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Paudel D, Dhungana B, Caffe M, Krishnan P. A Review of Health-Beneficial Properties of Oats. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112591. [PMID: 34828872 PMCID: PMC8625765 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Oat is among the food crops and ancient grains cultivated and consumed worldwide. It is gaining in popularity owing to its nutritional composition and multifunctional benefits of select bioactive compounds. Beta-glucan is an important component of dietary fiber found in oat grains. It is the major active compound in oats with proven cholesterol-lowering and antidiabetic effects. Oats also provide substantial levels of other bioactive compounds such as phenolic acids, tocols, sterols, avenacosides, and avenanthramides. The consumption of oats has been determined to be beneficial for human health by promoting immunomodulation and improving gut microbiota. In addition, oat consumption assists in preventing diseases such as atherosclerosis, dermatitis, and some forms of cancer. While much has been published in relation to oat nutrients and oat fibers and their impact on major diseases, the oat industries and consumers may benefit from greater knowledge and understanding of clinical effects, range of occurrence, distribution, therapeutic doses and food functional attributes of other oat bioactives such as avenanthramides and saponins as well as other anti-inflammatory agents found in the cereal. This review focuses on the various studies relevant to the contribution of the consumption of oats and oat-based products in preventing human diseases and promoting human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devendra Paudel
- Dairy and Food Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA;
| | - Bandana Dhungana
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA; (B.D.); (M.C.)
| | - Melanie Caffe
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA; (B.D.); (M.C.)
| | - Padmanaban Krishnan
- Dairy and Food Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA;
- Correspondence:
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Eustis SJ, Turner-McGrievy G, Adams SA, Hébert JR. Measuring and Leveraging Motives and Values in Dietary Interventions. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051452. [PMID: 33922896 PMCID: PMC8146333 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Why measure and leverage food motives and values? Every failure and every success in dietary change can be connected to motivation. Therefore, this research question naturally arises: How can food motives and values be measured and leveraged to improve diet outcomes from the individual to populations? There are four ways that food motives and values (FMVs) can assist researchers and health professionals. First, FMVs can help to create a personalized approach to dietary change. Second, FMVs can inform content for dietary interventions. Third, these FMV measures can be used in data analysis to elucidate differences in adherence and outcomes among participants. Fourth, public health nutrition messages can be tailored using information on FMVs. Each of these uses has the potential to further the literature and inform future efforts to improve diet. A central aim of our study is to provide specific examples and recommendations on how to measure and leverage FMVs. To do so, we reviewed 12 measures included in the literature citing the Food Choice Questionnaire by Steptoe, Pollard, and Wardle, which was identified as the earliest, highly cited article appearing under the search terms “food motives” AND “food values” AND “eating behavior” AND “measure”. Specific details on how articles were selected from the citing literature are described in the Methods section. We also expound on our reasoning for including the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire, which made for 13 measures in total. Our main finding is that each measure has strengths and shortcomings to consider in using FMVs to inform nutritional recommendations at different levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Eustis
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (G.T.-M.); (S.A.A.); (J.R.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Gabrielle Turner-McGrievy
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (G.T.-M.); (S.A.A.); (J.R.H.)
- Department of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Swann A. Adams
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (G.T.-M.); (S.A.A.); (J.R.H.)
- College of Nursing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - James R. Hébert
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (G.T.-M.); (S.A.A.); (J.R.H.)
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
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3
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Weber B, He Z, Yang N, Playford MP, Weisenfeld D, Iannaccone C, Coblyn J, Weinblatt M, Shadick N, Di Carli M, Mehta NN, Plutzky J, Liao KP. Divergence of Cardiovascular Biomarkers of Lipids and Subclinical Myocardial Injury Among Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients With Increased Inflammation. Arthritis Rheumatol 2021; 73:970-979. [PMID: 33615723 DOI: 10.1002/art.41613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are 1.5 times more likely to develop cardiovascular disease (CVD) attributed to chronic inflammation. A decrease in inflammation in patients with RA is associated with increased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. This study was undertaken to prospectively evaluate the changes in lipid levels among RA patients experiencing changes in inflammation and determine the association with concomitant temporal patterns in markers of myocardial injury. METHODS A total of 196 patients were evaluated in a longitudinal RA cohort, with blood samples and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels measured annually. Patients were stratified based on whether they experienced either a significant increase in inflammation (an increase in hsCRP of ≥10 mg/liter between any 2 time points 1 year apart; designated the increased inflammation cohort [n = 103]) or decrease in inflammation (a decrease in hsCRP of ≥10 mg/liter between any 2 time points 1 year apart; designated the decreased inflammation cohort [n = 93]). Routine and advanced lipids, markers of inflammation (interleukin-6, hsCRP, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor II), and markers of subclinical myocardial injury (high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T [hs-cTnT], N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide) were measured. RESULTS Among the patients in the increased inflammation cohort, the mean age was 59 years, 81% were women, and the mean RA disease duration was 17.9 years. The average increase in hsCRP levels was 36 mg/liter, and this increase was associated with significant reductions in LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, total cholesterol, apolipoprotein (Apo B), and Apo A-I levels. In the increased inflammation cohort at baseline, 45.6% of patients (47 of 103) had detectable circulating hs-cTnT, which further increased during inflammation (P = 0.02). In the decreased inflammation cohort, hs-cTnT levels remained stable despite a reduction in inflammation over follow-up. In both cohorts, hs-cTnT levels were associated with the overall estimated risk of CVD. CONCLUSION Among RA patients who experienced an increase in inflammation, a significant decrease in routinely measured lipids, including LDL cholesterol, and an increase in markers of subclinical myocardial injury were observed. These findings highlight the divergence in biomarkers of CVD risk and suggest a role in future studies examining the benefit of including hs-cTnT for CVD risk stratification in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Weber
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zeling He
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nicole Yang
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Dana Weisenfeld
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Jonathan Coblyn
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael Weinblatt
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nancy Shadick
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marcelo Di Carli
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nehal N Mehta
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jorge Plutzky
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Katherine P Liao
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
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More S, Bambidis V, Benford D, Bragard C, Hernandez‐Jerez A, Bennekou SH, Koutsoumanis K, Machera K, Naegeli H, Nielsen SS, Schlatter JR, Schrenk D, Silano V, Turck D, Younes M, Fletcher T, Greiner M, Ntzani E, Pearce N, Vinceti M, Ciccolallo L, Georgiadis M, Gervelmeyer A, Halldorsson TI. Draft for internal testing Scientific Committee guidance on appraising and integrating evidence from epidemiological studies for use in EFSA's scientific assessments. EFSA J 2020; 18:e06221. [PMID: 32831946 PMCID: PMC7433401 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
EFSA requested its Scientific Committee to prepare a guidance document on appraising and integrating evidence from epidemiological studies for use in EFSA's scientific assessments. The guidance document provides an introduction to epidemiological studies and illustrates the typical biases of the different epidemiological study designs. It describes key epidemiological concepts relevant for evidence appraisal. Regarding study reliability, measures of association, exposure assessment, statistical inferences, systematic error and effect modification are explained. Regarding study relevance, the guidance describes the concept of external validity. The principles of appraising epidemiological studies are illustrated, and an overview of Risk of Bias (RoB) tools is given. A decision tree is developed to assist in the selection of the appropriate Risk of Bias tool, depending on study question, population and design. The customisation of the study appraisal process is explained, detailing the use of RoB tools and assessing the risk of bias in the body of evidence. Several examples of appraising experimental and observational studies using a Risk of Bias tool are annexed to the document to illustrate the application of the approach. This document constitutes a draft that will be applied in EFSA's assessments during a 1-year pilot phase and be revised and complemented as necessary. Before finalisation of the document, a public consultation will be launched.
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Lieberman HR, Fulgoni VL, Agarwal S, Pasiakos SM, Berryman CE. Protein intake is more stable than carbohydrate or fat intake across various US demographic groups and international populations. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 112:180-186. [PMID: 32297956 PMCID: PMC7326590 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The optimal macronutrient composition of the diet is controversial and many adults attempt to regulate the intake of specific macronutrients for various health-related reasons. OBJECTIVE The objective was to compare stability and ranges of intakes of different macronutrients across diverse adult populations in the USA and globally. METHODS US dietary intake data from NHANES 2009-2014 were used to determine macronutrient intake as a percentage of total energy intake. Variability in macronutrient intake was estimated by calculating the difference between 75th and 25th percentile (Q3-Q1) IQRs of macronutrient intake distributions. In addition, intake data from 13 other countries with per capita gross domestic product (GDP) over $10,000 US dollars (USD) were used to assess variability of intake internationally since there are large differences in types of foods consumed in different countries. RESULTS Protein, carbohydrate, and fat intake (NHANES 2009-2014) was 15.7 ± 0.1, 48.1 ± 0.1, and 32.9 ± 0.1% kcal, respectively, in US adults. The IQR of protein intake distribution (3.73 ± 0.11% kcal) was 41% of carbohydrate intake distribution (9.18 ± 0.20% kcal) and 58% of fat intake distribution (6.40 ± 0.14% kcal). The IQRs of carbohydrate and fat intake distributions were significantly (P <0.01) influenced by age and race; however, the IQR of protein intake was not associated with demographic and lifestyle factors including sex, race, income, physical activity, and body weight. International mean protein intake was 16.3 ± 0.2% kcal, similar to US intake, and there was less variation in protein than carbohydrate or fat intake. CONCLUSION Protein intake of the US population and multiple international populations, regardless of demographic and lifestyle factors, was consistently ∼16% of total energy, suggesting biological control mechanism(s) tightly regulate protein intake and, consequently, influence intake of other macronutrients and food constituents. Substantial differences in intake of the other macronutrients observed in US and international populations had little influence on protein intake. This trial was registered at the ISRCTN registry as ISRCTN46157745 (https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN4615774).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sanjiv Agarwal
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Belcamp, MD, USA
| | - Stefan M Pasiakos
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
| | - Claire E Berryman
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA,Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Belcamp, MD, USA,Department of Nutrition, Food, and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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6
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Jayne JM, Blake CE, Frongillo EA, Liese AD, Cai B, Nelson DA, Kurina LM, Funderburk L. Stressful Life Changes and Their Relationship to Nutrition-Related Health Outcomes Among US Army Soldiers. J Prim Prev 2020; 41:171-189. [PMID: 32124157 DOI: 10.1007/s10935-020-00583-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Stressful life changes may tax people's adaptive capacity. We sought to determine if and when experiences of stressful life changes were associated with increased odds of adverse nutrition-related health outcomes among US Army soldiers relative to those who did not experience the same stressful life change. An additional aim was to determine which stressful life changes had the greatest association with these outcomes and if there were gender differences in the magnitude of the associations. Stressful life changes studied included: changes in marital status, combat deployment or return from deployment, relocation, adding a child, change in rank, change in occupation, and development of a physical limitation to duty. Using longitudinal data from the Stanford Military Data Repository, which represents all active-duty soldiers aged 17-62 between 2011 and 2014 (n = 827,126), we employed an event history analysis to examine associations between stressful life changes and a subsequent diagnosis of hyperlipidemia, substantial weight gain, and weight-related separation from the Army. Marriage was associated with an increase in the odds of substantial weight gain 3 months later for both men and women. Developing a physical duty limitation was associated with an increase in the odds of a hyperlipidemia diagnosis 2 months later for both men and women, as was substantial weight gain 2 months later. Stressful life changes were also associated with increased odds of nutrition-related health outcomes, although we found gender differences in the magnitude of the associations. Findings could be used to mitigate the effects of stress on health by health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianna M Jayne
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC, 29201, USA. .,Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Green Avenue, Natick, MA, 01760, USA.
| | - Christine E Blake
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC, 29201, USA
| | - Edward A Frongillo
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC, 29201, USA
| | - Angela D Liese
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC, 29201, USA
| | - Bo Cai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC, 29201, USA
| | - D Alan Nelson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Lianne M Kurina
- Department of Medicine, Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - LesLee Funderburk
- Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97346, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
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7
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The Effects of a New Generation of Nutraceutical Compounds on Lipid Profile and Glycaemia in Subjects with Pre-hypertension. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2019; 26:345-350. [DOI: 10.1007/s40292-019-00332-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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8
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Inclusion of avocado ( Persea americana ) seeds in the diet to improve carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.raem.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Rees
- Assistant professor Therapeutics and Prescribing, University of Nottingham
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10
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Brignardello J, Holmes E, Garcia-Perez I. Metabolic Phenotyping of Diet and Dietary Intake. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2017; 81:231-270. [PMID: 28317606 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Nutrition provides the building blocks for growth, repair, and maintenance of the body and is key to maintaining health. Exposure to fast foods, mass production of dietary components, and wider importation of goods have challenged the balance between diet and health in recent decades, and both scientists and clinicians struggle to characterize the relationship between this changing dietary landscape and human metabolism with its consequent impact on health. Metabolic phenotyping of foods, using high-density data-generating technologies to profile the biochemical composition of foods, meals, and human samples (pre- and postfood intake), can be used to map the complex interaction between the diet and human metabolism and also to assess food quality and safety. Here, we outline some of the techniques currently used for metabolic phenotyping and describe key applications in the food sciences, ending with a broad outlook at some of the newer technologies in the field with a view to exploring their potential to address some of the critical challenges in nutritional science.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Brignardello
- Computational and Systems Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - E Holmes
- Computational and Systems Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - I Garcia-Perez
- Nutrition and Dietetic Research Group, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
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11
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Lagström H, Helenius H, Salo P. Serum cholesterol-lowering efficacy of stanol ester incorporated in gelatin capsules. SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF FOOD & NUTRITION 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/17482970600969161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Lagström
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine
| | | | - Pia Salo
- Raisio Life Sciences LtdRaisioFinland
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12
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O'Neil CE, Nicklas TA. State of the Art Reviews: Relationship Between Diet/ Physical Activity and Health. Am J Lifestyle Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1559827607306433.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and 4 of the leading causes of death—heart disease, cancer, stroke, and type 2 diabetes mellitus—are related to lifestyle. The combination of a healthy weight, prudent diet, and daily physical activity clearly plays a role in primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention of these and other chronic diseases. Because nearly 65% of the adult population is overweight or obese, weight loss and maintenance are central to this review article. Improved lipid profiles, blood pressure, insulin sensitivity, and euglycemia are associated with weight loss or a normal body weight; thus, maintaining a healthy weight is a universal recommendation for health. The methods for improving lifestyle described in the section on obesity include assessing nutritional status and stages of change of the client, setting realistic goals, eating a diet high in fruits and vegetables with low-fat sources of dairy and protein, and achieving appropriate physical activity levels. The importance of physicians discussing weight with clients and vice versa is stressed. The common features of lifestyle-related diseases make them amenable to similar lifestyle interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol E. O'Neil
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor
College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (TAN)
| | - Theresa A. Nicklas
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Nutrition Research Center, 1100
Bates Avenue, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030-2600,
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Kent LM, Morton DP, Ward EJ, Rankin PM, Ferret RB, Gobble J, Diehl HA. The Influence of Religious Affiliation on Participant Responsiveness to the Complete Health Improvement Program (CHIP) Lifestyle Intervention. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2016; 55:1561-1573. [PMID: 26472654 PMCID: PMC4956692 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-015-0141-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Seventh-day Adventist (SDA) and non-SDA (21.3 and 78.7 %, respectively) individuals (n = 7172) participating in the Complete Health Improvement Program, a 30-day diet and lifestyle intervention, in North America (241 programs, 2006-2012) were assessed for changes in selected chronic disease risk factors: body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), pulse, lipid profile and fasting plasma glucose (FPG). Reductions were greater among the non-SDA for BMI, pulse and blood lipids. Furthermore, the majority of non-SDA in the highest risk classifications for BP, lipids and FPG, but only some lipids among SDA, were able to show improvement by 20 % or more.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Kent
- Lifestyle Research Centre, Avondale College of Higher Education, 582 Freemans Drive, Cooranbong, NSW, 2265, Australia.
| | - D P Morton
- Lifestyle Research Centre, Avondale College of Higher Education, 582 Freemans Drive, Cooranbong, NSW, 2265, Australia
| | - E J Ward
- Lifestyle Research Centre, Avondale College of Higher Education, 582 Freemans Drive, Cooranbong, NSW, 2265, Australia
| | - P M Rankin
- Lifestyle Research Centre, Avondale College of Higher Education, 582 Freemans Drive, Cooranbong, NSW, 2265, Australia
| | - R B Ferret
- Spirituality and Worship Research Centre, Avondale College of Higher Education, Cooranbong, NSW, 2265, Australia
| | - J Gobble
- Medical Nutrition Therapy Northwest, Clackamas, OR, 97015, USA
| | - H A Diehl
- Lifestyle Medicine Institute, 25805 Barton Rd, Bldg. A, Ste. 106, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
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14
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Morton D, Rankin P, Kent L, Sokolies R, Dysinger W, Gobble J, Diehl H. The Complete Health Improvement Program (CHIP) and reduction of chronic disease risk factors in Canada. CAN J DIET PRACT RES 2016; 75:72-7. [PMID: 24897012 DOI: 10.3148/75.2.2014.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The short-term effectiveness of the nutrition-centred Complete Health Improvement Program (CHIP) lifestyle intervention for improving selected chronic disease risk factors was examined in the Canadian setting. METHODS A total of 1003 people (aged 56.3 ± 12.1 years, 68% female) were self-selected to participate in one of 27 CHIP interventions hosted in community settings by Seventh-day Adventist churches throughout Canada, between 2005 and 2011. The program centred on the promotion of a whole-food, plant-based eating pattern, and daily physical activity was also encouraged. Biometric measures, including body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), blood lipid profile, and fasting blood sugar (FBS), were determined at program entry and 30 days into the intervention. RESULTS Over 30 days, significant overall reductions (P<0.001) were recorded in the participants' BMI (-3.1%), systolic BP (-7.3%), diastolic BP (-4.3%), total cholesterol ([TC] -11.3%), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ([LDL-C] -12.9%), triglycerides ([TG] -8.2%), and FBS (-7.0%). Participants with the highest classifications of TC, LDL-C, TG, and FBS at program entry experienced approximately 20% reductions in these measures in 30 days. CONCLUSIONS The CHIP intervention, which centres on a whole-food, plant-based eating pattern, can lead to rapid and meaningful reductions in chronic disease risk factors in the Canadian context.
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O'Flaherty M, Bandosz P, Critchley J, Capewell S, Guzman-Castillo M, Aspelund T, Bennett K, Kabir K, Björck L, Bruthans J, Hotchkiss JW, Hughes J, Laatikainen T, Palmieri L, Zdrojewski T. Exploring potential mortality reductions in 9 European countries by improving diet and lifestyle: A modelling approach. Int J Cardiol 2016; 207:286-91. [PMID: 26812643 PMCID: PMC4766942 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.01.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary heart disease (CHD) death rates have fallen across most of Europe in recent decades. However, substantial risk factor reductions have not been achieved across all Europe. Our aim was to quantify the potential impact of future policy scenarios on diet and lifestyle on CHD mortality in 9 European countries. METHODS We updated the previously validated IMPACT CHD models in 9 European countries and extended them to 2010-11 (the baseline year) to predict reductions in CHD mortality to 2020(ages 25-74years). We compared three scenarios: conservative, intermediate and optimistic on smoking prevalence (absolute decreases of 5%, 10% and 15%); saturated fat intake (1%, 2% and 3% absolute decreases in % energy intake, replaced by unsaturated fats); salt (relative decreases of 10%, 20% and 30%), and physical inactivity (absolute decreases of 5%, 10% and 15%). Probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted. RESULTS Under the conservative, intermediate and optimistic scenarios, we estimated 10.8% (95% CI: 7.3-14.0), 20.7% (95% CI: 15.6-25.2) and 29.1% (95% CI: 22.6-35.0) fewer CHD deaths in 2020. For the optimistic scenario, 15% absolute reductions in smoking could decrease CHD deaths by 8.9%-11.6%, Salt intake relative reductions of 30% by approximately 5.9-8.9%; 3% reductions in saturated fat intake by 6.3-7.5%, and 15% absolute increases in physical activity by 3.7-5.3%. CONCLUSIONS Modest and feasible policy-based reductions in cardiovascular risk factors (already been achieved in some other countries) could translate into substantial reductions in future CHD deaths across Europe. However, this would require the European Union to more effectively implement powerful evidence-based prevention policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M O'Flaherty
- Department of Public Health, University of Liverpool, L69 3GB, UK, 2.
| | - P Bandosz
- Department of Public Health, University of Liverpool, L69 3GB, UK, 2
| | - J Critchley
- Population Health Research Institute, St Georges, University of London, UK
| | - S Capewell
- Department of Public Health, University of Liverpool, L69 3GB, UK, 2
| | - M Guzman-Castillo
- Department of Public Health, University of Liverpool, L69 3GB, UK, 2
| | | | - K Bennett
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - K Kabir
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - L Björck
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Sweden; Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Sweden
| | - J Bruthans
- Center for Cardiovascular Prevention, Charles University in Prague, First Faculty of Medicine and Thomayer Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J W Hotchkiss
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - J Hughes
- UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health, Queen's University, Belfast, UK
| | - T Laatikainen
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - L Palmieri
- National Center of Epidemiology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - T Zdrojewski
- Medical University of Gdansk, Department of Hypertension and Diabetology, Poland
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Reith C, Armitage J. Management of residual risk after statin therapy. Atherosclerosis 2016; 245:161-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Kim Y, Jung M, Kim CJ. Quantitative Measurement of Effect of Short-term Life Style Modification on Lipid Profiles in Korean Patients with Hyperlipidemia. J Lipid Atheroscler 2016. [DOI: 10.12997/jla.2016.5.1.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moonki Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chee Jeong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
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Mazza A, Lenti S, Schiavon L, Zuin M, D’Avino M, Ramazzina E, Casiglia E. Nutraceuticals for Serum Lipid and Blood Pressure Control in Hypertensive and Hypercholesterolemic Subjects at Low Cardiovascular Risk. Adv Ther 2015. [PMID: 26202829 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-015-0229-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Primary cardiovascular (CV) prevention may be achieved by lifestyle/nutrition changes, although a relevant role is now emerging for specific, functional foods and nutraceutical compounds (NCs). The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of NCs in lowering blood pressure (BP) and improving lipid profile, when added to diet and lifestyle management versus diet alone in a group of patients with hypertension (HT) and hypercholesterolemia (HCh) with low CV risk. METHODS Sixty-six patients with HT and HCh with grade 1 essential HT (mean age 56.0 ± 4.6 years) without history of CV diseases or organ damage were analyzed. These subjects were started on one tablet of an NC-containing red yeast rice, policosanol, berberine, folic acid and coenzyme Q10 once daily for 6 months and were age and gender matched with subjects following a diet program. Differences in clinic BP, 24-h ambulatory BP (24 h-ABPM), serum total cholesterol, low-density and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C and HDL-C) and triglyceride values were compared by analysis of variance. RESULTS In the treatment group, a significant reduction of systolic 24 h-ABPM (141.6 ± 6.4 vs. 136.2 ± 4.8 mmHg; p < 0.05) and pulse pressure 24 h-ABPM (52.6 ± 7.2 vs. 47.3 ± 5.4 mmHg; p < 0.05) was found at the end of follow-up. A reduction of total cholesterol (-19.2%), LDL-C (-17.4%) and triglycerides (-16.3%) was observed (p < 0.001 for all); HDL-C remained unchanged. No difference was found in the control group. CONCLUSIONS The tested NCs was found to be safe, well tolerated and effective in reducing mean 24-h systolic and 24-h pulse pressure and in improving lipid pattern.
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Kent LM, Morton DP, Rankin PM, Mitchell BG, Chang E, Diehl H. Gender differences in effectiveness of the Complete Health Improvement Program (CHIP) lifestyle intervention: an Australasian study. Health Promot J Austr 2015; 25:222-9. [PMID: 25476714 DOI: 10.1071/he14041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
ISSUE ADDRESSED Complete Health Improvement Program (CHIP) is a lifestyle modification program that promotes healthy diet, physical activity and stress management techniques. Among US CHIP participants, differences in gender responsiveness to improvements in chronic disease risk factors were demonstrated. This study examined gender differences in outcomes to the CHIP intervention in Australasia. METHODS Changes in body weight, blood pressure (BP), blood lipid profile and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) were assessed in 925 participants (34.3% men, mean age=56.0±12.5 years; 65.7% women, mean age=54.4±13.5 years) 30 days after program commencement. RESULTS Significant reductions (P<0.001) in all biometrics measured were found for men and women but were greater among men for total (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), triglycerides (TG), FPG, body mass index (BMI) and TC/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) ratio. Participants with highest baseline classifications of BMI, systolic BP, blood lipids and FPG showed greatest reductions in 30 days. CONCLUSIONS CHIP more effectively reduced chronic disease risk factors among men than women. All participants, but particularly men, entering the program with the greatest risk achieved the largest reductions. Possible physiological or behavioural factors include food preferences, making commitments and differential support modes. SO WHAT?: Developers of lifestyle intervention programs should consider gender differences in physiological and behavioural factors when planning interventions. In particular, developers should manage expectations of people entering lifestyle interventions to increase awareness that men tend to respond better than women. In addition, this is a call for further research to identify the underlying mechanisms responsible for the disproportionate responsiveness of males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillian M Kent
- Lifestyle Research Centre, Avondale College of Higher Education, 582 Freemans Drive (PO Box 19), Cooranbong, NSW 2265, Australia
| | - Darren P Morton
- Lifestyle Research Centre, Avondale College of Higher Education, 582 Freemans Drive (PO Box 19), Cooranbong, NSW 2265, Australia
| | - Paul M Rankin
- Lifestyle Research Centre, Avondale College of Higher Education, 582 Freemans Drive (PO Box 19), Cooranbong, NSW 2265, Australia
| | - Brett G Mitchell
- Lifestyle Research Centre, Avondale College of Higher Education, 582 Freemans Drive (PO Box 19), Cooranbong, NSW 2265, Australia
| | - Esther Chang
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Hans Diehl
- Lifestyle Medicine Institute, PO Box 818, Loma Linda, California, USA 92354
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Kent LM, Morton DP, Rankin PM, Gobble JE, Diehl HA. Gender differences in effectiveness of the Complete Health Improvement Program (CHIP). JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2015; 47:44-52. [PMID: 25312267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2014.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the differential effect of gender on outcomes of the Complete Health Improvement Program, a chronic disease lifestyle intervention program. DESIGN Thirty-day cohort study. SETTING One hundred thirty-six venues around North America, 2006 to 2009. PARTICIPANTS A total of 5,046 participants (33.5% men, aged 57.9 ± 13.0 years; 66.5% women, aged 57.0 ± 12.9 years). INTERVENTION Diet, exercise, and stress management. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Body mass index, diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, lipids, and fasting plasma glucose (FPG). ANALYSIS The researchers used t test and McNemar chi-square test of proportions, at P < .05. RESULTS Reductions were significantly greater for women for high-density lipoprotein (9.1% vs 7.6%) but greater for men for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (16.3% vs 11.5%), total cholesterol (TC) (13.2% vs 10.1%), triglycerides (11.4% vs 5.6%), FPG (8.2% vs 5.3%), body mass index (3.5% vs 3%), diastolic blood pressure (5.5% vs 5.1%), and TC/high-density lipoprotein (6.3% vs 1.4%) but not different for systolic blood pressure (6% vs 5%). The greatest reductions were in participants with the highest baseline TC, low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, and FPG classifications. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The Complete Health Improvement Program effectively reduced chronic disease risk factors among both genders, but particularly men, with the largest reductions occurring in individuals at greatest risk. Physiological or behavioral factor explanations, including differences in adiposity and hormones, dietary intake, commitment and social support, are explored. Researchers should consider addressing gender differences in food preferences and eliciting commitment and differential support modes in the development of lifestyle interventions such as the Complete Health Improvement Program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillian M Kent
- Lifestyle Research Centre, Avondale College of Higher Education, Cooranbong, NSW, Australia.
| | - Darren P Morton
- Lifestyle Research Centre, Avondale College of Higher Education, Cooranbong, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul M Rankin
- Lifestyle Research Centre, Avondale College of Higher Education, Cooranbong, NSW, Australia
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Konhilas JP, Chen H, Luczak E, McKee LA, Regan J, Watson PA, Stauffer BL, Khalpey ZI, Mckinsey TA, Horn T, LaFleur B, Leinwand LA. Diet and sex modify exercise and cardiac adaptation in the mouse. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 308:H135-45. [PMID: 25398983 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00532.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The heart adapts to exercise stimuli in a sex-dimorphic manner when mice are fed the traditional soy-based chow. Females undergo more voluntary exercise (4 wk) than males and exhibit more cardiac hypertrophy per kilometer run (18, 32). We have found that diet plays a critical role in cage wheel exercise and cardiac adaptation to the exercise stimulus in this sex dimorphism. Specifically, feeding male mice a casein-based, soy-free diet increases daily running distance over soy-fed counterparts to equal that of females. Moreover, casein-fed males have a greater capacity to increase their cardiac mass in response to exercise compared with soy-fed males. To further explore the biochemical mechanisms for these differences, we performed a candidate-based RT-PCR screen on genes previously implicated in diet- or exercise-based cardiac hypertrophy. Of the genes screened, many exhibit significant exercise, diet, or sex effects but only transforming growth factor-β1 shows a significant three-way interaction with no genes showing a two-way interaction. Finally, we show that the expression and activity of adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase-α2 and acetyl-CoA carboxylase is dependent on exercise, diet, and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Konhilas
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado; Department of Physiology, Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona;
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Physiology, Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Elizabeth Luczak
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Laurel A McKee
- Department of Physiology, Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Jessica Regan
- Department of Physiology, Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Peter A Watson
- University of Colorado Denver, and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado
| | - Brian L Stauffer
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, Colorado
| | - Zain I Khalpey
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; and
| | - Timothy A Mckinsey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado
| | - Todd Horn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado
| | - Bonnie LaFleur
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Leslie A Leinwand
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
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23
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Eckel RH, Jakicic JM, Ard JD, de Jesus JM, Houston Miller N, Hubbard VS, Lee IM, Lichtenstein AH, Loria CM, Millen BE, Nonas CA, Sacks FM, Smith SC, Svetkey LP, Wadden TA, Yanovski SZ. 2013 AHA/ACC Guideline on Lifestyle Management to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014; 63:2960-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 728] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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24
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Prince AC, Moosa A, Lomer MCE, Reidlinger DP, Whelan K. Variable access to quality nutrition information regarding inflammatory bowel disease: a survey of patients and health professionals and objective examination of written information. Health Expect 2014; 18:2501-12. [PMID: 24934409 DOI: 10.1111/hex.12219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) report a range of nutritional and dietary problems and high-quality written information should be available on these. There is little research investigating the availability and quality of such information for patients with IBD. OBJECTIVE This study assessed the type and quality of written information on nutrition and diet available to patients with IBD and the opinions of patients and health professionals. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Seventy-two patients with IBD were recruited from a large gastroenterology outpatient centre in England. One hundred dietitians from across the United Kingdom were also recruited. METHODS Face-to-face surveys were conducted with patients with IBD. Questions regarding the use, format and usefulness of dietary information received were probed. Dietitians were surveyed regarding written dietary information used in clinical practice. Samples of IBD-specific dietary information used across the UK were objectively assessed using two validated tools. MAIN RESULTS The majority of patients rated written information as 'good' or 'very good', with the most useful information relating to 'general diet and IBD'. Forty-nine (49%) dietitians reported gaps in written information available for patients with IBD. Fifty-three different samples of IBD-specific information sheets were returned, with widely variable objective quality ratings. Commercially produced written information scored greater than locally produced information (BMA tool, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Patient access to high-quality, written, IBD-specific dietary information is variable. IBD-specific written nutrition information needs to be developed in accordance with validated tools to empower patients, encourage self-management and overcome nutritional implications of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis C Prince
- Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, School of Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Arifa Moosa
- Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, School of Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Miranda C E Lomer
- Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, School of Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.,Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Gastroenterology, London, UK
| | - Dianne P Reidlinger
- Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, School of Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kevin Whelan
- Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, School of Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
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Morton D, Rankin P, Kent L, Dysinger W. The Complete Health Improvement Program (CHIP): History, Evaluation, and Outcomes. Am J Lifestyle Med 2014; 10:64-73. [PMID: 30202259 DOI: 10.1177/1559827614531391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Complete Health Improvement Program (CHIP) is a premier lifestyle intervention targeting chronic disease that has been offered for more than 25 years. The intervention has been used in clinical, corporate, and community settings, and the short-term and long-term clinical benefits of the intervention, as well as its cost-effectiveness, have been documented in more than 25 peer-reviewed publications. Being an easily administered intervention, CHIP has been presented not only by health professionals but also by non-health-trained volunteers. The benefits of the program have been extensively studied under these 2 delivery channels, consistently demonstrating positive outcomes. This article provides a brief history of CHIP and describes the content and structure of the intervention. The published evaluations and outcomes of the intervention are presented and discussed and future directions are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Morton
- Lifestyle Research Centre, Avondale College of Higher Education, Cooranbong, New South Wales, Australia (DM, PR, LK).,Department of Preventive Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California (WD)
| | - Paul Rankin
- Lifestyle Research Centre, Avondale College of Higher Education, Cooranbong, New South Wales, Australia (DM, PR, LK).,Department of Preventive Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California (WD)
| | - Lillian Kent
- Lifestyle Research Centre, Avondale College of Higher Education, Cooranbong, New South Wales, Australia (DM, PR, LK).,Department of Preventive Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California (WD)
| | - Wayne Dysinger
- Lifestyle Research Centre, Avondale College of Higher Education, Cooranbong, New South Wales, Australia (DM, PR, LK).,Department of Preventive Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California (WD)
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Bhattarai N, Prevost AT, Wright AJ, Charlton J, Rudisill C, Gulliford MC. Effectiveness of interventions to promote healthy diet in primary care: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMC Public Health 2013; 13:1203. [PMID: 24355095 PMCID: PMC3890643 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-1203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A diet rich in fruit, vegetables and dietary fibre and low in fat is associated with reduced risk of chronic disease. This review aimed to estimate the effectiveness of interventions to promote healthy diet for primary prevention among participants attending primary care. METHODS A systematic review of trials using individual or cluster randomisation of interventions delivered in primary care to promote dietary change over 12 months in healthy participants free from chronic disease or defined high risk states. Outcomes were change in fruit and vegetable intake, consumption of total fat and fibre and changes in serum cholesterol concentration. RESULTS Ten studies were included with 12,414 participants. The design and delivery of interventions were diverse with respect to grounding in behavioural theory and intervention intensity. A meta-analysis of three studies showed an increase in fruit consumption of 0.25 (0.01 to 0.49) servings per day, with an increase in vegetable consumption of 0.25 (0.06 to 0.44) serving per day. A further three studies that reported on fruit and vegetable consumption together showed a pooled increment of 0.50 (0.13 to 0.87) servings per day. The pooled effect on consumption of dietary fibre, from four studies, was estimated to be 1.97 (0.43 to 3.52) gm fibre per day. Data from five studies showed a mean decrease in total fat intake of 5.2% of total energy (1.5 to 8.8%). Data from three studies showed a mean decrease in serum cholesterol of 0.10 (-0.19 to 0.00) mmol/L. CONCLUSION Presently-reported interventions to promote healthy diet for primary prevention in primary care, which illustrate a diverse range of intervention methods, may yield small beneficial changes in consumption of fruit, vegetables, fibre and fat over 12 months. The present results do not exclude the possibility that more effective intervention strategies might be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawaraj Bhattarai
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
- Health Economics and Health Technology Assessment Unit, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, 1 Lilybank Gardens, Glasgow G12 8RZ, UK
| | - A Toby Prevost
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Alison J Wright
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Judith Charlton
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Caroline Rudisill
- Department of Social Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Martin C Gulliford
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
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Eckel RH, Jakicic JM, Ard JD, de Jesus JM, Miller NH, Hubbard VS, Lee IM, Lichtenstein AH, Loria CM, Millen BE, Nonas CA, Sacks FM, Smith SC, Svetkey LP, Wadden TA, Yanovski SZ. Reprint: 2013 AHA/ACC Guideline on Lifestyle Management to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk. Circulation 2013; 129:e2. [PMID: 24220553 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.0000437740.48606.d1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 911] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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28
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Gil-Ramírez A, Clavijo C, Palanisamy M, Ruiz-Rodríguez A, Navarro-Rubio M, Pérez M, Marín FR, Reglero G, Soler-Rivas C. Study on the 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl CoA reductase inhibitory properties of Agaricus bisporus and extraction of bioactive fractions using pressurised solvent technologies. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2013; 93:2789-2796. [PMID: 23408460 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Agaricus bisporus mushrooms were able to lower cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolaemic rats and it was suggested that dietary fibre might inhibit cholesterol absorption. However, A. bisporus extracts were also able to inhibit the 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl CoA reductase (HMGCR, the key enzyme in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway) and this might also contribute to the observed lowering of cholesterol levels in serum. RESULTS The methanol-water extracts obtained from A. bisporus were able to inhibit up to 60% the HMGCR activity using an in vitro assay. The HMGCR inhibitory capacities depended on cultivation conditions, strains, etc. The potential inhibitors were not statins, they might be β-glucans able to scavenge the substrate and impair the enzymatic reaction. They were present during all mushroom developmental stages and similarly distributed through all the tissues including the parts discarded as a by-product. Accelerated solvent extractions using 1:1 ethanol-water as pressurised solvent (10.7 MPa, 25°C, five cycles of 5 min) were more effective in the extraction of the HMGCiR inhibitor(s) than supercritical fluid extractions (9 MPa, 40°C) using CO2 with 10% ethanol. CONCLUSION A mushroom cultivation and two extraction procedures were optimised to obtain fractions from A. bisporus with high HMGCR inhibitory activities to design novel ingredients for hypocholesterolaemic functional foodstuffs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Gil-Ramírez
- Department of Production and Characterization of New Foods, CIAL-Research Institute in Food Science (UAM+CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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Petrogianni M, Kanellakis S, Kallianioti K, Argyropoulou D, Pitsavos C, Manios Y. A multicomponent lifestyle intervention produces favourable changes in diet quality and cardiometabolic risk indices in hypercholesterolaemic adults. J Hum Nutr Diet 2013; 26:596-605. [PMID: 23510154 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, there are no dietary intervention studies available jointly examining the changes produced in cardiometabolic risk indices and diet quality assessed with the Healthy Eating Index 2005 (HEI-2005). The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of a 3-month multicomponent lifestyle intervention on several cardiometabolic risk indices, physical activity levels and diet quality. METHODS A total sample of 108 hypercholesterolaemic adults (40-60 years old) were randomised to two intervention groups provided with and instructed to consume daily: (i) plain milk (n = 37) or (ii) enriched milk (n = 40) respectively; both groups were attending a 3-month dietary counselling programme. For the needs of the present study both intervention groups were analysed together IG: n = 77) and were compared against a control group following usual diet (CG: n = 31). RESULTS Regarding diet quality HEI scores for 'milk' (P = 0.021), 'dark green/orange vegetables and legumes' (P = 0.050) and 'total HEI score' (P = 0.045) were improved in the IG compared to the CG. The IG also improved 'whole grains' and 'calories from solid fats, alcoholic beverages and added sugars' scores compared to their baseline values. Both groups improved the 'total vegetable' HEI score. Regarding physical activity levels and cardiometabolic risk indices, the IG significantly increased the daily number of steps (P = 0.005) and decreased body weight (P = 0.021), body mass index (P = 0.019) and waist circumference (P = 0.027) to a higher extent compared to the changes observed in the CG. Moreover, the IG significantly decreased systolic (P = 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.050) compared to baseline values. CONCLUSIONS The present study revealed that this 3-month lifestyle and nutrition counselling intervention programme appears to have favourable effects on diet quality, physical activity levels, anthropometric and certain cardiometabolic risk indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Petrogianni
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Relationship of Lifestyle Medical Advice and Non-HDL Cholesterol Control of a Nationally Representative US Sample with Hypercholesterolemia by Race/Ethnicity. CHOLESTEROL 2012; 2012:916816. [PMID: 23119150 PMCID: PMC3478696 DOI: 10.1155/2012/916816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2012] [Revised: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the associations of lifestyle medical advice and non-HDL cholesterol control of a nationally representative US sample of adults with hypercholesterolemia by race/ethnicity. Methods. Data were collected by appending sociodemographic, anthropometric, and laboratory data from two cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Survey (2007-2008 and 2009-2010). This study acquired data from male and female adults aged ≥ 20 years (N = 11,577), classified as either Mexican American (MA), (n = 2173), other Hispanic (OH) (n = 1298), Black non-Hispanic (BNH) (n = 2349), or White non-Hispanic (WNH) (n = 5737). Results. Minorities were more likely to report having received dietary, weight management, and exercise recommendations by healthcare professionals than WNH, adjusting for confounders. Approximately 80% of those receiving medical advice followed the recommendation, regardless of race/ethnicity. Of those who received medical advice, reporting “currently controlling or losing weight” was associated with lower non-HDL cholesterol. BNH who reported “currently controlling or losing weight” had higher non-HDL cholesterol than WNH who reported following the advice. Conclusion. The results suggest that current methods of communicating lifestyle advice may not be adequate across race/ethnicity and that a change in perspective and delivery of medical recommendations for persons with hypercholesterolemia is needed.
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Hempler NF, Krasnik A, Pisinger C, Jørgensen T. The relationship between changes in health behaviour and initiation of lipid-lowering and antihypertensive medications in individuals at high risk of ischaemic heart disease. BMC Public Health 2012; 12:626. [PMID: 22873800 PMCID: PMC3538631 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been hypothesised that health conscious individuals tend to take better care of themselves by greater adherence to preventive medications. We examined, whether long-term changes in dietary habits and physical activity were associated with initiation of lipid-lowering and antihypertensive medications. METHODS The study population consisted of two subsamples from the population-based cohort Inter99 study (1999-2006) in Copenhagen, Denmark: one with systolic blood pressure > 140 mmHg (N = 557) and one with total cholesterol > 7 mmol/L (N = 314). At a health examination, individuals completed a questionnaire about health behaviour and had their blood pressure and cholesterol measured at baseline and after five years. Data on medications were obtained through linkage to the Registry of Medical Product Statistics. RESULTS Positive changes in physical activity (odds ratio =3.50; 95% CI 1.23-7.54) and in dietary habits (odds ratio = 2.08; 95% CI 1.03-4.21) were associated with an increased initiation of lipid-lowering medications. With respect to antihypertensives, no association was observed in terms of physical activity, but for diet, a positive trend in terms of initiation was observed among those with positive changes in dietary habits (odds ratio = 1.58; 95% CI 0.96-2.59). CONCLUSION Generally, we observed health conscious behaviour in terms of increased initiation of preventive medications among those who reported positive changes in health behaviour. This study therefore suggests that more attention should be given to identifying individuals and groups, who are less health conscious and thereby less likely to engage in either preventive medications or changes in health behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Folmann Hempler
- Center for Healthy Aging, Section for Health Services Research, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, 1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark.
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Zeng T, Guo FF, Zhang CL, Song FY, Zhao XL, Xie KQ. A meta-analysis of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials for the effects of garlic on serum lipid profiles. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2012; 92:1892-1902. [PMID: 22234974 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.5557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Revised: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inconsistent results were obtained for the lipid-regulating effects of garlic in clinical trials. With increasing interest in complementary medicine for hyperlipoidemia, it is important to explore the real effects of garlic. This meta- analysis was performed to investigate the influence of garlic on serum lipid parameters. RESULTS A total of 26 studies were included into meta-analysis. Overall, garlic was superior to placebo in reducing serum total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels. Compared with the placebo groups, serum TC and TG levels in the garlic group were reduced by 0.28 (95% CI, -0.45, -0.11) mmol L⁻¹ (P = 0.001) and 0.13 (95% CI, -0.20, -0.06) mmol L⁻¹ (P < 0.001), respectively. The effects of garlic were more striking in subjects with long-term intervention and higher baseline TC levels. Garlic powder and aged garlic extract were more effective in reducing serum TC levels, while garlic oil was more effective in lowering serum TG levels. In contrast, garlic did not influence other lipid parameters, including low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein B, and TC/HDL-C ratio. CONCLUSION Garlic could reduce serum TC and TG levels, and garlic therapy should benefit patients with risk of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zeng
- Institute of Toxicology, Shandong University, Shandong, Jinan 250012, PR China
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Kelley GA, Kelley KS, Roberts S, Haskell W. Combined effects of aerobic exercise and diet on lipids and lipoproteins in overweight and obese adults: a meta-analysis. J Obes 2012; 2012:985902. [PMID: 22523670 PMCID: PMC3317197 DOI: 10.1155/2012/985902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This study used the aggregate data meta-analytic approach to determine the combined effects of aerobic exercise and diet on lipids and lipoproteins in overweight and obese adults. Twelve studies representing 859 men and women (443 intervention, 416 control) were included. Using random-effects models, statistically significant, intervention minus control reductions were found for TC (-12.8 mg/dL, 95% CI, -19.9 to -5.7), TC : HDL-C (-0.5 mg/dL, 95% CI, -0.8 to -0.1), LDL-C (-6.8 mg/dL, 95% CI, -11.8 to -1.8), and TG (-13.1 mg/dL, 95% CI, -21.2 to -5.0) but not HDL-C (-0.4 mg/dL, 95% CI, -2.3 to 1.6). Results remained robust when adjusted for publication bias, deleting each study from the model once, and collapsing results for multiple groups from the same study into one effect size. These findings suggest that concurrent aerobic exercise and diet improve TC, LDL-C, TC : HDL-C, and TG, but not HDL-C, in overweight and obese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A. Kelley
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, P.O. Box 9190, Morgantown, WV 26506-9190, USA
- *George A. Kelley:
| | - Kristi S. Kelley
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, P.O. Box 9190, Morgantown, WV 26506-9190, USA
| | - Susan Roberts
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111-1524, USA
| | - William Haskell
- Prevention Research Center, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305-2004, USA
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Sprinz E, Lazzaretti RK, Kuhmmer R, Ribeiro JP. Dyslipidemia in HIV-infected individuals. Braz J Infect Dis 2011; 14:575-88. [PMID: 21340298 DOI: 10.1016/s1413-8670(10)70115-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2010] [Accepted: 03/22/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic complications continue to play a major role in the management of HIV infection. Dyslipidemia associated with HIV infection and with the use of combined antiretroviral therapy includes elevations in triglycerides, reduced high-density cholesterol, and variable increases in low-density and total cholesterol. The association between dyslipidemia and specific antiretroviral agents has been underscored. Multiple pathogenic mechanisms by which HIV and antiretroviral agents lead to dyslipidemia have been hypothesized, but they are still controversial. The potential clinical and pathological consequences of HIV-associated hyperlipidemia are not completely known, but several studies reported an increased risk of coronary artery disease in HIV-positive individuals receiving combined antiretroviral therapy. HIV-infected persons who have hyperlipidemia should be managed similarly to those without HIV infection in accordance with the National Cholesterol Education Program. Life style changes are the primary target. Statins and fibrates and/or modification in antiretroviral therapy are possible approaches to this problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Sprinz
- Internal Medicine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Hajar
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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Huang J, Frohlich J, Ignaszewski AP. The Impact of Dietary Changes and Dietary Supplements on Lipid Profile. Can J Cardiol 2011; 27:488-505. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2010.12.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 12/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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1999 World Health Organization – International Society of Hypertension Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension. Blood Press 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/08037059943973313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison While
- King’s College London, Florence Nightingale School of Nursing and Midwifery, London, UK
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Kuriyan R, Kumar DR, R R, Kurpad AV. An evaluation of the hypolipidemic effect of an extract of Hibiscus Sabdariffa leaves in hyperlipidemic Indians: a double blind, placebo controlled trial. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2010; 10:27. [PMID: 20553629 PMCID: PMC2906418 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-10-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2009] [Accepted: 06/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background Hibiscus sabdariffa is used regularly in folk medicine to treat various conditions. Methods The study was a double blind, placebo controlled, randomized trial. Sixty subjects with serum LDL values in the range of 130-190 mg/dl and with no history of coronary heart disease were randomized into experimental and placebo groups. The experimental group received 1 gm of the extract for 90 days while the placebo received a similar amount of maltodextrin in addition to dietary and physical activity advice for the control of their blood lipids. Anthropometry, blood biochemistry, dietary and physical activity were assessed at baseline, day 45 and day 90. Results While body weight, serum LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels decreased in both groups, there were no significant differences between the experimental and placebo group. Conclusions It is likely that the observed effects were as a result of the patients following the standard dietary and physical activity advice. At a dose of 1 gm/day, hibiscus sabdariffa leaf extract did not appear to have a blood lipid lowering effect. Trial Registration REFCTRI2009000472
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Grossman HB, Stenzl A, Moyad MA, Droller MJ. Bladder Cancer: Chemoprevention, complementary approaches and budgetary considerations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010:213-33. [DOI: 10.1080/03008880802284258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Arnulf Stenzl
- Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Mark A. Moyad
- University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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The effect of dietary phytosphingosine on cholesterol levels and insulin sensitivity in subjects with the metabolic syndrome. Eur J Clin Nutr 2010; 64:419-23. [PMID: 20179727 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2009.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sphingolipids, like phytosphingosine (PS) are part of cellular membranes of yeasts, vegetables and fruits. Addition of PS to the diet decreases serum cholesterol and free fatty acid (FFA) levels in rodents and improves insulin sensitivity. OBJECTIVE To study the effect of dietary supplementation with PS on cholesterol and glucose metabolism in humans. METHODS Twelve men with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) (according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria; age 51+/-2 years (mean+/-s.e.m.); body mass index (BMI) 32+/-1 kg/m(2)) were randomly assigned to 4 weeks of PS (500 mg twice daily) and 4 weeks of placebo (P) in a double-blind cross-over study, with a 4-week wash-out period between both interventions. At the end of each intervention anthropometric measures and serum lipids were measured and an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) was performed. RESULTS Phytosphingosine did not affect body weight and fat mass compared with P. PS decreased serum total cholesterol (5.1+/-0.3 (PS) vs 5.4+/-0.3 (P) mmol/l; P<0.05) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol levels (3.1+/-0.3 (PS) vs 3.4+/-0.3 (P) mmol/l; P<0.05), whereas it did not alter serum triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels. In addition, PS lowered fasting plasma glucose levels (6.2+/-0.3 (PS) vs 6.5+/-0.3 (P) mmol/l; P<0.05). PS increased the glucose disappearance rate (K-value) by 9.9% during the IVGTT (0.91+/-0.06 (PS) vs 0.82+/-0.05 (P) %/min; P<0.05) at similar insulin levels, compared with P, thus implying enhanced insulin sensitivity. PS induced only minor gastrointestinal side effects. CONCLUSION Dietary supplementation of PS decreases plasma cholesterol levels and enhances insulin sensitivity in men with the MetS.
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Nakamura T, Ishikawa H, Takeyama I, Kawano A, Ishiguro S, Otani T, Okuda T, Murakami Y, Sakai T, Matsuura N. Excessive Fat Restriction Might Promote the Recurrence of Colorectal Tumors. Nutr Cancer 2010; 62:154-63. [DOI: 10.1080/01635580903305292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Wood F, Robling M, Prout H, Kinnersley P, Houston H, Butler C. A question of balance: a qualitative study of mothers' interpretations of dietary recommendations. Ann Fam Med 2010; 8:51-7. [PMID: 20065279 PMCID: PMC2807389 DOI: 10.1370/afm.1072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Poor nutrition is an increasing problem for economically deprived families, and mothers play a key role in establishing children's diets. We explored mothers' understanding of health-promotion recommendations for healthy eating. METHODS We conducted qualitative semistructured interviews of 46 mothers within a relatively socioeconomically deprived community. Data were subject to framework analysis. RESULTS The basic slogans of health promotion were known by mothers and had been adopted into everyday language. Television was the main source of information on dietary advice. Barriers to making changes were due to practical constraints (time, money, family preferences) and a desire to enhance quality of life through enjoyment of food. Although the headline messages of the importance of a healthy diet and what constitutes a healthy diet had reached mothers, misunderstandings were common and led to inappropriate actions. Many descriptions of what mothers reported as a balanced diet would not satisfy official definitions. Some women willfully adapted their understanding of advice to suit their preferences and the reality of their lives and family circumstances. CONCLUSIONS To provide effective advice and guidance, health professionals need a deeper understanding of how families interpret messages about healthy eating. In addition, they should provide advice based on more individual understandings of diet and take into account patient preferences and life circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Wood
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Neuadd Meirionnydd, Heath Park, Cardiff, Wales.
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HUXLEY R, CLIFTON P, PERKOVIC V, WOODWARD M, NEAL B. How many Australian deaths from heart disease and stroke could be avoided by a small reduction in population cholesterol levels? Nutr Diet 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0080.2009.01360.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Mason P, Porter SC, Berry SE, Stillman P, Steele C, Kirby A, Griffin BA, Minihane AM. Saturated fatty acid consumption: outlining the scale of the problem and assessing the solutions. NUTR BULL 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-3010.2008.01737.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Lecerf JM, Luc G, Marécaux N, Bal S, Bonte JP, Lacroix B, Cayzeele A. Small, qualitative changes in fatty acid intake decrease plasma low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels in mildly hypercholesterolemic outpatients on their usual high-fat diets. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2009; 60 Suppl 7:151-63. [DOI: 10.1080/09637480902758727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Toft U, Kristoffersen L, Ladelund S, Ovesen L, Lau C, Pisinger C, Smith LVH, Borch-Johnsen K, Jørgensen T. The effect of adding group-based counselling to individual lifestyle counselling on changes in dietary intake. The Inter99 study--a randomized controlled trial. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2008; 5:59. [PMID: 19025583 PMCID: PMC2607304 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-5-59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2008] [Accepted: 11/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have investigated the specific effect of single intervention components in randomized controlled trials. The purpose was to investigate the effect of adding group-based diet and exercise counselling to individual life-style counselling on long-term changes in dietary habits. METHODS The study was a randomized controlled intervention study. From a general Danish population, aged 30 to 60 years (n = 61,301), two random sample were drawn (group A, n = 11,708; group B, n = 1,308). Subjects were invited for a health screening program. Participation rate was 52.5%. All participants received individual life-style counselling. Individuals at high risk of ischemic heart disease in group A were furthermore offered group-based life-style counselling. The intervention was repeated for high-risk individuals after one and three years. At five-year follow-up all participants were invited for a health examination. High risk individuals were included in this study (n = 2 356) and changes in dietary intake were analyzed using multilevel linear regression analyses. RESULTS At one-year follow-up group A had significantly increased the unsaturated/saturated fat ratio compared to group B and in men a significantly greater decrease in saturated fat intake was found in group A compared to group B (net change: -1.13 E%; P = 0.003). No differences were found between group A and B at three-year follow-up. At five-year follow-up group A had significantly increased the unsaturated/saturated fat ratio (net change: 0.09; P = 0.01) and the fish intake compared to group B (net change: 5.4 g/day; P = 0.05). Further, in men a non-significant tendency of a greater decrease was found at five year follow-up in group A compared to group B (net change: -0.68 E%; P = 0.10). The intake of fibre and vegetables increased in both groups, however, no significant difference was found between the groups. No differences between groups were found for saturated fat intake in women. CONCLUSION Offering group-based counselling in addition to individual counselling resulted in small, but significantly improved dietary habits at five-year follow-up and a tendency of better maintenance, compared to individual counselling alone. TRIAL REGISTRATION The Inter99 study was approved by the local Ethics Committee (KA 98 155) and is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (registration number: NCT00289237).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulla Toft
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Building 84/85, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Lis Kristoffersen
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Building 84/85, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Steen Ladelund
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Building 84/85, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Lars Ovesen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Slagelse Hospital, Ingemannsvej 18, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Cathrine Lau
- Steno Diabetes Centre, Niels Steensensvej 2, DK-2820 Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Charlotta Pisinger
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Building 84/85, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Lisa von Huth Smith
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Building 84/85, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | | | - Torben Jørgensen
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Building 84/85, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark
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Yanetz R, Kipnis V, Carroll RJ, Dodd KW, Subar AF, Schatzkin A, Freedman LS. Using biomarker data to adjust estimates of the distribution of usual intakes for misreporting: application to energy intake in the US population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 108:455-64; discussion 464. [PMID: 18313427 DOI: 10.1016/j.jada.2007.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2006] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is now well-established that individuals misreport their dietary intake. We propose a new method (National Research Council-Biomarker [NRC-B]) for estimating population distributions of usual dietary intake from national survey 24-hour recall data, using additional biomarker data from an external study to adjust for such dietary misreporting. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED NRC-B is an extension of the NRC method, and is based upon two developed assumptions: the ratio of the mean of true intake to that of reported intake is equal in the survey and external biomarker study; and the ratio of the variance of true intake to that of reported intake is equal in these two studies. NRC-B adjusts the usual intake distribution both for within-person variation and for bias (underreporting) that occur with 24-hour recall reports. Using doubly labeled water ((2)H(2)(18)O) measurements from the Observing Protein and Energy Nutrition study, we applied NRC-B to data on energy intake for adults aged 40 to 69 years from two national surveys, the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We compared the results with the NRC and traditional methods that used only the survey data to estimate dietary intake distributions. RESULTS Estimated distributions from NRC-B and NRC were much narrower and less skewed than from the traditional method. However, unlike NRC, the median of the NRC-B based distribution was higher by 8% to 16% than the traditional method in our examples. CONCLUSIONS The proposed method adjusts for the well-documented problem of underreporting of energy intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rivka Yanetz
- Department of Mathematics, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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Brauer PM, Hanning RM, Arocha JF, Royall D, Grant A, Dietrich L, Martino R. Development of a Nutrition Counselling Care Map For Dyslipidemia. CAN J DIET PRACT RES 2007; 68:183-92. [DOI: 10.3148/68.4.2007.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Care maps or clinical pathways for nutrition therapy of dyslipidemia could add to current practice guidelines, by providing templates for feasible and recommended diet counselling processes. A care map was therefore developed by engaging expert and generalist dietitians and external experts from across Canada in a multi-stage consensus process. Methods: First, a qualitative study was undertaken with a convenience sample of 12 practitioners to identify possible diet care options, using hypothetical client scenarios and cognitive analysis. Second, these care options were rated for five case scenarios considered typical (overweight clients, with or without clinical cardiovascular disease and other comorbidities, potentially motivated to change, consuming high-fat diets, and facing various major barriers to eating behaviour change). The rating was conducted through a survey of participants. Highly appropriate, recommended, and feasible options for counselling were ranked through a two-round modified Delphi process, with teleconference discussions between rounds. Results: Forty-nine professionals started the consensus process; 39 (80%) completed all aspects. Numerous care processes were appropriate for all clients, with additional focus on barriers for low-income clients, sodium intake for clients with hypertension, and smoking cessation in smokers. Conclusions: The resulting care map, “Dietitians’ Quick Reference Guide for Clinical Nutrition Therapy for Overweight Clients with Dyslipidemia,” provides a basis for current practice and new effectiveness studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula M. Brauer
- Department of Family Relations & Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph ON
| | - Rhona M. Hanning
- Department of Health Studies and Gerontology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON
| | - Jose F. Arocha
- Department of Health Studies and Gerontology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON
| | | | - Andrew Grant
- CRED Collaboration in Research for Effective Diagnostics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke QC
| | | | - Roselle Martino
- Dietitians of Canada Diabetes, Obesity and Cardiovascular Network, Toronto, ON
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Wagemakers JJMF, Prynne CJ, Stephen AM, Wadsworth MEJ. Consumption of red or processed meat does not predict risk factors for coronary heart disease; results from a cohort of British adults in 1989 and 1999. Eur J Clin Nutr 2007; 63:303-11. [PMID: 18000518 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate whether a high consumption of red or processed meat is associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). SUBJECTS/METHODS The subjects were 517 men and 635 women, who were members of the Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development, 1946 birth cohort. Assessment of diet was carried out at two time points 1989 and 1999 with outcome measures collected in 1999. Food intake data were recorded in 5-day diaries. Meat consumption was estimated by adding individual meat portions to the meat fractions of composite dishes. RESULTS There was no significant association between red or processed meat consumption in 1989 and 1999 and serum cholesterol concentrations and blood pressure measured in 1999. The combined intake of red and processed meat in 1999 had a significant positive association with blood pressure in men only. Red and processed meat intakes in 1989, separately and combined, had a significant positive association with waist circumference in 1999: a 10 g increase in red meat consumption accounted for a 0.3 cm increase in waist circumference; P=0.04 (men), 0.05 (women). CONCLUSIONS Consumption of red or processed meat assessed separately was not related to the major risk factors for CHD but contributed to increased waist circumference that has also been identified as a risk factor.
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