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Barron E, Sharp SJ, Khunti K, Bakhai C, Wareham NJ, Valabhji J. Prediabetes, participation in the English National Health Service Diabetes Prevention Programme, and associations with COVID-19-related mortality: A whole population study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2024; 212:111692. [PMID: 38723673 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To assess the effects of non-diabetic hyperglycaemia (NDH, also known as pre-diabetes), including the impact of the NHS Diabetes Prevention Programme (NHS DPP), on COVID-19-related mortality during the pandemic. METHODS This study included all 61,438,225 individuals registered with General Practices in England and alive on 1st March 2020. We assessed COVID-19-related mortality in the 2,290,280(3.7 %) individuals with diagnosed NDH between March 2020 and February 2022 compared to those without diagnosed NDH or diabetes using Cox regression to adjust for demographic factors and cardiovascular comorbidities. Individuals with diagnosed NDH were further sub-categorised based on their contact with the NHS DPP (N = 376,590). Analyses were stratified by age (years) (<50, 50-69 and ≥ 70). RESULTS There were 158,070 COVID-19 deaths; 17,280(11 %) for people with diagnosed NDH. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) was 0.95(0.93-0.96),p < 0.001 for those with diagnosed NDH compared to those without diagnosed diabetes or NDH. By age (years), HRs were, 2.53(2.23-2.88),p < 0.001 for < 50, 1.29(1.24-1.35),p < 0.001 for 50-69 and 0.87(0.85-0.89),p < 0.001 for ≥ 70. NHS DPP attendance was associated with lower COVID-19 mortality with a dose-response relationship with engagement. CONCLUSIONS Younger people with diagnosed NDH were at higher relative risk of COVID-19 mortality. Attendance at the NHS DPP was associated with significantly lower COVID-19-related mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Barron
- NHS England, Wellington House, 122-135 Waterloo Road, London SE1 8UG, UK; Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London; Chelsea and Westminster hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - Stephen J Sharp
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kamlesh Khunti
- Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Chirag Bakhai
- NHS England, Wellington House, 122-135 Waterloo Road, London SE1 8UG, UK
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jonathan Valabhji
- NHS England, Wellington House, 122-135 Waterloo Road, London SE1 8UG, UK; Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London; Chelsea and Westminster hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Bello-Chavolla OY, Fermín-Martínez CA, Ramírez-García D, Vargas-Vázquez A, Fernández-Chirino L, Basile-Alvarez MR, Sánchez-Castro P, Núñez-Luna A, Antonio-Villa NE. Prevalence and determinants of post-acute sequelae after SARS-CoV-2 infection (Long COVID) among adults in Mexico during 2022: a retrospective analysis of nationally representative data. LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. AMERICAS 2024; 30:100688. [PMID: 38327277 PMCID: PMC10847769 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2024.100688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Background Post-acute sequelae after SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) remains a concerning long-term complication of COVID-19. Here, we aimed to characterize the epidemiology of PASC in Mexico during 2022 and identify potential associations of covariates with PASC prevalence using nationally representative data. Methods We analyzed data from the 2022 Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT) from 24,434 participants, representing 85,521,661 adults ≥20 years. PASC was defined using both the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) definition and a PASC score ≥12. Estimates of PASC prevalence were stratified by age, sex, rural vs. urban setting, social lag quartiles, number of reinfections, vaccination status and periods of predominance of SARS-CoV-2 circulating variants. Determinants of PASC were assessed using log-binomial regression models adjusted by survey weights. Findings Persistent symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection were reported by 12.44% (95% CI 11.89-12.99) of adults ≥20 years in Mexico in 2022. The most common persistent symptoms were fatigue, musculoskeletal pain, headache, cough, loss of smell or taste, fever, post-exertional malaise, brain fog, anxiety, and chest pain. PASC was present in 21.21% (95% CI 19.74-22.68) of subjects with previously diagnosed COVID-19. Over 28.6% of patients with PASC reported symptoms persistence ≥6 months and 14.05% reported incapacitating symptoms. Higher PASC prevalence was associated with SARS-CoV-2 reinfections, depressive symptoms and living in states with high social lag. PASC prevalence, particularly its more severe forms, decreased with COVID-19 vaccination and for infections during periods of Omicron variant predominance. Interpretation PASC remains a significant public health burden in Mexico as the COVID-19 pandemic transitions into endemic. Promoting SARS-CoV-2 reinfection prevention and booster vaccination may be useful in reducing PASC burden. Funding This research was supported by Instituto Nacional de Geriatría in Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos A. Fermín-Martínez
- Research Division, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Mexico City, Mexico
- MD/PhD (PECEM) Program, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Daniel Ramírez-García
- Research Division, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Mexico City, Mexico
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Martín Roberto Basile-Alvarez
- Research Division, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Mexico City, Mexico
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Paulina Sánchez-Castro
- Research Division, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Mexico City, Mexico
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Núñez-Luna
- Research Division, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Mexico City, Mexico
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Kim SH, Arora I, Hsia DS, Knowler WC, LeBlanc E, Mylonakis E, Pratley R, Pittas AG. New-Onset Diabetes After COVID-19. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:e1164-e1174. [PMID: 37207448 PMCID: PMC11009784 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
There is evidence suggesting that infection with SARS-CoV-2 can lead to several long-term sequelae including diabetes. This mini-review examines the rapidly evolving and conflicting literature on new-onset diabetes after COVID-19, which we term NODAC. We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, and medRxiv from inception until December 1, 2022, using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms and free text words including "COVID-19," "SARS-CoV-2," "diabetes," "hyperglycemia," "insulin resistance," and "pancreatic β-cell." We also supplemented searches by examining reference lists from retrieved articles. Current evidence suggests that COVID-19 increases the risk of developing diabetes, but the attributable risk is uncertain because of limitations of study designs and the evolving nature of the pandemic, including new variants, widespread population exposure to the virus, diagnostic options for COVID-19, and vaccination status. The etiology of diabetes after COVID-19 is likely multifactorial and includes factors associated with host characteristics (eg, age), social determinants of health (eg, deprivation index), and pandemic-related effects both at the personal (eg, psychosocial stress) and the societal-community level (eg, containment measures). COVID-19 may have direct and indirect effects on pancreatic β-cell function and insulin sensitivity related to the acute infection and its treatment (eg, glucocorticoids); autoimmunity; persistent viral residency in multiple organs including adipose tissue; endothelial dysfunction; and hyperinflammatory state. While our understanding of NODAC continues to evolve, consideration should be given for diabetes to be classified as a post-COVID syndrome, in addition to traditional classifications of diabetes (eg, type 1 or type 2), so that the pathophysiology, natural history, and optimal management can be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun H Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ipsa Arora
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Daniel S Hsia
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - William C Knowler
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA
| | - Erin LeBlanc
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Portland, OR 97227, USA
| | | | - Richard Pratley
- AdventHealth Translational Research Institute, Orlando, FL 32804, USA
| | - Anastassios G Pittas
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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HASHEMI SH, SAKI F, BORZOUEI S, BAWAND R, SOLTANIAN A. Comprehensive comparison of clinicoradiological, laboratory, and prognostic factors of community-acquired pneumonia in diabetic and nondiabetic hospitalized patients. Turk J Med Sci 2023; 53:1776-1785. [PMID: 38813518 PMCID: PMC10760569 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0144.5747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/aim Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is one of the leading infectious causes of mortality, and diabetes mellitus is a globally prevalent disease. Consequently, the cooccurrence of these two disorders can be common and create challenging medical conditions. Therefore, it was aimed to compare the various aspects of CAP in diabetic and nondiabetic patients, in order to have a comprehensive and comparative picture of the differences. Materials and methods In this cross-sectional study, CAP patients with and without diabetes were assessed for clinicoradiological signs, laboratory features, disease severity, and pneumonia outcomes. Results Analyzed herein were 172 CAP patients (77 had diabetes and 95 were nondiabetic). Clinical and radiological signs of pneumonia were mostly similar between the groups, except for purulent sputum, which was more prevalent among the nondiabetic patients. The laboratory results were also mostly similar. However, analysis of the outcomes and prognosis showed different results. The diabetic patients had a longer mean duration of hospital stay (8.52 days vs. 7.93 days, p = 0.015), higher median pneumonia severity based on the CURB-65 criteria (3 vs. 2, p = 0.016), and higher intensive care unit (ICU) admission requirement (22.1% vs. 7.3%, p = 0.004). Moreover, the mortality rate for the diabetic patients was nonsignificantly higher (16.8% vs. 15.7%, p = 0.453). Furthermore, the results of the logistic regression analysis showed that the diabetic patients had significantly higher odds of experiencing more severe forms of pneumonia (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 5.77, 95% CI: 2.52-13.20), requiring ICU hospitalization (AOR: 3.56, 95% CI: 1.39-9.11), and having a longer hospital stay (AOR: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.09-3.71). In addition, although there was no significant relationship between the severity of pneumonia and the amount of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in the diabetic patients (p = 0.940), the higher level of HbA1c in the nondiabetic patients was significantly correlated with a higher severity of pneumonia (p = 0.002). Conclusion While diabetic patients with CAP have the same clinicoradiological and laboratory features as nondiabetic patients, the presence of diabetes can significantly worsen the outcomes and prognosis of pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Hamid HASHEMI
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan,
Iran
| | - Fatemeh SAKI
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan,
Iran
| | - Shiva BORZOUEI
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan,
Iran
| | - Rashed BAWAND
- Department of General Medicine, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan,
Iran
| | - Alireza SOLTANIAN
- Department of Biostatics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan,
Iran
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Masuda S, Yamada T, Hanzawa N. Impact of prediabetes with a high risk of diabetes stratified by glycated hemoglobin level on the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 during admission. Diabetol Int 2023; 14:372-380. [PMID: 37781471 PMCID: PMC10533434 DOI: 10.1007/s13340-023-00643-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Objective Prediabetes with a glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level of 5.7 - 6.4% is associated with a poor prognosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but whether the degree of glycemic control is associated with COVID-19 severity is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the degree of glycemic control and COVID-19 severity in patients with prediabetes. Materials and methods We reviewed 254 patients with COVID-19 admitted to our hospital between April 2020 and September 2021. Based on their HbA1c level, patients were classified into low (HbA1c level < 5.7%), moderate (HbA1c level, 5.7 - 5.9%), and high risk of diabetes (HbA1c level, 6.0 - 6.4%). The association between risk of diabetes and the worst COVID-19 symptom in terms of severity during admission was evaluated using binary logistic regression analysis. Results Seventy-one and 88 patients had moderate and high risks of diabetes, respectively. Sixty-three and seven patients presented severe (requiring non-invasive oxygen therapy) or critical (intensive care unit admission or artificial respiratory management) COVID-19. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a high risk of diabetes was correlated with severe COVID-19 (P = 0.01) after adjusting for baseline characteristics, whereas a moderate risk of diabetes was not (P = 0.17). Conclusion Prediabetes with a high risk of diabetes is associated with the worst COVID-19 symptom in terms of severity during admission. Our findings could aid in more efficient allocation of healthcare resources to a narrower population of prediabetic patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13340-023-00643-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seizaburo Masuda
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, National Hospital Organization Disaster Medical Center of Japan, 3256, Midoricho, Tachikawa-shi, Tokyo 190-0014 Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yamada
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510 Japan
| | - Nozomi Hanzawa
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, National Hospital Organization Disaster Medical Center of Japan, 3256, Midoricho, Tachikawa-shi, Tokyo 190-0014 Japan
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Wu Y, He L, Guo Y, Wang N. Risk Factors and Drug Efficacy for Severe Illness in Hemodialysis Patients Infected with the Omicron Variant of COVID-19. Kidney Blood Press Res 2023; 48:642-651. [PMID: 37751729 PMCID: PMC10614566 DOI: 10.1159/000534192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Omicron variant of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has been spreading more rapidly and is more infectious, posing a higher risk of death and treatment difficulty for patients undergoing hemodialysis. This study aims to explore the severity rate and risk factors for hemodialysis patients infected with the Omicron variant and to conduct a preliminary analysis of the clinical efficacy of drugs. METHODS Clinical and biochemical indicators of 219 hemodialysis patients infected with the Omicron variant were statistically analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups based on whether they were severely ill or not, and multiple regression analysis was conducted to determine the risk factors for severe illness. The severely ill patients were then grouped based on discharge or death, and the treatment drugs were included as influencing factors for multiple regression analysis to determine the risk factors and protective factors for death of severely ill patients, and drug efficacy analysis was conducted. RESULTS Analysis showed that diabetes, low oxygen saturation, and high C-reactive protein (CRP) were independent risk factors for severe illness in hemodialysis patients infected with the Omicron variant. A history of diabetes and high C-reactive significantly increased the risk of severe illness in patients (aOR: 1.450; aOR: 1.011), while a high oxygen saturation level can reduce this risk (aOR: 0.871). In addition, respiratory distress was an independent risk factor for death in severely patients, significantly reducing the probability of discharge for patients (aOR: 0.152). The drugs thymalfasin and Tanreqing significantly increased the probability of discharge for patients (aOR: 1.472; aOR: 3.104), with the latter having a higher correlation, but with a relatively longer effective course. CONCLUSION Hemodialysis patients infected with the Omicron variant of COVID-19 should pay special attention to their history of diabetes, CRP, and oxygen saturation levels, as well as respiratory distress symptoms, to reduce the risk of severe illness and death. In addition, thymalfasin and Tanreqing may be considered in treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,
| | - Lingling He
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongping Guo
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Niansong Wang
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Huang YT, Steptoe A, Patel RS, Fuller Thomson E, Cadar D. The Impact of Long-Term Conditions and Comorbidity Patterns on COVID-19 Infection and Hospitalisation: A Cohort Study. Gerontology 2023; 69:1200-1210. [PMID: 37696249 PMCID: PMC10614230 DOI: 10.1159/000531848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Older adults are more vulnerable to COVID-19 infections; however, little is known about which comorbidity patterns are related to a higher risk of COVID-19 infection. This study investigated the role of long-term conditions or comorbidity patterns on COVID-19 infection and related hospitalisations. METHODS This study included 4,428 individuals from Waves 8 (2016-2017) and 9 (2018-2019) of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) who also participated in the ELSA COVID-19 Substudy in 2020. Comorbidity patterns were identified using an agglomerative hierarchical clustering method. The relationships between comorbidity patterns or long-term conditions and COVID-19-related outcomes were examined using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS Among a representative sample of community-dwelling older adults in England, those with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and complex comorbidities had an almost double risk of COVID-19 infection (OR = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.42-2.46) but not of COVID-19-related hospitalisation. A similar pattern was observed for the heterogeneous comorbidities cluster (OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.24-1.96). The individual investigations of long-term conditions with COVID-19 infection highlighted primary associations with CVD (OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.23-1.74), lung diseases (OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.17-1.69), psychiatric conditions (OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.16-1.68), retinopathy/eye diseases (OR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.18-1.64), and arthritis (OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.09-1.48). In contrast, metabolic disorders and diagnosed diabetes were not associated with any COVID-19 outcomes. CONCLUSION This study provides novel insights into the comorbidity patterns that are more vulnerable to COVID-19 infections and hospitalisations, highlighting the vulnerability of those with CVD and other complex comorbidities. These findings facilitate crucial new evidence that should be considered for appropriate screening measures and tailored interventions for older adults in the ongoing global outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ting Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
- Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew Steptoe
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Riyaz S. Patel
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- London Biomedical Research Centre, NIHR University College London, London, UK
- London and University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- UCL BHF Research Accelerator, University College London, London, UK
| | - Esme Fuller Thomson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute for Life Course and Aging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dorina Cadar
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
- Centre for Dementia Studies, Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Sussex, Brighton, UK
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Sussex, Brighton, UK
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Schlesinger S, Lang A, Christodoulou N, Linnerz P, Pafili K, Kuss O, Herder C, Neuenschwander M, Barbaresko J, Roden M. Risk phenotypes of diabetes and association with COVID-19 severity and death: an update of a living systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetologia 2023; 66:1395-1412. [PMID: 37204441 PMCID: PMC10198038 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-05928-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS To provide a systematic overview of the current body of evidence on high-risk phenotypes of diabetes associated with COVID-19 severity and death. METHODS This is the first update of our recently published living systematic review and meta-analysis. Observational studies investigating phenotypes in individuals with diabetes and confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection with regard to COVID-19-related death and severity were included. The literature search was conducted from inception up to 14 February 2022 in PubMed, Epistemonikos, Web of Science and the COVID-19 Research Database and updated using PubMed alert to 1 December 2022. A random-effects meta-analysis was used to calculate summary relative risks (SRRs) with 95% CIs. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Quality in Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool and the certainty of evidence using the GRADE approach. RESULTS A total of 169 articles (147 new studies) based on approximately 900,000 individuals were included. We conducted 177 meta-analyses (83 on COVID-19-related death and 94 on COVID-19 severity). Certainty of evidence was strengthened for associations between male sex, older age, blood glucose level at admission, chronic insulin use, chronic metformin use (inversely) and pre-existing comorbidities (CVD, chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) and COVID-19-related death. New evidence with moderate to high certainty emerged for the association between obesity (SRR [95% CI] 1.18 [1.04, 1.34], n=21 studies), HbA1c (53-75 mmol/mol [7-9%]: 1.18 [1.06, 1.32], n=8), chronic glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist use (0.83 [0.71, 0.97], n=9), pre-existing heart failure (1.33 [1.21, 1.47], n=14), pre-existing liver disease (1.40 [1.17, 1.67], n=6), the Charlson index (per 1 unit increase: 1.33 [1.13, 1.57], n=2), high levels of C-reactive protein (per 5 mg/l increase: 1.07 [1.02, 1.12], n=10), aspartate aminotransferase level (per 5 U/l increase: 1.28 [1.06, 1.54], n=5), eGFR (per 10 ml/min per 1.73 m2 increase: 0.80 [0.71, 0.90], n=6), lactate dehydrogenase level (per 10 U/l increase: 1.03 [1.01, 1.04], n=7) and lymphocyte count (per 1×109/l increase: 0.59 [0.40, 0.86], n=6) and COVID-19-related death. Similar associations were observed between risk phenotypes of diabetes and severity of COVID-19, with some new evidence on existing COVID-19 vaccination status (0.32 [0.26, 0.38], n=3), pre-existing hypertension (1.23 [1.14, 1.33], n=49), neuropathy and cancer, and high IL-6 levels. A limitation of this study is that the included studies are observational in nature and residual or unmeasured confounding cannot be ruled out. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Individuals with a more severe course of diabetes and pre-existing comorbidities had a poorer prognosis of COVID-19 than individuals with a milder course of the disease. REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42020193692. PREVIOUS VERSION This is a living systematic review and meta-analysis. The previous version can be found at https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00125-021-05458-8 FUNDING: The German Diabetes Center (DDZ) is funded by the German Federal Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Culture and Science of the State North Rhine-Westphalia. This study was supported in part by a grant from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research to the German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Schlesinger
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Alexander Lang
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nikoletta Christodoulou
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Philipp Linnerz
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kalliopi Pafili
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Oliver Kuss
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Centre for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Herder
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Manuela Neuenschwander
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Janett Barbaresko
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Roham PH, Kamath JJ, Sharma S. Dissecting the Interrelationship between COVID-19 and Diabetes Mellitus. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2300107. [PMID: 37246237 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 disease, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has led to enormous morbidity and mortality worldwide. After gaining entry into the human host, the virus initially infects the upper and lower respiratory tract, subsequently invading multiple organs, including the pancreas. While on one hand, diabetes mellitus (DM) is a significant risk factor for severe COVID-19 infection and associated death, recent reports have shown the onset of DM in COVID-19-recovered patients. SARS-CoV-2 infiltrates the pancreatic islets and activates stress response and inflammatory signaling pathways, impairs glucose metabolism, and consequently leads to their death. Indeed, the pancreatic autopsy samples of COVID-19 patients reveal the presence of SARS-CoV-2 particles in β-cells. The current review describes how the virus enters the host cells and activates an immunological response. Further, it takes a closer look into the interrelationship between COVID-19 and DM with the aim to provide mechanistic insights into the process by which SARS-CoV-2 infects the pancreas and mediates dysfunction and death of endocrine islets. The effects of known anti-diabetic interventions for COVID-19 management are also discussed. The application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a future therapy for pancreatic β-cells damage to reverse COVID-19-induced DM is also emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratiksha H Roham
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Jayesh J Kamath
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Shilpy Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
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Grubišić B, Švitek L, Ormanac K, Sabo D, Mihaljević I, Bilić-Ćurčić I, Omanović Kolarić T. Molecular Mechanisms Responsible for Diabetogenic Effects of COVID-19 Infection-Induction of Autoimmune Dysregulation and Metabolic Disturbances. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11576. [PMID: 37511334 PMCID: PMC10380525 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed a significant association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and diabetes, whereby individuals with diabetes are more susceptible to severe disease and higher mortality rates. Interestingly, recent findings suggest a reciprocal relationship between COVID-19 and diabetes, wherein COVID-19 may contribute to developing new-onset diabetes and worsen existing metabolic abnormalities. This narrative review aims to shed light on the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying the diabetogenic effects of COVID-19. Specifically, the review explores the potential role of various factors, including direct damage to β-cells, insulin resistance triggered by systemic inflammation, and disturbances in hormonal regulation, aiming to enhance our understanding of the COVID-19 impact on the development and progression of diabetes. By analysing these mechanisms, the aim is to enhance our understanding of the impact of COVID-19 on the development and progression of diabetes. The binding of SARS-CoV-2 to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors, which are present in key metabolic organs and tissues, may interfere with glucometabolic pathways, leading to hyperglycaemia, and potentially contribute to the development of new disease mechanisms. The virus's impact on β-cells through direct invasion or systemic inflammation may induce insulin resistance and disrupt glucose homeostasis. Furthermore, glucocorticoids, commonly used to treat COVID-19, may exacerbate hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance, potentially contributing to new-onset diabetes. The long-term effects of COVID-19 on glucose metabolism are still unknown, necessitating further research into the possibility of developing a novel type of diabetes. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of the interaction between COVID-19 and diabetes, highlighting potential areas for future research and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Grubišić
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Centre Osijek, 4 Josip Huttler Street, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 4 Josip Huttler Street, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Luka Švitek
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Centre Osijek, 4 Josip Huttler Street, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 4 Josip Huttler Street, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Klara Ormanac
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 4 Josip Huttler Street, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Dea Sabo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 4 Josip Huttler Street, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ivica Mihaljević
- Clinical Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Protection, University Hospital Centre Osijek, 4 Josip Huttler Street, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department for Nuclear Medicine and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 4 Josip Huttler Street, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Academy of Medical Sciences of Croatia, 15 Kaptol Street, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ines Bilić-Ćurčić
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 4 Josip Huttler Street, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Disorders, Internal Medicine Clinic, University Hospital Centre Osijek, 4 Josip Huttler Street, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Tea Omanović Kolarić
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 4 Josip Huttler Street, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, University of Osijek, 21 Crkvena Street, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
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Huang YT, Steptoe A, Patel RS, Thomson EF, Cadar D. The impact of long-term conditions and comorbidity patterns on COVID-19 infection and hospitalisation: a cohort study. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.04.25.23289035. [PMID: 37162831 PMCID: PMC10168488 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.25.23289035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Older adults are usually more vulnerable to COVID-19 infections; however, little is known about which comorbidity patterns are related to a higher probability of COVID-19 infection. This study investigated the role of long-term conditions or comorbidity patterns on COVID-19 infection and related hospitalisations. Methods This study included 4,428 individuals from Waves 8 (2016-2017) and 9 (2018-2019) of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), who also participated in the ELSA COVID-19 Substudy in 2020. Comorbidity patterns of chronic conditions were identified using an agglomerative hierarchical clustering method. The relationships between comorbidity patterns or long-term conditions and COVID-19 related outcomes were examined using multivariable logistic regression. Results Among a representative sample of community-dwelling older adults in England, those with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and complex comorbidities had an almost double risk of COVID-19 infection (OR=1.87, 95% CI=1.42-2.46) but not of COVID-19 related hospitalisation. A similar pattern was observed for the heterogeneous comorbidities cluster (OR=1.56, 95% CI=1.24-1.96). The individual investigations of long-term conditions with COVID-19 infection highlighted primary associations with CVD (OR=1.46, 95% CI=1.23-1.74), lung diseases (OR=1.40, 95% CI=1.17-1.69), psychiatric conditions (OR=1.40, 95% CI=1.16-1.68), retinopathy/eye diseases (OR=1.39, 95% CI=1.18-1.64), and arthritis (OR=1.27, 95% CI=1.09-1.48). In contrast, metabolic disorders and diagnosed diabetes were not associated with any COVID-19 outcomes. Discussion/Conclusion This study provides novel insights into the comorbidity patterns that are more vulnerable to COVID-19 infections and highlights the importance of CVD and complex comorbidities.These findings facilitate crucial new evidence for appropriate screening measures and tailored interventions for older adults in the ongoing global outbreak.
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Uchihara M, Sugiyama T, Bouchi R, Matsunaga N, Asai Y, Gatanaga H, Ohsugi M, Ohmagari N, Kajio H, Ueki K. Association of acute-to-chronic glycemic ratio and outcomes in patients with COVID-19 and undiagnosed diabetes mellitus: A retrospective nationwide cohort study. J Diabetes Investig 2023; 14:623-629. [PMID: 36708095 PMCID: PMC10034955 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION To assess the association of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus and its acute-to-chronic glycemic ratio with clinical outcome in patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) using a large-scale nationwide registry in Japan. MATERIALS AND METHODS Overall, 4,747 patients were included between July 2021 and January 2022. We evaluated blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels at admission, and calculated the acute-to-chronic glycemic ratio for each non-diabetes mellitus, undiagnosed diabetes mellitus and pre-existing diabetes mellitus group. The primary composite outcome comprised in-hospital mortality, invasive mechanical ventilation, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support, intensive care unit admission and transfer to a more advanced medical facility. RESULTS Compared with the non-diabetes mellitus group, the undiagnosed diabetes mellitus group was significantly associated with a worse COVID-19 outcome (odds ratio 2.18, 95% confidence interval 1.50-3.18). In patients with undiagnosed diabetes mellitus, the 3rd tertile of the acute-to-chronic glycemic ratio was linked with a worse COVID-19 outcome compared with the 1st tertile (odds ratio 3.33, 95% confidence interval 1.43-7.77), whereas glycated hemoglobin levels were not; among patients with pre-existing diabetes mellitus, glycated hemoglobin levels were linked with a worse outcome. CONCLUSIONS Among patients with undiagnosed diabetes mellitus with COVID-19, the magnitude of elevation of blood glucose from chronic to acute levels is associated with worse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Uchihara
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Toyama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takehiro Sugiyama
- Diabetes and Metabolism Information Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Toyama, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute for Global Health Policy, Bureau of International Health Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Toyama, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Health Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Bouchi
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Toyama, Tokyo, Japan
- Diabetes and Metabolism Information Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Toyama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Matsunaga
- AMR Clinical Reference Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Asai
- AMR Clinical Reference Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Gatanaga
- AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Ohsugi
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Toyama, Tokyo, Japan
- Diabetes and Metabolism Information Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Toyama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norio Ohmagari
- AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kajio
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Toyama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohjiro Ueki
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Toyama, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Molecular Diabetic Medicine, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Toyama, Tokyo, Japan
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Bello-Chavolla OY, Antonio-Villa NE, Valdés-Ferrer SI, Fermín-Martínez CA, Fernández-Chirino L, Vargas-Vázquez A, Ramírez-García D, Mancilla-Galindo J, Kammar-García A, Ávila-Funes JA, Zúñiga-Gil CH, García-Grimshaw M, Ceballos-Liceaga SE, Carbajal-Sandoval G, Montes-González JA, Zaragoza-Jiménez CA, García-Rodríguez G, Cortés-Alcalá R, Reyes-Terán G, López-Gatell H, Gutiérrez-Robledo LM. Effectiveness of a nationwide COVID-19 vaccination program in Mexico against symptomatic COVID-19, hospitalizations, and death: a retrospective analysis of national surveillance data. Int J Infect Dis 2023; 129:188-196. [PMID: 36775188 PMCID: PMC9918316 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2023.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vaccination has been effective in ameliorating the impact of COVID-19. Here, we report vaccine effectiveness (VE) of the nationally available COVID-19 vaccines in Mexico. METHODS Retrospective analysis of a COVID-19 surveillance system to assess the VE of the BNT162b2, messenger RNA (mRNA)-12732, Gam-COVID-Vac, Ad5-nCoV, Ad26.COV2.S, ChAdOx1, and CoronaVac vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 hospitalization, and death in Mexico. The VE was estimated using time-varying Cox proportional hazard models in vaccinated and unvaccinated adults, adjusted for age, sex, and comorbidities. VE was also estimated for adults with diabetes, aged ≥60 years, and comparing the predominance of SARS-CoV-2 variants B.1.1.519 and B.1.617.2. RESULTS We assessed 793,487 vaccinated and 4,792,338 unvaccinated adults between December 24, 2020 and September 27, 2021. The VE against SARS-CoV-2 infection was the highest for fully vaccinated individuals with mRNA-12732 (91.5%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 90.3-92.4) and Ad26.COV2.S (82.2%, 95% CI 81.4-82.9); for COVID-19 hospitalization, BNT162b2 (84.3%, 95% CI 83.6-84.9) and Gam-COVID-Vac (81.4% 95% CI 79.5-83.1), and for mortality, BNT162b2 (89.8%, 95% CI 89.2-90.2) and mRNA-12732 (93.5%, 95% CI 86.0-97.0). The VE decreased for all vaccines in adults aged ≥60 years, people with diabetes, and periods of Delta variant predominance. CONCLUSION All the vaccines implemented in Mexico were effective against SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 hospitalization, and death. Mass vaccination with multiple vaccines is useful to maximize vaccination coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neftali Eduardo Antonio-Villa
- Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Mexico City, Mexico; MD/PhD (PECEM) Program, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sergio Iván Valdés-Ferrer
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos A Fermín-Martínez
- Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Mexico City, Mexico; MD/PhD (PECEM) Program, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luisa Fernández-Chirino
- Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Mexico City, Mexico; Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Arsenio Vargas-Vázquez
- MD/PhD (PECEM) Program, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Daniel Ramírez-García
- Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Mexico City, Mexico; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Ashuin Kammar-García
- Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Miguel García-Grimshaw
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ricardo Cortés-Alcalá
- Dirección General de Promoción de la Salud, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Reyes-Terán
- Comisión Coordinadora de Institutos Nacionales de Salud y Hospitales de Alta Especialidad, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Hugo López-Gatell
- Subsecretaría de Prevención y Promoción de la Salud, Secretaría de Salud Direccion General de Epidemiologia, SecretarIa de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
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Van Baal L, Reinold J, Benson S, Diehl A, Witzke O, Fuehrer D, Tan S. Implications of an HbA1c-based Diabetes Screening on Prevalence and Effect of Dysglycemia in Patients With COVID-19. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:697-705. [PMID: 36221157 PMCID: PMC9620726 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT In patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 infection, diabetes is associated with poor COVID-19 prognosis. However, case detection strategy is divergent and reported prevalence varies from 5% to 35%. OBJECTIVE We examined how far the choice of screening tools affects the detection rate of dysglycemia and in consequence the estimation of diagnosis-associated risk for moderate (mo) or severe (s) COVID-19. METHODS Non-intensive care unit inpatients with COVID-19 were screened systematically at admission for diabetes (D) and prediabetes (PreD) by glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (A), random blood glucose (B), and known history (C) from November 1, 2020 to March 8, 2021. Dysglycemia rate and effect on COVID-19 outcome were analyzed in 2 screening strategies (ABC vs BC). RESULTS A total of 578 of 601 (96.2%) of admitted patients were screened and analyzed. In ABC, prevalence of D and PreD was 38.2% and 37.5%, respectively. D was significantly associated with an increased risk for more severe COVID-19 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] [moCOVID-19]: 2.27, 95% CI, 1.16-4.46 and aOR [sCOVID-19]: 3.26, 95% CI, 1.56-6.38). Patients with PreD also presented more often with more severe COVID-19 than those with normoglycemia (aOR [moCOVID-19]: 1.76, 95% CI, 1.04-2.97 and aOR [sCOVID-19]: 2.41, 95% CI, 1.37-4.23). Screening with BC failed to identify only 96% of PreD (206/217) and 26.2% of D diagnosis (58/221) and missed associations of dysglycemia and COVID-19 severity. CONCLUSION Pandemic conditions may hamper dysglycemia detection rate and in consequence the awareness of individual patient risk for COVID-19 severity. A systematic diabetes screening including HbA1c reduces underdiagnosis of previously unknown or new-onset dysglycemia, and enhances the quality of risk estimation and access of patients at risk to a diabetes-specific intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sven Benson
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, Institute of Medical Education, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Science, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Anke Diehl
- Department for Digital Transformation, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Oliver Witzke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, West German Center of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Dagmar Fuehrer
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45721 Essen, Germany
| | - Susanne Tan
- Correspondence: Susanne Tan, PhD, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45721 Essen, Germany.
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Otsubo N, Fukuda T, Beppu H, Maki C, Yasui F, Hanawa T, Sugita C, Murakami M, Yamada T, Kohara M, Wakai S. Reduced antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 patients with newly diagnosed diabetes: a retrospective observational study. BMC Endocr Disord 2023; 23:5. [PMID: 36604681 PMCID: PMC9816526 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-023-01263-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has dramatically impacted global health, and patients with type 2 diabetes have been identified as a high-risk group for COVID-19 infection and the development of severe disease. In response, this study aimed to evaluate whether patients with type 2 diabetes infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) could develop antibody responses in the same manner as patients without diabetes, and whether there is a difference in antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 between patients with diabetes diagnosed prior to hospitalization, and those with newly diagnosed diabetes. METHODS SARS-CoV-2-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels were quantified using two iFlash 3000 Chemiluminescence Immunoassay analyzer kits (Shenzhen YHLO Biotech Co., Ltd.) to detect IgG antibodies specific for nucleocapsid protein (IgG-N), and specific for the S1 subunit of the spike protein (IgG-S1). In 124 hospitalized patients with COVID-19, 40 patients with type 2 diabetes were matched to 40 patients without diabetes using propensity score matching (PSM). RESULTS There was no difference in IgG-N and IgG-S1 levels between the patients with diabetes and those without. Of patients with diabetes, 31 patients had known diabetes and nine patients had newly diagnosed diabetes. The median levels of IgG-N at 7-13 days in patients with newly diagnosed diabetes were significantly lower than those in patients with known diabetes (IgG-N; 10.9 vs. 31.0 AU/mL, p = 0.031, IgG-S1; 7.5 vs. 24.4 AU/mL, p = 0.023). CONCLUSIONS Even after adjusting for covariates using PSM, COVID-19 patients with type 2 diabetes had comparable antibody responses to patients without diabetes. Patients with newly diagnosed diabetes had lower IgG-N and IgG-S1 production in the second week of the disease compared with those with previously known diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Otsubo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Hospitals Corporation Okubo Hospital, 2-44-1 Kabuki-Cho, Shinjyuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8488 Japan
| | - Tatsuya Fukuda
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Hospitals Corporation Okubo Hospital, 2-44-1 Kabuki-Cho, Shinjyuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8488 Japan
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Beppu
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Hospitals Corporation Okubo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chisato Maki
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Hospitals Corporation Okubo Hospital, 2-44-1 Kabuki-Cho, Shinjyuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8488 Japan
| | - Fumihiko Yasui
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohide Hanawa
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Hospitals Corporation Okubo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chise Sugita
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Hospitals Corporation Okubo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanori Murakami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yamada
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michinori Kohara
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachiko Wakai
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Hospitals Corporation Okubo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Fukushima T, Chubachi S, Namkoong H, Asakura T, Tanaka H, Lee H, Azekawa S, Okada Y, Koike R, Kimura A, Imoto S, Miyano S, Ogawa S, Kanai T, Fukunaga K. Clinical significance of prediabetes, undiagnosed diabetes and diagnosed diabetes on critical outcomes in COVID-19: Integrative analysis from the Japan COVID-19 task force. Diabetes Obes Metab 2023; 25:144-155. [PMID: 36056760 PMCID: PMC9538969 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a known risk factor for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but the clinical impact of undiagnosed diabetes and prediabetes in COVID-19 are unclear particularly in Japan. We clarify the difference in clinical characteristics, including age, sex, body mass index and co-morbidities, laboratory findings and critical outcomes, in a large Japanese COVID-19 cohort without diabetes, with prediabetes, undiagnosed diabetes and diagnosed diabetes, and to identify associated risk factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS This multicentre, retrospective cohort study used the Japan COVID-19 Task Force database, which included data on 2430 hospitalized COVID-19 patients from over 70 hospitals from February 2020 to October 2021. The prevalence of prediabetes, undiagnosed diabetes and diagnosed diabetes were estimated based on HbA1c levels or a clinical diabetes history. Critical outcomes were defined as the use of high-flow oxygen, invasive positive-pressure ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, or death during hospitalization. RESULTS Prediabetes, undiagnosed diabetes and diagnosed diabetes were observed in 40.9%, 10.0% and 23.0%, respectively. Similar to diagnosed diabetes, prediabetes and undiagnosed diabetes were risk factors for critical COVID-19 outcomes (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] [95% CI]: 2.13 [1.31-3.48] and 4.00 [2.19-7.28], respectively). HbA1c was associated with COVID-19 severity in prediabetes patients (aOR [95% CI]: 11.2 [3.49-36.3]), but not other groups. CONCLUSIONS We documented the clinical characteristics and outcomes of Japanese COVID-19 patients according to HbA1c levels or diabetes co-morbidity. As well as undiagnosed and diagnosed diabetes, physicians should be aware of prediabetes related to COVID-19 severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Fukushima
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of MedicineKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Shotaro Chubachi
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of MedicineKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Ho Namkoong
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of MedicineKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
- Department of Infectious DiseasesKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Takanori Asakura
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of MedicineKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
- Department of Clinical Medicine (Laboratory of Bioregulatory Medicine)Kitasato University School of PharmacyTokyoJapan
- Department of Respiratory MedicineKitasato University Kitasato Institute HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Hiromu Tanaka
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of MedicineKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Ho Lee
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of MedicineKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Shuhei Azekawa
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of MedicineKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Yukinori Okada
- Department of Statistical GeneticsOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
- Department of Genome InformaticsGraduate School of Medicine, The University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Laboratory for Systems GeneticsRIKEN Center for Integrative Medical SciencesYokohamaJapan
| | - Ryuji Koike
- Medical Innovation Promotion CenterTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Akinori Kimura
- Institute of ResearchTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Seiya Imoto
- Division of Health Medical IntelligenceHuman Genome Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Satoru Miyano
- M&D Data Science CenterTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Seishi Ogawa
- Department of Pathology and Tumor BiologyInstitute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI‐ASHBi), Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Department of Medicine, Center for Hematology and Regenerative MedicineKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Takanori Kanai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of MedicineKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Koichi Fukunaga
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of MedicineKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
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17
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Bello-Chavolla OY, Antonio-Villa NE, Fermín-Martínez CA, Fernández-Chirino L, Vargas-Vázquez A, Ramírez-García D, Basile-Alvarez MR, Hoyos-Lázaro AE, Carrillo-Larco RM, Wexler DJ, Manne-Goehler J, Seiglie JA. Diabetes-Related Excess Mortality in Mexico: A Comparative Analysis of National Death Registries Between 2017-2019 and 2020. Diabetes Care 2022; 45:2957-2966. [PMID: 36286591 PMCID: PMC7613876 DOI: 10.2337/dc22-0616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate diabetes-related mortality in Mexico in 2020 compared with 2017-2019 after the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This retrospective, state-level study used national death registries of Mexican adults aged ≥20 years for the 2017-2020 period. Diabetes-related death was defined using ICD-10 codes listing diabetes as the primary cause of death, excluding certificates with COVID-19 as the primary cause of death. Spatial and negative binomial regression models were used to characterize the geographic distribution and sociodemographic and epidemiologic correlates of diabetes-related excess mortality, estimated as increases in diabetes-related mortality in 2020 compared with average 2017-2019 rates. RESULTS We identified 148,437 diabetes-related deaths in 2020 (177 per 100,000 inhabitants) vs. an average of 101,496 deaths in 2017-2019 (125 per 100,000 inhabitants). In-hospital diabetes-related deaths decreased by 17.8% in 2020 versus 2017-2019, whereas out-of-hospital deaths increased by 89.4%. Most deaths were attributable to type 2 diabetes (130 per 100,000 inhabitants). Compared with 2018-2019 data, hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state and diabetic ketoacidosis were the two contributing causes with the highest increase in mortality (128% and 116% increase, respectively). Diabetes-related excess mortality clustered in southern Mexico and was highest in states with higher social lag, rates of COVID-19 hospitalization, and prevalence of HbA1c ≥7.5%. CONCLUSIONS Diabetes-related deaths increased among Mexican adults by 41.6% in 2020 after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, occurred disproportionately outside the hospital, and were largely attributable to type 2 diabetes and hyperglycemic emergencies. Disruptions in diabetes care and strained hospital capacity may have contributed to diabetes-related excess mortality in Mexico during 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neftali Eduardo Antonio-Villa
- Research Division, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Mexico City, Mexico
- MD/PhD (PECEM) Program, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos A. Fermín-Martínez
- Research Division, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Mexico City, Mexico
- MD/PhD (PECEM) Program, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luisa Fernández-Chirino
- Research Division, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Mexico City, Mexico
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Arsenio Vargas-Vázquez
- MD/PhD (PECEM) Program, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Daniel Ramírez-García
- Research Division, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Mexico City, Mexico
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Martín Roberto Basile-Alvarez
- Research Division, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Mexico City, Mexico
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana Elena Hoyos-Lázaro
- Research Division, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Mexico City, Mexico
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo M. Carrillo-Larco
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, U.K
- CRONICAS Centre of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Deborah J. Wexler
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jennifer Manne-Goehler
- Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Jacqueline A. Seiglie
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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18
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Manique I, Abegão Matias A, Bouça B, Rego T, Cortez L, Sabino T, Panarra A, Rizzo M, Silva-Nunes J. Does the Hyperglycemia Impact on COVID-19 Outcomes Depend upon the Presence of Diabetes?-An Observational Study. Metabolites 2022; 12:1116. [PMID: 36422255 PMCID: PMC9693757 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) has emerged as a major risk factor for COVID-19 severity and SARS-CoV-2 infection can worsen glycemic control and may precipitate new-onset diabetes. At-admission hyperglycemia (AH) is a known predictor for worse outcomes in many diseases and seems to have a similar effect in COVID-19 patients. In this study, we aimed to assess the impact of AH regardless of pre-existing diabetes mellitus and new-onset diabetes diagnosis in the clinical severity of COVID-19 inpatients in the first months of the pandemic. A retrospective monocentric study on 374 COVID-19 inpatients (209 males) was developed to assess associations between AH (blood glucose levels in the Emergency Department or the first 24 h of hospitalization greater than 140 mg/dL) and severity outcomes (disease severity, respiratory support, admission to Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and mortality) in patients with and without diabetes. Considering diabetic patients with AH (N = 68;18.1%) there was a correlation with COVID-19 severity (p = 0.03), invasive mechanical ventilation (p = 0.008), and ICU admission (p = 0.026). No correlation was present with any severity outcomes in diabetic patients without AH (N = 33; 8.8%). All of the New-onset Diabetes patients (N = 15; 4%) had AH, and 12 had severe COVID-19; additionally, five patients were admitted to the ICU and three patients died. However, severity outcomes did not reach statistical correlation significance in this group. In nondiabetic patients with AH (N = 51; 13.6%), there was a statistically significant association with the need for oxygen therapy (p = 0.001), invasive mechanical ventilation (p = 0.01), and ICU admission (p = 0.03). Our results support data regarding the impact of AH on severity outcomes. It also suggests an effect of AH on the prognosis of COVID-19 inpatients, regardless of the presence of pre-existing diabetes or new-onset diabetes. We reinforce the importance to assess at admission glycemia in all patients admitted with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Manique
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, Hospital de Curry Cabral, 1050-099 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Abegão Matias
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, Hospital de Curry Cabral, 1050-099 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Bruno Bouça
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, Hospital de Curry Cabral, 1050-099 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Teresa Rego
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, Hospital de Curry Cabral, 1050-099 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luísa Cortez
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, Hospital de Curry Cabral, 1050-099 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Teresa Sabino
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, Hospital de Curry Cabral, 1050-099 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - António Panarra
- Functional Unit of Internal Medicine 7.2, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, Hospital de Curry Cabral, 1050-099 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - José Silva-Nunes
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, Hospital de Curry Cabral, 1050-099 Lisbon, Portugal
- Nova Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Medicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
- Health and Technology Research Center (H&TRC), Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal
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19
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Yan Y, Sun Y, Wang X, Zhu L, Chen Y, Liu Z. Acupuncture for Impaired Glucose Tolerance in People With Obesity: A Protocol for a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:932102. [PMID: 35903320 PMCID: PMC9322107 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.932102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is associated with being overweight/obesity and is a powerful risk factor for the disease of diabetes. In addition to lifestyle intervention that shows limited clinical application, acupuncture treatment has been a feasible treatment method for IGT in clinical practice. However, the effectiveness of acupuncture treatment has not been proved in evidence-based practice. Therefore, we design a multicenter randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture treatment for IGT in people with overweight/obesity. Methods The trial will be conducted at hospitals in three different sites in China. A total of 196 participants will be recruited and randomly assigned at a ratio of 1:1 to either to the acupuncture group or the sham acupuncture (SA) group. Both groups will receive 30 sessions of treatment for 12 consecutive weeks and will be provided with lifestyle intervention and a 24-week follow-up. The primary outcome will be change in the baseline value of 2-h blood glucose (2hPG) on the 12th week. Additionally, the expectancy of acupuncture, blinding, and safety will also be assessed. All statistical analyses will be performed by two-sided test, and a p-value of less than 0.05 will be considered statically significant. Discussion This study aims to provide quantitative clinical evidence of acupuncture effectiveness and safety in treating IGT in people who are overweight/obese. Clinical Trial Registration [www.ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier [NCT05347030].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan
- Department of Acupuncture, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanjie Sun
- Department of Acupuncture, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinlu Wang
- Department of Acupuncture, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Zhu
- Department of Acupuncture, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Chen
- New Zealand College of Chinese Medicine, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Zhishun Liu
- Department of Acupuncture, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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20
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Bonyek-Silva I, Cerqueira-Silva T, Nunes S, Machado AFA, Cruz MRS, Pereira B, Estrela L, Silva J, Isis A, Barral A, Oliveira PRS, Khouri R, Serezani CH, Brodskyn C, Caldas JR, Barral-Netto M, Boaventura V, Tavares NM. Prediabetes Induces More Severe Acute COVID-19 Associated With IL-6 Production Without Worsening Long-Term Symptoms. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:896378. [PMID: 35898449 PMCID: PMC9311489 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.896378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Pre-existing conditions, such as age, hypertension, obesity, and diabetes, constitute known risk factors for severe COVID-19. However, the impact of prediabetes mellitus (PDM) on COVID-19 severity is less clear. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of PDM in the acute and long-term phases of COVID-19. Materials and methods We compared inflammatory mediators, laboratory and clinical parameters and symptoms in COVID-19 patients with prediabetes (PDM) and without diabetes (NDM) during the acute phase of infection and at three months post-hospitalization. Results Patients with PDM had longer hospital stays and required intensive care unit admission more frequently than NDM. Upon hospitalization, PDM patients exhibited higher serum levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), which is related to reduced partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood, oxygen saturation (SpO2) and increased COVID-19 severity. However, at three months after discharge, those with PDM did not exhibit significant alterations in laboratory parameters or residual symptoms; however, PDM was observed to influence the profile of reported symptoms. Conclusions PDM seems to be associated with increased risk of severe COVID-19, as well as higher serum levels of IL-6, which may constitute a potential biomarker of severe COVID-19 risk in affected patients. Furthermore, while PDM correlated with more severe acute-phase COVID-19, no long-term worsening of sequelae was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Icaro Bonyek-Silva
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute (IGM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil
- Medical School, Federal University of Bahia (FAMEB-UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology Baiano, Xique-Xique, Brazil
- Faculty of Santa Cruz of Bahia (FSC), Nursing School, Itaberaba, Brazil
| | - Thiago Cerqueira-Silva
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute (IGM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil
- Medical School, Federal University of Bahia (FAMEB-UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Sara Nunes
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute (IGM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil
- Medical School, Federal University of Bahia (FAMEB-UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | - Blenda Pereira
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute (IGM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil
- Medical School, Federal University of Bahia (FAMEB-UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Leilane Estrela
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute (IGM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Silva
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute (IGM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil
- Medical School, Federal University of Bahia (FAMEB-UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Ananda Isis
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute (IGM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Aldina Barral
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute (IGM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil
- Medical School, Federal University of Bahia (FAMEB-UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT), Institute of Investigation in Immunology (iii-INCT), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Khouri
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute (IGM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil
- Medical School, Federal University of Bahia (FAMEB-UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
| | - C. Henrique Serezani
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Cláudia Brodskyn
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute (IGM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil
- Medical School, Federal University of Bahia (FAMEB-UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT), Institute of Investigation in Immunology (iii-INCT), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Ribeiro Caldas
- School of Health Sciences, Salvador University (UNIFACS), Salvador, Brazil
- Critical Care Unit, São Rafael Hospital – Rede d’Or, Salvador, Brazil
- Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health – EBMSP, Campus Brotas, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Manoel Barral-Netto
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute (IGM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil
- Medical School, Federal University of Bahia (FAMEB-UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT), Institute of Investigation in Immunology (iii-INCT), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Viviane Boaventura
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute (IGM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil
- Medical School, Federal University of Bahia (FAMEB-UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Natalia Machado Tavares
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute (IGM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil
- Medical School, Federal University of Bahia (FAMEB-UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT), Institute of Investigation in Immunology (iii-INCT), São Paulo, Brazil
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21
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Krishnasamy S, Sheikh D, Ali T, Clemons V, Furmanek S, Mohamed Fawzy Abdelhaleem AA, Salunkhe V, Akbar UA, Chlebowy D, Ramirez J, Arnold F. Impact of hyperglycemia on cardiovascular events and clinical outcomes in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia. Endocr Pract 2022; 28:780-786. [PMID: 35671878 PMCID: PMC9166248 DOI: 10.1016/j.eprac.2022.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective To study cardiovascular events and clinical outcomes in patients with elevated glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and/or admission hyperglycemia and those with type 2 diabetes hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Methods This was a multicenter retrospective study of 1645 patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia required a positive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction result for SARS-CoV-2, presence of new or worsening pulmonary infiltrates on computed tomography scan or chest x-ray, and at least one of following: (1) new or increased cough, (2) temperature of >37.8 °C, or (3) dyspnea. Outcomes included in-hospital cardiovascular events, intensive care unit admission, and mortality. Logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for association of elevated HbA1c levels and/or admission hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes for individual outcomes. Results Among 1645 adults hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, 18 with type 1 diabetes were excluded from the analysis. Of 1627 adults, 634 (39%) had known diagnosis of type 2 diabetes, and among 993 patients with no diabetes, 107 (10.8%) patients were identified with elevated HbA1c levels and/or admission hyperglycemia. Patients with elevated HbA1c levels and/or admission hyperglycemia had increased odds of developing acute in-hospital cardiovascular events (OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.07-2.80), intensive care unit admissions (OR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.10-2.34), and mortality (OR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.02-3.07) compared to patients with type 2 diabetes and no diabetes. Conclusion Patients with elevated HbA1c levels and/or admission hyperglycemia hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia have increased risk of developing acute in-hospital cardiovascular complications and overall poor clinical outcomes compared with patients with type 2 diabetes and no diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathya Krishnasamy
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Daniya Sheikh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.
| | - T'shura Ali
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Victoria Clemons
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Stephen Furmanek
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | | | - Vidyulata Salunkhe
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Usman Ali Akbar
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Diane Chlebowy
- School of Nursing, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Julio Ramirez
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Forest Arnold
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
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22
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Clausen CL, Leo-Hansen C, Faurholt-Jepsen D, Krogh-Madsen R, Ritz C, Kirk O, Jørgensen HL, Benfield T, Almdal TP, Snorgaard O. Glucometabolic changes influence hospitalization and outcome in patients with COVID-19: An observational cohort study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022; 187:109880. [PMID: 35483546 PMCID: PMC9055392 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aim was to report the prevalence of diabetes status in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and assess the association between the glucometabolic status at admission and 90-day mortality. METHODS Consecutive patients hospitalized with COVID-19 were included in the study. All participants included had an HbA1c measurement 60 days prior to or within 7 days after admission. We studied the association between diabetes status, the glycemic gap (difference between admission and habitual status), admission plasma-glucose, and mortality using Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS Of 674 patients included, 114 (17%) had normal glucose level, 287 (43%) had pre-diabetes, 74 (11%) had new-onset, and 199 (30%) had diagnosed diabetes. No association between diabetes status, plasma-glucose at admission, and mortality was found. Compared to the 2nd quartile (reference) of glycemic-gap, those with the highest glycemic gap had increased mortality (3rd (HR 2.38 [1.29-4.38], p = 0.005) and 4th quartile (HR 2.48 [1.37-4.52], p = 0.002). CONCLUSION Abnormal glucose metabolism was highly prevalent among patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Diabetes status per se or admission plasma-glucose was not associated with a poorer outcome. However, a high glycemic gap was associated with increased risk of mortality, suggesting that, irrespective of diabetes status, glycemic stress serves as an important prognostic marker for mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara L Clausen
- Center of Research & Disruption of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark.
| | | | | | - Rikke Krogh-Madsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark; Centre for Physical Activity Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Christian Ritz
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark - Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole Kirk
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medicines, University of Copenhagen - Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik L Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medicines, University of Copenhagen - Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Benfield
- Center of Research & Disruption of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medicines, University of Copenhagen - Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas P Almdal
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medicines, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole Snorgaard
- Department of Medical Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
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23
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Gutiérrez Rodelo C, Salinas RA, Armenta JaimeArmenta E, Armenta S, Galdámez-Martínez A, Castillo-Blum SE, Astudillo-de la Vega H, Nirmala Grace A, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Gutiérrez Rodelo J, Christie G, Alsanie WF, Santana G, Thakur VK, Dutt A. Zinc associated nanomaterials and their intervention in emerging respiratory viruses: Journey to the field of biomedicine and biomaterials. Coord Chem Rev 2022; 457:214402. [PMID: 35095109 PMCID: PMC8788306 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory viruses represent a severe public health risk worldwide, and the research contribution to tackle the current pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 is one of the main targets among the scientific community. In this regard, experts from different fields have gathered to confront this catastrophic pandemic. This review illustrates how nanotechnology intervention could be valuable in solving this difficult situation, and the state of the art of Zn-based nanostructures are discussed in detail. For virus detection, learning from the experience of other respiratory viruses such as influenza, the potential use of Zn nanomaterials as suitable sensing platforms to recognize the S1 spike protein in SARS-CoV-2 are shown. Furthermore, a discussion about the antiviral mechanisms reported for ZnO nanostructures is included, which can help develop surface disinfectants and protective coatings. At the same time, the properties of Zn-based materials as supplements for reducing viral activity and the recovery of infected patients are illustrated. Within the scope of noble adjuvants to improve the immune response, the ZnO NPs properties as immunomodulators are explained, and potential prototypes of nanoengineered particles with metallic cations (like Zn2+) are suggested. Therefore, using Zn-associated nanomaterials from detection to disinfection, supplementation, and immunomodulation opens a wide area of opportunities to combat these emerging respiratory viruses. Finally, the attractive properties of these nanomaterials can be extrapolated to new clinical challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Citlaly Gutiérrez Rodelo
- Healthcare Business and Computer Technology, Mexico
- Nanopharmacia Diagnostica, Tlaxcala No. 146/705, Col. Roma Sur, Cuauhtémoc, Cuidad de México, C.P. 06760, Mexico
| | - Rafael A Salinas
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CIBA-IPN), Tlaxcala 72197, Mexico
| | - Erika Armenta JaimeArmenta
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, DF 04510, México
| | - Silvia Armenta
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 3649 Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Andrés Galdámez-Martínez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacan, México City, C.P. 04510, Mexico
| | - Silvia E Castillo-Blum
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, DF 04510, México
| | - Horacio Astudillo-de la Vega
- Healthcare Business and Computer Technology, Mexico
- Nanopharmacia Diagnostica, Tlaxcala No. 146/705, Col. Roma Sur, Cuauhtémoc, Cuidad de México, C.P. 06760, Mexico
| | - Andrews Nirmala Grace
- Centre for Nanotechnology Research, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632 014, India
| | - Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas y Dirección de Nutrición. Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico
| | - Juliana Gutiérrez Rodelo
- Instituto Méxicano del Seguro Social, Hospital General de SubZona No. 4, C.P. 80370, Navolato, Sinaloa, México
| | - Graham Christie
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QT, UK
| | - Walaa F Alsanie
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Guillermo Santana
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacan, México City, C.P. 04510, Mexico
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, SRUC, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Shiv Nadar University, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
- School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ateet Dutt
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacan, México City, C.P. 04510, Mexico
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Hehar J, Todter E, Lahiri SW. Association of Patient Characteristics, Diabetes, BMI, and Obesity With Severe COVID-19 in Metropolitan Detroit, MI. Clin Diabetes 2022; 40:141-152. [PMID: 35669303 PMCID: PMC9160544 DOI: 10.2337/cd21-0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Identification of specific risk factors for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is crucial for prevention of poor outcomes and mortality. This retrospective cohort study of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 demonstrated that older age, male sex, Black race, diabetes, elevated BMI, and elevated inflammatory markers were correlated with critical illness in COVID-19. Older age, male sex, diabetes, and inflammatory markers, but not elevated BMI, were associated with mortality. Despite having greater odds of critical illness, Black patients had lower odds of death than White patients. Older age, male sex, diabetes, and elevated inflammatory markers were significantly associated with venous thromboembolism. These findings suggest a need to aggressively identify and manage modifiable risk factors (i.e., diabetes and elevated BMI) and encourage vaccination of at-risk individuals to prevent poor outcomes from COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaspreet Hehar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Bone and Mineral Disorders, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI
| | - Erika Todter
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI
| | - Sharon W. Lahiri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Bone and Mineral Disorders, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI
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Cromer SJ, Colling C, Schatoff D, Leary M, Stamou MI, Selen DJ, Putman MS, Wexler DJ. Newly diagnosed diabetes vs. pre-existing diabetes upon admission for COVID-19: Associated factors, short-term outcomes, and long-term glycemic phenotypes. J Diabetes Complications 2022; 36:108145. [PMID: 35148936 PMCID: PMC8813764 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2022.108145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS High rates of newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus (NDDM) have been reported in association with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Factors associated with NDDM and long-term glycemic outcomes are not known. METHODS Retrospective review of individuals admitted with COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus (DM; based on labs, diagnoses, outpatient insulin use, or severe inpatient hyperglycemia) between March and September 2020, with follow-up through July 2021. RESULTS Of 1902 individuals admitted with COVID-19, 594 (31.2%) had DM; 77 (13.0%) of these had NDDM. Compared to pre-existing DM, NDDM was more common in younger patients and less common in those of non-Hispanic White race/ethnicity. Glycemic parameters were lower and inflammatory markers higher in patients with NDDM. In adjusted models, NDDM was associated with lower insulin requirements, longer length of stay, and intensive care unit admission but not death. Of 64 survivors with NDDM, 36 (56.3%) continued to have DM, 26 (40.6%) regressed to normoglycemia or pre-diabetes, and 2 were unable to be classified at a median follow-up of 323 days. CONCLUSIONS Diabetes diagnosed at COVID-19 presentation is associated with lower glucose but higher inflammatory markers and ICU admission, suggesting stress hyperglycemia as a major physiologic mechanism. Approximately half of such individuals experience regression of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara J Cromer
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America.
| | - Caitlin Colling
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Daria Schatoff
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Michael Leary
- Florida Atlantic University Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Boca Raton, FL, United States of America
| | - Maria I Stamou
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Daryl J Selen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Melissa S Putman
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America; Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Deborah J Wexler
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
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Tzeravini E, Stratigakos E, Siafarikas C, Tentolouris A, Tentolouris N. The Role of Diabetes and Hyperglycemia on COVID-19 Infection Course-A Narrative Review. FRONTIERS IN CLINICAL DIABETES AND HEALTHCARE 2022; 3:812134. [PMID: 36992740 PMCID: PMC10012165 DOI: 10.3389/fcdhc.2022.812134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
It was previously reported that subjects with diabetes mellitus (DM) are more vulnerable to several bacterial or viral infections. In the era of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, it is reasonable to wonder whether DM is a risk factor for COVID-19 infection, too. It is not yet clear whether DM increases the risk for contracting COVID-19 infection or not. However, patients with DM when infected are more likely to develop severe or even fatal COVID-19 disease course than patients without DM. Certain characteristics of DM patients may also deteriorate prognosis. On the other hand, hyperglycemia per se is related to unfavorable outcomes, and the risk may be higher for COVID-19 subjects without pre-existing DM. In addition, individuals with DM may experience prolonged symptoms, need readmission, or develop complications such as mucormycosis long after recovery from COVID-19; close follow-up is hence necessary in some selected cases. We here present a narrative review of the literature in order to set light into the relationship between COVID-19 infection and DM/hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Tzeravini
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Chris Siafarikas
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasios Tentolouris
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Tentolouris
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Lui DTW, Li YK, Lee CH, Chow WS, Lee ACH, Tam AR, Pang P, Ho TY, Cheung CYY, Fong CHY, To KKW, Tan KCB, Woo YC, Hung IFN, Lam KSL. A prospective study of the impact of glycaemic status on clinical outcomes and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses among patients with predominantly non-severe COVID-19. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022; 185:109232. [PMID: 35131374 PMCID: PMC8816793 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
AIMS We carried out this prospective study of predominantly non-severe COVID-19 patients, to evaluate the influence of glycaemic status on clinical outcomes and neutralising antibody (Nab) responses, potentially relevant to the COVID-19 vaccination programme. METHODS We included consecutive adults admitted to Queen Mary Hospital for COVID-19 from July 2020-May 2021. Glycaemic status was defined by admission HbA1c. Clinical deterioration was defined by radiological progression/new oxygen requirement/intensive care requirement/death. COVID-19 survivors had Nab measurements at 1-month, 2-month, 3-month and 6-month post-discharge. RESULTS Among 605 patients (96.9% non-severe COVID-19; 325 normoglycaemia, 185 prediabetes, 95 diabetes), 74 (12.2%) had clinical deterioration, more likely with worse glycaemic status and higher HbA1c (p < 0.001). Older age (p < 0.001), higher viral loads (p < 0.001), higher C-reactive protein (CRP) (p < 0.001) and symptomatic presentation (p = 0.008), but not glycaemic status/HbA1c, independently predicted clinical deterioration. Older age (p = 0.001), higher CRP (p = 0.038), elevated lactate dehydrogenase (p = 0.046) and interferon treatment (p = 0.001), but not glycaemic status/HbA1c, independently predicted Nab titres. Rate of Nab titre decline was comparable across glycaemic status. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 patients with worse glycaemic status were more likely to deteriorate clinically, mediated through the association of worse glycaemic status with older age, more severe inflammation and higher viral loads. Importantly, Nab responses did not differ across glycaemic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Tak Wai Lui
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yan Kiu Li
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Ho Lee
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing Sun Chow
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alan Chun Hong Lee
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Anthony Raymond Tam
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Polly Pang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tip Yin Ho
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chloe Yu Yan Cheung
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Carol Ho Yi Fong
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kelvin Kai Wang To
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kathryn Choon Beng Tan
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Cho Woo
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ivan Fan Ngai Hung
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Karen Siu Ling Lam
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
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Alhakak A, Butt JH, Gerds TA, Fosbøl EL, Mogensen UM, Krøll J, Pallisgaard JL, Gislason GH, Torp‐Pedersen C, Køber L, Weeke PE. Glycated haemoglobin levels among 3295 hospitalized COVID-19 patients, with and without diabetes, and risk of severe infection, admission to an intensive care unit and all-cause mortality. Diabetes Obes Metab 2022; 24:499-510. [PMID: 34779086 PMCID: PMC8653248 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine the risk of adverse outcomes across the spectrum of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels among hospitalized COVID-19 patients with and without diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Danish nationwide registries were used to study the association between HbA1c levels and 30-day risk of all-cause mortality and the composite of severe COVID-19 infection, intensive care unit (ICU) admission and all-cause mortality. The study population comprised patients hospitalized with COVID-19 (3 March 2020 to 31 December 2020) with a positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test and an available HbA1c ≤ 6 months before the first positive PCR test. All patients had at least 30 days of follow-up. Among patients with diabetes, HbA1c was categorized as <48 mmol/mol, 48 to 53 mmol/mol, 54 to 58 mmol/mol, 59 to 64 mmol/mol (reference) and >64 mmol/mol. Among patients without diabetes, HbA1c was stratified into <31 mmol/mol, 31 to 36 mmol/mol (reference), 37 to 41 mmol/mol and 42 to 47 mmol/mol. Thirty-day standardized absolute risks and standardized absolute risk differences are reported. RESULTS We identified 3295 hospitalized COVID-19 patients with an available HbA1c (56.2% male, median age 73.9 years), of whom 35.8% had diabetes. The median HbA1c was 54 and 37 mmol/mol among patients with and without diabetes, respectively. Among patients with diabetes, the standardized absolute risk difference of the composite outcome was higher with HbA1c < 48 mmol/mol (12.0% [95% confidence interval {CI} 3.3% to 20.8%]) and HbA1c > 64 mmol/mol (15.1% [95% CI 6.2% to 24.0%]), compared with HbA1c 59 to 64 mmol/mol (reference). Among patients without diabetes, the standardized absolute risk difference of the composite outcome was greater with HbA1c < 31 mmol/mol (8.5% [95% CI 0.5% to 16.5%]) and HbA1c 42 to 47 mmol/mol (6.7% [95% CI 1.3% to 12.1%]), compared with HbA1c 31 to 36 mmol/mol (reference). CONCLUSIONS Patients with COVID-19 and HbA1c < 48 mmol/mol or HbA1c > 64 mmol/mol had a higher associated risk of the composite outcome. Similarly, among patients without diabetes, varying HbA1c levels were associated with higher risk of the composite outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jawad H. Butt
- Department of Cardiology, RigshospitaletCopenhagen University HospitalCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Thomas A. Gerds
- Department of BiostatisticsUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- The Danish Heart FoundationCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Emil L. Fosbøl
- Department of Cardiology, RigshospitaletCopenhagen University HospitalCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Ulrik M. Mogensen
- Department of Cardiology, RigshospitaletCopenhagen University HospitalCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Johanna Krøll
- Department of Cardiology, RigshospitaletCopenhagen University HospitalCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Jannik L. Pallisgaard
- Department of CardiologyHerlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of CopenhagenHellerupDenmark
| | - Gunnar H. Gislason
- The Danish Heart FoundationCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of CardiologyHerlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of CopenhagenHellerupDenmark
- The National Institute of Public HealthUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Christian Torp‐Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Research and CardiologyNordsjællands HospitalHillerødDenmark
- Department of CardiologyAalborg University HospitalAalborgDenmark
| | - Lars Køber
- Department of Cardiology, RigshospitaletCopenhagen University HospitalCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Peter E. Weeke
- Department of Cardiology, RigshospitaletCopenhagen University HospitalCopenhagenDenmark
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De-la-Rosa-Martinez D, Aranda-Audelo M, Martin-Onraet A, Islas-Muñoz B, Perez-Jimenez C, Alatorre-Fernandez P, Cornejo-Juarez P, Ruiz-Garcia E, Zinser-Peniche P, Ortiz-Luna L, Meneses-Garcia A, Herrera-Gomez A, Vilar-Compte D. Clinical characteristics and outcomes in a cohort of oncologic patients with COVID-19 during the first year of the pandemic in Mexico. Cancer Med 2022; 11:1827-1836. [PMID: 35166033 PMCID: PMC9041085 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Literature on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection in cancer patients is scarce in Latin America. This population seems to have a higher risk for adverse outcomes. This study aims to correlate clinical characteristics with outcomes in patients with cancer. Methods We included all patients with cancer and confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection from April 19 to December 31, 2020, at the Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Mexico. Clinical information was obtained from medical and epidemiological records. For the association between variables and hospitalization, invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), and mortality, univariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed; odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results Four hundred thirty‐three patients were included; 268 (62%) were female, the median age was 55 years. One hundred thirty‐five (31%), 131 (30%), and 93 (21%) patients had obesity, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus (DM), respectively. Three hundred forty‐one (79%) had solid cancer. One hundred seventy (39%) had advanced cancer. Two hundred (46%) patients were hospitalized. Age (p < 0.01), male gender (p = 0.03), hematological malignancies (HM) (p = 0.04) and advanced cancer (p = 0.03) increased the risk for hospital admission. Forty‐five (10%) patients required IMV. Age (p = 0.02); DM (p = 0.04); high C‐reactive protein (p < 0.01), and lactate dehydrogenase (p = 0.03) were associated with IMV. Mortality within 30 days after diagnosis was 18% (76 cases). Associated characteristics were age (p = 0.04) and low albumin (p < 0.01). Conclusions In this study, patients with cancer showed higher mortality, need for hospitalization, and IMV compared with other non‐cancer cohorts. We did not find an increased risk in mortality for HM. Although our cohort was younger than others previously reported, age was a strong predictor of adverse outcomes. Variables associated with IMV and death were similar to those previously described in cancer patients with COVID‐19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel De-la-Rosa-Martinez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Mexico City, Mexico.,Plan de Estudios Combinados en Medicina (PECEM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mercedes Aranda-Audelo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Beda Islas-Muñoz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carolina Perez-Jimenez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Erika Ruiz-Garcia
- Translational Medicine Laboratory and Department of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Paola Zinser-Peniche
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Ortiz-Luna
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Angel Herrera-Gomez
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Diana Vilar-Compte
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Mexico City, Mexico
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Vanegas-Cedillo PE, Bello-Chavolla OY, Ramírez-Pedraza N, Rodríguez Encinas B, Pérez Carrión CI, Jasso-Ávila MI, Valladares-García JC, Hernández-Juárez D, Vargas-Vázquez A, Antonio-Villa NE, Chapa-Ibarguengoitia M, Ponce de Leon A, Sifuentes-Osornio J, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Mehta R. Serum Vitamin D Levels Are Associated With Increased COVID-19 Severity and Mortality Independent of Whole-Body and Visceral Adiposity. Front Nutr 2022; 9:813485. [PMID: 35155539 PMCID: PMC8825804 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.813485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionCoronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a global pandemic. Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with susceptibility to infectious disease. In this study, the association between COVID-19 outcomes and vitamin D levels in patients attending a COVID-19 reference center in Mexico City are examined.MethodsConsecutive patients with confirmed COVID-19 were evaluated. All patients underwent clinical evaluation and follow-up, laboratory measurements and a thoracic computerized tomography, including the measurement of epicardial fat thickness. Low vitamin D was defined as levels <20 ng/ml (<50nmol/L) and deficient Vitamin D as a level ≤12 ng/ml (<30 nmol/L).ResultsOf the 551 patients included, low vitamin D levels were present in 45.6% and deficient levels in 10.9%. Deficient Vitamin D levels were associated with mortality (HR 2.11, 95%CI 1.24–3.58, p = 0.006) but not with critical COVID-19, adjusted for age, sex, body-mass index and epicardial fat. Using model-based causal mediation analyses the increased risk of COVID-19 mortality conferred by low vitamin D levels was partly mediated by its effect on D-dimer and cardiac ultrasensitive troponins. Notably, increased risk of COVID-19 mortality conferred by low vitamin D levels was independent of BMI and epicardial fat.ConclusionVitamin D deficiency (≤12 ng/ml or <30 nmol/L), is independently associated with COVID-19 mortality after adjustment for visceral fat (epicardial fat thickness). Low vitamin D may contribute to a pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic state, increasing the risk for adverse COVID-19 outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Esteban Vanegas-Cedillo
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Omar Yaxmehen Bello-Chavolla
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- Research Division, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Natalia Ramírez-Pedraza
- MD/PhD (PECEM) program, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Bethsabel Rodríguez Encinas
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carolina Isabel Pérez Carrión
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Isabel Jasso-Ávila
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Carlos Valladares-García
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Diana Hernández-Juárez
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Arsenio Vargas-Vázquez
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- MD/PhD (PECEM) program, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Neftali Eduardo Antonio-Villa
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- MD/PhD (PECEM) program, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Monica Chapa-Ibarguengoitia
- Department of Radiology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Ponce de Leon
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Sifuentes-Osornio
- Internal Medicine Division, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- Instituto Tecnologico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey Tec Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos A. Aguilar-Salinas
- Instituto Tecnologico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey Tec Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
- Division of Nutrition, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Roopa Mehta
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Roopa Mehta
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Uchihara M, Bouchi R, Kodani N, Saito S, Miyazato Y, Umamoto K, Sugimoto H, Kobayashi M, Hikida S, Akiyama Y, Ihana‐Sugiyama N, Osugi M, Tanabe A, Ueki K, Takasaki J, Hojo M, Kajio H. Impact of newly diagnosed diabetes on COVID‐19 severity and hyperglycemia. J Diabetes Investig 2022; 13:1086-1093. [PMID: 35075818 PMCID: PMC9153833 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims/Introduction Materials and Methods Results Conclusions
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Uchihara
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism National Center for Global Health and Medicine Toyama 1‐21‐1, Shinjuku‐ku Tokyo 162‐8655 Japan
| | - Ryotaro Bouchi
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism National Center for Global Health and Medicine Toyama 1‐21‐1, Shinjuku‐ku Tokyo 162‐8655 Japan
- Diabetes and Metabolism Information Center Research Institute National Center for Global Health and Medicine Toyama 1‐21‐1, Shinjuku‐ku Tokyo 162‐8655 Japan
| | - Noriko Kodani
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism National Center for Global Health and Medicine Toyama 1‐21‐1, Shinjuku‐ku Tokyo 162‐8655 Japan
| | - Sho Saito
- Disease Control and Prevention Center National Center for Global Health and Medicine Toyama 1‐21‐1, Shinjuku‐ku Tokyo 162‐8655 Japan
| | - Yusuke Miyazato
- Disease Control and Prevention Center National Center for Global Health and Medicine Toyama 1‐21‐1, Shinjuku‐ku Tokyo 162‐8655 Japan
| | - Kotaro Umamoto
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism National Center for Global Health and Medicine Toyama 1‐21‐1, Shinjuku‐ku Tokyo 162‐8655 Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sugimoto
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism National Center for Global Health and Medicine Toyama 1‐21‐1, Shinjuku‐ku Tokyo 162‐8655 Japan
| | - Michi Kobayashi
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism National Center for Global Health and Medicine Toyama 1‐21‐1, Shinjuku‐ku Tokyo 162‐8655 Japan
| | - Sayaka Hikida
- Disease Control and Prevention Center National Center for Global Health and Medicine Toyama 1‐21‐1, Shinjuku‐ku Tokyo 162‐8655 Japan
| | - Yutaro Akiyama
- Disease Control and Prevention Center National Center for Global Health and Medicine Toyama 1‐21‐1, Shinjuku‐ku Tokyo 162‐8655 Japan
| | - Noriko Ihana‐Sugiyama
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism National Center for Global Health and Medicine Toyama 1‐21‐1, Shinjuku‐ku Tokyo 162‐8655 Japan
- Diabetes and Metabolism Information Center Research Institute National Center for Global Health and Medicine Toyama 1‐21‐1, Shinjuku‐ku Tokyo 162‐8655 Japan
| | - Mitsuru Osugi
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism National Center for Global Health and Medicine Toyama 1‐21‐1, Shinjuku‐ku Tokyo 162‐8655 Japan
- Diabetes and Metabolism Information Center Research Institute National Center for Global Health and Medicine Toyama 1‐21‐1, Shinjuku‐ku Tokyo 162‐8655 Japan
| | - Akiyo Tanabe
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism National Center for Global Health and Medicine Toyama 1‐21‐1, Shinjuku‐ku Tokyo 162‐8655 Japan
| | - Kojiro Ueki
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism National Center for Global Health and Medicine Toyama 1‐21‐1, Shinjuku‐ku Tokyo 162‐8655 Japan
- Department of Molecular Diabetic Medicine Diabetes Research Center Research Institute National Center for Global Health and Medicine Toyama 1‐21‐1, Shinjuku‐ku Tokyo 162‐8655 Japan
| | - Jin Takasaki
- Disease Control and Prevention Center National Center for Global Health and Medicine Toyama 1‐21‐1, Shinjuku‐ku Tokyo 162‐8655 Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine National Center for Global Health and Medicine Toyama 1‐21‐1, Shinjuku‐ku Tokyo 162‐8655 Japan
| | - Masayuki Hojo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine National Center for Global Health and Medicine Toyama 1‐21‐1, Shinjuku‐ku Tokyo 162‐8655 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kajio
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism National Center for Global Health and Medicine Toyama 1‐21‐1, Shinjuku‐ku Tokyo 162‐8655 Japan
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Rysz S, Jonsson Fagerlund M, Rimes‐Stigare C, Larsson E, Campoccia Jalde F, Mårtensson J. Chronic dysglycemia and risk of SARS-CoV-2 associated respiratory failure in hospitalized patients. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2022; 66:48-55. [PMID: 34582033 PMCID: PMC8653023 DOI: 10.1111/aas.13982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Diabetes is common among patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2)‐induced respiratory failure. We aimed to investigate the relationship between different stages of chronic dysglycemia and development of respiratory failure in hospitalized SARS‐CoV‐2 positive patients. Methods In this retrospective observational study, we included 385 hospitalized SARS‐CoV‐2 positive patients at Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden with an HbA1c test obtained within 3 months before admission. Based on HbA1c level and previous diabetes history, we classified patients into the following dysglycemia categories: prediabetes, unknown diabetes, controlled diabetes, or uncontrolled diabetes. We used multivariable logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index, to assess the association between dysglycemia categories and development of SARS‐CoV‐2‐induced respiratory failure. Results Of the 385 study patients, 88 (22.9%) had prediabetes, 68 (17.7%) had unknown diabetes, 36 (9.4%) had controlled diabetes, and 83 (21.6%) had uncontrolled diabetes. Overall, 299 (77.7%) patients were admitted with or developed SARS‐CoV‐2‐induced respiratory failure during hospitalization. In multivariable logistic regression analysis compared with no chronic dysglycemia, prediabetes (OR 14.41, 95% CI 5.27–39.43), unknown diabetes (OR 15.86, 95% CI 4.55–55.36), and uncontrolled diabetes (OR 17.61, 95% CI 5.77–53.74) was independently associated with increased risk of SARS‐CoV‐2‐induced respiratory failure. Conclusion In our cohort of hospitalized SARS‐CoV‐2 positive patients with available HbA1c data, prediabetes, undiagnosed diabetes, and poorly controlled diabetes were associated with a markedly increased risk of SARS‐CoV‐2‐associated respiratory failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Rysz
- Department of Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Medicine Solna Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Malin Jonsson Fagerlund
- Department of Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Claire Rimes‐Stigare
- Department of Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
| | - Emma Larsson
- Department of Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Francesca Campoccia Jalde
- Department of Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Johan Mårtensson
- Department of Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
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Saboo B, Parikh RM. RSSDI's Defeat Diabetes Campaign: India takes a major leap in the direction of diabetes care capital of the world. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2021; 41:523-525. [PMID: 34924729 PMCID: PMC8668391 DOI: 10.1007/s13410-021-01036-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Banshi Saboo
- DiaCare-Diabetes Care and Hormonal Clinic, Ahmedabad, Gujarat India
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Heidarpour M, Abhari AP, Sadeghpour N, Shafie D, Sarokhani D. Prediabetes and COVID-19 severity, an underestimated risk factor: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2021; 15:102307. [PMID: 34731820 PMCID: PMC8501186 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.102307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly spread through the whole globe. Since the beginning of the outbreak, some individuals were more likely to manifest more severe outcomes. Diabetic patients were of that sort; however, the severity of COVID-19 in prediabetic ones remained less identified. This study aimed to systematically review and conduct a meta-analysis of the previously published observational studies investigating the severity of COVID-19 in prediabetic patients. METHODS Medline/PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane library, and google scholar databases were queried to identify relevant studies concerning prediabetes and serious COVID-19 outcomes. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to assess the quality of the included studies. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to evaluate the likelihood of severe presentations in prediabetic patients. RESULTS A total of 3027 patients were included in the meta-analysis. A random-effects model was used regarding the high heterogeneity (I2 = 55%). Prediabetes was significantly associated with adverse outcomes of COVID-19 with an OR of 2.58 (95%CI, 1.46-4.56). CONCLUSION Prediabetes could act as a risk factor for the severity of COVID-19. Early detection of prediabetic patients might be helpful to adopt preventive and protective strategies to improve the prognosis of the infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Heidarpour
- Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amir Parsa Abhari
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Niyousha Sadeghpour
- Heart Failure Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Davood Shafie
- Heart Failure Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Diana Sarokhani
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Patel AJ, Klek SP, Peragallo-Dittko V, Goldstein M, Burdge E, Nadile V, Ramadhar J, Islam S, Rothberger GD. Correlation of Hemoglobin A1C and Outcomes in Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19. Endocr Pract 2021; 27:1046-1051. [PMID: 34284145 PMCID: PMC8286241 DOI: 10.1016/j.eprac.2021.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective Diabetes is a known risk factor for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We conducted this study to determine if there is a correlation between hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) level and poor outcomes in hospitalized patients with diabetes and COVID-19. Methods This is a retrospective, single-center, observational study of patients with diabetes (defined by an HbA1C level of ≥6.5% or known medical history of diabetes) who had a confirmed case of COVID-19 and required hospitalization. All patients were admitted to our institution between March 3, 2020, and May 5, 2020. HbA1C results for each patient were divided into quartiles: 5.1% to 6.7% (32-50 mmol/mol), 6.8% to 7.5% (51-58 mmol/mol), 7.6% to 8.9% (60-74 mmol/mol), and >9% (>75 mmol/mol). The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included admission to an intensive care unit, invasive mechanical ventilation, acute kidney injury, acute thrombosis, and length of hospital stay. Results A total of 506 patients were included. The number of deaths within quartiles 1 through 4 were 30 (25%), 37 (27%), 34 (27%), and 24 (19%), respectively. There was no statistical difference in the primary or secondary outcomes among the quartiles, except that acute kidney injury was less frequent in quartile 4. Conclusion There was no significant association between HbA1C level and adverse clinical outcomes in patients with diabetes who are hospitalized with COVID-19. HbA1C levels should not be used for risk stratification in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy J Patel
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, New York
| | - Stanislaw P Klek
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, New York
| | - Virginia Peragallo-Dittko
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, New York
| | - Michael Goldstein
- Department of Medicine, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, New York
| | - Eric Burdge
- Department of Medicine, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, New York
| | - Victoria Nadile
- Department of Medicine, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, New York
| | - Julia Ramadhar
- Department of Medicine, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, New York
| | - Shahidul Islam
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, New York
| | - Gary D Rothberger
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, New York.
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Chandrasekaran ND, Velure Raja Rao MR, Sathish T. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients with prediabetes. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2021; 15:102192. [PMID: 34224947 PMCID: PMC8239313 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.102192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS We aimed to examine the clinical characteristics and outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with prediabetes. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study of 102 COVID-19 patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital in India between May and October 2020. RESULTS Most patients had a poor clinical profile on admission. They had high rates of invasive mechanical ventilation (48%), intensive care unit admission (48%), complications (72.6%), and mortality (32.4%). CONCLUSION People with prediabetes are at high risk for poor outcomes from COVID-19.
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Whyte MB, Vas PRJ, Umpleby AM. Could Exogenous Insulin Ameliorate the Metabolic Dysfunction Induced by Glucocorticoids and COVID-19? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:649405. [PMID: 34220705 PMCID: PMC8249851 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.649405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The finding that high-dose dexamethasone improves survival in those requiring critical care due to COVID-19 will mean much greater usage of glucocorticoids in the subsequent waves of coronavirus infection. Furthermore, the consistent finding of adverse outcomes from COVID-19 in individuals with obesity, hypertension and diabetes has focussed attention on the metabolic dysfunction that may arise with critical illness. The SARS coronavirus itself may promote relative insulin deficiency, ketogenesis and hyperglycaemia in susceptible individuals. In conjunction with prolonged critical care, these components will promote a catabolic state. Insulin infusion is the mainstay of therapy for treatment of hyperglycaemia in acute illness but what is the effect of insulin on the admixture of glucocorticoids and COVID-19? This article reviews the evidence for the effect of insulin on clinical outcomes and intermediary metabolism in critical illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Brunel Whyte
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Anne M. Umpleby
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
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Impaired Glucose-Insulin Metabolism in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome Related to SARS-CoV-2 in Children. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8050384. [PMID: 34067965 PMCID: PMC8152288 DOI: 10.3390/children8050384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An interaction between metabolic glucose impairment and coronavirus disease 2019 is reported. The development of a severe multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) related to SARS-CoV-2 infection has been described. We evaluated the impact of MIS-C on glycemic patterns in pediatric patients. A group of 30 children and adolescents affected by MIS-C were considered; all patients were normal weight. Clinical and biochemical assessments, including surrogate markers of insulin resistance (IR) such as homeostasis model analysis-IR (HOMA-IR) and triglyceride-glucose (TyG) indexes, were recorded. Patients were also invited to undergo an intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM). HOMA-IR index was calculated in 18 patients (60%), of which 17 (94%) revealed a pathological value. TyG index was computed for all patients and pathological values were detected in all cases. In 15 patients, isCGM data were recorded on average for 9 days (±3 days). Overall, average glucose was 105 mg/dL (±16 mg/dL) and average time spent in the 70-180 mg/dL range (TIR) was 93.76%, with nearly 10% of glucose readings in the 141-180 mg/dL range; glycemic fluctuations over the hyperglycemic threshold were detected in four patients. Regular glucose monitoring may be useful to prevent metabolic imbalance and obtain a better outcome.
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