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Rascoe AS, Peng EJ, Ferrell D, Copp JA, Liu RW. The Relationship Between Height and Income With Potential Application to Treatment of Limb Length Discrepancy. Cureus 2024; 16:e56331. [PMID: 38628990 PMCID: PMC11021038 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose When treating limb length discrepancy (LLD), decisions regarding lengthening versus contralateral shortening require careful consideration of deformity and patient factors. Using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (NLSY79) database, and income as a quantitative representation of overall socioeconomic benefit, we sought to determine the height at which incremental gains in height have the greatest value. Methods Using the NLSY79 database, we collected demographic data, height, yearly income from wages, college education (full- or part-time), and receipt of government financial aid. Multiple-linear regression and graphical analysis were performed. Results The study population included 9,652 individuals, 4,775 (49.5%) males and 4,877 (50.5%) females. Mean heights were 70.0±3.0 inches and 64.3±2.6 inches for males and females, respectively. Multiple-linear regression analysis (adjusted-r²=0.33) demonstrated height had a standardized-ß=0.097 (p<0.001), even when accounting for confounding factors. Using graphical analysis, we estimated cut-offs of 74 inches for males and 69 inches for females, beyond which income decreased with incremental height. Conclusions Using income as a quantitative representation of socioeconomic value, our analysis found income increased with incremental height in individuals with predicted heights up to 74 inches for males and 69 inches for females. Shortening procedures might receive more consideration at predicted heights greater than these cut-offs, while lengthening might be more strongly considered at the lower ranges of height. Additionally, our multiple-linear regression analysis confirms the correlation between height and income, when factoring in other predictors of income.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Rascoe
- Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, USA
| | - Eric J Peng
- Internal Medicine, Chester County Hospital, West Chester, USA
- Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, USA
| | - Dre'Marcus Ferrell
- Pediatric Orthopedics, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, USA
| | - Jonathan A Copp
- Orthopedic Surgery, Forrest General Hospital, Hattiesburg, USA
- Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, USA
| | - Raymond W Liu
- Pediatric Orthopedics, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, USA
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2
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Matalon N, Shani S, Weinberger R, Serur Y, Somech R, Givon U, Katz U, Levy-Shraga Y, Carmel E, Weiss B, Ben-Zeev B, Hochberg Y, Gur RE, Gothelf D. The contribution of medical burden to 22q11.2 deletion syndrome quality of life and functioning. Genet Med 2023; 25:100924. [PMID: 37422717 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2023.100924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To date, there is no systematic method to quantify the medical burden of individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS). This study aimed to design a Medical Burden Scale for 22q11.2DS to evaluate the effect of medical symptoms severity on quality of life (QoL) and functioning in individuals with this syndrome. METHODS Individuals with 22q11.2DS (n = 76) were included in the study. A multidisciplinary group of physicians determined the severity of symptoms (on a scale of 0 to 4) of 8 major medical systems affected in 22q11.2DS, as well as the level of cognitive deficits and psychiatric morbidity. Regression models were used to evaluate the impact of medical, cognitive, and psychiatric symptoms' severity on global assessment of functioning (GAF) and QoL. RESULTS The total Medical Burden Scale score was significantly associated with both QoL and GAF scores, beyond the effect of the psychiatric and cognitive deficits. We also found that QoL and GAF scores were associated with the severity scores of specific medical systems, particularly neurological symptoms, but also cardiovascular, ear-nose-throat, endocrinology, and orthopedics. CONCLUSION Quantifying the medical burden of 22q11.2DS individuals is feasible and indicates the overall and specific contribution of medical symptoms to QoL and functioning of 22q11.2DS individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noam Matalon
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Behavioral Neurogenetics Center, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shachar Shani
- Behavioral Neurogenetics Center, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Ronnie Weinberger
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Behavioral Neurogenetics Center, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yaffa Serur
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Behavioral Neurogenetics Center, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Raz Somech
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Uri Givon
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Uriel Katz
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yael Levy-Shraga
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eldar Carmel
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Batia Weiss
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Bruria Ben-Zeev
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Raquel E Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Doron Gothelf
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Behavioral Neurogenetics Center, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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3
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Lackner L, Quitmann J, Kristensen K, Witt S. Health-Related Quality of Life, Stress, Caregiving Burden and Special Needs of Parents Caring for a Short-Statured Child-Review and Recommendations for Future Research. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6558. [PMID: 37623144 PMCID: PMC10454502 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20166558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Children with short stature can experience a range of burdens due to their chronic condition. However, little is known about parents' experiences dealing with their child's short stature and the potential caregiving burdens and concerns they may face. We aim to review the literature on health-related quality of life (HRQOL), caregiving burden, and special needs among parents caring for a child with isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD) or idiopathic short stature (ISS). Using pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, we systematically searched for literature using PubMed and Web of Science from its inception to December 2022. We identified 15 articles assessing HRQOL, special needs, or caregiving burdens in parents of IGHD/ISS children. The main problems included concerns about the future, organizational issues, side effects from growth hormone treatment, and social stigmatization. Furthermore, two studies assessed parents' special needs to cope with caregiving stress, mainly the dialogue between them and their families or parent support groups. This review outlines parental burdens, needs, and resources when caring for an IGHD/ISS child. Furthermore, it provides information about previously used measures appraising parents' special needs and underlines the need for disease-specific measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Stefanie Witt
- Department of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, W26, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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Gizli Çoban Ö, Bedel A, Önder A, Sürer Adanır A, Tuhan H, Parlak M. Psychiatric Disorders and Peer-Victimization in Children and Adolescents With Growth Hormone Deficiency. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2022; 61:684-691. [PMID: 35581721 DOI: 10.1177/00099228221096654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to investigate psychiatric disorders, bullying/victimization, and quality of life in children and adolescents with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency (GHD). Sixty-one children and adolescents who were diagnosed as having idiopathic GHD were evaluated using a semistructured interview by a child and adolescent psychiatrist. Some 45.9% of the subjects with GHD were diagnosed with at least 1 psychiatric disorder. The most common psychiatric diagnosis was social anxiety disorder (18.3%). Twenty-eight percent of the subjects reported being bullied by their peers. Victimization rates were less frequent in those treated for more than 1 year. Children aged between 6 and 12 years had poorer quality of life and higher anxiety levels than adolescents aged between 13 and 18 years. Due to the higher rates of existing psychiatric disorders, the clinical management of patients with GHD should be conducted with a multidisciplinary approach, in which pediatric endocrinologists and mental health professionals work in coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özge Gizli Çoban
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Aynur Bedel
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Arif Önder
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Aslı Sürer Adanır
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Hale Tuhan
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Mesut Parlak
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
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Cervera-Torres S, Núñez-Benjumea FJ, de Arriba Muñoz A, Chicchi Giglioli IA, Fernández-Luque L. Digital health for emotional and self-management support of caregivers of children receiving growth hormone treatment: a feasibility study protocol. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2022; 22:215. [PMID: 35964116 PMCID: PMC9375279 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-022-01935-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Caregivers of children undergoing growth hormone treatment often face stress and stigma. In this regard, family-centered approaches are increasingly considered, wherein caregivers’ mental wellbeing is taken into account to optimize children’s health-related outcomes and behaviors (e.g., treatment adherence). Here, mindfulness and parenting-based programs have been developed to support the mental wellbeing of caregivers and, in turn, promote richer interactions with the children. Nevertheless, this type of program can face drawbacks, such as the scheduling and availability of family members. Recent digital health (DH) solutions (e.g., mobile apps) are showing promising advantages as self-management support tools for improving wellbeing and behaviors related to the treatments. Although, further evidence is necessary in the field of Growth Hormone Treatment (GHt). Accordingly, this study aims to examine the usability of a mobile DH solution and the feasibility of a DH intervention designed to promote emotional and mental wellbeing of caregivers of children undergoing GHt. Methods This is a prospective mixed-methods (qualitative-quantitative) exploratory study composed of two sub-studies, including caregivers of children undergoing GHt. Sub-study one (SS1; n = 10) focuses on the usability of the DH solution (detecting potential barriers and facilitators) and an ad hoc semi-structured interview will be administered to the caregivers after using the DH solution for one month. Sub-study two (SS2; n = 55) aims to evaluate the feasibility of the DH intervention on caregivers’ perceived distress, positive affectivity, mental wellbeing, self-efficacy, together with the children’s quality of life and treatment adherence. All these parameters will be assessed via quantitative methods before and after 3-months of the DH intervention. Usability and engagement will also be assessed during and at the end of the study. Results It is expected that significant amounts of data will be captured with regards of the feasibility of the DH solution. Discussion The manuscript provides a complete protocol for a study that will include qualitative and quantitative information about, on one hand, the user-friendliness of the DH solution, and on the other, the effects on caregivers’ emotional, as well as, behavioral parameters in terms of the usability and engagement to the DH solution. The findings will contribute to the evidence planning process for the future adoption of digital health solutions for caregiver support and better health-related outcomes. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT04812665. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12911-022-01935-1.
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Mergulhão B, Almeida JP, Moreira H, Castro-Correia C, Bullinger M, Canavarro MC, Silva N. Quality of Life of Children and Adolescents with Short Stature: The Twofold Contribution of Physical Growth and Adaptive Height-Related Cognitive Beliefs. J Clin Psychol Med Settings 2022; 29:466-475. [PMID: 35511326 DOI: 10.1007/s10880-022-09871-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the health-related quality of life (HrQoL), coping, height-related beliefs, and social support of children/adolescents with short stature, the sociodemographic, clinical, and psychosocial variables associated with HrQoL, and the moderating role of sociodemographic and clinical variables on the associations between psychosocial variables and HrQoL. 114 Portuguese children/adolescents with short stature, aged 8-18 years old, completed the Quality of Life in Short Stature Youth questionnaire and the Satisfaction with Social Support Scale. Regression analyses explained 54% of the variance of HrQoL, with significant main effects of current height deviation and height-related beliefs, and a significant interaction effect between beliefs and diagnosis. Results suggest that a multidisciplinary therapeutic approach, not only focused on hormone treatment to boost physical growth, but also including psychosocial interventions focused on the modification of height-related beliefs, may contribute to improve the HrQoL of pediatric patients with short stature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Mergulhão
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra, Rua do Colégio Novo, 3000-115, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Paulo Almeida
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Integrated Pediatric Hospital, São João Hospital Center, Porto, Portugal
| | - Helena Moreira
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra, Rua do Colégio Novo, 3000-115, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cíntia Castro-Correia
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Integrated Pediatric Hospital, São João Hospital Center, Porto, Portugal
| | - Monika Bullinger
- Department of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maria Cristina Canavarro
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra, Rua do Colégio Novo, 3000-115, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Neuza Silva
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra, Rua do Colégio Novo, 3000-115, Coimbra, Portugal.
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7
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Gonzalez-Briceño L, Viaud M, Polak M. Adherence and quality of life in children receiving rhGH treatment. Arch Pediatr 2022; 28:8S3-8S8. [PMID: 37870531 DOI: 10.1016/s0929-693x(22)00036-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Short stature may have a major impact on quality of life (QoL), not only during adulthood but also during childhood. Treatment by growth hormone may induce improvement in QoL through height gain, as shown in recent articles, with an increase in general health-related and also height-specific QoL assessed by self-reports and parental reports. In a paper published by our team, we show altered general-health QoL in patients with very short stature (≤ -3 SD) and an improvement in general and height-specific scales in the complete population (≤ -2 SD) after one year of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) treatment, perceived both by children and their parents, with a moderate positive correlation with height gain. Adequate results in terms of height gain depend on different factors: the patient's age, underlying condition for which rhGH is prescribed and dose of rhGH treatment, among others. Daily injections may cause a significant burden for the child and family, and may alter adequate adherence to treatment. Identifying positive and negative factors in the patient and in the healthcare providers-patient team and encouraging a shared decision-making process are important for improving the patient's adherence to treatment. New long-acting forms of rhGH that will be available in the next few years may play an important part in improving treatment-related QoL and adherence to treatment. © 2022 French Society of Pediatrics. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Gonzalez-Briceño
- Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades - Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Service d'Endocrinologie, gynécologie et diabétologie pédiatrique, Paris, France.
| | - M Viaud
- Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades - Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Service d'Endocrinologie, gynécologie et diabétologie pédiatrique, Paris, France
| | - M Polak
- Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades - Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Service d'Endocrinologie, gynécologie et diabétologie pédiatrique, Paris, France; Université de Paris, France; Institut IMAGINE (affiliate), Paris, France
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8
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Do I Look Gawky? The Association between Pubertal Asynchrony and Peer Victimization. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8090794. [PMID: 34572226 PMCID: PMC8469183 DOI: 10.3390/children8090794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pubertal synchrony is defined as the degree of coherence to which puberty-related body changes (e.g., breast development, growth spurt, voice change, underarm hair growth) are coordinated. During the pubertal transition, youth’s body parts grow asynchronously, making each youth’s physical appearance unique. Physical appearance is a known correlate of youth’s psychosocial functioning during adolescence, but we know little about how pubertal asynchrony plays a role in their peer relationships. Using data from an adoption study (the Early Growth and Development Study; n = 413; 237 boys, 176 girls), this study examined the effect of pubertal asynchrony on peer victimization. Results revealed sex-specific effects of pubertal asynchrony; pubertal asynchrony was associated with a higher risk of peer victimization for girls but a lower risk for boys. Findings highlight the intersection of physical development and social context in understanding youth’s experiences of puberty.
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Majewska KA, Stanisławska-Kubiak M, Wiecheć K, Naskręcka M, Kędzia A, Mojs E. Maternal anxiety in relation to growth failure and growth hormone treatment in children. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e22147. [PMID: 32925771 PMCID: PMC7489751 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Health disorders in mothers and their children are subject to mutual influences arising from the nature of mother-child relationship. The aim of the study was to analyze the issue of anxiety amongst mothers of short children in aspect of growth hormone (GH) therapy in Poland.The study was based on a group of 101 mothers of originally short-stature children: 70 with GH deficiency treated with recombinant human GH and 31 undergoing the diagnostic process, without any treatment. Collected medical data included the child's gender, height and weight, chronological age, bone age delay, and GH therapy duration. For all children the height SDS (standard deviation score of height) and BMI SDS (standard deviation score of body mass index) were calculated. The Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was used to evaluate anxiety levels among the recruited mothers. Obtained results revealed low trait anxiety levels in all mothers, with no statistically significant differences between the groups. State anxiety levels were significantly higher in mothers of children without diagnosis and treatment than in mothers of children receiving appropriate therapy. Significantly lower levels of maternal state anxiety were observed during the first stage of the GH therapy, and they were further reduced in mothers of children treated for more than 4 years.Growth failure in Polish children is not associated with high maternal anxiety as a personality trait, but lack of diagnosis and lack of appropriate treatment seem to generate high levels of anxiety as a transient state in mothers. The initiation of GH therapy induces a substantial reduction of maternal state anxiety, and the duration of this treatment causes its further decrease. Mothers of short children undergoing diagnostic process could benefit from psychological support, but it seems to be unnecessary when their children are treated with GH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katarzyna Wiecheć
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences
| | - Monika Naskręcka
- Department of Mathematical Economics, Poznan University of Economics and Business, Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Ewa Mojs
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences
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Murano MC. A Disability Bioethics Reading of the FDA and EMA Evaluations on the Marketing Authorisation of Growth Hormone for Idiopathic Short Stature Children. HEALTH CARE ANALYSIS 2020; 28:266-282. [PMID: 32056083 PMCID: PMC7411515 DOI: 10.1007/s10728-020-00390-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis of idiopathic short stature (ISS) refers to children who are considerably shorter than average without any identified medical reason. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authorised marketing of recombinant human growth hormone (hGH) for ISS in 2003, while the European Medicines Agency (EMA) refused it in 2007. This paper examines the arguments for these decisions as detailed in selected FDA and EMA documents. It combines argumentative analysis with an approach to policy analysis called 'What's the problem represented to be'. It argues that the FDA presents its approval as an argument for equity of access to the treatment (given that hGH was already authorised for other indications), describing short stature as a potential disadvantage, and assuming that height normalisation is a clinically meaningful result. The EMA, instead, refuses marketing authorisation with an argument that there is an imbalance of risks and benefits, describing ISS as a healthy condition, and arguing that hGH should provide some psychosocial and/or quality of life benefits to children with ISS other than height gain. This paper then discusses how these arguments could be read through different models of disability, particularly through the medical model of disability and the relational, experiential, and cultural understandings of disability.
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11
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Quitmann J, Bloemeke J, Dörr HG, Bullinger M, Witt S, Silva N. First-year predictors of health-related quality of life changes in short-statured children treated with human growth hormone. J Endocrinol Invest 2019; 42:1067-1076. [PMID: 30840207 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-019-01027-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Little attention has been directed towards examining the impact of predictors on change in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) within the course of growth hormone (GH) treatment in pediatric short stature. We aimed to assess changes in HRQOL and its sociodemographic, clinical and psychosocial predictors in children and adolescents diagnosed with growth hormone deficiency (GHD), and born short for gestational age (SGA) before and 12-month after start of GH treatment from the parents' perspective. Results were compared with an untreated group with idiopathic short stature (ISS). In this prospective multicenter study, 152 parents of children/adolescents (aged 4-18 years) provided data on their children's HRQOL at baseline and at 12-month follow-up. METHOD Repeated-measures multivariate analyses of covariance were performed to examine parent-reported HRQOL changes from baseline to 1-year after treatment and hierarchical linear regressions to identify the predictors of HRQOL changes. RESULTS Results showed that parents of children that were treated with GH report an increase in their children's HRQOL after 1 year. Changes in HRQOL were mostly explained by psychosocial predictors followed by sociodemographic and clinical variables. Specifically, the diagnosis SGA significantly predicted a greater increase in parent-reported HRQOL. Furthermore, a lower caregiving burden significantly predicted a decrease in parent-reported HRQOL. CONCLUSION In conclusion, a substantial percentage of explained variance in HRQOL relates to psychosocial and sociodemographic predictors. However, there appears to be other important factors that are predictors of HRQOL, which need to be determined in large, population-based samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Quitmann
- Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Institute for Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - J Bloemeke
- Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Institute for Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - H-G Dörr
- Division Paediatric Endocrinology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Bullinger
- Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Institute for Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Witt
- Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Institute for Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - N Silva
- Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Institute for Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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12
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González Briceño LG, Viaud M, Beltrand J, Flechtner I, Dassa Y, Samara-Boustani D, Thalassinos C, Pauwels C, Busiah K, Pinto G, Jaquet D, Polak M. Improved General and Height-Specific Quality of Life in Children With Short Stature After 1 Year on Growth Hormone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:2103-2111. [PMID: 30649493 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-02523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Short stature in children and adolescents may lead to social and emotional stress, with negative effects on quality of life (QoL). GH treatment may improve QoL through height normalization. Our objective here was to evaluate general and height-specific QoL after 1 year of GH treatment. DESIGN Prospective, single-center, observational cohort study. METHODS Children ≥ 4 years of age starting GH at our center from 2012 to 2015 to treat short stature were studied. Patients with serious diseases, syndromic short stature, or developmental delay were excluded. At treatment initiation and 1 year later, patients and their parents completed the general PedsQL 4.0 and height-specific Quality of Life in Short Stature Youth (QoLiSSY) questionnaires. Correlations between self-report and parent-report scores and between height gain and QoL improvements were assessed based on Pearson correlation coefficients. RESULTS Seventy-four children (42 boys, 32 girls), median age (± SD), 10.2 ± 3.0 years (range, 4.1 to 16.6 years), were included. The self-report PedsQL indicated significant improvements in emotional (P = 0.02) and social (P = 0.03) QoL. As assessed by the QoLiSSY, children reported improvement of social QoL (+0.2 SD; P = 0.04), and parents reported improvement of children's physical (+0.1 SD; P < 0.0001), emotional (+0.3 SD; P < 0.0001), and social (+0.3 SD; P < 0.0001) QoL. Height SD score (SDS) gains showed moderate positive correlations with QoLISSY self-report score gains (R = 0.53, R2 = 0.28; P < 0.001) and QoLISSY parent-report gains (R = 0.60, R2 = 0.41; P < 0.00001). CONCLUSIONS After 1 year of GH treatment, children had significant gains in emotional and social QoL, as assessed by a general self-report questionnaire and height-specific parent-report questionnaire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura G González Briceño
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Gynecology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades [Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)], Paris, France
- European Society for Paediatric Endocrinology (ESPE) Clinical Fellowship, Paris, France
| | - Magali Viaud
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Gynecology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades [Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)], Paris, France
- Centre de référence des maladies endocriniennes rares de la croissance et du développement, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Beltrand
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Gynecology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades [Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)], Paris, France
- Centre de référence des maladies endocriniennes rares de la croissance et du développement, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Flechtner
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Gynecology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades [Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)], Paris, France
- Centre de référence des maladies endocriniennes rares de la croissance et du développement, Paris, France
| | - Yamina Dassa
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Gynecology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades [Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)], Paris, France
- Centre de référence des maladies endocriniennes rares de la croissance et du développement, Paris, France
| | - Dinane Samara-Boustani
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Gynecology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades [Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)], Paris, France
- Centre de référence des maladies endocriniennes rares de la croissance et du développement, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Thalassinos
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Gynecology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades [Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)], Paris, France
- Centre de référence des maladies endocriniennes rares de la croissance et du développement, Paris, France
| | - Christian Pauwels
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Gynecology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades [Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)], Paris, France
- Centre de référence des maladies endocriniennes rares de la croissance et du développement, Paris, France
| | - Kanetee Busiah
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Obesity, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Graziella Pinto
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Gynecology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades [Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)], Paris, France
- Centre de référence des maladies endocriniennes rares de la croissance et du développement, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Jaquet
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Gynecology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades [Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)], Paris, France
| | - Michel Polak
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Gynecology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades [Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)], Paris, France
- Centre de référence des maladies endocriniennes rares de la croissance et du développement, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- l'Institut des Maladies Génétiques (IMAGINE Institute), Paris, France
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13
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Shemesh-Iron M, Lazar L, Lebenthal Y, Nagelberg N, Tenenbaum A, Ezra R, Leffler N, Yackobovitch-Gavan M, Schoenberg-Taz M, Phillip M. Growth hormone therapy and short stature-related distress: A randomized placebo-controlled trial. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2019; 90:690-701. [PMID: 30721549 DOI: 10.1111/cen.13944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Growth hormone (GH) treatment of short healthy children is based on the belief that short stature is associated with psychosocial problems and a diminished quality of life. OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of GH therapy on psychosocial well-being and the ability of psychological metrics to define short stature-related distress. METHODS Sixty prepubertal boys with idiopathic short stature (age: 10.0 ± 1.4 years, height-SDS: -2.38 ± 0.3) were enrolled in this 4-year intervention study (1-year double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled [GH/placebo-2:1] and 3-year open-labelled GH therapy). Explicit (conscious/voluntary) psychological metrics (Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory [PedsQL], Silhouette Apperception Test [SAT], Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale [RSES], Child Behavior Checklist [CBCL]) and implicit (unconscious/involuntary) psychological metrics (Single-Category Implicit Association Test for height [SC-IAT-H], Height Perception Picture Test [HPPT]). Psychosocial evaluations were performed at study entry, after 1 and 4 years. RESULTS At study entry, PedsQL of boys with idiopathic short stature was lower than Israeli norms (P = 0.001). After 1-year blinded intervention, only the GH-treated boys improved their actual and anticipated adult height perception (SAT, P < 0.001 and P = 0.022) with reduced short stature-related distress (SC-IAT-H, P < 0.001). At study end, RSES and SC-IAT-H improved significantly (P < 0.001), with no change in PedsQL and CBCL. CONCLUSIONS Our finding of improved psychosocial functioning only in the GH-treated boys after 1-year blinded intervention suggests that it was the GH therapy, rather than being enrolled in a clinical trial, which contributed to the outcome. Long-term open-labelled GH treatment significantly improved height perception and self-esteem. Future studies are needed to fully assess the relevance of complementing the routinely used explicit self-report measures with the implicit measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moran Shemesh-Iron
- The Jesse Z and Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Liora Lazar
- The Jesse Z and Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yael Lebenthal
- The Jesse Z and Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Dana-Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nessia Nagelberg
- The Jesse Z and Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Ariel Tenenbaum
- The Jesse Z and Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Revital Ezra
- The Jesse Z and Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Nir Leffler
- The Jesse Z and Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Michal Yackobovitch-Gavan
- The Jesse Z and Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Michal Schoenberg-Taz
- The Jesse Z and Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Moshe Phillip
- The Jesse Z and Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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14
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Drosatou C, Vlachopapadopoulou EA, Bullinger M, Quitmann J, Silva N, Salemi G, Pavlopoulou I, Michalacos S, Tsoumakas K. Validation of the Greek version of the Quality of Life in Short Stature Youth (QoLISSY) questionnaire. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2019; 32:215-224. [PMID: 30735483 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2018-0403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background The Quality of Life in Short Stature Youth (QoLISSY) questionnaire is a condition-specific instrument for measuring the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in short statured children/adolescents from patients' and parents' perspectives. The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Greek version of the QoLISSY questionnaire. Methods The original European QoLISSY scales were translated into Greek following the guidelines for linguistic validation and applied to 184 dyads of children 8-18 years old and their parents, as well as to 14 parents of children 4-7 years old in Greece. The field testing responses to the Greek version of QoLISSY were analyzed. Results The qualitative analysis of the Greek data provided results consistent with the European sample. The subsequent field test showed acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach α between 0.67-0.93) and high test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients [ICC] ≥0.70). Correlations with the generic KIDSCREEN questionnaire indicated good convergent validity. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) also yielded acceptable results. Higher HRQoL for taller children suggests that QoLISSY was able to detect significant height-related differences. Conclusions The Greek version of the QoLISSY questionnaire is psychometrically sound and its use is recommended in further clinical research to ascertain the impact of short stature (SS) and treatments in Greek children/adolescents and families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysoula Drosatou
- Department of Endocrinology-Growth and Development, Athens General Children's Hospital "P. & A. Kyriakou", Thivon & Levadeias str., Athens 11527, Greece.,Nursing Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece, Phone: +302132009527
| | | | - Monika Bullinger
- Department of Medical Psychology, University Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julia Quitmann
- Department of Medical Psychology, University Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Neuza Silva
- Department of Medical Psychology, University Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Georgia Salemi
- Department of Nursing Administration, Athens General Children's Hospital "P. & A. Kyriakou", Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Pavlopoulou
- Nursing Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Stefanos Michalacos
- Department of Endocrinology-Growth and Development, Athens General Children's Hospital "P. & A. Kyriakou", Athens, Greece
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15
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Choi KS, Earl K, Lee JR, Cho S. Diagnosis of cyber and non-physical bullying victimization: A lifestyles and routine activities theory approach to constructing effective preventative measures. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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16
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Quitmann J, Bloemeke J, Silva N, Bullinger M, Witt S, Akkurt I, Dunstheimer D, Vogel C, Böttcher V, Kuhnle Krahl U, Bettendorf M, Schönau E, Fricke-Otto S, Keller A, Mohnike K, Dörr HG. Quality of Life of Short-Statured Children Born Small for Gestational Age or Idiopathic Growth Hormone Deficiency Within 1 Year of Growth Hormone Treatment. Front Pediatr 2019; 7:164. [PMID: 31111024 PMCID: PMC6501464 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2019.00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aside from clinical endpoints like height gain, health-related quality of life has also become an important outcome indicator in the medical field. However, the data on short stature and health-related quality of life is inconsistent. Therefore, we examined changes in health-related quality of life in German children with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency or children born small for gestational age before and after 12 months of human growth hormone treatment. Children with idiopathic short stature without treatment served as a comparison group. At baseline, health-related quality of life data of 154 patients with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency (n = 65), born small for gestational age (n = 58), and idiopathic short stature (n = 31) and one parent each was collected. Of these, 130 completed health-related quality of life assessments after 1-year of human growth hormone treatment. Outcome measures included the Quality of Life in Short Stature Youth questionnaire, as well as clinical and sociodemographic data. Our results showed that the physical, social, and emotional health-related quality of life of children treated with human growth hormone significantly increased, while untreated patients with idiopathic short stature reported a decrease in these domains. Along with this, a statistically significant increase in height in the treated group can be observed, while the slight increase in the untreated group was not significant. In conclusion, the results showed that human growth hormone treatment may have a positive effect not only on height but also in improving patient-reported health-related quality of life of children with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency and children born small for gestational age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Quitmann
- Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Institute for Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Janika Bloemeke
- Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Institute for Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Neuza Silva
- Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Institute for Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Monika Bullinger
- Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Institute for Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Witt
- Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Institute for Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ilker Akkurt
- Children and Adolescent Endocrinology, MVZ am AKK GmbH, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Christian Vogel
- Clinic for Children and Adolescent Medicine, Chemnitz Hospital, Chemnitz, Germany
| | | | | | - Markus Bettendorf
- Center for Children and Adolescent Medicine, University Clinic of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eckhard Schönau
- Pediatric Endocrinology, University Clinic of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Susanne Fricke-Otto
- Center for Children and Adolescent Medicine, HELIOS Hospital, Krefeld, Germany
| | | | - Klaus Mohnike
- University Children's Clinic, Otto von Geuricke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Helmuth-Günther Dörr
- Clinic for Children and Adolescents, Erlangen-Nürnberg Universtiy, Erlangen, Germany
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17
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Finken MJJ, van der Steen M, Smeets CCJ, Walenkamp MJE, de Bruin C, Hokken-Koelega ACS, Wit JM. Children Born Small for Gestational Age: Differential Diagnosis, Molecular Genetic Evaluation, and Implications. Endocr Rev 2018; 39:851-894. [PMID: 29982551 DOI: 10.1210/er.2018-00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Children born small for gestational age (SGA), defined as a birth weight and/or length below -2 SD score (SDS), comprise a heterogeneous group. The causes of SGA are multifactorial and include maternal lifestyle and obstetric factors, placental dysfunction, and numerous fetal (epi)genetic abnormalities. Short-term consequences of SGA include increased risks of hypothermia, polycythemia, and hypoglycemia. Although most SGA infants show catch-up growth by 2 years of age, ∼10% remain short. Short children born SGA are amenable to GH treatment, which increases their adult height by on average 1.25 SD. Add-on treatment with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist may be considered in early pubertal children with an expected adult height below -2.5 SDS. A small birth size increases the risk of later neurodevelopmental problems and cardiometabolic diseases. GH treatment does not pose an additional risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn J J Finken
- Department of Pediatrics, VU University Medical Center, MB Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Manouk van der Steen
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center/Sophia Children's Hospital, CN Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Carolina C J Smeets
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center/Sophia Children's Hospital, CN Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marie J E Walenkamp
- Department of Pediatrics, VU University Medical Center, MB Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Christiaan de Bruin
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, RC Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Anita C S Hokken-Koelega
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center/Sophia Children's Hospital, CN Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jan M Wit
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, RC Leiden, Netherlands
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18
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Sommer R, Blömeke J, Bullinger M, Quitmann J. The psychometric evaluation of the quality of life in short stature youth (QoLISSY) instrument for German children born small for gestational age. J Endocrinol Invest 2018; 41:1185-1191. [PMID: 29455392 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-018-0850-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to validate the disease-specific "quality of life in short stature youth (QoLISSY)-instrument" that assessesQuery the health-related quality of life (HrQoL) in German children and adolescents diagnosed as small for gestational age (SGA) in a patient and parent report. METHODS The psychometric performance of the German version of the QoLISSY questionnaire was examined in terms of reliability and validity in 65 SGA families (17 child reports/64 parent reports) and compared to the psychometric performance of the original European QoLISSY dataset of over 200 children with growth hormone deficiency and idiopathic short stature (ISS). RESULTS The analysis yielded psychometrically favorable results with excellent reliability and acceptable discriminant validity. The instrument's operating characteristics were comparable to the results of the original European QoLISSY data. In the parent- as well as child report, children with SGA had lower HrQoL scores than children with ISS. Convergent validity was demonstrated by significant correlations between the QoLISSY scales and the generic KIDSCREEN-10 Index. CONCLUSION Psychometric testing suggests that QoLISSY is a promising instrument to assess the HrQoL of young German people with SGA. Both versions (parent- and child report) appear to detect differences between SGA and other conditions (e.g. ISS). QoLISSY can be used in clinical studies, health service research, as well as in practice in children with SGA and their parents. For a cross-cultural application of the instrument in SGA, the tool needs be validated in sufficiently large SGA samples within respective countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sommer
- Department of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - J Blömeke
- Department of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Bullinger
- Department of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Quitmann
- Department of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
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19
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Samsudin EZ, Isahak M, Rampal S. The prevalence, risk factors and outcomes of workplace bullying among junior doctors: a systematic review. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WORK AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/1359432x.2018.1502171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ely Zarina Samsudin
- Population Health and Preventive Medicine Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Marzuki Isahak
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sanjay Rampal
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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20
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Pinquart M. Systematic Review: Bullying Involvement of Children With and Without Chronic Physical Illness and/or Physical/Sensory Disability-a Meta-Analytic Comparison With Healthy/Nondisabled Peers. J Pediatr Psychol 2017; 42:245-259. [PMID: 27784727 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsw081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To compare levels of victimization and perpetration associated with bullying among children and adolescents with and without chronic physical illnesses and/or physical or sensory disabilities. Methods In total, 107 studies were identified using a systematic search in electronic databases and cross-referencing. A random-effects meta-analysis was computed. Results Children and adolescents with chronic physical illness or disability were more likely to be victims of bullying in general (odds ratio [OR] = 1.65), particularly physical bullying (OR = 1.47), relational bullying (OR = 1.47), verbal bullying (OR = 1.67), cyberbullying (OR = 1.39), and illness-specific teasing (OR = 5.29). They were also more likely to be bullies in general (OR = 1.28), as well physical (OR = 1.38) and relational bullies (OR = 1.13). The effect sizes varied across different illnesses and disabilities and, in part, by visibility of the disease, school type, and year of assessment. Conclusions Although most between-group differences tend to be small, some form of intervention is needed to reduce bullying among children and adolescents with chronic physical illnesses and/or physical or sensory disabilities, and illness-specific weight- and appearance-related teasing in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pinquart
- Department of Psychology, Philipps University, Marburg , Germany
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21
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Silva N, Bullinger M, Sommer R, Rohenkohl A, Witt S, Quitmann J. Children's psychosocial functioning and parents' quality of life in paediatric short stature: The mediating role of caregiving stress. Clin Psychol Psychother 2017; 25:e107-e118. [PMID: 28960605 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES On the basis of the multidimensional model of the caregiving process, this study aimed (a) to compare the levels of quality of life (QoL) and psychological problems of children with short stature and the levels of caregiving stress and QoL of their parents, between diagnostic, treatment, and current height deviation groups, and (b) to examine the direct and indirect links, via caregiving stress, between children's psychosocial functioning and their parents' QoL. METHOD The sample was collected in 5 European countries and comprised 238 dyads of 8- to 18-year-old children and adolescents with a clinical diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency or idiopathic short stature and one of their parents. The children completed self-report measures of height-related QoL (Quality of Life in Short Stature Youth Core Module) and psychological problems (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire); the parents reported on their own QoL (EUROHIS-QOL-8 Index) and caregiving stress (Quality of Life in Short Stature Youth Effects on Parents subscale). RESULTS Children who were treated and who achieved normal height reported better QoL compared to those untreated and with current short stature. Parents of children with idiopathic short stature and current short stature presented greater caregiving stress than parents of children with growth hormone deficiency and achieved normal height. Children's better psychosocial functioning was indirectly associated with parents' better QoL, via less caregiving stress, and these links were invariant across diagnoses, treatment status, and current height deviation. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that, along with growth hormone treatments, multidisciplinary interventions in paediatric endocrinology should be family-centred, by targeting both the children's psychosocial functioning and the parents' stress, in order to improve individual and family adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neuza Silva
- Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Cognitive and Behavioral Center for Research and Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Monika Bullinger
- Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rachel Sommer
- Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anja Rohenkohl
- Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Witt
- Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julia Quitmann
- Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Sommer R, Bullinger M, Chaplin J, Do JK, Power M, Pleil A, Quitmann J. Experiencing health-related quality of life in paediatric short stature - a cross-cultural analysis of statements from patients and parents. Clin Psychol Psychother 2017; 24:1370-1376. [PMID: 28675583 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Direct assessment of the patient perspective is necessary to thoroughly understand patients' experiences of disease. We aimed to examine information from children with short stature on their perceived HrQoL within 5 European countries. METHODS Patients, identified through clinical databases, were approached by their clinicians according to the inclusion criteria regarding a diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency or idiopathic short stature and age requirements. A focus group methodology was applied in 84 children and 112 parents. Based on a category system, individual statements were allocated to domains. To evaluate the emerging topics, qualitative content analysis was conducted. Domains and respective coding frequencies per category were compared across countries and respondents. RESULTS The highest number of statements produced by the children and parents were related to social (29%) and emotional needs and concerns (28%). In particular, children stressed their experience of social exclusion but also their perception of social support. Regarding emotional needs, they stated mainly the desire to be taller in order to be less teased by peers. National differences were identified, for example, Swedish (22%) and British (16%) children and their parents (Sweden 26%; Britain 23%) stressed physical HrQoL aspects, whereas German children (21%) strongly focused on treatment aspects, mainly the benefit of treatment. CONCLUSION Comprehensive knowledge of the impact of a chronic condition such as short stature on wellbeing is an important precondition of effective treatment. Because socioemotional topics were rated in all the countries to be most important, interventions aimed at improving HrQoL should target social and emotional responses to short stature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Sommer
- Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Monika Bullinger
- Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - John Chaplin
- Department of Pediatrics, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ju-Ky Do
- Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mick Power
- Clinical Psychology Programmes, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Julia Quitmann
- Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Bullying in the American Graduate Medical Education System: A National Cross-Sectional Survey. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150246. [PMID: 26982705 PMCID: PMC4794154 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To deliver an estimate of bullying among residents and fellows in the United States graduate medical education system and to explore its prevalence within unique subgroups. Design/Setting/Participants A national cross-sectional survey from a sample of residents and fellows who completed an online bullying survey conducted in June 2015. The survey was distributed using a chain sampling method that relied on electronic referrals from 4,055 training programs, with 1,791 residents and fellows completing the survey in its entirety. Survey respondents completed basic demographic and programmatic information plus four general bullying and 20 specific bullying behavior questions. Between-group differences were compared for demographic and programmatic stratifications. Main Outcomes/Measures Self-reported subjected to workplace bullying from peers, attendings, nurses, ancillary staff, or patients in the past 12 months. Results Almost half of the respondents (48%) reported being subjected to bullying although both those subjected and not subjected reported experiencing ≥ 1 bullying behaviors (95% and 39% respectively). Attendings (29%) and nurses (27%) were the most frequently identified source of bullying, followed by patients, peers, consultants and staff. Attempts to belittle and undermine work and unjustified criticism and monitoring of work were the most frequently reported bullying behaviors (44% each), followed by destructive innuendo and sarcasm (37%) and attempts to humiliate (32%). Specific bullying behaviors were more frequently reported by female, non-white, shorter than < 5’8 and BMI ≥ 25 individuals. Conclusions/Relevance Many trainees report experiencing bullying in the United States graduate medical education programs. Including specific questions on bullying in the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education annual resident/fellow survey, implementation of anti-bullying policies, and a multidisciplinary approach engaging all stakeholders may be of great value to eliminate these pervasive behaviors in the field of healthcare.
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Rohenkohl AC, Sommer R, Bestges S, Kahrs S, Klingebiel KH, Bullinger M, Quitmann J. [Living with achondroplasia- how do young persons with disproportional short stature rate their quality of life and which factors are associated with quality of life?]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER-UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2016; 43:433-41. [PMID: 26602047 DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Presently, little is known aqout the quality of life (QoL) as well as the strengths and difficulties of young people with achondroplasia. This study describes these patient-reported indicators and identifies possible correlates. METHOD At the invitation of a patient organization, a total of 89 short-statured patients aged 8 to 28 years and their parents participated in this study. QoL was assessed cross-sectionally with both generic and disease-specific instruments and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) as a brief behavioral screening. In addition to descriptive analyses, patient data were compared with a reference population. Hierarchical regression analyses reflecting sociodemographic, clinical, and psychological variables were conducted to identify correlates of QoL. RESULTS QoL and the strengths and difficulties of young patients with achondroplasia did not differ substantially from a healthy norm sample. However, the participants reported more behavioral problems and limitations in their physical and social QoL compared to patients with another short stature diagnosis. Strengths and difficulties, height-related beliefs, and social support correlated significantly with QoL. Adding psychological variables to the regression model increased the proportion of variance explained in QoL. CONCLUSIONS Young persons with achondroplasia did not differ in their QoL and strengths and difficulties from healthy controls. Characteristics such as height appear less important for the self-perceived QoL than are strengths and difficulties and protective psychosocia~factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja C Rohenkohl
- 1 Institut und Poliklinik für Medizinische Psychologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf
| | - Rachel Sommer
- 1 Institut und Poliklinik für Medizinische Psychologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf
| | - Stephanie Bestges
- 1 Institut und Poliklinik für Medizinische Psychologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf
| | - Sabine Kahrs
- 2 Bundesverband Kleinwüchsige Menschen und ihre Familien e. V., Bremen
| | | | - Monika Bullinger
- 1 Institut und Poliklinik für Medizinische Psychologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf
| | - Julia Quitmann
- 1 Institut und Poliklinik für Medizinische Psychologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf
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Andersen LP, Labriola M, Andersen JH, Lund T, Hansen CD. Bullied at school, bullied at work: a prospective study. BMC Psychol 2015; 3:35. [PMID: 26458372 PMCID: PMC4603733 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-015-0092-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The consequences of childhood bullying victimisation are serious. Much previous research on risk factors for being bullied has used a cross-sectional design, impeding the possibility to draw conclusions on causality, and has not considered simultaneous effects of multiple risk factors. Paying closer attention to multiple risk factors for being bullying can provide a basis for designing intervention programmes to prevent or reduce bullying among children and adolescents. METHODS Risk factors for bullying were examined by using questionnaire data collected in 2004 and 2007. In 2004, the participants were aged 14-15 years and 17-18 years in 2007. The baseline questionnaire was answered by 3054 individuals in 2004, and 2181 individuals participated in both rounds. We analysed risk factors for being bullied at the individual and societal level. Information on the social background of the participants was derived from a national register at Statistics Denmark. RESULTS Several risk factors were identified. Being obese, low self-assessed position in school class, overprotective parents, low self-esteem, low sense of coherence and low socioeconomic status were risk factors for being bullied at school. Being overweight, smoking, low self-assessed position in class, low sense of coherence and low socioeconomic status were risk factors for being bullied at work. However, most associations between risk factors in 2004 and being bullied in 2007 disappeared after adjustment for being bullied in 2004. CONCLUSIONS The strongest risk factor for being bullied was being previously bullied. Our results stress the importance of early prevention of bullying at schools. In addition, attention should be drawn to the role of overprotective parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Peter Andersen
- Danish Ramazzini Centre, Department of Occupational Medicine, University Research Clinic, Regional Hospital West Jutland, Gl. Landevej 61, 7400, Herning, Denmark.
| | - Merete Labriola
- Aarhus University, Department of Public Health, Universitets Parken, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark.
- CFK Public Health and Quality Improvement Central Denmark Region, P. P. Orumsgade 11, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark.
| | - Johan Hviid Andersen
- Danish Ramazzini Centre, Department of Occupational Medicine, University Research Clinic, Regional Hospital West Jutland, Gl. Landevej 61, 7400, Herning, Denmark.
| | - Thomas Lund
- Danish Ramazzini Centre, Department of Occupational Medicine, University Research Clinic, Regional Hospital West Jutland, Gl. Landevej 61, 7400, Herning, Denmark.
- CFK Public Health and Quality Improvement Central Denmark Region, P. P. Orumsgade 11, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark.
| | - Claus D Hansen
- Department of Sociology & Social Work, Kroghstrædet 5, Aalborg University, Aalborg, 9220, Denmark.
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Abstract
Some proponents of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) treatment in growth hormone-sufficient children cite height, as an isolated physical characteristic, as being associated with psychosocial morbidity. Others question the reliability of the evidence underpinning the quality-of-life rationale for treatment as well as the bioethics of rhGH treatment. The following questions are addressed: (1) Is short stature an obstacle to positive psychosocial adjustment? and (2) Does increasing height with rhGH treatment make a difference to the person's psychosocial adaptation and quality of life? Three clinical case examples are used to illustrate the complexities associated with decision-making surrounding rhGH use.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Sandberg
- Child Health Evaluation & Research (CHEAR) Unit, Division of Child Behavioral Health, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, 300 North Ingalls Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Melissa Gardner
- Child Health Evaluation & Research (CHEAR) Unit, Division of Child Behavioral Health, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, 300 North Ingalls Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Chaux E, Castellanos M. Money and age in schools: Bullying and power imbalances. Aggress Behav 2015; 41:280-93. [PMID: 25219327 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
School bullying continues to be a serious problem around the world. Thus, it seems crucial to clearly identify the risk factors associated with being a victim or a bully. The current study focused in particular on the role that age and socio-economic differences between classmates could play on bullying. Logistic and multilevel analyses were conducted using data from 53,316 5th and 9th grade students from a representative sample of public and private Colombian schools. Higher age and better family socio-economic conditions than classmates were risk factors associated with being a bully, while younger age and poorer socio-economic conditions than classmates were associated with being a victim of bullying. Coming from authoritarian families or violent neighborhoods, and supporting beliefs legitimizing aggression, were also associated with bullying and victimization. Empathy was negatively associated with being a bully, and in some cases positively associated with being a victim. The results highlight the need to take into account possible sources of power imbalances, such as age and socio-economic differences among classmates, when seeking to prevent bullying. In particular, interventions focused on peer group dynamics might contribute to avoid power imbalances or to prevent power imbalances from becoming power abuse. Aggr. Behav. 41:280-293, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Bullinger M, Sommer R, Pleil A, Mauras N, Ross J, Newfield R, Silverman L, Rohenkohl A, Fox J, Quitmann J. Evaluation of the American-English Quality of Life in Short Stature Youth (QoLISSY) questionnaire in the United States. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2015; 13:43. [PMID: 25889818 PMCID: PMC4424504 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-015-0236-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The European Quality of Life in Short Stature Youth (QoLISSY) is a novel condition-specific instrument developed to assess health related quality of life (HrQoL) in children/adolescents with short stature from patient and parent perspectives. Study objective was to linguistically validate and psychometrically test the American-English version of the QoLISSY instrument. METHODS Upon conversion of the British-English version to American-English, content validity and acceptance of the questionnaire were examined through focus group discussions with cognitive debriefing in 28 children/adolescents with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) or idiopathic short stature (ISS) and their parents. In the subsequent field test with 51 families and a re-test with 25 families the psychometric performance of the American-English version was examined and compared with the original European dataset. RESULTS Pilot test results supported the suitability of the American-English version. Good internal consistency with Cronbach's Alpha ranging from 0.84 to 0.97 and high test-re-test reliabilities were observed in the field test. The QoLISSY was able to detect significant differences according to the degree of short stature with higher HrQoL for taller children. Correlations with a generic HrQoL tool support the QoLISSY's concurrent validity. The scale's operating characteristics were comparable to the original European data. CONCLUSION Results support that the QoLISSY American-English version is a psychometrically sound short stature-specific instrument to assess the patient- and parent- perceived impact of short stature. The QoLISSY instrument is fit for use in clinical studies and health services research in the American-English speaking population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Bullinger
- Department of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Rachel Sommer
- Department of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | | | - Nelly Mauras
- Nemours Children's Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
| | - Judith Ross
- Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA.
| | - Ron Newfield
- Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA. .,University of San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Lawrence Silverman
- Goryeb Children's Hospital, Atlantic Health System, Morristown, New Jersey, USA.
| | - Anja Rohenkohl
- Department of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Janet Fox
- Pfizer Inc., Outcomes Research, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Julia Quitmann
- Department of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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Stulp G, Buunk AP, Verhulst S, Pollet TV. Human height is positively related to interpersonal dominance in dyadic interactions. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117860. [PMID: 25719490 PMCID: PMC4342156 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Across cultures, taller stature is linked to increased social status, but the potential reasons why this should be are unclear. One potential explanation is that taller individuals are more likely to win a dyadic confrontation with a competitor (i.e., they are more dominant), which leads to higher social rank. Although some previous studies have shown that perceptions of status or dominance are related to height, and are therefore consistent with such an explanation, there is surprisingly little research testing whether height actually has any influence on the behavioural outcomes in real-life social interactions. Here, we present three naturalistic observational studies demonstrating that height predicts interpersonal dominance during brief dyadic interactions. Study 1 investigated the likelihood of giving way in a narrow passage (N = 92); Study 2 investigated giving way in a busy shopping street, plus the likelihood of colliding with another individual (N = 1,108); and Study 3 investigated the likelihood of maintaining a linear path while walking, and potentially entering another individual’s personal space (N = 1,056). We conclude that human height is positively related to interpersonal dominance, and may well contribute to the widely observed positive association between height and social status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gert Stulp
- Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Abraham P. Buunk
- Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of Curaçao, Willemstad, Curaçao
| | - Simon Verhulst
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas V. Pollet
- Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Tabatabaei-Malazy O, Mohajeri-Tehrani MR, Heshmat R, Taheri E, Shafiee G, Razzaghy-Azar M, Rabbani A, Qorbani M, Adibi H, Shahbazi S, Karimi F, Rezaian S, Larijani B. Efficacy and safety of Samtropin™ recombinant human growth hormone; a double-blind randomized clinical trial. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2014; 13:115. [PMID: 25648850 PMCID: PMC4304100 DOI: 10.1186/s40200-014-0115-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) can increase the growth rate in growth hormone deficient children (GHD). In this randomized clinical trial, we compared the efficacy and side effects of an Iranian brand; Samtropin with Norditropin. Methods The GHD children were randomly treated either with standard dose of Samtropin or Norditropin rhGH for one year. Upstanding height, height standard deviation score (HSDS), growth velocity (GV), serum levels of insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and bone age (BA) were determined before and during one year treatment concomitant side effects of treatment. Results We evaluated 22 subjects; 12 on Samtropin and, 10 on Norditropin. In each group, mean age was 12 yr and 50% of them were male. The mean differences in height, HSDS, IGF-1 and BA by Norditropin before and after 12 months were 8.8 cm, 0.5, 49 ng/ml and 2.8 yr, respectively. These measures by Samtropin were 9.1 cm, 0.6, 133 ng/ml, and 1.7 yr, respectively without any significant difference. The mean of GV by Samtropin was 9.1 vs. 8.8 cm by Norditropin without significant difference. Since the efficacy of Samtropin was found to be similar to Norditropin after 12 months; we switched to use only Samtropin for the next 12 months. The mean differences in height, HSDS, GV and BA in 20 children between months 12 and 24 were 7.0 cm, 1.6, 2.1 cm/yr and 1.0 yr, respectively (P < 0.001). We also found a non-significant decrease in IGF-1 levels. No side effects were observed. Conclusions We need to conduct a post marketing surveillance with a large sample size in order to confirm our findings. Trial registration Registration code number in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT): IRCT1138901181414N11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozra Tabatabaei-Malazy
- Endocrinology & Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Mohajeri-Tehrani
- Endocrinology & Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Heshmat
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Eghbal Taheri
- Endocrinology & Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gita Shafiee
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Razzaghy-Azar
- Inborn Error of Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Rabbani
- Growth & Development Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Department of Public Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran ; Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Adibi
- Endocrinology & Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samimeh Shahbazi
- Endocrinology & Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Karimi
- Endocrinology & Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sheema Rezaian
- Endocrinology & Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology & Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zhao PT, Velez D, Faiena I, Creenan EM, Barone JG. Bullying has a potential role in pediatric lower urinary tract symptoms. J Urol 2014; 193:1743-8. [PMID: 25304083 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.08.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE National statistics estimate that a quarter of American school children are regularly bullied, making this issue the main parental concern and the leading form of school violence. To our knowledge no study in the literature has examined the association of bullying with lower urinary tract symptoms. We evaluated the relationship between being bullied and lower urinary tract symptoms in the pediatric population. MATERIALS AND METHODS We accrued 100 patients from a pediatric urology practice in prospective case-control fashion. The degree of lower urinary tract symptoms was determined by the voiding severity score obtained by a single pediatric urologist. Using the Peer Relations Questionnaire and a thermometer scale we surveyed participants for evidence of victimization from bullying and school related anxiety. We then correlated voiding symptom severity with the degree of bullying. RESULTS After applying our study exclusion criteria we examined and analyzed data on 38 control children without lower urinary tract symptoms and on 38 children with lower urinary tract symptoms. Mean age was similar in the 2 groups. There were more females in the group with lower urinary tract symptoms (22 vs 13). Mean case voiding severity score was 3.82 (range 2 to 5). As measured by Bullied Index Score the degree of being bullied was significantly higher in the case group (4.76 vs 1.95, p <0.001), as was the anxiety level estimated by the thermometer score (3.68 vs 0.97, p <0.001). We also found that physical forms of bullying accounted for worse voiding severity scores (4.56 vs 3.67, p <0.01). CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge our study is the first to show that 1) bullying is significantly associated with pediatric lower urinary tract symptoms and 2) physical forms of bullying accompany worsened symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip T Zhao
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey.
| | - Danielle Velez
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Izak Faiena
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Eileen M Creenan
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Joseph G Barone
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Children's Hospital at Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, New Brunswick, New Jersey
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Abstract
Concerns about a child's growth are one of the most common topics parents voice during general pediatric office visits and are a leading cause for referral to a pediatric endocrinologist. There are a variety of conditions that lead to short stature in children; however, in the absence of true pathology, idiopathic short stature and constitutional delay are the most frequent causes. This article reviews the general approach to evaluating the short child and clinical signs that should prompt further evaluation and referral. We also address the unique psychological issues that these children face and approaches to counseling families with a child with idiopathic short stature.
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Silva N, Bullinger M, Quitmann J, Ravens-Sieberer U, Rohenkohl A. HRQoL of European children and adolescents with short stature as assessed with generic (KIDSCREEN) and chronic-generic (DISABKIDS) instruments. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2014; 13:817-27. [PMID: 24219053 DOI: 10.1586/14737167.2013.847366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Short stature may be associated with impairments in health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This study compared the HRQoL of children/adolescents diagnosed with short stature to population norms and examined the effects of height deviation and treatment status on HRQoL. METHOD We cross-sectionally assessed 110 children/adolescents aged 8-18, with current short stature (height deviation ≤-2 standard-deviation (SD)) or normal height achieved since diagnosis, and 98 parents, using the generic KIDSCREEN and the chronic-generic DISABKIDS instruments. RESULTS Generic HRQoL of patients was similar to population norms. Patients with achieved normal height reported better chronic-generic HRQoL when untreated, while patients with current short stature reported better HRQoL upon receiving treatment. Parents reported better HRQoL for treated patients, especially for girls. CONCLUSION Although their HRQoL is not significantly compromised, patients diagnosed with short stature may profit from growth-hormone treatment. Specific instruments are needed to adequately assess the effectiveness of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neuza Silva
- Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52 W26, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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Wu HH, Li H, Gao Q. Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the pediatric quality of life inventory 4.0 Generic core scales among children with short stature. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2013; 11:87. [PMID: 23721407 PMCID: PMC3673864 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7525-11-87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The quality of life in children with short stature was rarely studied in China, so we explore these children’s quality of life and psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0(PedsQL4.0) Generic Core Scales among children with short stature. Methods A total of 201 children aged 8 ~ 18 years from the short stature clinic and other clinics of capital institute of pediatrics attended this study. The questionnaires include demographic information and PedsQL4.0 generic core scales. According to children’s height, we divided them into three groups: short stature, normal short and normal group, then compared the score of scales by the height category. Moreover, we analyzed the reliability and validity of PedsQL4.0 generic core scales in these 201 children. Results The child self-report total PedsQL mean score, for the short stature, normal short and normal groups were 77.77 ± 9.69, 83.50 ± 8.56 and 87.36 ± 7.23; the parent-proxy total PedsQL mean score were 77.62 ± 10.50, 82.69 ± 8.35 and 84.91 ± 9.96 respectively. Both for children self- and parent proxy-reports, the Cronbach’s α coefficients of total scale, psychosocial health and social functioning ranged between 0.74 and 0.80, it ranged between 0.51 and 0.66 in other dimensions. For child self-reports, the correlation coefficients of 17 items’ scores (total 23 items) with the scores of dimensions they belong to were above 0.5, with the highest 0.759; the other 6 items’ correlation coefficients were below 0.5, with the lowest 0.280. For parent proxy-reports, the correlation coefficients of 19 items’ scores with the scores of dimension they belong to were above 0.5, with the highest 0.793, the other 4 items’ below 0.5 with the lowest 0.243. Conclusions The quality of life in children with short stature is worse than their normal peers by Peds QL4.0 generic core scales, the statues of their quality of life was positively related to their stature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-hong Wu
- Department of Growth and Development, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Ya-Bao Road, Chao-Yang District, Beijing, China
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Naiki Y, Horikawa R, Tanaka T. Assessment of Psychosocial Status among Short-stature Children with and without Growth Hormone Therapy and Their Parents. Clin Pediatr Endocrinol 2013; 22:25-32. [PMID: 23990695 DOI: 10.1292/cpe.22.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the psychosocial status of short children with and without growth hormone therapy (GHT) and that of their parents, self-administered questionnaires were collected from patients and parents who regularly visit the outpatient clinics participating in the Child Health and Development Network. Completed questionnaires were received for one hundred and thirteen patients with GHT and 67 patients without GHT. According to the parents, both children with GHT and without GHT have no difficulty in their daily lives (89% vs. 95%) and are positive (56% vs. 65%), respectively. Ninety-eight percent of parents of children with GHT and 83% of parents of children without GHT had expected the current treatment strategy to be effective. Parents of children with GHT are more satisfied with the current therapy than those without GHT (79% vs. 50%), and feel less anxiety about the on-going therapy than (31% vs. 58%, respectively). Children treated with or without equally reported having no difficulty in their daily lives (90% vs. 93%), and being positive in their lives (81% vs. 75%, respectively) despite their short stature. Although less than one third of the patients have been bullied in their classroom (26% with GHT vs. 29% without GHT), younger and shorter children tend to be bullied more often. Short children undergoing GHT and their parents have anxiety regarding their height and expectations of the effect of GHT. It is important for doctors to inform their patients regarding realistic height expectations before starting GHT. Additionally, medical consultation is recommended for patients who remain below -2 SD in height despite GHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Naiki
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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Naiki Y, Horikawa R, Tanaka T. Assessment of Psychosocial Status among Short-stature Children with and without Growth Hormone Therapy and Their Parents. Clin Pediatr Endocrinol 2013. [PMID: 23990695 PMCID: PMC3756184 DOI: 10.1297/cpe.22.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the psychosocial status of short
children with and without growth hormone therapy (GHT) and that of their parents,
self-administered questionnaires were collected from patients and parents who regularly
visit the outpatient clinics participating in the Child Health and Development Network.
Completed questionnaires were received for one hundred and thirteen patients with GHT and
67 patients without GHT. According to the parents, both children with GHT and without GHT
have no difficulty in their daily lives (89% vs. 95%) and are positive (56% vs. 65%),
respectively. Ninety-eight percent of parents of children with GHT and 83% of parents of
children without GHT had expected the current treatment strategy to be effective. Parents
of children with GHT are more satisfied with the current therapy than those without GHT
(79% vs. 50%), and feel less anxiety about the on-going therapy than (31% vs. 58%,
respectively). Children treated with or without equally reported having no difficulty in
their daily lives (90% vs. 93%), and being positive in their lives (81% vs. 75%,
respectively) despite their short stature. Although less than one third of the patients
have been bullied in their classroom (26% with GHT vs. 29% without GHT), younger and
shorter children tend to be bullied more often. Short children undergoing GHT and their
parents have anxiety regarding their height and expectations of the effect of GHT. It is
important for doctors to inform their patients regarding realistic height expectations
before starting GHT. Additionally, medical consultation is recommended for patients who
remain below –2 SD in height despite GHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Naiki
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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Ambler GR, Fairchild J, Wilkinson DJC. Debate: idiopathic short stature should be treated with growth hormone. J Paediatr Child Health 2013; 49:165-9. [PMID: 22582941 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1754.2012.02465.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we outline the case for and against the treatment of idiopathic short stature with growth hormone. Drs Ambler and Fairchild argue that many of those with 'idiopathic' short stature are not 'short, normal children' and will ultimately receive molecular diagnoses. They also argue that there is a subset of children who suffer negative psychosocial consequences of their stature for whom growth hormone therapy is effective. Growth hormone has a very good safety record and is likely to be as cost-effective in idiopathic short-stature as in some other conditions that are currently funded. Dr Wilkinson counters that short stature is not associated with physical or psychological illness, and that there is no evidence that growth hormone improves psychological or physical wellbeing. Moreover, growth hormone for idiopathic short stature represents a form of enhancement rather than treatment, and is not a fair use of resources. Socially mediated disadvantage should be treated by attention to prejudice and not by hormone treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey R Ambler
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sydney Children's Hospitals Network (Westmead Campus), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, United Kingdom.
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von Hinke Kessler Scholder S, Davey Smith G, Lawlor DA, Propper C, Windmeijer F. Child height, health and human capital: Evidence using genetic markers. EUROPEAN ECONOMIC REVIEW 2013; 57:1-22. [PMID: 25673883 PMCID: PMC4318168 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroecorev.2012.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Height has long been recognized as being associated with better outcomes: the question is whether this association is causal. We use children's genetic variants as instrumental variables to deal with possible unobserved confounders and examine the effect of child/adolescent height on a wide range of outcomes: academic performance, IQ, self-esteem, depression symptoms and behavioral problems. OLS findings show that taller children have higher IQ, perform better in school, and are less likely to have behavioral problems. The IV results differ: taller girls (but not boys) have better cognitive performance and, in contrast to the OLS, greater height appears to increase behavioral problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie von Hinke Kessler Scholder
- Department of Economics and Related Studies, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
- CMPO, University of Bristol, 2 Priory Road, Bristol BS8 1TX, UK
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology (CAiTE), School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Debbie A. Lawlor
- MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology (CAiTE), School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Carol Propper
- CMPO and Department of Economics, University of Bristol, 2 Priory Road, Bristol BS8 1TX, UK
- Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Frank Windmeijer
- CMPO and Department of Economics, University of Bristol, 2 Priory Road, Bristol BS8 1TX, UK
- Centre for Microdata, Methods and Practice, UK
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Ringwalt C, Shamblen S. Is there an association between adolescent bullying victimization and substance abuse? JOURNAL OF DRUG EDUCATION 2012; 42:447-467. [PMID: 25905123 DOI: 10.2190/de.42.4.e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Bullying is endemic in the nation's schools and takes a substantial toll on its victims' physical and social-emotional well-being. We assessed the association between specific reasons for which adolescents believe that they are targeted for bullying and their rates of various types of substance use by analyzing the association between self-reported past 30-day substance use and past 30-day bullying victimization among 53,750 middle and high school students in Oregon. Our results confirm previous estimates of prevalence rates for bullying as well as modest (r < 0.20) associations between bullying victimization and substance use. However, study findings did not reveal a particular reason for bullying victimization that would place adolescents at a relatively high risk of substance use.
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Health-related quality of life and cognitive functioning in pediatric short stature: comparison of growth-hormone-naïve, growth-hormone-treated, and healthy samples. Eur J Pediatr 2011; 170:351-8. [PMID: 20886355 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-010-1299-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2010] [Accepted: 09/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of short stature on generic health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and cognitive functioning in pediatric patients. Eighty-nine youth, 48 who were initially seen with short stature (SS group) and 41 with a history of short stature being treated with growth hormone (GHT group) and one of their legal guardians participated in the study. HRQOL and cognitive functioning were assessed using the PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales and PedsQL™ Cognitive Functioning Scale. Comparisons were made between the study groups and with a previously obtained matched healthy sample. For the GHT group, height Z score was found to be a positive predictor of overall HRQOL while duration of GHT was found to be a predictor of physical functioning. For the SS group, the difference between midparental height Z score and height Z score was found to be a negative predictor of overall HRQOL and cognitive functioning. Comparison with the healthy sample demonstrated significant negative impact on HRQOL for child self-report and on HRQOL and cognitive functioning for parent proxy-report in both study groups. The GHT group had a significantly higher child self-reported Physical Functioning score than the SS group (effect size (ES) = 0.52, p < 0.05). In conclusion, the GHT group had slightly better HRQOL scores than the SS group, but the difference was not statistically significant. Both groups had significantly lower HRQOL and cognitive functioning scores than healthy sample. Predictors of HRQOL and cognitive functioning found in this study lend support to the use of the PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Score Scales and PedsQL™ Cognitive Functioning Scale in routine assessment of children with short stature in order to identify children at increased risk for impaired HRQOL and cognitive functioning.
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Abstract
The association of body height with occupational success has been frequently studied, with previous research mainly finding a positive effect among men and positive or null effects among women. Occupational success has almost exclusively been measured so far by short-term success variables (e.g., annual income). In the present study, the relationship of success and height was examined in a group of actors and actresses using a large online database about movies (Internet Movie Database) where heights of actors and actresses are stated. The number of roles played in movies and television series during each actor's lifetime was used as a measure of long-term occupational success. No height effect was found for male actors but a significant negative effect was found for actresses, even after controlling for possible confounding influences (age and birth year). Compared to the general population, actors and actresses were significantly taller; however, actresses who were shorter than average were more likely to achieve greater occupational success, in terms of being featured in more movies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Stieger
- Department of Basic Psychological Research, School of Psychology, University of Vienna, Liebiggasse 5, A-1010 Vienna, Austria.
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Ross J, Czernichow P, Biller BMK, Colao A, Reiter E, Kiess W. Growth hormone: health considerations beyond height gain. Pediatrics 2010; 125:e906-18. [PMID: 20308212 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2009-1783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic benefit of growth hormone (GH) therapy in improving height in short children is widely recognized; however, GH therapy is associated with other metabolic actions that may be of benefit in these children. Beneficial effects of GH on body composition have been documented in several different patient populations as well as improvements in lipid profile. Marked augmentation of bone mineral density also seems evident in many pediatric populations. Some of these benefits may require continued therapy past the acquisition of adult height. With long-term therapy of any kind, the adverse consequences of treatment should also be considered. Fortunately, long-term GH treatment seems to be safe and well-tolerated. This review describes the long-term metabolic effects of GH treatment in the pediatric population and considers how these may benefit children who are treated with GH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Ross
- Department of Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University, 1025 Walnut St, Suite 726, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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Lee JM, Appugliese D, Coleman SM, Kaciroti N, Corwyn RF, Bradley RH, Sandberg DE, Lumeng JC. Short stature in a population-based cohort: social, emotional, and behavioral functioning. Pediatrics 2009; 124:903-10. [PMID: 19706592 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2008-0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal was to determine whether there were significant differences between children of normative versus short stature in behavioral functioning and peer relationships, according to teacher and child reports. METHODS The study included 712 boys and girls in the sixth grade, from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development. Main outcome measures included Achenbach Teacher's Report Form internalizing, externalizing, and total scores; Children's Depression Inventory scores (child report); Life Orientation Test-Revised scores (child report); Child Behavior with Peers questionnaire asocial with peers, excluded by peers, and peer victimization subscale scores (teacher report); peer social support and victimization scores (child report); and relationships with peers score (teacher report). In bivariate comparisons, these outcomes were compared for children of relatively short (height of <10th percentile) versus nonshort (height of > or =10th percentile) stature, and effect sizes were calculated. Multivariate linear regression models adjusted for maternal education, income/needs ratio, race, and gender. RESULTS Effect sizes ranged from 0.00 to 0.35. Short children reported marginally higher levels of self-perceived peer victimization, compared with their nonshort peers. There were no significant differences in the rest of the outcomes for children of short versus nonshort stature, in either unadjusted or adjusted models. CONCLUSION Although short children from a population-based sample reported marginally higher levels of self-perceived peer victimization, they did not differ from their nonshort peers in a range of social, emotional, and behavioral outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce M Lee
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Child Health Evaluation and Research Unit, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5456, USA.
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Srabstein J, Joshi P, Due P, Wright J, Leventhal B, Merrick J, Kim YS, Silber T, Kumpulainen K, Menvielle E, Riibner K. Prevention of public health risks linked to bullying: a need for a whole community approach. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2008; 20:185-99. [PMID: 18714555 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh.2008.20.2.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Bullying is a very toxic psychosocial stressor associated with serious health problems and death, affecting both the victims and the bullies. This form of abuse or maltreatment occurs around the world and along the lifespan. Health professionals have the unique responsibility of promoting the development of community initiatives for the prevention of bullying and related health problems. This effort must include ongoing programs with elements of primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. These programs should be supported and monitored by a public health policy with a strategy aimed at developing a whole community awareness about bullying and the related health risks, prohibiting bullying, and developing emotionally and physically safe environments in schools and workplace settings. Public health policy should mandate the monitoring, detection, and reporting of bullying incidents; provide guidance for school intervention; and offer guidelines for medical consultation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Srabstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States.
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Castinetti F, Fabre-Brue C, Brue T. [Growth hormone and idiopathic short stature]. ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2008; 69 Suppl 1:S11-S15. [PMID: 18954853 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-4266(08)73963-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic short stature is defined by height below 3rd percentile, in a child with normal birth height and weight, lack of dysmorphy, endocrine deficiency or systemic disease. Food and Drugs administration approved GH treatment in this indication in the United States, because it induces height gain, and sometimes may increase quality of life. There is no consensus in terms of duration, monitoring parameters, benefits and risks of long term GH treatment in these patients. Cost effectiveness of such a treatment is under debate, and ethical considerations also have to be taken into account. Recombinant IGF1 should not be proposed in this indication at the moment, due to the lack of sufficient data on potential GH insensitivity in a subgroup of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Castinetti
- Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabète et Maladies Métaboliques, Hôpital de la Timone et Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares d'origine hypophysaire, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France.
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Wit JM, Reiter EO, Ross JL, Saenger PH, Savage MO, Rogol AD, Cohen P. Idiopathic short stature: management and growth hormone treatment. Growth Horm IGF Res 2008; 18:111-135. [PMID: 18178498 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2007.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2007] [Accepted: 11/21/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In the management of ISS auxological, biochemical, psychosocial and ethical elements have to be considered. In boys with constitutional delay of growth and puberty androgens are effective in increasing height and sexual characteristics, but adult height is unchanged. GH therapy is efficacious in increasing height velocity and adult height, but the inter-individual variation is considerable. The effect on psychosocial status is uncertain. Factors affecting final height gain include GH dose, height deficit in comparison to midparental height, age and first year height velocity. In case of a low predicted adult height at the onset of puberty, addition of a GnRH analogue can be considered. Although GH therapy appears safe, long-term monitoring is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Wit
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, Leiden, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands.
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Christensen TL, Djurhuus CB, Clayton P, Christiansen JS. An evaluation of the relationship between adult height and health-related quality of life in the general UK population. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2007; 67:407-12. [PMID: 17573903 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2007.02901.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Short stature has previously been shown to influence several social factors during childhood and adult life. However, limited data exist to determine the influence of short stature on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) because of underpowered studies and the fact that children find questionnaires very difficult to complete. The objective of this study was to examine the influence of height on HRQoL for the general adult population in the UK. DESIGN The 2003 Health Survey for England (HSE03), commissioned by the Department of Health, provides a random general population sample for the population living in private households in England. Observations for 14 416 adults (aged > 18 years) were included in the analysis. MEASUREMENTS The survey involved a questionnaire-based interview and a nurse visit, where measurements and blood samples were taken. HRQoL was measured using the EQ-5D questionnaire. Social class (I-V) was derived according to definitions from UK National Statistics. Height was converted from centimetres to height standard deviation scores (HSDS). RESULTS Mean EQ-5D scores were lower in subjects with greater height deficit than in taller subjects. Three significantly different subgroups were identified using an analysis of variance (anova). The first subgroup 'HSDS </= -2.0' had significantly lower EQ-5D scores compared with the second group '-2.0 > HSDS </= 0' and the third group 'HSDS > 0'. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed significant correlations between height and HRQoL, such that an increase in height of 1 HSDS predicts an improvement in EQ-5D score of 6.1% for subjects shorter than -2.0 HSDS. Social class was a significant predictor of HRQoL in taller, but not in shorter, subjects. CONCLUSION The results of this study demonstrate that height in adult life is correlated with HRQoL and that short stature in adult life may be associated with a significant reduction in HRQoL.
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Until now, adolescents' health-related quality of life (HRQL) has primarily been examined together with children or adults. Specific aspects of adolescents' HRQL have often been neglected. However, this period in life has its own specific characteristics that must be considered in order to understand more about adolescents' HRQL. This review addresses the following issues: Which domains of HRQL are particularly important to adolescents? How are these important features of adolescent functioning related to overall HRQL? CONCLUSION When examining adolescents' HRQL it is essential to acknowledge the specific aspects of adolescents' HRQL, rather than regard these individuals as either children or adults and to cover important topics that are especially salient during this period in life, such as: physical maturation and body image; peer relationships; intimacy and sexuality; and autonomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Frisén
- Department of Psychology, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden.
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49
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Visser-van Balen H, Sinnema G, Geenen R. Growing up with idiopathic short stature: psychosocial development and hormone treatment; a critical review. Arch Dis Child 2006; 91:433-9. [PMID: 16632673 PMCID: PMC2082749 DOI: 10.1136/adc.2005.086942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
To facilitate decisions on interventions in medically referred children with idiopathic short stature, the research on psychosocial functioning of these children, possible risk and protective factors influencing adaptation, and effects of hormone treatment were reviewed. Parents ranked the behaviour of their children on average between normal and below normal. The magnitude of these deviations varied from small to large. Little is known about the children's self-perceived psychosocial functioning. Some risk factors were found: being teased, being juvenilised, being a boy, having a younger but taller sibling, low intelligence, and low socioeconomic status. There have been few studies on the impact of protective factors including temperament, coping strategies, and social support. On average, hormone treatment did not improve psychosocial functioning. The research shows the advantages and disadvantages of hormone treatment that must be considered when choosing a suitable intervention. It is suggested that psychosocial adjustment can be improved by focusing on factors other than height alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Visser-van Balen
- Department of Pediatric Psychology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht, Netherlands.
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50
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Drewett RF, Corbett SS, Wright CM. Physical and emotional development, appetite and body image in adolescents who failed to thrive as infants. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2006; 47:524-31. [PMID: 16671935 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01529.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies suggest that failure to thrive in infancy may be associated with adverse sequelae in childhood. Although cognitive abilities have been extensively investigated, little systematic research is available on other aspects of development. METHODS Eighty-nine children who failed to thrive as infants and 91 controls were followed up when twelve years old and examined using anthropometric measurement, self-ratings of appetite and body image, the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire, the Self-perception Profile for Children, The Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale, the parent and child form of the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire and the parent and teacher's form of the Child Behavior Checklist. RESULTS The children who failed to thrive were significantly shorter and lighter at twelve and had significantly lower BMIs, but they did not go into puberty any later. They were more likely to rate their appetite as lower than their best friend's, were generally more satisfied with their body shape, and had significantly lower restraint score on the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire. They were not significantly different from controls on any of the measures reflecting anxiety, depression or low self-esteem. CONCLUSIONS Failure to thrive in infancy is not associated with adverse emotional development in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Drewett
- Department of Psychology, University of Durham, UK.
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