were found to be 1.02+/-0.07; in nine patients with alpha thalassemia trait, 0.77+/-0.05; in six patients with hemoglobin H disease, 0.41+/-0.11; and in four "silent carriers," 0.88 with a range of 0.82-0.95. The results show that in peripheral blood, alpha chain production relative to beta chain production is indeed limited in the alpha thalassemia syndromes. Hemoglobin H disease results from doubly heterozygous inheritance of a gene resulting in moderate depression of alpha chain production (alpha thalassemia trait) and a gene resulting in very mild depression of alpha chain production (the "silent carrier" syndrome."
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LEE RC, HUISMAN TH. BETA THALASSEMIA-HEMOGLOBIN D ALPHA. A FAMILY REPORT. Am J Hum Genet 1965; 17:148-55. [PMID: 14262132 PMCID: PMC1932371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
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FLATZ G, PIK C, SRINGAM S. Haemoglobinopathies in Thailand. II. INCIDENCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF ELEVATIONS OF HAEMOGLOBIN A2AND HAEMOGLOBIN F; A SURVEY OF 2790 PEOPLE. Br J Haematol 1965; 11:227-36. [PMID: 14262182 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1965.tb06582.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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FLATZ G, PIK C, SRINGAM S. Haemoglobinopathies in Thailand. I. A STUDY OF PATIENTS WITH THE THALASSAEMIA SYNDROME AND THEIR FAMILIES. Br J Haematol 1965; 11:216-26. [PMID: 14262181 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1965.tb06581.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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TUCHINDA S, RUCKNAGEL DL, MINNICH V, BOONYAPRAKOB U, BALANKURA K, SUVATEE V. THE COEXISTENCE OF THE GENES FOR HEMOGLOBIN E AND ALPHA-THALASSEMIA IN THAIS, WITH RESULTANT SUPPRESSION OF HEMOGLOBIN E SYNTHESIS. Am J Hum Genet 1964; 16:311-35. [PMID: 14207548 PMCID: PMC1932478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
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BEAVEN GH, GRATZER WB, STEVENS BL, SHOOTER EM, ELLIS MJ, WHITE JC, GILLESPIE JE. An Abnormal Haemoglobin (Lepore/Cyprus) Resembling Haemoglobin-Lepore and its Interaction with Thalassaemia. Br J Haematol 1964; 10:159-70. [PMID: 14141615 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1964.tb00691.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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