1
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Proia-Lelouey N, Boissel A. Being a caregiver of a relative with a prolonged disorder of consciousness living at home: A scoping review. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2022; 33:718-744. [PMID: 35195048 DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2022.2042330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
As recent reviews of the literature have shown, a growing number of studies have focused on the burden of caregivers of people living with a prolonged disorder of consciousness. However, none of these reviews have focused specifically on caregivers in the home care setting. It is therefore difficult to have a state of knowledge specific to this setting, even though many POCD patients live at home once their condition has stabilized. For this reason, we decided, after completing recent literature reviews, to conduct a quantitative and qualitative analysis of publications presenting data on the quality of life of caregivers whose relative with PDOC lives at home. While all the studies agree that the presence of a person with PDOC is a heavy burden for the caregiver, some authors refute the idea defended by others that this burden is the same whether the patient lives at home or in care facilities. All the studies also stress the need for public material and organisational assistance, without which caregivers find themselves in a state of great financial and psychological distress. Such support would also help to strengthen internal resilience factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Boissel
- Department of Psychology, University of Rouen, Rouen, France
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2
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Mikaeloff F, Svensson Akusjärvi S, Ikomey GM, Krishnan S, Sperk M, Gupta S, Magdaleno GDV, Escós A, Lyonga E, Okomo MC, Tagne CT, Babu H, Lorson CL, Végvári Á, Banerjea AC, Kele J, Hanna LE, Singh K, de Magalhães JP, Benfeitas R, Neogi U. Trans cohort metabolic reprogramming towards glutaminolysis in long-term successfully treated HIV-infection. Commun Biol 2022; 5:27. [PMID: 35017663 PMCID: PMC8752762 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02985-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite successful combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), persistent low-grade immune activation together with inflammation and toxic antiretroviral drugs can lead to long-lasting metabolic flexibility and adaptation in people living with HIV (PLWH). Our study investigated alterations in the plasma metabolic profiles by comparing PLWH on long-term cART(>5 years) and matched HIV-negative controls (HC) in two cohorts from low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), Cameroon, and India, respectively, to understand the system-level dysregulation in HIV-infection. Using untargeted and targeted LC-MS/MS-based metabolic profiling and applying advanced system biology methods, an altered amino acid metabolism, more specifically to glutaminolysis in PLWH than HC were reported. A significantly lower level of neurosteroids was observed in both cohorts and could potentiate neurological impairments in PLWH. Further, modulation of cellular glutaminolysis promoted increased cell death and latency reversal in pre-monocytic HIV-1 latent cell model U1, which may be essential for the clearance of the inducible reservoir in HIV-integrated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Mikaeloff
- The Systems Virology Lab, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, ANA Futura, Campus Flemingsberg, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Svensson Akusjärvi
- The Systems Virology Lab, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, ANA Futura, Campus Flemingsberg, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - George Mondinde Ikomey
- Center for the Study and Control of Communicable Diseases (CSCCD), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box. 8445, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department of Microbiology, Haematology, Parasitology and Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Shuba Krishnan
- The Systems Virology Lab, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, ANA Futura, Campus Flemingsberg, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maike Sperk
- The Systems Virology Lab, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, ANA Futura, Campus Flemingsberg, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Soham Gupta
- The Systems Virology Lab, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, ANA Futura, Campus Flemingsberg, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gustavo Daniel Vega Magdaleno
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Alejandra Escós
- The Systems Virology Lab, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, ANA Futura, Campus Flemingsberg, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emilia Lyonga
- Center for the Study and Control of Communicable Diseases (CSCCD), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box. 8445, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department of Microbiology, Haematology, Parasitology and Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Marie Claire Okomo
- Center for the Study and Control of Communicable Diseases (CSCCD), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box. 8445, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department of Microbiology, Haematology, Parasitology and Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Claude Tayou Tagne
- Department of Microbiology, Haematology, Parasitology and Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Hemalatha Babu
- Department of HIV/AIDS, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, ICMR, Chennai, 600031, India
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Christian L Lorson
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Ákos Végvári
- Division of Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Akhil C Banerjea
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Julianna Kele
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Neurovascular Biology and Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luke Elizabeth Hanna
- Department of HIV/AIDS, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, ICMR, Chennai, 600031, India
| | - Kamal Singh
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - João Pedro de Magalhães
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Rui Benfeitas
- National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden (NBIS), Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, S-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ujjwal Neogi
- The Systems Virology Lab, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, ANA Futura, Campus Flemingsberg, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Manipal Institute of Virology (MIV), Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
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3
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Winick-Ng W, Kukalev A, Harabula I, Zea-Redondo L, Szabó D, Meijer M, Serebreni L, Zhang Y, Bianco S, Chiariello AM, Irastorza-Azcarate I, Thieme CJ, Sparks TM, Carvalho S, Fiorillo L, Musella F, Irani E, Torlai Triglia E, Kolodziejczyk AA, Abentung A, Apostolova G, Paul EJ, Franke V, Kempfer R, Akalin A, Teichmann SA, Dechant G, Ungless MA, Nicodemi M, Welch L, Castelo-Branco G, Pombo A. Cell-type specialization is encoded by specific chromatin topologies. Nature 2021; 599:684-691. [PMID: 34789882 PMCID: PMC8612935 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04081-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The three-dimensional (3D) structure of chromatin is intrinsically associated with gene regulation and cell function1-3. Methods based on chromatin conformation capture have mapped chromatin structures in neuronal systems such as in vitro differentiated neurons, neurons isolated through fluorescence-activated cell sorting from cortical tissues pooled from different animals and from dissociated whole hippocampi4-6. However, changes in chromatin organization captured by imaging, such as the relocation of Bdnf away from the nuclear periphery after activation7, are invisible with such approaches8. Here we developed immunoGAM, an extension of genome architecture mapping (GAM)2,9, to map 3D chromatin topology genome-wide in specific brain cell types, without tissue disruption, from single animals. GAM is a ligation-free technology that maps genome topology by sequencing the DNA content from thin (about 220 nm) nuclear cryosections. Chromatin interactions are identified from the increased probability of co-segregation of contacting loci across a collection of nuclear slices. ImmunoGAM expands the scope of GAM to enable the selection of specific cell types using low cell numbers (approximately 1,000 cells) within a complex tissue and avoids tissue dissociation2,10. We report cell-type specialized 3D chromatin structures at multiple genomic scales that relate to patterns of gene expression. We discover extensive 'melting' of long genes when they are highly expressed and/or have high chromatin accessibility. The contacts most specific of neuron subtypes contain genes associated with specialized processes, such as addiction and synaptic plasticity, which harbour putative binding sites for neuronal transcription factors within accessible chromatin regions. Moreover, sensory receptor genes are preferentially found in heterochromatic compartments in brain cells, which establish strong contacts across tens of megabases. Our results demonstrate that highly specific chromatin conformations in brain cells are tightly related to gene regulation mechanisms and specialized functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren Winick-Ng
- Max-Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Epigenetic Regulation and Chromatin Architecture Group, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Alexander Kukalev
- Max-Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Epigenetic Regulation and Chromatin Architecture Group, Berlin, Germany
| | - Izabela Harabula
- Max-Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Epigenetic Regulation and Chromatin Architecture Group, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luna Zea-Redondo
- Max-Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Epigenetic Regulation and Chromatin Architecture Group, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominik Szabó
- Max-Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Epigenetic Regulation and Chromatin Architecture Group, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mandy Meijer
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leonid Serebreni
- Max-Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Epigenetic Regulation and Chromatin Architecture Group, Berlin, Germany
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Yingnan Zhang
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Simona Bianco
- Dipartimentio di Fisica, Università di Napoli Federico II, and INFN Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea M Chiariello
- Dipartimentio di Fisica, Università di Napoli Federico II, and INFN Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Naples, Italy
| | - Ibai Irastorza-Azcarate
- Max-Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Epigenetic Regulation and Chromatin Architecture Group, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph J Thieme
- Max-Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Epigenetic Regulation and Chromatin Architecture Group, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas M Sparks
- Max-Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Epigenetic Regulation and Chromatin Architecture Group, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sílvia Carvalho
- Max-Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Epigenetic Regulation and Chromatin Architecture Group, Berlin, Germany
- UCIBIO, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Graduate Program in Areas of Basic and Applied Biology, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luca Fiorillo
- Dipartimentio di Fisica, Università di Napoli Federico II, and INFN Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Musella
- Dipartimentio di Fisica, Università di Napoli Federico II, and INFN Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Naples, Italy
| | - Ehsan Irani
- Max-Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Epigenetic Regulation and Chromatin Architecture Group, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elena Torlai Triglia
- Max-Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Epigenetic Regulation and Chromatin Architecture Group, Berlin, Germany
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Aleksandra A Kolodziejczyk
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Andreas Abentung
- Institute for Neuroscience, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Galina Apostolova
- Institute for Neuroscience, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Eleanor J Paul
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Center for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- MRC Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Vedran Franke
- Max-Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Bioinformatics and Omics Data Science Platform, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rieke Kempfer
- Max-Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Epigenetic Regulation and Chromatin Architecture Group, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Altuna Akalin
- Max-Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Bioinformatics and Omics Data Science Platform, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah A Teichmann
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Georg Dechant
- Institute for Neuroscience, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mark A Ungless
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mario Nicodemi
- Dipartimentio di Fisica, Università di Napoli Federico II, and INFN Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Naples, Italy
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lonnie Welch
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Gonçalo Castelo-Branco
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Stockholm node, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ana Pombo
- Max-Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Epigenetic Regulation and Chromatin Architecture Group, Berlin, Germany.
- Institute of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
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4
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Sheng X, Guan Y, Ma Z, Wu J, Liu H, Qiu C, Vitale S, Miao Z, Seasock MJ, Palmer M, Shin MK, Duffin KL, Pullen SS, Edwards TL, Hellwege JN, Hung AM, Li M, Voight BF, Coffman TM, Brown CD, Susztak K. Mapping the genetic architecture of human traits to cell types in the kidney identifies mechanisms of disease and potential treatments. Nat Genet 2021; 53:1322-1333. [PMID: 34385711 PMCID: PMC9338440 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-021-00909-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The functional interpretation of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) is challenging due to the cell-type-dependent influences of genetic variants. Here, we generated comprehensive maps of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) for 659 microdissected human kidney samples and identified cell-type-eQTLs by mapping interactions between cell type abundances and genotypes. By partitioning heritability using stratified linkage disequilibrium score regression to integrate GWAS with single-cell RNA sequencing and single-nucleus assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing data, we prioritized proximal tubules for kidney function and endothelial cells and distal tubule segments for blood pressure pathogenesis. Bayesian colocalization analysis nominated more than 200 genes for kidney function and hypertension. Our study clarifies the mechanism of commonly used antihypertensive and renal-protective drugs and identifies drug repurposing opportunities for kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Sheng
- Department of Medicine, Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yuting Guan
- Department of Medicine, Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ziyuan Ma
- Department of Medicine, Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Junnan Wu
- Department of Medicine, Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hongbo Liu
- Department of Medicine, Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chengxiang Qiu
- Department of Medicine, Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Steven Vitale
- Department of Medicine, Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zhen Miao
- Department of Medicine, Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew J Seasock
- Department of Medicine, Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew Palmer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Kevin L Duffin
- Eli Lilly and Company Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Steven S Pullen
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Todd L Edwards
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jacklyn N Hellwege
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Adriana M Hung
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mingyao Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin F Voight
- Institute of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Thomas M Coffman
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Katalin Susztak
- Department of Medicine, Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Institute of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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5
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Wagner DE, Klein AM. Lineage tracing meets single-cell omics: opportunities and challenges. Nat Rev Genet 2020; 21:410-427. [PMID: 32235876 PMCID: PMC7307462 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-020-0223-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A fundamental goal of developmental and stem cell biology is to map the developmental history (ontogeny) of differentiated cell types. Recent advances in high-throughput single-cell sequencing technologies have enabled the construction of comprehensive transcriptional atlases of adult tissues and of developing embryos from measurements of up to millions of individual cells. Parallel advances in sequencing-based lineage-tracing methods now facilitate the mapping of clonal relationships onto these landscapes and enable detailed comparisons between molecular and mitotic histories. Here we review recent progress and challenges, as well as the opportunities that emerge when these two complementary representations of cellular history are synthesized into integrated models of cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Wagner
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, Center for Reproductive Sciences, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Allon M Klein
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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6
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Amezquita RA, Lun ATL, Becht E, Carey VJ, Carpp LN, Geistlinger L, Marini F, Rue-Albrecht K, Risso D, Soneson C, Waldron L, Pagès H, Smith ML, Huber W, Morgan M, Gottardo R, Hicks SC. Orchestrating single-cell analysis with Bioconductor. Nat Methods 2020; 17:137-145. [PMID: 31792435 PMCID: PMC7358058 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-019-0654-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 398] [Impact Index Per Article: 99.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent technological advancements have enabled the profiling of a large number of genome-wide features in individual cells. However, single-cell data present unique challenges that require the development of specialized methods and software infrastructure to successfully derive biological insights. The Bioconductor project has rapidly grown to meet these demands, hosting community-developed open-source software distributed as R packages. Featuring state-of-the-art computational methods, standardized data infrastructure and interactive data visualization tools, we present an overview and online book (https://osca.bioconductor.org) of single-cell methods for prospective users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron T L Lun
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genentech Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Etienne Becht
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Vince J Carey
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham And Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Ludwig Geistlinger
- Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Federico Marini
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Davide Risso
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charlotte Soneson
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Levi Waldron
- Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hervé Pagès
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mike L Smith
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Huber
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Morgan
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - Stephanie C Hicks
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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7
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Abstract
Sensory stimulation of the severely head injured patient in coma is a controversial topic. There are sound theoretical and experimental bases which suggest the potential importance of stimulation in the acute stage after injury. In the continued absence of any efficacious treatment to improve outcome, the authors consider that it is time to try more diverse approaches to helping the severely head injured patient. Occupational therapists are in a unique position to pursue this goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Johnson
- Senior Clinical Psychologist, Department of Neuropsychology, Atkinson Morley's Hospital, London
| | - Karen Roethig-Johnston
- Research Psychologist, Department of Neuropsychology, Atkinson Morley's Hospital, London
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- EA Freeman
- 31 Norma Road, Palm Beach 2108, Australia
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9
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Eilander HJ, van de Wiel M, Wijers M, van Heugten CM, Buljevac D, Lavrijsen JCM, Hoenderdaal PL, de Letter-van der Heide L, Wijnen VJM, Scheirs JGM, de Kort PLM, Prevo AJH. The reliability and validity of the PALOC-s: a post-acute level of consciousness scale for assessment of young patients with prolonged disturbed consciousness after brain injury. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2009; 19:1-27. [PMID: 18609020 DOI: 10.1080/09602010701694822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was the validation of the Post-Acute Level of Consciousness scale (PALOC-s) for use in assessing levels of consciousness of severe brain injured patients in a vegetative state or in a minimally conscious state. A cohort of 44 successively admitted patients (between 2 and 25 years of age), who were treated in an early intensive neurorehabilitation programme, were included in the study. Each patient was examined, using the Western Neuro Sensory Stimulation Profile (WNSSP) and the Disability Rating Scale (DRS), once every two weeks resulting in 327 examinations (all videotaped). To determine the reliability of the PALOC-s, six observers rated one videotape of each patient. One of the observers rated the same tapes a second time, 3-4 months later. Validity was determined by correlating 100 ratings of one observer with the scores on the WNSSP and the DRS. To determine the responsiveness of the PALOC-s, the size of change between the scores of the first and last examinations was calculated. The inter-observer correlations and agreement scores varied between .82 and .95. The intra-observer correlation and agreement scores varied between .94 and .96. Correlations with the WNSSP varied between .88 and .93, and with the DRS between .75 and .88. The responsiveness was significantly high (t=8.2), with a standardised effect size of 1.30. It is concluded that the PALOC-s is a reliable, valid, and responsive observation instrument provided it is administered after a structured assessment by an experienced and trained clinician. The PALOC-s is feasible for use in clinical management, as well as in outcome research.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Eilander
- Rehabilitation Centre Leijpark, Division Research, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
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Cummins RA. Coma arousal and sensory stimulation: An evaluation of the doman-delacato approach. AUSTRALIAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00050069208257582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Cranford RE. Withdrawing artificial feeding from children with brain damage. BMJ (CLINICAL RESEARCH ED.) 1995; 311:464-5. [PMID: 7647631 PMCID: PMC2550539 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.311.7003.464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Abstract
This consensus statement of the Multi-Society Task Force summarizes current knowledge of the medical aspects of the persistent vegetative state in adults and children. The vegetative state is a clinical condition of complete unawareness of the self and the environment, accompanied by sleep-wake cycles, with either complete or partial preservation of hypothalamic and brain-stem autonomic functions. In addition, patients in a vegetative state show no evidence of sustained, reproducible, purposeful, or voluntary behavioral responses to visual, auditory, tactile, or noxious stimuli; show no evidence of language comprehension or expression; have bowel and bladder incontinence; and have variably preserved cranial-nerve and spinal reflexes. We define persistent vegetative state as a vegetative state present one month after acute traumatic or nontraumatic brain injury or lasting for at least one month in patients with degenerative or metabolic disorders or developmental malformations. The clinical course and outcome of a persistent vegetative state depend on its cause. Three categories of disorder can cause such a state: acute traumatic and non-traumatic brain injuries; degenerative and metabolic brain disorders, and severe congenital malformations of the nervous system. Recovery of consciousness from a posttraumatic persistent vegetative state is unlikely after 12 months in adults and children. Recovery from a nontraumatic persistent vegetative state after three months is exceedingly rare in both adults and children. Patients with degenerative or metabolic disorders or congenital malformations who remain in a persistent vegetative state for several months are unlikely to recover consciousness. The life span of adults and children in such a state is substantially reduced. For most such patients, life expectancy ranges from 2 to 5 years; survival beyond 10 years is unusual.
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Johnson DA, Roethig-Johnston K, Richards D. Biochemical and physiological parameters of recovery in acute severe head injury: responses to multisensory stimulation. Brain Inj 1993; 7:491-9. [PMID: 7903180 DOI: 10.3109/02699059309008176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the efficacy of applying a programme of multisensory stimulation to patients with severe diffuse traumatic brain injury, during their admission to a tertiary neurosurgical intensive care unit. We attempted to determine the nature and extent of any physiological or biochemical changes occurring as a result of the multisensory stimulation in the initial period of their comatose state. The findings were inconclusive with no significant treatment effect demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Johnson
- Department of Psychology, Atkinson Morley's Hospital, UK
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Persistent vegetative state: report of the American Neurological Association Committee on Ethical Affairs. ANA Committee on Ethical Affairs. Ann Neurol 1993; 33:386-90. [PMID: 8489209 DOI: 10.1002/ana.410330409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Ashwal S, Bale JF, Coulter DL, Eiben R, Garg BP, Hill A, Myer EC, Nordgren RE, Shewmon DA, Sunder TR. The persistent vegetative state in children: report of the Child Neurology Society Ethics Committee. Ann Neurol 1992; 32:570-6. [PMID: 1456742 DOI: 10.1002/ana.410320414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Increasing concern about children in a persistent vegetative state (PVS) prompted a survey of members of the Child Neurology Society regarding aspects of the diagnosis and management of this disorder. Major findings of those responding to this survey (26% response rate) were as follows: (1) 93% believed that a diagnosis of PVS can be made in children, but only 16% believed that this applied to infants younger than 2 months and 70% in the 2-month to 2-year group; (2) a period of 3 to 6 months was believed to be the minimum observation period required before a diagnosis of PVS could be made; (3) 86% believed that the age of the patient would affect the duration of time needed to make the diagnosis of PVS; (4) 78% thought a diagnosis of PVS could be made in children with severe congenital brain malformations; (5) 75% believed that neurodiagnostic studies would be of value and supportive of the clinical diagnosis of PVS; (6) members' opinions as to the average life expectancy (in years) for the following age groups after the patients were considered vegetative were: newborn to 2 months, 4.1; 2 months to 2 years, 5.5; 2 to 7 years, 7.3; and more than 7 years, 7.4; (7) 20% believed that infants and children in a PVS experience pain and suffering; and (8) 75% "never" withhold fluid and nutrition from infants and children in a PVS and 28% "always" give medication for pain and suffering.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ashwal
- Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA 92350
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Sazbon L, Groswasser Z. Outcome in 134 patients with prolonged posttraumatic unawareness. Part 1: Parameters determining late recovery of consciousness. J Neurosurg 1990; 72:75-80. [PMID: 2294188 DOI: 10.3171/jns.1990.72.1.0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A retrospective study of 134 patients in a condition of prolonged unawareness state (that is, in coma for over 1 month) following brain trauma was conducted in order to identify prognostic factors. Eight easily evaluated parameters were found to be significant for predicting nonrecovery of consciousness. The following six features were present during the early posttraumatic phase (that is, during the 1st week after trauma): fever of central origin; diffuse body sweating; disturbances in antidiuretic hormone secretion; abnormal motor reactivity; respiratory disturbances; and diffuse nonneurological injuries. The first three features were manifestations of hypothalamic damage. Two factors, evident at a late phase following injury (after the 1st week posttrauma), namely late epilepsy and communicating hydrocephalus, were also significant in predicting nonrecovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sazbon
- Loewenstein Rehabilitation Hospital, Ra'anana, Israel
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Lantos JD, Miles SH, Cassel CK. The Linares affair. LAW, MEDICINE & HEALTH CARE : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF LAW & MEDICINE 1989; 17:308-15. [PMID: 2628645 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-720x.1989.tb01110.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
On August 2, 1988, 6-month-old Samuel Linares aspirated a balloon at a birthday party and was unconscious and blue when his father, Rudolfo, found him. Nine months later, his father used a gun to keep medical staff at bay while he disconnected the respirator keeping his comatose son alive. Mr. Linares ignited much soul-searching among pediatricians, lawyers, and ethicists about treatment decisions for profoundly damaged children.Public discussion of the ethics of forgoing life support in pediatric care moves like a pendulum betweeen fear of inappropriately allowing children to die and fear of unrestrained life-supporting technology. In the early 1970s, physicians’ and theologians challenged accepted tenets of law and ethics by proposing that pediatricians should allow critically ill or severely disabled babies to die without the most aggressive use of technology. By 1982, Baby Doe caught the nation's moral imagination and raised the possibility that withholding or withdrawing life-sustaining procedures amounted to sanctioned infanticide. This concern led to restrictions on the right of parents and doctors to decide to discontinue treatment. Public sympathy for Mr. Linares suggests that the pendulum may be swinging back toward a less restrictive public policy about forgoing life-sustaining treatment in children.
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Gross F. The Pasteur Institute. Lancet 1987; 2:789-90. [PMID: 2888998 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(87)92513-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F Gross
- Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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O'Conor N. Personal view:. BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 1985; 291:50. [PMID: 11652445 PMCID: PMC1416145 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.291.6487.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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