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Jung W, Yuan D, Kellman B, Gonzalez IGDS, Clemens R, Milan EP, Sprinz E, Cerbino Neto J, Smolenov I, Alter G, McNamara RP, Costa Clemens SA. Boosting with adjuvanted SCB-2019 elicits superior Fcγ-receptor engagement driven by IgG3 to SARS-CoV-2 spike. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:7. [PMID: 38182593 PMCID: PMC10770118 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00791-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
With the continued emergence of variants of concern, the global threat of COVID-19 persists, particularly in low- and middle-income countries with limited vaccine access. Protein-based vaccines, such as SCB-2019, can be produced on a large scale at a low cost while antigen design and adjuvant use can modulate efficacy and safety. While effective humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 variants has been shown to depend on both neutralization and Fc-mediated immunity, data on the effectiveness of protein-based vaccines with enhanced Fc-mediated immunity is limited. Here, we assess the humoral profile, including antibody isotypes, subclasses, and Fc receptor binding generated by a boosting with a recombinant trimer-tag protein vaccine SCB-2019. Individuals who were primed with 2 doses of the ChAdOx1 vaccine were equally divided into 4 groups and boosted with following formulations: Group 1: 9 μg SCB-2019 and Alhydrogel; Group 2: 9 μg SCB-2019, CpG 1018, and Alhydrogel; Group 3: 30 μg SCB-2019, CpG 1018, and Alhydrogel; Group 4: ChAdOx1. Group 3 showed enhanced antibody FcγR binding against wild-type and variants compared to Groups 1 and 2, showing a dose-dependent enhancement of immunity conferred by the SCB-2019 vaccine. Moreover, from day 15 after vaccination, Group 3 exhibited higher IgG3 and FcγR binding across variants of concerns, including Omicron and its subvariants, compared to the ChAdOx1-boosted individuals. Overall, this highlights the potential of SCB-2019 as a cost-efficient boosting regimen effective across variants of concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonyeong Jung
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dansu Yuan
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Ralf Clemens
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eveline Pipolo Milan
- Centro de Estudos e Pesquisa em Moléstias Infecciosas Ltda. (CEPCLIN), Natal, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Sprinz
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - José Cerbino Neto
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ryan P McNamara
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Sue Ann Costa Clemens
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oxford, and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
- Siena University, Siena, Italy
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2
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Aberg JA, Shepherd B, Wang M, Madruga JV, Mendo Urbina F, Katlama C, Schrader S, Eron JJ, Kumar PN, Sprinz E, Gartland M, Chabria S, Clark A, Pierce A, Lataillade M, Tenorio AR. Week 240 Efficacy and Safety of Fostemsavir Plus Optimized Background Therapy in Heavily Treatment-Experienced Adults with HIV-1. Infect Dis Ther 2023; 12:2321-2335. [PMID: 37751019 PMCID: PMC10581994 DOI: 10.1007/s40121-023-00870-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Efficacy and safety of the attachment inhibitor fostemsavir + optimized background therapy (OBT) were evaluated through 48 and 96 weeks in the phase 3 BRIGHTE trial in heavily treatment-experienced (HTE) adults failing their current antiretroviral regimen. Here, we report 240-week efficacy and safety of fostemsavir + OBT in adults with multidrug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 in BRIGHTE. METHODS Heavily treatment-experienced adults failing their current regimen entered the randomized cohort (RC; 1-2 fully active antiretrovirals available) or non-randomized cohort (NRC; no fully active antiretrovirals available) and received open-label fostemsavir + OBT (starting Day 8 in RC and Day 1 in NRC). Endpoints included proportion with virologic response (HIV-1 RNA < 40 copies/mL, Snapshot), immunologic efficacy, and safety. RESULTS At Week 240, 45% and 22% of the RC and NRC, respectively, had virologic response (Snapshot); 7% of the RC and 5% of the NRC had missing data due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-impacted visits. In the observed analysis, 82% of the RC and 66% of the NRC had virologic response. At Week 240, mean change from baseline in CD4+ T-cell count was 296 cells/mm3 (RC) and 240 cells/mm3 (NRC); mean CD4+/CD8+ ratio increased between Weeks 96 and 240 (RC 0.44 to 0.60; NRC 0.23 to 0.32). Between Weeks 96 and 240, four participants discontinued for adverse events, one additional participant experienced a drug-related serious adverse event, and six deaths occurred (median last available CD4+ T-cell count, 3 cells/mm3). COVID-19-related events occurred in 25 out of 371 participants; all resolved without incident. CONCLUSION Through ~5 years, fostemsavir + OBT demonstrated durable virologic and immunologic responses with no new safety concerns between Weeks 96 and 240, supporting this regimen as a key therapeutic option for HTE people with multidrug-resistant HIV-1. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02362503.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith A Aberg
- Division of Infectious Diseases Mount Sinai Health System, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1090, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | | | - Marcia Wang
- GSK, 1250 S Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | - Jose V Madruga
- CRT-DST/AIDS SP, Rua Santa Cruz 81, Vila Mariana, São Paulo, CEP: 04121-000, Brazil
| | - Fernando Mendo Urbina
- Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, Av. Edgardo Rebagliati 490, Jesús María, 15072, Peru
| | - Christine Katlama
- Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, INSERM-Sorbonne Universités, 47-83 Bd de l'hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Shannon Schrader
- Schrader Clinic, 2211 Norfolk Street #1050, Houston, TX, 77098, USA
| | - Joseph J Eron
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, 321 S Columbia Street, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Princy N Kumar
- Georgetown University Medical Center, 37th and O Street, N.W., Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Eduardo Sprinz
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, R. Ramiro Barcelos, 2350 - Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Margaret Gartland
- ViiV Healthcare, 406 Blackwell Street, Suite 300, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
| | - Shiven Chabria
- ViiV Healthcare, 36 E Industrial Road, Branford, CT, 06405, USA
| | - Andrew Clark
- ViiV Healthcare, 980 Great West Road, Brentford, TW8 9GS, Middlesex, UK
| | - Amy Pierce
- ViiV Healthcare, 406 Blackwell Street, Suite 300, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
| | - Max Lataillade
- ViiV Healthcare, 36 E Industrial Road, Branford, CT, 06405, USA
| | - Allan R Tenorio
- ViiV Healthcare, 406 Blackwell Street, Suite 300, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
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3
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O’Halloran JA, Ko ER, Anstrom KJ, Kedar E, McCarthy MW, Panettieri RA, Maillo M, Nunez PS, Lachiewicz AM, Gonzalez C, Smith PB, de Tai SMT, Khan A, Lora AJM, Salathe M, Capo G, Gonzalez DR, Patterson TF, Palma C, Ariza H, Lima MP, Blamoun J, Nannini EC, Sprinz E, Mykietiuk A, Alicic R, Rauseo AM, Wolfe CR, Witting B, Wang JP, Parra-Rodriguez L, Der T, Willsey K, Wen J, Silverstein A, O’Brien SM, Al-Khalidi HR, Maldonado MA, Melsheimer R, Ferguson WG, McNulty SE, Zakroysky P, Halabi S, Benjamin DK, Butler S, Atkinson JC, Adam SJ, Chang S, LaVange L, Proschan M, Bozzette SA, Powderly WG. Abatacept, Cenicriviroc, or Infliximab for Treatment of Adults Hospitalized With COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2023; 330:328-339. [PMID: 37428480 PMCID: PMC10334296 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2023.11043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Importance Immune dysregulation contributes to poorer outcomes in COVID-19. Objective To investigate whether abatacept, cenicriviroc, or infliximab provides benefit when added to standard care for COVID-19 pneumonia. Design, Setting, and Participants Randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled clinical trial using a master protocol to investigate immunomodulators added to standard care for treatment of participants hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia. The results of 3 substudies are reported from 95 hospitals at 85 clinical research sites in the US and Latin America. Hospitalized patients 18 years or older with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection within 14 days and evidence of pulmonary involvement underwent randomization between October 2020 and December 2021. Interventions Single infusion of abatacept (10 mg/kg; maximum dose, 1000 mg) or infliximab (5 mg/kg) or a 28-day oral course of cenicriviroc (300-mg loading dose followed by 150 mg twice per day). Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was time to recovery by day 28 evaluated using an 8-point ordinal scale (higher scores indicate better health). Recovery was defined as the first day the participant scored at least 6 on the ordinal scale. Results Of the 1971 participants randomized across the 3 substudies, the mean (SD) age was 54.8 (14.6) years and 1218 (61.8%) were men. The primary end point of time to recovery from COVID-19 pneumonia was not significantly different for abatacept (recovery rate ratio [RRR], 1.12 [95% CI, 0.98-1.28]; P = .09), cenicriviroc (RRR, 1.01 [95% CI, 0.86-1.18]; P = .94), or infliximab (RRR, 1.12 [95% CI, 0.99-1.28]; P = .08) compared with placebo. All-cause 28-day mortality was 11.0% for abatacept vs 15.1% for placebo (odds ratio [OR], 0.62 [95% CI, 0.41-0.94]), 13.8% for cenicriviroc vs 11.9% for placebo (OR, 1.18 [95% CI 0.72-1.94]), and 10.1% for infliximab vs 14.5% for placebo (OR, 0.59 [95% CI, 0.39-0.90]). Safety outcomes were comparable between active treatment and placebo, including secondary infections, in all 3 substudies. Conclusions and Relevance Time to recovery from COVID-19 pneumonia among hospitalized participants was not significantly different for abatacept, cenicriviroc, or infliximab vs placebo. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04593940.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily R. Ko
- Duke University Health System, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Cynthia Gonzalez
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - P. Brian Smith
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Akram Khan
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Christopher Palma
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | | | | | | | | | - Eduardo Sprinz
- Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre HCPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Radica Alicic
- Providence Medical Research Center, Spokane, Washington
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Tatyana Der
- Duke University Health System, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Jun Wen
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Adam Silverstein
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Sean M. O’Brien
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Hussein R. Al-Khalidi
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | | | | | - Steven E. McNulty
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Pearl Zakroysky
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Susan Halabi
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Daniel K. Benjamin
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Sandra Butler
- Technical Resources International (TRI), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jane C. Atkinson
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Stacey J. Adam
- Foundation for the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Soju Chang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Michael Proschan
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Samuel A. Bozzette
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
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Patel J, Bass D, Beishuizen A, Bocca Ruiz X, Boughanmi H, Cahn A, Colombo H, Criner GJ, Davy K, de-Miguel-Díez J, Doreski PA, Fernandes S, François B, Gupta A, Hanrott K, Hatlen T, Inman D, Isaacs JD, Jarvis E, Kostina N, Kropotina T, Lacherade JC, Lakshminarayanan D, Martinez-Ayala P, McEvoy C, Meziani F, Monchi M, Mukherjee S, Muñoz-Bermúdez R, Neisen J, O'Shea C, Plantefeve G, Schifano L, Schwab LE, Shahid Z, Shirano M, Smith JE, Sprinz E, Summers C, Terzi N, Tidswell MA, Trefilova Y, Williamson R, Wyncoll D, Layton M. A randomised trial of anti-GM-CSF otilimab in severe COVID-19 pneumonia (OSCAR). Eur Respir J 2023; 61:13993003.01870-2021. [PMID: 36229048 PMCID: PMC9558428 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01870-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and dysregulated myeloid cell responses are implicated in the pathophysiology and severity of COVID-19. METHODS In this randomised, sequential, multicentre, placebo-controlled, double-blind study, adults aged 18-79 years (Part 1) or ≥70 years (Part 2) with severe COVID-19, respiratory failure and systemic inflammation (elevated C-reactive protein/ferritin) received a single intravenous infusion of otilimab 90 mg (human anti-GM-CSF monoclonal antibody) plus standard care (NCT04376684). The primary outcome was the proportion of patients alive and free of respiratory failure at Day 28. RESULTS In Part 1 (n=806 randomised 1:1 otilimab:placebo), 71% of otilimab-treated patients were alive and free of respiratory failure at Day 28 versus 67% who received placebo; the model-adjusted difference of 5.3% was not statistically significant (95% CI -0.8-11.4%, p=0.09). A nominally significant model-adjusted difference of 19.1% (95% CI 5.2-33.1%, p=0.009) was observed in the predefined 70-79 years subgroup, but this was not confirmed in Part 2 (n=350 randomised) where the model-adjusted difference was 0.9% (95% CI -9.3-11.2%, p=0.86). Compared with placebo, otilimab resulted in lower serum concentrations of key inflammatory markers, including the putative pharmacodynamic biomarker CC chemokine ligand 17, indicative of GM-CSF pathway blockade. Adverse events were comparable between groups and consistent with severe COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS There was no significant difference in the proportion of patients alive and free of respiratory failure at Day 28. However, despite the lack of clinical benefit, a reduction in inflammatory markers was observed with otilimab, in addition to an acceptable safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatin Patel
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | | | | | - Xavier Bocca Ruiz
- Servicio de Neumonologia, Clinica Monte Grande, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hatem Boughanmi
- Service de Réanimation, CH Valenciennes - Hôpital Jean Bernard, Valenciennes Cedex, France
| | | | | | - Gerard J. Criner
- Dept of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Javier de-Miguel-Díez
- Respiratory Dept, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Bruno François
- Service Réanimation Polyvalente and Inserm CIC1435 & UMR1092, CHU Limoges, Limoges Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | - Dave Inman
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | - John D. Isaacs
- Newcastle University and Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | | | | | - Jean-Claude Lacherade
- Service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation, CHD Vendée - Site De La Roche-sur-Yon, La Roche-Sur-Yon, France
| | | | | | - Charlene McEvoy
- Regions Hospital, St. Paul, MN, USA
- Methodist Hospital, St. Louis Park, MN, USA
- HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington, MN, USA
| | - Ferhat Meziani
- Dept of Intensive Care, Service de Médecine Intensive - Réanimation, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Hôpital Universitaire de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- CRICS-TRIGGERSEP F-CRIN Network, Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gaëtan Plantefeve
- Service de Réanimation Polyvalente, CH Victor Dupouy, Argenteuil, France
| | | | | | - Zainab Shahid
- Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Eduardo Sprinz
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Charlotte Summers
- Dept of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicolas Terzi
- Médecine Intensive Réanimation, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
- INSERM U1042, Grenoble, France
| | - Mark A. Tidswell
- Pulmonary and Critical Care, Baystate Medical Centre, Springfield, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Duncan Wyncoll
- Dept of Critical Care, Guy's and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Mark Layton
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
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5
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Pasqualotto AC, Queiroz-Telles F, Chebabo A, Leitao TMJS, Falci DR, Xavier MO, Bay MB, Sprinz E, Dalla Lana D, Vincentini AP, Damasceno LS, Schwarzbold AV, Ferreira PA, Godoy CM, Vidal JE, Basso R, Driemeyer C, Aquino VR, Severo CB, Ferreira MS, Bastos C, Prohaska F, Melo M, Cavassin FB, Lacerda M, Soares R, Zancope-Oliveira R, Teixeira M, Perez F, Caceres DH, Rodriguez-Tudela JL, Chiller T, Colombo AL. The "Histoplasmosis Porto Alegre manifesto"-Addressing disseminated histoplasmosis in AIDS. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0010960. [PMID: 36602963 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alberto Chebabo
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Diego R Falci
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Monica B Bay
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Sprinz
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rossana Basso
- Universidade Federal de Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marcus Lacerda
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Renata Soares
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | | | - Freddy Perez
- Panamerican Health Organization, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | | | | | - Tom Chiller
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
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Gonzales TL, Skarda P, Bird TG, Schnaus M, Steiner M, Skolnick A, Gary Barnette K, Gordon MS, Sprinz E, Rodriguez D, Rodriguez D, Kalaydzhiev P, Arabadzhiev G. LB1530. Clinical Benefit of Oral sabizabulin for Hospitalized Adults with CoVID-19 on Supplemental Oxygen. Open Forum Infect Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac492.1876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Sabizabulin is an oral, novel microtubule disruptor with dual antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities. A randomized, multicenter placebo-controlled Phase 3 clinical trial was conducted in hospitalized moderate-severe COVID-19 patients at high-risk for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and death. Patients were randomized (2:1) to sabizabulin 9mg or placebo oral daily dose (up to 21 days). In a planned interim analysis, sabizabulin treatment resulted in a 55.2% relative reduction in mortality compared to placebo.
Methods
The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality up to day 60. Key secondary endpoints were days in intensive care unit (ICU), on mechanical ventilation, and in hospital. Randomization was stratified by oxygen requirement at baseline (WHO 4 = supplemental oxygen, WHO 5 = NIV/forced oxygen, WHO 6 = mechanical ventilation). The WHO 4 patients also were required to have at least one comorbidity (Asthma, Chronic Lung Disease, Diabetes, Hypertension, Severe Obesity (BMI ≥40), ≥65 years of age, in a nursing/long-term care facility, or immunocompromised). A post-hoc analysis of the key efficacy outcomes in WHO 4 at baseline patients with a comorbidity was conducted.
Results
A total of 88 patients classified as WHO 4 with a baseline comorbidity underwent randomization (59 sabizabulin/29 placebo). Baseline characteristics were similar. Sabizabulin treatment resulted in a 22.4 absolute percentage point and 81.2% relative reduction in deaths compared to the placebo (odds ratio 6.22, 95% CI [1.58 to 24.48], p=0.0090). Mortality rate was 5.2% (3 of 58) for sabizabulin versus 27.6% (8 of 29) for placebo. Key secondary endpoints: sabizabulin treatment resulted in relative reductions of 74.7% in days in ICU (p=0.0021), 80.7% in days on mechanical ventilation (p=0.0019), and 39.8% in days in hospital (p=0.0191) vs placebo.
Conclusion
Statistically and clinically significant reductions in mortality, days in the ICU, on mechanical ventilation, and in the hospital were observed in the sabizabulin treated compared to placebo hospitalized COVID-19 WHO-4 patients with at least one comorbidity suggesting that the antiviral action of sabizabulin contributes early in the prevention of COVID-19 progression to ARDS and death.
Disclosures
Tara L. Gonzales, MD, Veru Inc.: Employee Mitchell Steiner, MD, Veru, Inc: Board Member|Veru, Inc: Stocks/Bonds K. Gary Barnette, PhD, Veru Inc.: Employee|Veru Inc.: Ownership Interest Michael S. Gordon, MD, Agenus: Grant/Research Support|Arcus: Grant/Research Support|Astex: Grant/Research Support|ATEA: Grant/Research Support|Beigene: Grant/Research Support|Caremission: Ownership Interest|Celldex: Grant/Research Support|Corcept: Grant/Research Support|Daiichi: Grant/Research Support|Deciphera: Grant/Research Support|Endocyte: Grant/Research Support|Forma: Grant/Research Support|FujiFilm: Grant/Research Support|Genentech/Roche: Grant/Research Support|I-MAB Pharma: Grant/Research Support|Imaginab: Advisor/Consultant|Imaginab: Grant/Research Support|Imaging Endpoints: Advisor/Consultant|Incyte: Grant/Research Support|Kinevant: Grant/Research Support|Medelis: Ownership Interest|Medimmune: Grant/Research Support|Morphic Tx: Advisor/Consultant|Nikang: Grant/Research Support|OncoResponse: Grant/Research Support|OnQuality: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Pionyr: Grant/Research Support|Plexxicon: Grant/Research Support|Qualigen: Advisor/Consultant|RedHill Bio: Grant/Research Support|Revolution Medicine: Grant/Research Support|Riboscience: Grant/Research Support|Seattle Genetics: Grant/Research Support|Serono: Grant/Research Support|SQZ Biotech: Grant/Research Support|Syndax: Grant/Research Support|Theseus: Grant/Research Support|Tolero: Grant/Research Support|Tracon: Grant/Research Support|Vedanta: Grant/Research Support|Veru: Grant/Research Support Eduardo Sprinz, MD; MsC, ScD, Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Board Member|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|GSK: Board Member|GSK: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Honoraria|Janssen: Advisor/Consultant|Janssen: Board Member|Janssen: Honoraria Domingo Rodriguez, n/a, Veru: Stocks/Bonds Domingo Rodriguez, n/a, Veru: Stocks/Bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eduardo Sprinz
- Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre - UFRGS , Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil
| | | | | | - Petar Kalaydzhiev
- University Multiprofile Hospital for Active Treatment ”Tsaritsa Yoanna-ISUL” EAD , Sofia, Sofia, Sofiya , Bulgaria
| | - Georgi Arabadzhiev
- University Multiprofile Hospital for Active Treatment , Stara Zagora, Stara Zagora , Bulgaria
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7
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O'Halloran JA, Kedar E, Anstrom KJ, McCarthy MW, Ko ER, Nunez PS, Boucher C, Smith PB, Panettieri RA, de Tai SMT, Maillo M, Khan A, Mena Lora AJ, Salathe M, Capo G, Gonzalez DR, Patterson TF, Palma C, Ariza H, Lima MP, Lachiewicz AM, Blamoun J, Nannini EC, Sprinz E, Mykietiuk A, Alicic R, Rauseo AM, Wolfe CR, Witting B, Benjamin DK, McNulty SE, Zakroysky P, Halabi S, Butler S, Atkinson J, Adam SJ, Melsheimer R, Chang S, LaVange L, Proschan M, Bozzette SA, Powderly WG. Infliximab for Treatment of Adults Hospitalized with Moderate or Severe Covid-19. medRxiv 2022:2022.09.22.22280245. [PMID: 36172138 PMCID: PMC9516856 DOI: 10.1101/2022.09.22.22280245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Immune dysregulation contributes to poorer outcomes in severe Covid-19. Immunomodulators targeting various pathways have improved outcomes. We investigated whether infliximab provides benefit over standard of care. Methods We conducted a master protocol investigating immunomodulators for potential benefit in treatment of participants hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia. We report results for infliximab (single dose infusion) versus shared placebo both with standard of care. Primary outcome was time to recovery by day 29 (28 days after randomization). Key secondary endpoints included 14-day clinical status and 28-day mortality. Results A total of 1033 participants received study drug (517 infliximab, 516 placebo). Mean age was 54.8 years, 60.3% were male, 48.6% Hispanic or Latino, and 14% Black. No statistically significant difference in the primary endpoint was seen with infliximab compared with placebo (recovery rate ratio 1.13, 95% CI 0.99-1.29; p=0.063). Median (IQR) time to recovery was 8 days (7, 9) for infliximab and 9 days (8, 10) for placebo. Participants assigned to infliximab were more likely to have an improved clinical status at day 14 (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.05-1.66). Twenty-eight-day mortality was 10.1% with infliximab versus 14.5% with placebo, with 41% lower odds of dying in those receiving infliximab (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.39-0.90). No differences in risk of serious adverse events including secondary infections. Conclusions Infliximab did not demonstrate statistically significant improvement in time to recovery. It was associated with improved 14-day clinical status and substantial reduction in 28- day mortality compared with standard of care. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov ( NCT04593940 ).
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Ko ER, Anstrom KJ, Panettieri RA, Lachiewicz AM, Maillo M, O'Halloran JA, Boucher C, Smith PB, McCarthy MW, Segura Nunez P, Mendivil Tuchia de Tai S, Khan A, Mena Lora AJ, Salathe M, Kedar E, Capo G, Rodríguez Gonzalez D, Patterson TF, Palma C, Ariza H, Patelli Lima M, Blamoun J, Nannini EC, Sprinz E, Mykietiuk A, Wang JP, Parra-Rodriguez L, Der T, Willsey K, Benjamin DK, Wen J, Zakroysky P, Halabi S, Silverstein A, McNulty SE, O'Brien SM, Al-Khalidi HR, Butler S, Atkinson J, Adam SJ, Chang S, Maldonado MA, Proscham M, LaVange L, Bozzette SA, Powderly WG. Abatacept for Treatment of Adults Hospitalized with Moderate or Severe Covid-19. medRxiv 2022:2022.09.22.22280247. [PMID: 36203544 PMCID: PMC9536071 DOI: 10.1101/2022.09.22.22280247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated whether abatacept, a selective costimulation modulator, provides additional benefit when added to standard-of-care for patients hospitalized with Covid-19. METHODS We conducted a master protocol to investigate immunomodulators for potential benefit treating patients hospitalized with Covid-19 and report results for abatacept. Intravenous abatacept (one-time dose 10 mg/kg, maximum dose 1000 mg) plus standard of care (SOC) was compared with shared placebo plus SOC. Primary outcome was time-to-recovery by day 28. Key secondary endpoints included 28-day mortality. RESULTS Between October 16, 2020 and December 31, 2021, a total of 1019 participants received study treatment (509 abatacept; 510 shared placebo), constituting the modified intention-to-treat cohort. Participants had a mean age 54.8 (SD 14.6) years, 60.5% were male, 44.2% Hispanic/Latino and 13.7% Black. No statistically significant difference for the primary endpoint of time-to-recovery was found with a recovery-rate-ratio of 1.14 (95% CI 1.00-1.29; p=0.057) compared with placebo. We observed a substantial improvement in 28-day all-cause mortality with abatacept versus placebo (11.0% vs. 15.1%; odds ratio [OR] 0.62 [95% CI 0.41- 0.94]), leading to 38% lower odds of dying. Improvement in mortality occurred for participants requiring oxygen/noninvasive ventilation at randomization. Subgroup analysis identified the strongest effect in those with baseline C-reactive protein >75mg/L. We found no statistically significant differences in adverse events, with safety composite index slightly favoring abatacept. Rates of secondary infections were similar (16.1% for abatacept; 14.3% for placebo). CONCLUSIONS Addition of single-dose intravenous abatacept to standard-of-care demonstrated no statistically significant change in time-to-recovery, but improved 28-day mortality. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov ( NCT04593940 ).
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9
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Barnette KG, Gordon MS, Rodriguez D, Bird TG, Skolnick A, Schnaus M, Skarda PK, Lobo S, Sprinz E, Arabadzhiev G, Kalaydzhiev P, Steiner M. Oral Sabizabulin for High-Risk, Hospitalized Adults with Covid-19: Interim Analysis. NEJM Evid 2022; 1:EVIDoa2200145. [PMID: 38319812 DOI: 10.1056/evidoa2200145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Oral Sabizabulin for High-Risk Adults with Covid-19Barnette et al. report on an interim analysis of a phase 3 randomized controlled trial of the orally available novel microtubule disruptor sabizabulin for severe Covid-19. They find a reduction in 60-day mortality from 45.1% to 20.2%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Alan Skolnick
- Memorial Hermann, Memorial City Medical Center, Houston
| | | | | | - Suzana Lobo
- Fundação Faculdade Regional de Medicina, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Sprinz
- Infectologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Centro de Pesquisa Clínica, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Petar Kalaydzhiev
- University Multiprofile Hospital for Active Treatment, Sofia, Bulgaria
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10
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Clemens SAC, Milan EP, Sprinz E, Neto JC, Pacciarini F, Li P, Chen HL, Smolenov I, Pollard A, Clemens R. Homologous and heterologous boosting of the ChAdOx1-S1-S COVID-19 vaccine with the SCB-2019 vaccine candidate: a randomized, controlled, phase 2 study. Open Forum Infect Dis 2022; 9:ofac418. [PMID: 36043184 PMCID: PMC9384758 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ongoing outbreaks of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are driven by waning immunity following primary immunizations and emergence of new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants that escape vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies. It has been suggested that heterologous boosters could enhance and potentially maintain population immunity. Methods We assessed the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of booster doses of different formulations of aluminium hydroxide–adjuvanted SCB-2019 vaccine (9 μg of SCB-2019, with or without CpG-1018 adjuvant, or 30 μg of SCB-2019 with CpG-1018) in Brazilian adults primed with ChAdOx1-S vector vaccine. S-protein antibodies and ACE2-binding inhibition were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on days 1, 15, and 29. Participants self-reported solicited adverse events and reactions. Results All SCB-2019 formulations increased S-protein ELISA antibodies and ACE2 binding inhibition to a greater extent than ChAdOx1-S. After 30 μg of SCB-2019 + CpG + aluminium hydroxide, titers against wild-type S-protein were significantly higher than after ChAdOx1-S on days 15 and 29, as were titers of neutralizing antibodies against the wild-type strain and Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron variants. Boosting with SCB-2019 or ChAdOx1-S was well tolerated, with no vaccine-related serious or severe adverse events. Conclusions Boosting ChAdOx1-S-primed adults with SCB-2019 induced higher levels of antibodies against a wild-type strain and SARS-CoV-2 variants than a homologous ChAdOx1-S booster, with the highest responses being with the 30-μg SCB-2019 + CpG + aluminium hydroxide formulation. Clinical Trials Registration NCT05087368
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Ann Costa Clemens
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oxford, and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre , Oxford , United Kingdom
- Siena University , Siena , Italy
| | - Eveline Pipolo Milan
- Centro de Estudos e Pesquisa em Moléstias Infecciosas Ltda. (CEPCLIN) , Natal , Brazil
| | - Eduardo Sprinz
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | | | | | - Ping Li
- Clover Biopharmaceuticals Inc. , Cambridge, MA , USA
| | - Hui Ling Chen
- Clover Biopharmaceuticals Inc. , Cambridge, MA , USA
| | - Igor Smolenov
- Clover Biopharmaceuticals Inc. , Cambridge, MA , USA
| | - Andrew Pollard
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oxford, and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre , Oxford , United Kingdom
| | - Ralf Clemens
- International Vaccine Institute , Seoul , Republic of Korea
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Kulmann-Leal B, Ellwanger JH, Valverde-Villegas JM, Simon D, Marangon CG, Mattevi VS, Lazzaretti RK, Kuhmmer R, Sprinz E, Chies JAB. TLR9 2848 G/A Gene Polymorphism in HCV+, HIV+, and HCV+/HIV+ Individuals. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2022; 26:263-269. [PMID: 35575727 PMCID: PMC9150134 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2021.0288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Host genetic factors have a major impact on susceptibility to infections. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and their polymorphisms affect infectious diseases once they are directly involved in immune responses. The 2848 G/A variant (rs352140) of the TLR9 gene is associated with increased TLR9 expression. However, the impact of rs352140 on HIV+, HCV+, and HCV+/HIV+ individuals is still debated. Materials and Methods: This study investigated the 2848 G/A polymorphism in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and HCV/HIV coinfection in a large sample of Brazilians (n = 1182). Groups were compared without considering stratification by ethnicity and subsequently stratifying individuals into groups of whites and nonwhites. Results: Considering nonwhite individuals, a significant difference between the HIV+/HCV+ group and controls was observed (p = 0.023; GG genotype as a protective factor). In addition, significant allele differences were observed between the HCV+ group and controls (p = 0.042), between the HIV+/HCV+ group and controls (p = 0.011), and between the HIV+/HCV+ group and HIV+ individuals (p = 0.047). However, all significant results are lost if adjustment by multiple comparisons is applied (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Although our initial results indicate a potential influence of rs352140 on altered host susceptibility to viral infections, no statistical influence of polymorphism on protection from/susceptibility to infections was observed in Brazilians if adjustment by multiple comparisons is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Kulmann-Leal
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia e Imunogenética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Joel Henrique Ellwanger
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia e Imunogenética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline María Valverde-Villegas
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia e Imunogenética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier (IGMM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Coopératif IGMM/ABIVAX, UMR 5535, Montpellier, France
| | - Daniel Simon
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular Humana, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, Brazil
| | - Camila Guerra Marangon
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular Humana, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Suñé Mattevi
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rosmeri Kuhmmer Lazzaretti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Cardiologia e Ciências Cardiovasculares, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Regina Kuhmmer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Cardiologia e Ciências Cardiovasculares, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Sprinz
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - José Artur Bogo Chies
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia e Imunogenética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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12
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Amaral S, Brites C, Sprinz E. Integrase Inhibitors Use for HIV Infection in Pregnancy. Curr Infect Dis Rep 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11908-022-00774-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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13
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Bravo L, Smolenov I, Han HH, Li P, Hosain R, Rockhold F, Clemens SAC, Roa C, Borja-Tabora C, Quinsaat A, Lopez P, López-Medina E, Brochado L, Hernández EA, Reynales H, Medina T, Velasquez H, Toloza LB, Rodriguez EJ, de Salazar DIM, Rodríguez CA, Sprinz E, Cerbino-Neto J, Luz KG, Schwarzbold AV, Paiva MS, Carlos J, Montellano MEB, de Los Reyes MRA, Yu CY, Alberto ER, Panaligan MM, Salvani-Bautista M, Buntinx E, Hites M, Martinot JB, Bhorat QE, Badat A, Baccarini C, Hu B, Jurgens J, Engelbrecht J, Ambrosino D, Richmond P, Siber G, Liang J, Clemens R. Efficacy of the adjuvanted subunit protein COVID-19 vaccine, SCB-2019: a phase 2 and 3 multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2022; 399:461-472. [PMID: 35065705 PMCID: PMC8776284 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(22)00055-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A range of safe and effective vaccines against SARS CoV 2 are needed to address the COVID 19 pandemic. We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccine SCB-2019. METHODS This ongoing phase 2 and 3 double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was done in adults aged 18 years and older who were in good health or with a stable chronic health condition, at 31 sites in five countries (Belgium, Brazil, Colombia, Philippines, and South Africa). The participants were randomly assigned 1:1 using a centralised internet randomisation system to receive two 0·5 mL intramuscular doses of SCB-2019 (30 μg, adjuvanted with 1·50 mg CpG-1018 and 0·75 mg alum) or placebo (0·9% sodium chloride for injection supplied in 10 mL ampoules) 21 days apart. All study staff and participants were masked, but vaccine administrators were not. Primary endpoints were vaccine efficacy, measured by RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 of any severity with onset from 14 days after the second dose in baseline SARS-CoV-2 seronegative participants (the per-protocol population), and the safety and solicited local and systemic adverse events in the phase 2 subset. This study is registered on EudraCT (2020-004272-17) and ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04672395). FINDINGS 30 174 participants were enrolled from March 24, 2021, until the cutoff date of Aug 10, 2021, of whom 30 128 received their first assigned vaccine (n=15 064) or a placebo injection (n=15 064). The per-protocol population consisted of 12 355 baseline SARS-CoV-2-naive participants (6251 vaccinees and 6104 placebo recipients). Most exclusions (13 389 [44·4%]) were because of seropositivity at baseline. There were 207 confirmed per-protocol cases of COVID-19 at 14 days after the second dose, 52 vaccinees versus 155 placebo recipients, and an overall vaccine efficacy against any severity COVID-19 of 67·2% (95·72% CI 54·3-76·8), 83·7% (97·86% CI 55·9-95·4) against moderate-to-severe COVID-19, and 100% (97·86% CI 25·3-100·0) against severe COVID-19. All COVID-19 cases were due to virus variants; vaccine efficacy against any severity COVID-19 due to the three predominant variants was 78·7% (95% CI 57·3-90·4) for delta, 91·8% (44·9-99·8) for gamma, and 58·6% (13·3-81·5) for mu. No safety issues emerged in the follow-up period for the efficacy analysis (median of 82 days [IQR 63-103]). The vaccine elicited higher rates of mainly mild-to-moderate injection site pain than the placebo after the first (35·7% [287 of 803] vs 10·3% [81 of 786]) and second (26·9% [189 of 702] vs 7·4% [52 of 699]) doses, but the rates of other solicited local and systemic adverse events were similar between the groups. INTERPRETATION Two doses of SCB-2019 vaccine plus CpG and alum provides notable protection against the entire severity spectrum of COVID-19 caused by circulating SAR-CoV-2 viruses, including the predominating delta variant. FUNDING Clover Biopharmaceuticals and the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Bravo
- University of the Philippines Manila, Ermita, Manila, Philippines
| | | | | | - Ping Li
- Clover Biopharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Frank Rockhold
- Duke University Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Camilo Roa
- Manila Doctors Hospital, Manila, Philippines
| | | | | | - Pio Lopez
- Centro de Estudios en Infectología Pediátrica, Universidad Del Valle Clínica Imbanaco, Cali, Colombia
| | - Eduardo López-Medina
- Centro de Estudios en Infectología Pediátrica, Universidad Del Valle Clínica Imbanaco, Cali, Colombia
| | | | | | | | - Tatiana Medina
- Center of Attention in Medical Research, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Eduardo Sprinz
- Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Maria Sanali Paiva
- Atena Institute of Clinical Research, Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Josefina Carlos
- University of the East Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Medical Center, Quezon City, Philippines
| | | | | | - Charles Y Yu
- De La Salle Medical and Health Sciences Institute, Cavite City, Philippines
| | | | - Mario M Panaligan
- Infection Control Service, St Luke's Medical Center, Taguig, Philippines
| | | | | | - Maya Hites
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, CUB-Hôpital Erasme, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Jean-Benoit Martinot
- Pulmonology Department, CHU Universite Catholique de Louvain Namur Site Sainte-Elisabeth, Namur, Belgium
| | - Qasim E Bhorat
- Soweto Clinical Trials Centre, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Aysha Badat
- Wits Clinical Research, Soweto, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Branda Hu
- Clover Biopharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jaco Jurgens
- DJW Research, Noordheuwel, Krugersdorp, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Jan Engelbrecht
- Dr JM Engelbrecht Trial Site, Vergelegen Mediclinic, Western Cape, South Africa
| | | | - Peter Richmond
- Division of Paediatrics, University of Western Australia, Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute and Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | | | - Ralf Clemens
- Global Research in Infectious Diseases, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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14
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Clemens SAC, Folegatti PM, Emary KRW, Weckx LY, Ratcliff J, Bibi S, De Almeida Mendes AV, Milan EP, Pittella A, Schwarzbold AV, Sprinz E, Aley PK, Bonsall D, Fraser C, Fuskova M, Gilbert SC, Jenkin D, Kelly S, Kerridge S, Lambe T, Marchevsky NG, Mujadidi YF, Plested E, Ramasamy MN, Simmonds P, Golubchik T, Voysey M, Pollard AJ. Efficacy of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 lineages circulating in Brazil. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5861. [PMID: 34615860 PMCID: PMC8494913 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25982-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Several COVID-19 vaccines have shown good efficacy in clinical trials, but there remains uncertainty about the efficacy of vaccines against different variants. Here, we investigate the efficacy of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) against symptomatic COVID-19 in a post-hoc exploratory analysis of a Phase 3 randomised trial in Brazil (trial registration ISRCTN89951424). Nose and throat swabs were tested by PCR in symptomatic participants. Sequencing and genotyping of swabs were performed to determine the lineages of SARS-CoV-2 circulating during the study. Protection against any symptomatic COVID-19 caused by the Zeta (P.2) variant was assessed in 153 cases with vaccine efficacy (VE) of 69% (95% CI 55, 78). 49 cases of B.1.1.28 occurred and VE was 73% (46, 86). The Gamma (P.1) variant arose later in the trial and fewer cases (N = 18) were available for analysis. VE was 64% (-2, 87). ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 provided 95% protection (95% CI 61%, 99%) against hospitalisation due to COVID-19. In summary, we report that ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 protects against emerging variants in Brazil despite the presence of the spike protein mutation E484K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Ann Costa Clemens
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Institute of Global Health, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Pedro M Folegatti
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Katherine R W Emary
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lily Yin Weckx
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jeremy Ratcliff
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sagida Bibi
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ana Verena De Almeida Mendes
- Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Brazil and ID'OR, Salvador, Brazil
- Hospital São Rafael, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Pittella
- Hospital Quinta D'Or, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto D'Or de Pesquisa e Ensino (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidade Unigranrio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alexandre V Schwarzbold
- Clinical Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Sprinz
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Parvinder K Aley
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David Bonsall
- Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christophe Fraser
- Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michelle Fuskova
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah C Gilbert
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel Jenkin
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah Kelly
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Simon Kerridge
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Teresa Lambe
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Natalie G Marchevsky
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yama F Mujadidi
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Emma Plested
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Maheshi N Ramasamy
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter Simmonds
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tanya Golubchik
- Oxford Viral Sequencing Group, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Merryn Voysey
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Andrew J Pollard
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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15
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Brites C, Borges ÁH, Sprinz E, Page K. Editorial: HIV and Viral Co-infections. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:731337. [PMID: 34531845 PMCID: PMC8439274 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.731337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eduardo Sprinz
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SUL, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Kimberly Page
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
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Pezzini MF, Cheinquer H, de Araujo A, Schmidt-Cerski CT, Sprinz E, Herz-Wolff F, Poeta J. Transient Elastography in HIV Infected Patients with Liver Steatosis Identifies a High-Risk Group for Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis. Curr HIV Res 2021; 19:311-316. [PMID: 33632105 DOI: 10.2174/1570162x19666210225085002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aimed to assess the role of TE in HIV-infected patients with NAFLD. METHODS HIV-infected patients undergoing ART were enrolled between August 2016 and February 2017, following the inclusion criteria: ≥18 years with undetectable HIV viral load. Exclusion criteria included pregnancy, alcohol intake ≥20g/day and co-infection with hepatitis B or C. Patients underwent an abdominal US to diagnose liver steatosis. Significant fibrosis (≥F2) was considered when APRI>1.0, FIB4>3 and liver stiffness ≥7.1kPa. Subjects with TE ≥7.1kPa were prescribed a liver biopsy and the NAFLD Scoring System ≥3 was considered as a diagnosis of NASH. The poisson regression model was used to identify factors associated with liver steatosis. RESULTS 98 patients were included. The mean age of the subjects was 49±11 years and 53 (54.1%) were males. Liver steatosis was diagnosed in 31 patients (31.6%) and was independently associated with male sex (PR= 2.18) and higher BMI (PR=1.08). Among the 31 patients with NAFLD, 26 showed results for TE, APRI and FIB4. The prevalence of significant fibrosis assessed by TE, APRI and FIB4 was 26.9%, 6.4% and 3.2%, respectively. Seven patients (26.9%) had a TE result ≥7.1kPa, which was associated with higher triglyceride levels, FIB4 score and CAP values. Liver biopsy was perfomed on six of those with TE ≥7.1kPa and NASH was found in 5 (83.3%) and liver fibrosis without NASH in one. CONCLUSION NAFLD prevalence in HIV-infected patients is higher than the general population. TE ≥7.1kPa was not able to diagnose significant fibrosis but accurately detect a subgroup of patients at a high risk for NASH among HIV monoinfected individuals with steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Ferri Pezzini
- Post Graduate Program - Science in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Hugo Cheinquer
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alexandre de Araujo
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos T Schmidt-Cerski
- Pathology Division, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Sprinz
- Infectious Disease Service, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernando Herz-Wolff
- Liver Disease Center, Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Julia Poeta
- Science Health Institute, Centro Universitario Ritter dos Reis, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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17
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Kreitchmann R, Oliveira FRD, Sprinz E. Two cases of neural tube defects with dolutegravir use at conception in south Brazil. Braz J Infect Dis 2021; 25:101572. [PMID: 33852885 PMCID: PMC9392187 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2021.101572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dolutegravir (DTG) is amongst the most prescribed antiretrovirals worldwide and is recommended as first line regimen in most HIV treatment guidelines. Its use, although infrequently, had been associated to an increased chance of neural tube defects (NTD) in Botswana, Africa. Herein we describe two cases of NTD in women who conceived while taking DTG as part of their antiretroviral treatment in the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regis Kreitchmann
- Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, School of Medicine, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericordia de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | | | - Eduardo Sprinz
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, School of Medicine, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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18
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Voysey M, Costa Clemens SA, Madhi SA, Weckx LY, Folegatti PM, Aley PK, Angus B, Baillie VL, Barnabas SL, Bhorat QE, Bibi S, Briner C, Cicconi P, Clutterbuck EA, Collins AM, Cutland CL, Darton TC, Dheda K, Dold C, Duncan CJA, Emary KRW, Ewer KJ, Flaxman A, Fairlie L, Faust SN, Feng S, Ferreira DM, Finn A, Galiza E, Goodman AL, Green CM, Green CA, Greenland M, Hill C, Hill HC, Hirsch I, Izu A, Jenkin D, Joe CCD, Kerridge S, Koen A, Kwatra G, Lazarus R, Libri V, Lillie PJ, Marchevsky NG, Marshall RP, Mendes AVA, Milan EP, Minassian AM, McGregor A, Mujadidi YF, Nana A, Padayachee SD, Phillips DJ, Pittella A, Plested E, Pollock KM, Ramasamy MN, Ritchie AJ, Robinson H, Schwarzbold AV, Smith A, Song R, Snape MD, Sprinz E, Sutherland RK, Thomson EC, Török ME, Toshner M, Turner DPJ, Vekemans J, Villafana TL, White T, Williams CJ, Douglas AD, Hill AVS, Lambe T, Gilbert SC, Pollard AJ. Single-dose administration and the influence of the timing of the booster dose on immunogenicity and efficacy of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine: a pooled analysis of four randomised trials. Lancet 2021; 397:881-891. [PMID: 33617777 PMCID: PMC7894131 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00432-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 768] [Impact Index Per Article: 256.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine has been approved for emergency use by the UK regulatory authority, Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, with a regimen of two standard doses given with an interval of 4-12 weeks. The planned roll-out in the UK will involve vaccinating people in high-risk categories with their first dose immediately, and delivering the second dose 12 weeks later. Here, we provide both a further prespecified pooled analysis of trials of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and exploratory analyses of the impact on immunogenicity and efficacy of extending the interval between priming and booster doses. In addition, we show the immunogenicity and protection afforded by the first dose, before a booster dose has been offered. METHODS We present data from three single-blind randomised controlled trials-one phase 1/2 study in the UK (COV001), one phase 2/3 study in the UK (COV002), and a phase 3 study in Brazil (COV003)-and one double-blind phase 1/2 study in South Africa (COV005). As previously described, individuals 18 years and older were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive two standard doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (5 × 1010 viral particles) or a control vaccine or saline placebo. In the UK trial, a subset of participants received a lower dose (2·2 × 1010 viral particles) of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 for the first dose. The primary outcome was virologically confirmed symptomatic COVID-19 disease, defined as a nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT)-positive swab combined with at least one qualifying symptom (fever ≥37·8°C, cough, shortness of breath, or anosmia or ageusia) more than 14 days after the second dose. Secondary efficacy analyses included cases occuring at least 22 days after the first dose. Antibody responses measured by immunoassay and by pseudovirus neutralisation were exploratory outcomes. All cases of COVID-19 with a NAAT-positive swab were adjudicated for inclusion in the analysis by a masked independent endpoint review committee. The primary analysis included all participants who were SARS-CoV-2 N protein seronegative at baseline, had had at least 14 days of follow-up after the second dose, and had no evidence of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection from NAAT swabs. Safety was assessed in all participants who received at least one dose. The four trials are registered at ISRCTN89951424 (COV003) and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04324606 (COV001), NCT04400838 (COV002), and NCT04444674 (COV005). FINDINGS Between April 23 and Dec 6, 2020, 24 422 participants were recruited and vaccinated across the four studies, of whom 17 178 were included in the primary analysis (8597 receiving ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and 8581 receiving control vaccine). The data cutoff for these analyses was Dec 7, 2020. 332 NAAT-positive infections met the primary endpoint of symptomatic infection more than 14 days after the second dose. Overall vaccine efficacy more than 14 days after the second dose was 66·7% (95% CI 57·4-74·0), with 84 (1·0%) cases in the 8597 participants in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group and 248 (2·9%) in the 8581 participants in the control group. There were no hospital admissions for COVID-19 in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group after the initial 21-day exclusion period, and 15 in the control group. 108 (0·9%) of 12 282 participants in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group and 127 (1·1%) of 11 962 participants in the control group had serious adverse events. There were seven deaths considered unrelated to vaccination (two in the ChAdOx1 nCov-19 group and five in the control group), including one COVID-19-related death in one participant in the control group. Exploratory analyses showed that vaccine efficacy after a single standard dose of vaccine from day 22 to day 90 after vaccination was 76·0% (59·3-85·9). Our modelling analysis indicated that protection did not wane during this initial 3-month period. Similarly, antibody levels were maintained during this period with minimal waning by day 90 (geometric mean ratio [GMR] 0·66 [95% CI 0·59-0·74]). In the participants who received two standard doses, after the second dose, efficacy was higher in those with a longer prime-boost interval (vaccine efficacy 81·3% [95% CI 60·3-91·2] at ≥12 weeks) than in those with a short interval (vaccine efficacy 55·1% [33·0-69·9] at <6 weeks). These observations are supported by immunogenicity data that showed binding antibody responses more than two-fold higher after an interval of 12 or more weeks compared with an interval of less than 6 weeks in those who were aged 18-55 years (GMR 2·32 [2·01-2·68]). INTERPRETATION The results of this primary analysis of two doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 were consistent with those seen in the interim analysis of the trials and confirm that the vaccine is efficacious, with results varying by dose interval in exploratory analyses. A 3-month dose interval might have advantages over a programme with a short dose interval for roll-out of a pandemic vaccine to protect the largest number of individuals in the population as early as possible when supplies are scarce, while also improving protection after receiving a second dose. FUNDING UK Research and Innovation, National Institutes of Health Research (NIHR), The Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the Lemann Foundation, Rede D'Or, the Brava and Telles Foundation, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Thames Valley and South Midland's NIHR Clinical Research Network, and AstraZeneca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merryn Voysey
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sue Ann Costa Clemens
- Institute of Global Health, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Shabir A Madhi
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Science and Innovation/National Research Foundation South African Research Chair Initiative in Vaccine Preventable Diseases Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lily Y Weckx
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro M Folegatti
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Parvinder K Aley
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Brian Angus
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Vicky L Baillie
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Science and Innovation/National Research Foundation South African Research Chair Initiative in Vaccine Preventable Diseases Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Shaun L Barnabas
- Family Centre for Research with Ubuntu, Department of Paediatrics, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Sagida Bibi
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Carmen Briner
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Paola Cicconi
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Andrea M Collins
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine and Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Clare L Cutland
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Science and Innovation/National Research Foundation South African Research Chair Initiative in Vaccine Preventable Diseases Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Thomas C Darton
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Keertan Dheda
- Division of Pulmonology, Groote Schuur Hospital and the University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Christina Dold
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christopher J A Duncan
- Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Immunity and Inflammation Theme, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Katherine R W Emary
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Katie J Ewer
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Amy Flaxman
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lee Fairlie
- Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Saul N Faust
- NIHR Southampton Clinical Research Facility and Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Faculty of Medicine and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Shuo Feng
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniela M Ferreira
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine and Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Adam Finn
- School of Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol and University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Eva Galiza
- St George's Vaccine Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Anna L Goodman
- Department of Infection, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK; MRC Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, UK
| | - Catherine M Green
- Clinical BioManufacturing Facility, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christopher A Green
- NIHR/Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Melanie Greenland
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Catherine Hill
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Science and Innovation/National Research Foundation South African Research Chair Initiative in Vaccine Preventable Diseases Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Helen C Hill
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine and Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ian Hirsch
- AstraZeneca BioPharmaceuticals, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alane Izu
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Science and Innovation/National Research Foundation South African Research Chair Initiative in Vaccine Preventable Diseases Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Daniel Jenkin
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Carina C D Joe
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Simon Kerridge
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anthonet Koen
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Science and Innovation/National Research Foundation South African Research Chair Initiative in Vaccine Preventable Diseases Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Gaurav Kwatra
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Science and Innovation/National Research Foundation South African Research Chair Initiative in Vaccine Preventable Diseases Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Vincenzo Libri
- NIHR UCLH Clinical Research Facility and NIHR UCLH Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Patrick J Lillie
- Department of Infection, Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, UK
| | - Natalie G Marchevsky
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Ana V A Mendes
- Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Salvador, Braziland Hospital São Rafael, Salvador, Brazil; Instituto D'Or, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Angela M Minassian
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Yama F Mujadidi
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anusha Nana
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Daniel J Phillips
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ana Pittella
- Hospital Quinta D'Or, Rede D'Or, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Emma Plested
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Katrina M Pollock
- NIHR Imperial Clinical Research Facility and NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Maheshi N Ramasamy
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Adam J Ritchie
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hannah Robinson
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexandre V Schwarzbold
- Clinical Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Andrew Smith
- College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Glasgow Dental Hospital & School, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rinn Song
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Matthew D Snape
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Eduardo Sprinz
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rebecca K Sutherland
- Clinical Infection Research Group, Regional Infectious Diseases Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Emma C Thomson
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research & Department of Infectious Diseases, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - M Estée Török
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK; Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark Toshner
- Heart Lung Research Institute, Dept of Medicine, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Clinical Research Facility, Cambridge University Hospital and Royal Papworth NHS Foundation Trusts, Cambridge, UK
| | - David P J Turner
- University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | | | | | | | - Christopher J Williams
- Public Health Wales, Cardiff, Wales; Aneurin Bevan University Health Board, Newport, Wales
| | - Alexander D Douglas
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Adrian V S Hill
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Teresa Lambe
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah C Gilbert
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew J Pollard
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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19
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Voysey M, Clemens SAC, Madhi SA, Weckx LY, Folegatti PM, Aley PK, Angus B, Baillie VL, Barnabas SL, Bhorat QE, Bibi S, Briner C, Cicconi P, Collins AM, Colin-Jones R, Cutland CL, Darton TC, Dheda K, Duncan CJA, Emary KRW, Ewer KJ, Fairlie L, Faust SN, Feng S, Ferreira DM, Finn A, Goodman AL, Green CM, Green CA, Heath PT, Hill C, Hill H, Hirsch I, Hodgson SHC, Izu A, Jackson S, Jenkin D, Joe CCD, Kerridge S, Koen A, Kwatra G, Lazarus R, Lawrie AM, Lelliott A, Libri V, Lillie PJ, Mallory R, Mendes AVA, Milan EP, Minassian AM, McGregor A, Morrison H, Mujadidi YF, Nana A, O'Reilly PJ, Padayachee SD, Pittella A, Plested E, Pollock KM, Ramasamy MN, Rhead S, Schwarzbold AV, Singh N, Smith A, Song R, Snape MD, Sprinz E, Sutherland RK, Tarrant R, Thomson EC, Török ME, Toshner M, Turner DPJ, Vekemans J, Villafana TL, Watson MEE, Williams CJ, Douglas AD, Hill AVS, Lambe T, Gilbert SC, Pollard AJ. Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK. Lancet 2021; 397:99-111. [PMID: 33306989 PMCID: PMC7723445 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)32661-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3144] [Impact Index Per Article: 1048.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A safe and efficacious vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), if deployed with high coverage, could contribute to the control of the COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in a pooled interim analysis of four trials. METHODS This analysis includes data from four ongoing blinded, randomised, controlled trials done across the UK, Brazil, and South Africa. Participants aged 18 years and older were randomly assigned (1:1) to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine or control (meningococcal group A, C, W, and Y conjugate vaccine or saline). Participants in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group received two doses containing 5 × 1010 viral particles (standard dose; SD/SD cohort); a subset in the UK trial received a half dose as their first dose (low dose) and a standard dose as their second dose (LD/SD cohort). The primary efficacy analysis included symptomatic COVID-19 in seronegative participants with a nucleic acid amplification test-positive swab more than 14 days after a second dose of vaccine. Participants were analysed according to treatment received, with data cutoff on Nov 4, 2020. Vaccine efficacy was calculated as 1 - relative risk derived from a robust Poisson regression model adjusted for age. Studies are registered at ISRCTN89951424 and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04324606, NCT04400838, and NCT04444674. FINDINGS Between April 23 and Nov 4, 2020, 23 848 participants were enrolled and 11 636 participants (7548 in the UK, 4088 in Brazil) were included in the interim primary efficacy analysis. In participants who received two standard doses, vaccine efficacy was 62·1% (95% CI 41·0-75·7; 27 [0·6%] of 4440 in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group vs71 [1·6%] of 4455 in the control group) and in participants who received a low dose followed by a standard dose, efficacy was 90·0% (67·4-97·0; three [0·2%] of 1367 vs 30 [2·2%] of 1374; pinteraction=0·010). Overall vaccine efficacy across both groups was 70·4% (95·8% CI 54·8-80·6; 30 [0·5%] of 5807 vs 101 [1·7%] of 5829). From 21 days after the first dose, there were ten cases hospitalised for COVID-19, all in the control arm; two were classified as severe COVID-19, including one death. There were 74 341 person-months of safety follow-up (median 3·4 months, IQR 1·3-4·8): 175 severe adverse events occurred in 168 participants, 84 events in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group and 91 in the control group. Three events were classified as possibly related to a vaccine: one in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group, one in the control group, and one in a participant who remains masked to group allocation. INTERPRETATION ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 has an acceptable safety profile and has been found to be efficacious against symptomatic COVID-19 in this interim analysis of ongoing clinical trials. FUNDING UK Research and Innovation, National Institutes for Health Research (NIHR), Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Lemann Foundation, Rede D'Or, Brava and Telles Foundation, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Thames Valley and South Midland's NIHR Clinical Research Network, and AstraZeneca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merryn Voysey
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sue Ann Costa Clemens
- Institute of Global Health, University of Siena, Siena, Brazil; Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Shabir A Madhi
- MRC Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lily Y Weckx
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro M Folegatti
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Parvinder K Aley
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Brian Angus
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Vicky L Baillie
- Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Shaun L Barnabas
- Family Centre for Research with Ubuntu, Department of Paediatrics, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Sagida Bibi
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Carmen Briner
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Paola Cicconi
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Andrea M Collins
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine and Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Rachel Colin-Jones
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Clare L Cutland
- Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Thomas C Darton
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Keertan Dheda
- Division of Pulmonology, Groote Schuur Hospital and the University of Cape Town, South Africa; Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Christopher J A Duncan
- Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Immunity and Inflammation Theme, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Katherine R W Emary
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Katie J Ewer
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Lee Fairlie
- Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Saul N Faust
- NIHR Southampton Clinical Research Facility and Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK; Faculty of Medicine and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Shuo Feng
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniela M Ferreira
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine and Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Adam Finn
- School of Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol and University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Anna L Goodman
- Department of Infection, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK; MRC Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, UK
| | - Catherine M Green
- Clinical BioManufacturing Facility, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christopher A Green
- NIHR/Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Paul T Heath
- St George's Vaccine Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Catherine Hill
- Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Helen Hill
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine and Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ian Hirsch
- AstraZeneca BioPharmaceuticals, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Alane Izu
- VIDA-Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytical Research Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Susan Jackson
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel Jenkin
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Carina C D Joe
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Simon Kerridge
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anthonet Koen
- VIDA-Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytical Research Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Gaurav Kwatra
- Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Alison M Lawrie
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Alice Lelliott
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Vincenzo Libri
- NIHR UCLH Clinical Research Facility and NIHR UCLH Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Patrick J Lillie
- Department of Infection, Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, UK
| | | | - Ana V A Mendes
- Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Salvador, Braziland Hospital São Rafael, Salvador, Brazil; Instituto D'Or, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Eveline P Milan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Angela M Minassian
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | | | - Hazel Morrison
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Yama F Mujadidi
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anusha Nana
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Peter J O'Reilly
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Ana Pittella
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Quinta D'Or, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto D'Or de Pesquisa e Ensino (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade UNIGRANRIO, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Emma Plested
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Katrina M Pollock
- NIHR Imperial Clinical Research Facility and NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Maheshi N Ramasamy
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah Rhead
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexandre V Schwarzbold
- Clinical Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Nisha Singh
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew Smith
- College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Glasgow Dental Hospital & School, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rinn Song
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew D Snape
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Eduardo Sprinz
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rebecca K Sutherland
- Clinical Infection Research Group, Regional Infectious Diseases Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Richard Tarrant
- Clinical BioManufacturing Facility, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Emma C Thomson
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research & Department of Infectious Diseases, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - M Estée Török
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK; Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark Toshner
- Heart Lung Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge and Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - David P J Turner
- University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, UK
| | | | | | - Marion E E Watson
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Adrian V S Hill
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Teresa Lambe
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah C Gilbert
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew J Pollard
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Baker Z, Gorbach P, de Melo MG, Varela I, Sprinz E, Santos B, de Melo Rocha T, Simon M, Almeida M, Lira R, Chaves MC, Kerin T, Nielsen-Saines K. The Effect of Partnership Presence and Support on HIV Viral Suppression Among Serodiscordant Partnered and Single Heterosexual HIV-Positive Individuals in Brazil. AIDS Behav 2021; 25:1946-1953. [PMID: 33389326 PMCID: PMC7778561 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-020-03124-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
HIV-negative individuals in serodiscordant partnerships experience reduced risk of HIV acquisition when their partners adhere to ART and achieve undetectable viral loads. Partnership support may encourage ART adherence, reducing viral load and the risk of HIV transmission. This study aims to determine whether HIV viral suppression is associated with partnership status and partnership support among 201 HIV positive (HIV+ individuals in serodiscordant partnerships and 100 HIV+ unpartnered individuals receiving care at Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição in Porto Alegre, Brazil between 2014 and 2016. Clinical data and patient-reported questionnaire data were assessed, and propensity scores were used to control for confounding variables in adjusted logistic regression models. Viral suppression did not significantly differ between HIV+ partnered (78.5% virally suppressed) and unpartnered (76.0% virally suppressed) individuals. Among individuals in partnerships, viral suppression was significantly associated with having a partner who attended monthly clinic visits (AOR 2.99; 95% CI 1.00-8.93). Instrumental social support-attending monthly visits-may improve the odds of viral suppression among HIV+ individuals in serodiscordant relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoë Baker
- grid.239546.f0000 0001 2153 6013Division of Urology, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 W. Sunset Blvd, MS #114, Los Angeles, CA 90027 USA
| | - Pamina Gorbach
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA USA
| | | | - Ivana Varela
- grid.414914.dHospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Sprinz
- grid.414914.dHospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Breno Santos
- grid.414914.dHospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana Simon
- grid.414914.dHospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Almeida
- grid.414914.dHospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rita Lira
- grid.414914.dHospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Tara Kerin
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Karin Nielsen-Saines
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA USA
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21
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Cipolat MM, Sprinz E. COVID-19 pneumonia in an HIV-positive woman on antiretroviral therapy and undetectable viral load in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Braz J Infect Dis 2020; 24:455-457. [PMID: 32866436 PMCID: PMC7448763 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2020.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic has been a problem worldwide. It is important to identify people at risk of progressing to severe complications and to investigate if some existing antivirals could have any action against SARS-CoV-2. In this context, HIV-infected individuals and antiretroviral drugs might be included, respectively. Herein we present the case of a 63-year-old HIV-infected woman with undetectable viral load, on dolutegravir, tenofovir and lamivudine, who was hospitalized due to COVID-19 pneumonia. In spite of having some clinical markers of severity on admission, the patient improved and was discharged after a week. To our knowledge, this is the first report of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection in an HIV-infected individual in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eduardo Sprinz
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Infectious Diseases Service, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Medicina, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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22
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Pezzini MF, Cheinquer H, de Araujo A, Schmidt-Cerski CT, Sprinz E, Herz-Wolff F, Poeta J. Hepatic steatosis among people living with HIV in Southern Brazil: prevalence and risk factors. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8282. [PMID: 32427918 PMCID: PMC7237667 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65133-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver disease is an important cause of morbidity and mortality among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and is frequently related to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The objective is to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of hepatic steatosis among consecutive patients with stable HIV infection on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Also, the use of transient elastography (TE) as a mean to identify a subgroup at risk for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and/or liver fibrosis. HIV infected patients were enrolled between August2016 and February2017. Inclusion criteria: ≥18 years with undetectable HIV viral load. Exclusion criteria: pregnancy; alcohol intake ≥20 g/day and co-infection B or C viruses. Patients underwent ultrasound (US) to diagnose liver steatosis. Significant fibrosis (≥F2) was estimated if at least one of the following were present: APRI > 1.0, FIB4 > 3 and/or liver stiffness ≥7.1kPa. Subjects with TE ≥ 7.1kPa were proposed a liver biopsy and NAFLD Scoring System (NAS) ≥ 3 was considered as diagnosis of NASH. A total of 98 patients were included. Liver steatosis was diagnosed in 31 patients (31.6%) and was independently associated with male gender, BMI, ALT and total bilirubin levels. The prevalence of significant fibrosis assessed by TE, APRI and FIB4 was 26.9%, 6.4% and 3.2%, respectively. Seven patients had a TE result ≥7.1kPa. NASH was found in 5 (83.3%). Among HIV infected patients undergoing ART, almost one third have NAFLD. Neither TE, APRI or FIB4 were able to act as surrogates for significant liver fibrosis. Nevertheless, TE ≥ 7.1kPa was able to accurately select a subgroup of patients at risk for NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Ferri Pezzini
- Post Graduate Program - Science in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Hugo Cheinquer
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division; Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alexandre de Araujo
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos T Schmidt-Cerski
- Pathology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Sprinz
- Infectious Disease Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernando Herz-Wolff
- Liver Disease Center, Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Julia Poeta
- Science Health Institute, Centro Universitário Ritter dos Reis, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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23
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Tagliari CFDS, de Oliveira CN, Vogel GM, da Silva PB, Linden R, Lazzaretti RK, Notti RK, Sprinz E, Mattevi VS. Investigation of SIRT1 gene variants in HIV-associated lipodystrophy and metabolic syndrome. Genet Mol Biol 2020; 43:e20190142. [PMID: 32106282 PMCID: PMC7198015 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2019-0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-infected individuals on chronic use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) are more likely to develop adipose tissue and metabolic disorders, such as lipodystrophy (LD) and metabolic syndrome (MetS). The development of these phenotypes is known to be multifactorial. Thus, variants in genes implicated in adipogenesis and lipid metabolism may increase susceptibility to LD and MetS. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) may influence the outcome of these disturbances due to its role in the regulation of transcription factors involved in energy regulation. Therefore, we genotyped four polymorphisms located in SIRT1 (rs2273773 T>C, rs12413112 G>A, rs7895833 A>G, rs12049646 T>C) in 832 HIV-infected patients receiving HAART by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The prevalence of LD was 55.8% and MetS was 35.3%. Lipoatrophy was the most prevalent subtype in all samples (38.0%) and showed significant difference between white and non-white individuals (P = 0.002). None of the genetic variants investigated in SIRT1 was associated with LD and MetS. White individuals and those in longer time of HAART use were more likely to develop LD. We concluded that these SIRT1 polymorphisms are not predictive factors to the development of lipodystrophy and metabolic syndrome in HIV-infected individuals from Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cáren Nunes de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Greice Meyer Vogel
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Baptista da Silva
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Linden
- Universidade Feevale, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Toxicologia Analítica, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
| | - Rosmeri Kuhmmer Lazzaretti
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Regina Kuhmmer Notti
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Sprinz
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Suñé Mattevi
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Melo MGD, Sprinz E, Gorbach PM, Santos B, Rocha TDM, Simon M, Almeida M, Lira R, Chaves MC, Kerin T, Varella I, Nielsen-Saines K. HIV-1 heterosexual transmission and association with sexually transmitted infections in the era of treatment as prevention. Int J Infect Dis 2019; 87:128-134. [PMID: 31404674 PMCID: PMC6894479 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: HIV-1 heterosexual transmission among individuals on antiretroviral treatment (ART) with undetectable viremia is extremely rare. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of sexual HIV-1 transmission and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in HIV-1 serodifferent couples while the index partner is on ART. Methods: HIV transmission was evaluated in 200 HIV-1 heterosexual serodifferent couples in a stable relationship (≥3 months). All HIV-positive individuals had been on ART for ≥3 months and had been followed up for a median preceding time of 4.5 years (range 0.3–16years) at the HIV couples clinic at Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Following written informed consent, participants responded to demographic/behavioral questionnaires. Quantitative PCR for HIV RNA, T-cell subsets, and STI testing (syphilis, herpes, human papillomavirus, gonorrhea, and bacterial vaginosis) were performed. Self-collected vaginal swabs were obtained for quantitative HIV genital viral load testing. Results: Among 200 couples, 70% of index partners were female. Five seroconversions were observed; the HIV infection incidence was 2.5% (95% confidence interval 0.8% to 5.7%). Mean plasma viral load results were higher in HIV transmitters compared to non-transmitters (p = 0.02). The presence of STIs was significantly greater in couples who seroconverted (60.0% vs. 13.3%; odds ratio 9.75, 95% confidence interval 1.55–61.2; p = 0.023). The duration of undetectable HIV viremia and presence of STIs were associated with HIV transmission. Conclusions: Undetectable viremia was the main factor associated with non-transmissibility of HIV in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eduardo Sprinz
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Pamina M Gorbach
- UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Breno Santos
- Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana Simon
- Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Rita Lira
- Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Tara Kerin
- David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ivana Varella
- Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Karin Nielsen-Saines
- David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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de Melo MG, Varella I, Gorbach PM, Sprinz E, Santos B, de Melo Rocha T, Simon M, Almeida M, Lira R, Chaves MC, Baker Z, Kerin T, Nielsen-Saines K. Antiretroviral adherence and virologic suppression in partnered and unpartnered HIV-positive individuals in southern Brazil. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212744. [PMID: 30811480 PMCID: PMC6392295 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An undetectable serum HIV-1 load is key to effectiveness of antiretroviral (ARV) therapy, which depends on adherence to treatment. We evaluated factors possibly associated with ARV adherence and virologic response in HIV-infected heterosexual individuals. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 200 HIV-1 serodiscordant couples and 100 unpartnered individuals receiving ARV treatment at a tertiary hospital in southern Brazil. All subjects provided written informed consent, answered demographic/behavioral questionnaires through audio computer-assisted self-interviews (ACASI), and collected blood and vaginal samples for biological markers and assessment of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). HIV-negative partners were counseled and tested for HIV-1. Results The study population mean age was 39.9 years, 53.6% were female, 62.5% were Caucasian, 52.6% had incomplete or complete elementary education, 63.1% resided in Porto Alegre. Demographic, behavioral and biological marker characteristics were similar between couples and single individuals. There was an association between adherence reported on ACASI and an undetectable serum viral load (P<0.0001). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that single-tablet ARV-regimens were independently associated with adherence (OR = 2.3; 95CI%: 1.2–4.4; P = 0.011) after controlling for age, gender, education, marital status, personal income, ARV regimen, and median time of ARV use. A positive correlation between genital secretion PCR results and serum viral load was significant in the presence of STIs (r = 0.359; P = 0.017). Although HIV PCR detection in vaginal secretions was more frequent in women with detectable viremia (9/51, 17.6%), it was also present in 7 of 157 women with undetectable serum viral loads (4.5%), p = 0.005. Conclusions ARV single tablet regimens are associated with adherence. Detectable HIV-1 may be present in the genital secretions of women with undetectable viremia which means there is potential for HIV transmission in adherent individuals with serologic suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivana Varella
- Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Pamina M. Gorbach
- UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Eduardo Sprinz
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Breno Santos
- Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana Simon
- Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Rita Lira
- Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Zoe Baker
- UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Tara Kerin
- David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Karin Nielsen-Saines
- David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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26
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Schwartsmann G, Sprinz E, Kalakun L, Yamagushi N, Sander E, Grivicich I, Koya R, Mans DR. Phase II Study of Pentosan Polysulfate (PPS) in Patients with AIDS-related Kaposi's Sarcoma. Tumori 2018; 82:360-3. [PMID: 8890970 DOI: 10.1177/030089169608200412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aims and background To evaluate the response rate, toxicity and survival of patients with AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma (AIDS-KS) treated in a phase II clinical trial of pentosan polysulpate (PPS), an inhibitor of basic-fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF) which blocks the growth of Kaposi's sarcoma cells both in culture and in animal models. Patients and methods Between March 1992 and March 1994 16 homosexual males with histopathologically confirmed AIDS-KS were accrued for this phase II clinical trial. PPS was administered at the dose of 25 mg/m2 q6 hrs at day 1, followed by 25 mg/m2 q12 hrs daily by a subcutaneous injection. The number of patients to be included in the trial was calculated according to the two-stage Gehan method. Toxicity was graded according to the NCI Common Toxicity Criteria, while responses were evaluated according to the WHO Criteria adapted for KS lesions. Patients were all homosexual males, median age 35 (27-43) years, performance status (WHO) 1 (0-2), NYU stage II-IV and prior therapy included vincristine and etoposide (3 cases), local irradiation (4 cases) and meges-trol acetate (2 cases). Concomitant AZT (zidovudine) was given to 3 patients, while DDI (dideoxyinosine) was administered in one case. Results A median of 5 (3-11) weeks of therapy was administered to the patients. Pain at the injection site and low grade fever were the only toxicities observed. Drug-related effects on coagulation parameters or thrombocytopenia were not observed in the trial. One objective response (6%) was documented, which lasted for 9 weeks, while stable disease was observed in three patients, lasting for 11, 9 and 5 weeks, respectively. Conclusion This is the first observation of objective antitumor activity with a b-FGF inhibitor in patients with AIDS-KS. Considering its novelty and the lack of significant toxicity, the authors suggest that this experimental approach deserves further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Schwartsmann
- Department of Medical Oncology, Academic Hospital of Porto Alegre (HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Maciel RA, Klück HM, Durand M, Sprinz E. Comorbidity is more common and occurs earlier in persons living with HIV than in HIV-uninfected matched controls, aged 50 years and older: A cross-sectional study. Int J Infect Dis 2018; 70:30-35. [PMID: 29476902 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES At present, data are limited on the comorbidity profiles associated with aging people with HIV in the developing world, where most such people live. The aim of this study was to compare the disease burden between older HIV-positive subjects and HIV-negative matched controls in Brazil. METHODS This was a cross-sectional analysis of the South Brazilian HIV Cohort. Individuals aged 50 years and older were enrolled at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre and matched with HIV-negative controls from the primary practice unit of the same hospital. Multimorbidity (the presence of two or more comorbid conditions) and the number of non-infectious comorbidities were compared. Poisson regression was used to identify factors associated with multimorbidity. RESULTS A total of 208 HIV-positive subjects were matched to 208 HIV-negative controls. Overall, the median age was 57 years and 56% were male. The prevalence of multimorbidity was higher in HIV-positive subjects than in HIV-negative controls (63% vs. 43%, p<0.001), and the median number of comorbidities was 2, compared to 1 in controls (p<0.001). The duration of HIV infection (p=0.02) and time on treatment in years (p=0.015) were associated with greater multimorbidity in HIV-positive persons. CONCLUSIONS In this large cohort from the developing world, multimorbidity was found to be more common in HIV-positive subjects than in HIV-negative controls. The duration of HIV and time on antiretrovirals were associated with multimorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Aguiar Maciel
- Medical Sciences Post-Graduation Program, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Helena Moreira Klück
- School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Sprinz
- School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Grigoletti SS, Ribeiro JP, Sprinz E, Ribeiro PAB. Short-term folinic acid supplementation and aerobic exercise improve vascular reactivity in HIV-infected individuals. HIV Clin Trials 2018; 19:148-151. [PMID: 29400626 DOI: 10.1080/15284336.2018.1433769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of supervised exercise and folinic acid supplementation on endothelial function in HIV-infected individuals. A randomized clinical trial, double blinded, was conducted with 16 HIV-infected individuals, antiretroviral therapy (at least 6 months) with undetectable viral load (<50 copies/mL), and CD4 count > 200 cells/mm3. The subjects were randomized to aerobic exercise (n = 5) and daily intake for 4 weeks of 5 mg of folinic acid (n = 6) or placebo (n = 5) groups. To assess endothelial function, venous occlusion plethysmography in the brachial artery by the protocol of reactive hyperemia was performed. The aerobic protocol consisted in cycling exercise, 3 times/week at 60-80% VO2max, for 4 weeks. Exercise group (Δ6.5 mL/min/100 mL) and folinic acid group (Δ7.3 mL/min/100 mL) improved reactive hyperemia, but no difference was found in placebo group (from Δ -0.3 ml/min/100 ml, time p < 0.001, interaction p = 0.02). Results demonstrate that supervised exercise and folinic acid supplementation in very short term improve endothelial function in HIV-infected individuals. As exercise and folate supplementation are safe and relatively inexpensive, this finding deserves more attention in large randomized clinical trials in an attempt to reduce cardiovascular risk in HIV-infected population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shana S Grigoletti
- a Exercise Pathophysiology Research Laboratory , Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre , Brazil.,b Post-Graduate Program in Health Science, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Sciences , Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Jorge P Ribeiro
- a Exercise Pathophysiology Research Laboratory , Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre , Brazil.,b Post-Graduate Program in Health Science, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Sciences , Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil.,c Cardiology Division , Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Eduardo Sprinz
- d Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Paula A B Ribeiro
- a Exercise Pathophysiology Research Laboratory , Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre , Brazil.,b Post-Graduate Program in Health Science, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Sciences , Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil.,e Cardiology Division , Research Center of University of Montreal Hospital Centre , Montreal , Canada
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Prieto Herman Reinehr C, Corrêa Martins C, Trein Cunha V, Elen Lira F, Sprinz E, Cartell A, Bakos RM. Cutaneous human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated lymphomatoid granulomatosis: complete regression following antiretroviral therapy. Int J Dermatol 2017; 56:e100-e102. [PMID: 28188620 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.13551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carla Corrêa Martins
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Vivian Trein Cunha
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Franci Elen Lira
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Sprinz
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - André Cartell
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Renato Marchiori Bakos
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Valverde-Villegas JM, Dos Santos BP, de Medeiros RM, Mattevi VS, Lazzaretti RK, Sprinz E, Kuhmmer R, Chies JAB. Endosomal toll-like receptor gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to HIV and HCV co-infection - Differential influence in individuals with distinct ethnic background. Hum Immunol 2017; 78:221-226. [PMID: 28062211 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The genetic background of human populations can influence the susceptibility and outcome of infection diseases. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been previously associated with susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, disease progression and hepatitis C, virus (HCV) co-infection in different populations, although mostly in Europeans. In this study, we investigated the genetic role of endosomal TLRs on susceptibility to HIV infection and HCV co-infection through the analysis of TLR7 rs179008, TLR8 rs3764880, TLR9 rs5743836 and TLR9 rs352140 polymorphisms in 789 Brazilian individuals (374 HIV+ and 415 HIV-), taking into account their ethnic background. Amongst the 357 HIV+ individuals with available data concerning HCV infection, 98 were positive. In European descendants, the TLR9 rs5743836 C carriers displayed a higher susceptibility to HIV infection [dominant, Odds Ratio (OR)=1.53; 95% CI: 1.05-2.23; P=0.027]. In African descendants, TLR9 rs5743836 CT genotype was associated with protection to HIV infection (codominant, OR=0.51; 95% CI: 0.30-0.87; P=0.013). Also, the TLR9 rs352140 AA variant genotype was associated with susceptibility to HIV+/HCV+ co-infection in African descendants (recessive, OR=2.92; 95% CI: 1.22-6.98, P=0.016). These results are discussed in the context of the different ethnic background of the studied individuals highlighting the influence of this genetic/ethnic background on the susceptibility to HIV infection and HIV/HCV co-infection in Brazilian individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruno Paiva Dos Santos
- Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; INSERM U1026, Tissue Bioengineering, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux F-33076, France
| | | | - Vanessa Suñé Mattevi
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Sprinz
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Regina Kuhmmer
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - José Artur Bogo Chies
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Brites C, Pinto-Neto L, Medeiros M, Nunes E, Sprinz E, Carvalho M. Extensive variation in drug-resistance mutational profile of Brazilian patients failing antiretroviral therapy in five large Brazilian cities. Braz J Infect Dis 2016; 20:323-9. [PMID: 27291892 PMCID: PMC9427579 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Development of drug-resistance mutations is the main cause of failure in antiretroviral therapy. In Brazil, there is scarce information on resistance pattern for patients failing antiretroviral therapy. Objectives To define the HIV mutational profile associated with drug resistance in Brazilian patients from 5 large cities, after first, second or further failures to antiretroviral therapy. Methods We reviewed genotyping results of 1520 patients failing therapy in five Brazilian cities. Frequency of mutations, mean number of active drugs, viral susceptibility to each antiretrovirals drug, and regional differences were assessed. Results Mean time of antiretrovirals use was 22.7 ± 41.1 months. Mean pre-genotyping viral load was 4.2 ± 0.8 log (2.1 ± 2.0 after switching antiretrovirals). Mean number of remaining active drugs was 9.4, 9.0, and 7.9 after 1st, 2nd, and 3rd failure, respectively. We detected regional variations in drug susceptibility: while BA and RS showed the highest (∼40%) resistance level to ATV/r, FPV/r and LPV/r, in the remaining cities it was around half of this rate. We detected 90% efavirenz/nevirapine resistance in SP, only 45% in RS, and levels between 25% and 30% in the other cities. Regarding NRTI, we found a similar pattern, with RJ presenting the highest, and CE the lowest susceptibility rates for all NRTI. Zidovudine resistance was detected in only 3% of patients in RJ, against 45–65% in the other cities. RJ and RS showed 3% resistance to tenofovir, while in CE it reached 55%. DRV/r (89–97%) and etravirine (61–85%) were the most active drugs, but again, with a wide variation across cities. Conclusions The resistance mutational profile of Brazilian patients failing antiretroviral therapy is quite variable, depending on the city where patients were tested. This variation likely reflects distinctive choice of antiretrovirals drugs to initiate therapy, adherence to specific drugs, or circulating HIV-1 strains. Overall, etravirine and DRV/r remain as the most active drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Brites
- Fundação Bahiana de Infectologia (FBaI), Salvador, BA, Brazil; Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Laboratório de Pesquisa em Infectologia (LAPI), Salvador, BA, Brazil.
| | - Lauro Pinto-Neto
- Escola de Ciências da Saúde da Santa Casa de Vitoria, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | | | - Estevão Nunes
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Instituto de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Sprinz
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Hait SH, Soares EA, Sprinz E, Arthos J, Machado ES, Soares MA. Worldwide Genetic Features of HIV-1 Env α4β7 Binding Motif: The Local Dissemination Impact of the LDI Tripeptide. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2016; 70:463-71. [PMID: 26569174 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000000802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV-1 gp120 binds to integrin α4β7, a homing receptor of lymphocytes to gut-associated lymphoid tissues. This interaction is mediated by the LDI/V tripeptide encoded in the V2-loop. This tripeptide mimics similar motifs in mucosal addressin cellular adhesion molecule (MAdCAM) and vascular CAM (VCAM), the natural ligands of α4β7. In this study, we explored the association of V2-loop LDI/V mimotopes with transmission routes and patterns of disease progression in HIV-infected adult and pediatric patients. HIV-1 env sequences available in the Los Alamos HIV Sequence database were included in the analyses. METHODS HIV-1 V2-loop sequences generated from infected adults and infants from South and Southeast Brazil, and also retrieved from the Los Alamos database, were assessed for α4β7 binding tripeptide composition. Chi-Square/Fisher Exact test and Mann Whitney U test were used for tripeptide comparisons. Shannon entropy was assessed for conservancy of the α4β7 tripeptide mimotope. RESULTS We observed no association between the tripeptide composition or conservation and virus transmission route or disease progression. However, LDI was linked to successful epidemic dissemination of HIV-1 subtype C in South America, and further to other expanding non-B subtypes in Europe and Asia. In Africa, subtypes showing increased LDV prevalence evidenced an ongoing process of selection toward LDI expansion, an observation also extended to subtype B in the Americas and Western Europe. CONCLUSIONS The V2-loop LDI mimotope was conserved in HIV-1C from South America and other expanding subtypes across the globe, which suggests that LDI may promote successful dissemination of HIV at local geographic levels by means of increased transmission fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina H Hait
- *Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; †Programa de Oncovirologia, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; ‡Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; §Laboratory of Immune Regulation, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and ‖Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Castilhos JK, Sprinz E, Lazzaretti RK, Kuhmmer R, Mattevi VS. Polymorphisms in adiponectin receptor genes are associated with lipodystrophy-related phenotypes in HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy. HIV Med 2015; 16:494-501. [PMID: 26111083 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Adiponectin is a circulating peptide secreted by mature adipocytes that may act as a regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the association between genetic variability in the adiponectin receptor genes ADIPOR1 (adiponectin receptor 1) and ADIPOR2 and lipodystrophy and its related anthropometric and metabolic phenotypes in HIV-infected patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). METHODS We studied six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the adiponectin receptor genes ADIPOR1 (rs1342387 and rs10920533) and ADIPOR2 (rs11061925, rs10773983, rs929434 and rs767870) and their association with adiponectin plasma levels, lipodystrophy subtypes and other parameters linked to glucose and lipid metabolism involved in the lipodystrophic syndrome. The genotypes of 407 HIV-infected patients receiving HAART were investigated using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Mean biochemical and anthropometrical parameters were compared between the different genotypes using analysis of variance. RESULTS Two ADIPOR2 SNPs (rs11061925 and rs929434) were associated with fasting plasma triglyceride concentrations in the entire sample. Stronger significant associations were found between these SNPs and biochemical parameters (levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, adiponectin and glucose) in men. We did not find any significant associations with ADIPOR1 gene variants. CONCLUSIONS SNPs in the ADIPOR2 gene appear to be involved in the metabolic alterations in HIV-infected men receiving HAART.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Castilhos
- Graduate Program in Pathology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - E Sprinz
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - R K Lazzaretti
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - R Kuhmmer
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - V S Mattevi
- Graduate Program in Pathology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Sprinz E, Neto AJ, Bargman E, Green SL, Luo MP, Sylte JR, McMillan FI, King KR, Rode RA, Brun SC, Hanna GJ, Podsadecki TJ. Substitution with Lopinavir/Ritonavir Improves Patient-Reported Outcomes Including Quality of Life in Patients Who Were Intolerant to Their Antiretroviral Therapy. HIV Clinical Trials 2015; 7:291-308. [PMID: 17197377 DOI: 10.1310/hct0706-291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adverse effects are important determinants of quality of life (QOL) during highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The PLATO study investigated the association between changes in patient-reported outcomes including QOL and substitution with lopinavir/ritonavir in patients experiencing side effects (SEs). METHOD HIV-1-infected participants (N = 849) with undetectable viral load experiencing Grade-2 SEs of the protease inhibitor (PI) or nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) component of their HAART regimen were randomized to immediate (baseline) or deferred (week 4) substitution with lopinavir/ritonavir soft-gel capsules 400/100 mg bid. The primary endpoint was change in the total score from the AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) Symptoms Distress Module (ASDM), supplemented with two items for nephrolithiasis. Secondary endpoints included Medical Outcomes Study (MOS)-HIV scores and Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D) scores. RESULTS Immediate substitution resulted in improved ASDM total score at week 4 compared with deferred substitution (p <.001) and significant improvements in all MOS-HIV domains, while significant improvement was observed in CES-D scores at week 8. Primary SEs resolved at week 8 in 65% of participants in the immediate substitution group. Suppression of HIV-1 was maintained. Treatment was well-tolerated and associated with elevations in cholesterol and triglycerides. CONCLUSION Substitution with LPV/r improved patient-reported outcomes including QOL in patients experiencing Grade-2 SEs, while maintaining viral suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Sprinz
- Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Sprinz E, Jeffman M. Letter to the Editor: Emergence of Protease Resistance During Simplification Therapy with Lopinavir/Ritonavir Alone. HIV Clinical Trials 2015; 8:105-6. [PMID: 17507327 DOI: 10.1310/hct0802-105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Abstract
The prognosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals has dramatically improved worldwide since the introduction of highly antiretroviral therapy. Nevertheless, along with the decrease in mortality, several body modifications not initially related to HIV infection have been reported. Disorders in lipid and glucose metabolism, accompanied by body shape abnormalities and alterations in fat distribution, began to be described. A syndrome, named "HIV-associated lipodystrophy syndrome", was coined to classify these clinical spectrum aspects. This syndrome involves not only metabolic alterations but also fat redistribution, with lipoatrophy due to subcutaneous fat loss (predominantly in the face and lower limbs) and lipohypertrophy related to central fat gain. These changes in body shape are very important to be recognized, as they are associated with worse morbidity and mortality. Self-esteem difficulties related to body alterations might lead to treatment failures due to medication adherence problems. Moreover, these alterations have been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. Therefore, it is extremely important to identify this syndrome early in order to provide an even better quality of life for this population, as the clinical approach is not easy. Treatment change, medications to treat dyslipidemia, and surgical intervention are instruments to be used to try to correct these abnormalities. The aim of this study is to review clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of body shape and metabolic complications of HIV infection from a Brazilian perspective, a medium income country with a large number of patients on antiretroviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelle D Alves
- Infectious Disease Department, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carlos Brites
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Sprinz
- Infectious Disease Department, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Lazzarotto AR, Pereira FB, Harthmann AD, Bazzo KO, Vicenzi FL, Sprinz E. Treinamento físico no risco de doença isquêmica cardíaca em sujeitos HIV/AIDS em uso de TARV. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-86922014200302064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUÇÃO: A terapia antirretroviral combinada (TARV) foi introduzida no Brasil em 1996, como parte da política nacional de acesso gratuito aos serviços de saúde e medicamentos. Infelizmente, o seu uso contínuo tem sido associado com mudanças na distribuição da gordura corporal e com alterações metabólicas que podem aumentar a morbidade e mortalidade nesta população. O treinamento físico tem sido estudado como uma estratégia eficaz de intervenção não farmacológica para melhorar os parâmetros de aptidão física relacionados à saúde e para minimizar os efeitos indesejáveis da infecção pelo HIV e/ou o uso prolongado da TARV, no entanto, há poucos estudos sobre o treinamento físico, síndrome lipodistrófica e cardiologia.OBJETIVO: Avaliar o risco de doença isquêmica cardíaca em sujeitos HIV/AIDS em uso de TARV praticantes de treinamento concorrente com séries simples.MÉTODOS: Quatorze sujeitos foram avaliados através da circunferência abdominal, pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) e diastólica (PAD), colesterol total (CT), HDL, LDL, triglicerídeos (TG) e glicemia. Para a estimativa do risco coronariano em 10 anos utilizou-se o Escore de Framingham.RESULTADOS: A maioria dos sujeitos situou-se dentro dos valores de referência para as variáveis analisadas, exceto para os valores de LDL e TG. Treze sujeitos (92,7%) ficaram abaixo dos 10% de risco coronariano em 10 anos, e apenas um (7,3%) estava em risco moderado. Houve correlação significativa entre o tempo de treinamento e a PAS.CONCLUSÃO: Sugere-se a realização de ensaios clínicos randomizados para avaliar os mesmos desfechos deste estudo.
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Hait SH, Darc M, Machado ES, Soares EA, Sprinz E, Soares MA. Conservation of the α4β7 lymphocyte homing receptor in HIV-infected patients with distinct transmission routes and disease progression profiles. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2014; 30:493-7. [PMID: 24387749 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2013.0248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The α4β7 is a lymphocyte homing receptor to the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). HIV-1 gp120 binds to α4β7 integrin through a mimetic tripeptide in V2 and ensures successful infection of GALT. In the present report, we investigated the presence of polymorphisms in the α4β7 cytoplasmic and α4 N-terminal binding domains and their potential association with susceptibility to HIV infection or disease progression. Subjects displaying distinct categories of disease progression or transmission routes (HIV-positive adults, vertically infected infants, and seronegative subjects) had their ITGA4 and ITGB7 gene segments corresponding to virus binding sites and C-terminal domains PCR amplified and sequenced. An absolute conservation of the studied regions was observed in all patients and controls. Albeit polymorphisms in α4β7 may exist in other regions not tracked in this study, α4β7 activation and binding domains do not seem to be polymorphic and are not correlated with distinct patterns of HIV transmission or disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina H. Hait
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Programa de Genética, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mirela Darc
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Programa de Genética, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth S. Machado
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Esmeralda A. Soares
- Programa de Genética, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Sprinz
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A. Soares
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Programa de Genética, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Grigoletti SS, Guindani G, Moraes RS, Ribeiro JP, Sprinz E. Short-term folinic acid supplementation improves vascular reactivity in HIV-infected individuals: a randomized trial. Nutrition 2014; 29:886-91. [PMID: 23660169 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2013.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2012] [Revised: 01/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE HIV-infected individuals present a cluster of conditions that activate or injure the vascular endothelium. The administration of folates may exert beneficial effects on endothelial function in different populations at risk for cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of 4 wk of folinic acid supplementation on forearm vascular responses during reactive hyperemia in HIV-infected patients under highly active antiretroviral therapy. METHODS This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to compare the effects of 4 wk of daily ingestion of 5 mg of folinic acid (n = 15) or placebo (n = 15). Participants had to have been on antiretroviral therapy (ART) for at least 6 mo before enrollment, with undetectable viral load, and CD4 cell count >200 cells/mm(3). Vascular function was evaluated with venous occlusion plethysmography at baseline and after 4 wk, for the determination of brachial artery reactive hyperemia, and after isosorbide dinitrate administration. RESULTS The groups were comparable. The mean age of patients was 45 y; there were eight women in each group. There was no difference regarding ART regimen. The supplementation of folinic acid produced a significant improvement in reactive hyperemia (from 14.9 to 21.2 mL•min•100 mL). The same was not observed in placebo group (from 15.3 to 14.6 mL•min•100 mL; group P, 0.017; time P < 0.001; interaction P < 0.001). Endothelium-independent responses remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS Short-term folinic acid supplementation improved vascular reactivity in HIV-infected individuals enrolled in the studied. As folate supplementation is safe and relatively inexpensive, long-term clinical trials should be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shana S Grigoletti
- Exercise Pathophysiology Research Laboratory, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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da Silva GK, Vianna P, Veit TD, Crovella S, Catamo E, Cordero EAA, Mattevi VS, Lazzaretti RK, Sprinz E, Kuhmmer R, Chies JAB. Influence of HLA-G polymorphisms in human immunodeficiency virus infection and hepatitis C virus co-infection in Brazilian and Italian individuals. Infect Genet Evol 2014; 21:418-23. [PMID: 24389119 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2013.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the role of Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-G in the susceptibility to HIV-1 infection through the analysis of the HLA-G 3' untranslated region (UTR) polymorphisms 14 bp insertion/deletion (rs66554220) and +3142C>G (rs1063320). DESIGN We analyzed 582 HIV-1 infected patients and 626 uninfected individuals from Brazil and Italy in a case-control study. METHODS HLA-G polymorphisms were genotyped using PCR, PCR-RFLP assays or direct sequencing. All analyses were stratified by ethnicity. Genotypic, allelic and diplotypic frequencies were compared between HIV-1 infected subjects and controls using Chi-square or Fischer exact tests. Also, haplotypic frequencies were estimated using MLocus software. RESULTS African-derived HIV-infected individuals presented a higher frequency of the 14 bp insertion allele as compared to non-infected individuals (0.468 versus 0.373, respectively; p(Bonf) = 0.010). A higher frequency of the 14 bp insertion +3142G (insG) haplotype (0.456 versus 0.346, p<0.001) and the insG/insG diplotype (OR=1.88, 95%CI = 1.08-3.23, p=0.021) was observed among African-derived patients as compared to uninfected controls. Also, we observed a higher frequency of the ins/ins genotype among African-derived HIV patients co-infected with HCV (OR=2.78, 95%CI = 1.20-6.49, p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS Our data point out to an increased frequency of alleles and genotypes associated with low HLA-G expression among African-derived patients, suggesting a potential role for HLA-G in the susceptibility to HIV-1 infection and HCV co-infection in those individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sergio Crovella
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil
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Lazzarotto AR, Santos VSD, Reichert MT, Quevedo DMD, Fossatti P, Santos GAD, Calvetti PÜ, Sprinz E. Oficinas educativas sobre HIV/Aids: uma proposta de intervenção para idosos. Rev bras geriatr gerontol 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s1809-98232013000400017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a eficácia de uma oficina educativa sobre HIV/aids em um grupo de idosos. A população incluiu 471 indivíduos entre 60 e 91 anos composta principalmente por mulheres (83,1%). Procedeu-se a aplicação e reaplicação de um questionário organizado em cinco domínios, antes e após as oficinas. O teste de McNemar foi utilizado para comparar as respostas pré e pós-oficina (p<0,05) no programa estatístico STATA 12. Dentre os domínios, a maior variação (202,72%) ocorreu no domínio "conceito" sobre a fase assintomática da infecção. No domínio "transmissão", a variação foi de 168,53% para a transmissão do HIV por picada de mosquito. No domínio "prevenção", na questão sobre existência do preservativo feminino, a variação foi de 44%. O domínio "vulnerabilidade" indicou 34,93% na questão da aids relacionada a grupos específicos. No domínio "tratamento", a abordagem da cura para a aids obteve 50,85% de variação. A realização das oficinas demonstrou ser uma intervenção eficaz nos domínios "conceito", "transmissão", "prevenção", "vulnerabilidade" e "tratamento" nos idosos participantes da pesquisa.
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Alves GN, Tavares AMV, Vieira PJC, Sprinz E, Ribeiro JP. Oral L-arginine modulates blood lactate and interleukin-6 after exercise in HIV-infected men. Int J Sports Med 2013; 35:339-43. [PMID: 24022566 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1331740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The acute administration of L-arginine (L-arg), a nitric oxide (NO) precursor, reduces lactate (LAC) concentration after exercise in healthy individuals. Lower concentration of L-arg may enhance the action of some inflammatory cytokines in HIV-1 infected patients. We tested the hypothesis that acute L-arg administration may reduce post-exercise blood LAC and inflammatory cytokines levels in HIV-infected patients. 10 HIV-infected men performed 2 maximal incremental cardiopulmonary exercise tests, separated by one week. 30 min before each test, patients received oral placebo or 20 g of L-arg, in random order. Blood LAC, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were measured before and up to 60 min after exercise. L-arg administration had no significant effect on exercise performance. Compared to placebo, L-arg administration reduced maximal post-exercise blood LAC from 8.7±0.6 to 6.9±0.4 mmol.L-1 (p<0.05). L-arg administration had no significant effect on TNF-alpha or IL-10 concentrations, but increased post-exercise IL-6 (placebo=19±3pg.mL-1; L-arg=63±8 pg.mL-1; p<0.05). In HIV-1 infected men, acute administration of L-arg reduces post-exercise blood LAC and increases IL-6 levels, suggesting the activation of the L-arg-NO pathway, with possible anti-inflammatory consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- G N Alves
- Cardiology Division, Hospita de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - A M V Tavares
- Exercise Pathophysiology Research Laboratory, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - P J C Vieira
- Exercise Pathophysiology Research Laboratory, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - E Sprinz
- Division of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - J P Ribeiro
- Cardiology Division, Hospita de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Luz AJ, Poeta J, Linden R, Antunes MV, Caminha LI, Sprinz E. Related factors to atazanavir plasma levels in a cohort of HIV positive individuals with undetectable viral load. Braz J Infect Dis 2013; 17:657-60. [PMID: 23933406 PMCID: PMC9427398 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the factors associated with plasma concentrations of atazanavir (ATV) in a cohort of well-controlled HIV infected subjects (undetectable viremia). Design Cross-sectional study where 69 subjects were consecutively enrolled between April and November, 2011. Methods Patients had to be on atazanavir for at least six months, undetectable viral load for a period equal to or longer than 12 months, T CD4+ lymphocyte count higher than 200 cells/mm3, and aged between 18 years and 70 years old. Exclusion criteria were pregnancy, any neurologic disease, active opportunistic disease, hepatitis or cancer. Atazanavir plasma levels were measured by ultra-performance liquid chromatography. Results and discussion Overall, 54 patients (mean age of 47 years and 50% women) were included in the analysis. Those without ritonavir (unboosted atazanavir) had statistically lower plasma concentrations than those with ritonavir boosted atazanavir (p = 0.001) and total and indirect bilirubin were statistically associated with plasma concentration of atazanavir (r = 0.32 and r = 0.33 respectively; p < 0.05 in both cases). No statistical association was found among gender, ethnicity, age, weight, body mass index (BMI), lipid profile, and the plasma concentration of atazanavir. Conclusion In summary, as expected, concomitant ritonavir use was the only factor associated with atazanavir plasma levels. Prospective studies with a larger sample size might help to observe an association of atazanavir concentrations to other characteristics such as body weight, since the p-value showed to be close to significance (p = 0.068).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Júlia Luz
- Medical Sciences Course, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Luz AJ, Poeta J, Linden R, Antunes MV, Caminha LI, Callegari-Jacques SM, Sprinz E. Association between atazanavir plasma levels and renal function in HIV-positive individuals on antiretroviral therapy with undetectable viral load. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2013; 41:497-8. [PMID: 23453620 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2013.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Revised: 01/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Kroll AF, Sprinz E, Leal SC, Labrêa MDG, Setúbal S. Prevalence of obesity and cardiovascular risk in patients with HIV/AIDS in Porto Alegre, Brazil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 56:137-41. [PMID: 22584567 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-27302012000200007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to discover the prevalence of overweight, obesity and cardiovascular risk in our HIV/AIDS outpatients according to sex, antiretroviral therapy and other variables. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Patients underwent an anthropometric assessment. Body mass index and waist circumference were used to classify their nutritional status and their cardiovascular risk. RESULTS The majority of the 345 patients (58.8%) were males. Obesity was detected in 8.3% of them; 34.2% were overweight, and 5.2% malnourished. Near half of them (51.3%) had some cardiovascular risk, with increased risk in 24.6% of them, and substantially increased risk in 26.7% of them. CONCLUSIONS Overweight and obesity were highly prevalent. Women were more frequently obese (OR = 3.53; IC 95%, 1.47 < OR < 8.69), and their cardiovascular risk was often higher (OR = 6.97; IC 95%, 4.16 < OR < 11.76). The prevalence of obesity and cardiovascular risk did not change according to antiretroviral therapy or other variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Francis Kroll
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
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Turatti L, Sprinz E, Lazzaretti RK, Kuhmmer R, Agnes G, Silveira JM, Basso RP, Pinheiro CA, Silveira MF, de Almeida S, Ribeiro JP, Mattevi VS. Short communication: UGT1A1*28 variant allele is a predictor of severe hyperbilirubinemia in HIV-infected patients on HAART in southern Brazil. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2012; 28:1015-8. [PMID: 22050734 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2011.0261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has increased the survival of HIV-infected patients. However, adverse effects play a major role in adherence to HAART. Some protease inhibitors (mainly atazanavir and indinavir) act as inhibitors of uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT1A1), the enzyme responsible for hepatic conjugation of bilirubin. Variations in the promoter region of the UGT1A1 gene (UGT1A1*28, rs8175347) can influence bilirubin plasma levels, modulating the susceptibility to hyperbilirubinemia. Aiming to analyze the association between UGT1A1*28 allele and hyperbilirubinemia in individuals exposed to HAART, we evaluated 375 HIV-positive individuals on antiretroviral therapy. Individuals carrying the UGT1A1*28 allele had a higher risk of developing severe hyperbilirubinemia [prevalence ratio (PR)=2.43, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08-5.45, p=0.032] as well as atazanavir users (PR=7.72, 95% CI=3.14-18.98, p<0.001). This is the first description of such an association in Brazilian HIV patients, which shows that in African-American and Euroamerican HAART users, the UGT1A1*28 allele also predisposes to severe hyperbilirubinemia, especially in those exposed to atazanavir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisiane Turatti
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre–UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Sprinz
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre–HCPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Regina Kuhmmer
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre–HCPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Grasiela Agnes
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre–UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jussara M. Silveira
- Hospital Universitário Dr. Miguel Riet Correa Jr., Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Rossana P. Basso
- Hospital Universitário Dr. Miguel Riet Correa Jr., Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Cezar A.T. Pinheiro
- Serviço de Assistência Especializada em HIV/AIDS, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariângela F. Silveira
- Serviço de Assistência Especializada em HIV/AIDS, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Silvana de Almeida
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre–UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jorge P. Ribeiro
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre–HCPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Vanessa S. Mattevi
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre–UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Calmy A, Balestre E, Bonnet F, Boulle A, Sprinz E, Wood R, Delaporte E, Messou E, McIntyre J, El Filali KM, Schechter M, Kumarasamy N, Bangsberg D, McPhail P, Van Der Borght S, Zala C, Egger M, Thiébaut R, Dabis F. Mean CD4 cell count changes in patients failing a first-line antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited settings. BMC Infect Dis 2012; 12:147. [PMID: 22742573 PMCID: PMC3573925 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-12-147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Changes in CD4 cell counts are poorly documented in individuals with low or moderate-level viremia while on antiretroviral treatment (ART) in resource-limited settings. We assessed the impact of on-going HIV-RNA replication on CD4 cell count slopes in patients treated with a first-line combination ART. Method Naïve patients on a first-line ART regimen with at least two measures of HIV-RNA available after ART initiation were included in the study. The relationships between mean CD4 cell count change and HIV-RNA at 6 and 12 months after ART initiation (M6 and M12) were assessed by linear mixed models adjusted for gender, age, clinical stage and year of starting ART. Results 3,338 patients were included (14 cohorts, 64% female) and the group had the following characteristics: a median follow-up time of 1.6 years, a median age of 34 years, and a median CD4 cell count at ART initiation of 107 cells/μL. All patients with suppressed HIV-RNA at M12 had a continuous increase in CD4 cell count up to 18 months after treatment initiation. By contrast, any degree of HIV-RNA replication both at M6 and M12 was associated with a flat or a decreasing CD4 cell count slope. Multivariable analysis using HIV-RNA thresholds of 10,000 and 5,000 copies confirmed the significant effect of HIV-RNA on CD4 cell counts both at M6 and M12. Conclusion In routinely monitored patients on an NNRTI-based first-line ART, on-going low-level HIV-RNA replication was associated with a poor immune outcome in patients who had detectable levels of the virus after one year of ART.
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Cunha VS, Meotti C, Oliveira JH, Sprinz E, Alvares-da-Silva MR, Goldani LZ. Different patterns of dermatological presentations in patients co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus (HCV), and those infected with HCV alone. Clin Exp Dermatol 2011; 37:122-7. [PMID: 22103463 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2011.04217.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) share the same transmission routes. About 30% of HIV-positive patients are co-infected with HCV. Of the various HCV-related extrahepatic events, those involving the skin may be the first sign of infection. AIM To specify the skin presentations in patients co-infected with HIV and HCV (co-infected patients; CP) and compare them with those found in patients with HCV mono-infection (mono-infected patients; MP). METHODS This was a cross-sectional study, in which the studied population consisted of MP and CP from a tertiary hospital in the South of Brazil, who underwent complete skin examination and laboratory tests. RESULTS In total, 201 patients were assessed, of whom 108 were CP, and 93 were MP. Pruritus tended to be more common in MP. MP also had significantly more dermatological conditions (mean of 5.2) than CP (mean of 4.5). In total, 104 different skin diseases were identified. There was a higher prevalence of infectious diseases and pigmentation disorders, such as verruca vulgaris and facial melasma, in CP, whereas trunk and facial telangiectasias, palmar erythema, and varicose veins were more common in MP. CONCLUSION We found a high prevalence of skin conditions both in MP and in CP; however, the patterns of the dermatological conditions were different. CP were found to have significantly fewer skin lesions than MP, but had a higher prevalence of infectious and pigmentation disorders. By contrast, vascular conditions were more common in MP.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Cunha
- Section of Dermatology, Internal Medicine Department, Universidade Federal do Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Fenner L, Forster M, Boulle A, Phiri S, Braitstein P, Lewden C, Schechter M, Kumarasamy N, Pascoe M, Sprinz E, Bangsberg DR, Sow PS, Dickinson D, Fox MP, McIntyre J, Khongphatthanayothin M, Dabis F, Brinkhof MWG, Wood R, Egger M. Tuberculosis in HIV programmes in lower-income countries: practices and risk factors. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2011; 15:620-7. [PMID: 21756512 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.10.0249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) is a common diagnosis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients on antiretroviral treatment (ART). OBJECTIVE To describe TB-related practices in ART programmes in lower-income countries and identify risk factors for TB in the first year of ART. METHODS Programme characteristics were assessed using standardised electronic questionnaire. Patient data from 2003 to 2008 were analysed and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) calculated using Poisson regression models. RESULTS Fifteen ART programmes in 12 countries in Africa, South America and Asia were included. Chest X-ray, sputum microscopy and culture were available free of charge in respectively 13 (86.7%), 14 (93.3%) and eight (53.3%) programmes. Eight sites (53.3%) used directly observed treatment and five (33.3%) routinely administered isoniazid preventive treatment (IPT). A total of 19 413 patients aged ≥ 16 years contributed 13,227 person-years of follow-up; 1081 new TB events were diagnosed. Risk factors included CD4 cell count (>350 cells/μl vs. <25 cells/μl, adjusted IRR 0.46, 95%CI 0.33-0.64, P < 0.0001), sex (women vs. men, adjusted IRR 0.77, 95%CI 0.68-0.88, P = 0.0001) and use of IPT (IRR 0.24, 95%CI 0.19-0.31, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Diagnostic capacity and practices vary widely across ART programmes. IPT prevented TB, but was used in few programmes. More efforts are needed to reduce the burden of TB in HIV co-infected patients in lower income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Fenner
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Berne, Switzerland.
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Menezes AM, Torelly J, Real L, Bay M, Poeta J, Sprinz E. Prevalence and risk factors associated to chronic kidney disease in HIV-infected patients on HAART and undetectable viral load in Brazil. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26042. [PMID: 22022501 PMCID: PMC3192150 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To determine the prevalence and associated factors with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in a cohort of HIV-positive individuals with undetectable viral load on HAART. Methods From March, 2009 to September 2009, 213 individuals between 18-70 years, period on HAART ≥12 months, viral load < 50 copies/mm3, and CD4 ≥ 200 cells/mm3, were consecutively enrolled at the outpatient clinic of Hospital de Clínicas, Porto Alegre, Brazil. Exclusion criteria were obesity, malnourishment, amputee, paraplegic, previous history of renal disease, pregnancy and hepatic insufficiency. Renal function was determined by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) assessed by the modification of diet in renal disease. CKD was defined as an eGFR less or equal than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2, for a period of at least 3 months. Poisson regression was used to determine factors associated with CKD. Results CKD was diagnosed in 8.4% of the population, and after adjustment, the risk factors were hypertension (RR = 3.88, 95%CI, 1.84 - 8.16), time on HAART (RR = 1.15, 95%CI,1.03–1.27) and tenofovir exposure (RR = 2.25, 95%CI, 1.04–4.95). Higher weight (RR = ,0.88 95%CI, 0.82–0.96) was associated to normal function. Conclusions CKD was a common finding in this cohort of patients and was related to hypertension, time on HAART and tenofovir exposure. We suggest a more frequent monitoring of renal function, especially for those with risk factors to early identify renal impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréia M. Menezes
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jorge Torelly
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Lúcia Real
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mônica Bay
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Julia Poeta
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Sprinz
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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