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Aleksic V, Gazibara T, Jeremic B, Gasic S, Dotlic J, Stevanovic J, Arsovic A, Milic M. Associations of night eating with depressive symptoms among health sciences students living in a postconflict region. Bull Menninger Clin 2024; 88:29-47. [PMID: 38527101 DOI: 10.1521/bumc.2024.88.1.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Populations affected by war may experience food insecurity, which could predispose them to eating disorders. A cross-sectional study was conducted among health sciences students in Northern Kosovo from November 2018 to March 2019. Data were collected using the sociodemographic Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). The study sample comprised 534 students. The prevalence of students who had at least mild depression (BDI ≥ 10) was 20.6%. More frequent night eating was consistently associated with a higher EDI score in the total sample as well as in the subgroup of students whose EDI score was ≥ 10. In addition, having poorer sleep quality and having more anxiety symptoms were associated with having stronger depressive symptoms. In a population of health sciences students who live in a post-conflict region, night eating is associated with having stronger depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojkan Aleksic
- PhD student in the Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia. Also teaches in the secondary school for nursing, Cuprija, Serbia, where Biljana Jeremic is a teacher
| | - Tatjana Gazibara
- Institute of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Jeremic
- PhD student in the Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia. Also teaches in the secondary school for nursing, Cuprija, Serbia, where Biljana Jeremic is a teacher
| | - Sanja Gasic
- The Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pristina, temporarily seated in Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia
| | - Jelena Dotlic
- Clinic for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia, and in the Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Stevanovic
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pristina temporarily seated in Kosovska Mitrovica, Mitrovica, Serbia, and the Institute of Public Health of Serbia, "Dr Milan Jovanovic Batut," Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Arsovic
- The Military Medical Academy of the University of Defense, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Milic
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pristina temporarily seated in Kosovska Mitrovica, Mitrovica, Serbia, and the Institute of Public Health of Serbia, "Dr Milan Jovanovic Batut," Belgrade, Serbia
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Jumani S, Osoble A, Ahmed T, Rastegarlari T, Hassan M, Sreedharan J. Prevalence of Depressive Symptoms Among an Undergraduate Health Sciences Student Population: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e43117. [PMID: 37692731 PMCID: PMC10483319 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Undergraduate health sciences students are irrefutably liable to intrapersonal tension that may provoke the almost imperceptible onset and incremental expansion of depressive symptoms. Mental health is often a deplorably neglected topic despite posing as a catalyst in many students' academic demise. Thus, the primary objective of this paper is to provide an insight into a multitude of variables that foster depressive symptoms. In doing so, the scope of subclinical depression that could be hindering a student's academic performance shall be illuminated. METHODOLOGY A cross-sectional study was conducted among health sciences students comprising both genders, any nationality, students 18 years of age or older, and students within their first three years of undergraduate study. The well-established Patient Health Questionnaire-9 was distributed along with a non-standardized questionnaire that inquires about additional risk factors. The chi-square test method was used to associate the dependent and independent variables, and statistical significance was done at p-value ≤ 0.05. FINDINGS It was observed that 34.8% of participants suffer depressive symptoms. Participants' sex and marital status, among many other factors, like age, program and year of study, are found to be statistically insignificant. Conversely, nationality, university-related workload, smoking, alcohol intake and more are noted to be significantly associated with the development of depressive symptoms. ORIGINALITY This study is an original work done by the authors to investigate the prevalence of depressive symptoms among undergraduate health sciences students. The non-standardized questionnaire employed has been reviewed to ensure that it is without discrimination of any gender or biased towards any stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saniya Jumani
- Internal Medicine, Westford University College, Dubai, ARE
| | | | - Tuba Ahmed
- Emergency Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, USA
| | | | - Mariam Hassan
- Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, USA
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Demi R S, Ercan F, Erdoğan E. Depression-related factors in nursing students: A path analysis. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2022; 58:2646-2652. [PMID: 35506744 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.13105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the effect of self-efficacy and automatic thoughts on depression as mediated by anxiety in nursing students. METHODS This was a descriptive study to identify direct and indirect variables that affect depression levels of nursing students and to examine the relationship between independent variables. A total of 477 students from the Nursing Department participated in the study. FINDINGS As a result of the data analysis, the direct effect of self-efficacy and automatic thoughts on depression was found to be significant. The effect of automatic thoughts on depression as mediated by anxiety was significant. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS It is thought that understanding the relationship between these variables will be useful in designing appropriate interventions for university students with depression, especially for nursing students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satı Demi R
- Deparment of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Feride Ercan
- Deparment of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Esra Erdoğan
- Samsun Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, Samsun, Turkey
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Mohammed HM, Soliman SM, Abdelrahman AA, Ibrahim AK. Depressive symptoms and its correlates among medical students in Upper Egypt. MIDDLE EAST CURRENT PSYCHIATRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43045-022-00231-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Medical students are at high risk of developing depressive symptoms rather than their age-matched group as medical education is stressful and medical students have psychological and academic stressors. The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of depressive symptoms and the most important correlates associated with it among Assiut University Medical Students in the academic year 2019–2020. It is a cross sectional study conducted among 766 medical students at Assiut University in the academic year 2019–2020, screening for depressive symptoms was by patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9).
Results
The mean age of students was 21.27 ± 1.9, 55.5% of them have depressive symptoms. Female students had statistically significantly higher percent of depressive symptoms compared with males (58.9% vs 51.2%), there was statistically significant lower mean socio-economic score among students having depressive symptoms compared to students with no depressive symptoms (5.73 ± 2.46 and 6.22 ± 2.5 respectively). Students having depressive symptoms had higher mean scores of stresses. The multivariable regression revealed that younger age of the students (OR = 0.797; p < 0.001), having a chronic disease (OR = 3.174; P = 0.024), lower life satisfaction score (OR = 0.908; p < 0.001), students with higher medical stress score (OR = 3.596, P < 0.001), and high sense of control score (OR = 2.323; p < 0.001) were the significant correlates of depressive symptoms among medical students.
Conclusions
Female gender, low socio-economic status, having chronic disease, presence of family history of either mental illness or depressive symptoms, low satisfaction with life, higher total medical stressors, and low sense of control were the most important correlates of depressive symptoms among medical students.
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Liu XQ, Guo YX, Zhang WJ, Gao WJ. Influencing factors, prediction and prevention of depression in college students: A literature review. World J Psychiatry 2022; 12:860-873. [PMID: 36051603 PMCID: PMC9331452 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v12.i7.860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The high prevalence of depression among college students has a strong negative impact on individual physical and mental health, academic development, and interpersonal communication. This paper reviewed the extant literature by identifying nonpathological factors related to college students' depression, investigating the methods of predicting depression, and exploring nonpharmaceutical interventions for college students' depression. The influencing factors of college students' depression mainly fell into four categories: biological factors, personality and psychological state, college experience, and lifestyle. The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 has exacerbated the severity of depression among college students worldwide and poses grave challenges to the prevention and treatment of depression, given that the coronavirus has spread quickly with high infection rates, and the pandemic has changed the daily routines of college life. To predict and measure mental health, more advanced methods, such as machine algorithms and artificial intelligence, have emerged in recent years apart from the traditional commonly used psychological scales. Regarding nonpharmaceutical prevention measures, both general measures and professional measures for the prevention and treatment of college students' depression were examined in this study. Students who experience depressive disorders need family support and personalized interventions at college, which should also be supplemented by professional interventions such as cognitive behavioral therapy and online therapy. Through this literature review, we insist that the technology of identification, prediction, and prevention of depression among college students based on big data platforms will be extensively used in the future. Higher education institutions should understand the potential risk factors related to college students' depression and make more accurate screening and prevention available with the help of advanced technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Qiao Liu
- School of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yu-Xin Guo
- School of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Wen-Jie Zhang
- Graduate School of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wen-Juan Gao
- Institute of Higher Education, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
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Estructura factorial y datos normativos del Inventario de Depresión de Beck (BDI-II) en población general peruana. ACTA COLOMBIANA DE PSICOLOGIA 2022. [DOI: 10.14718/acp.2022.25.2.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
El objetivo principal de este estudio fue analizar la dimensionalidad del BDI-II, así como demostrar la invarianza según el sexo y construir datos normativos en población general peruana. Para ello, se contó con la participación de 1665 personas (51.83 % mujeres) procedentes de diferentes regiones del Perú (75.92 % de Cajamarca, 11.05 % de Lima, 6.42 % de La Libertad y 2.62 % de Lambayeque), con un rango de edad de 18 a 54 años (M = 24.99; DE = 8.73), a quienes se les administró el BDI-II. Mediante un análisis factorial confirmatorio se probaron catorce modelos basados en estudios previos. Los resultados indicaron que los modelos bifactor y de segundo orden tenían problemas de convergencia, mientras que los bidimensionales y el unifactorial presentaban adecuados índices de ajuste. Se seleccionó el modelo unidimensional debido a su coherencia teórica, pues los creadores del BDI-II señalan que la prueba se debe interpretar de manera global, sumando los 21 ítems, y desaconsejan la interpretación mediante el cálculo de puntajes separados por dimensiones. Incluso, los antecedentes indican que la varianza explicada del segundo factor es muy baja, por lo cual dicha práctica estaría injustificada. Además, los estudios previos han señalado correlaciones interfactoriales muy altas. Finalmente, se demostró invarianza según el sexo, y los datos normativos, calculados mediante percentiles, mostraron que las puntuaciones superiores a 11 serían clínicamente relevantes. En conclusión, el BDI-II muestra buenas propiedades psicométricas en una estructura unidimensional con 21 ítems, la cual es invariante según el sexo y tiene datos normativos adecuados para población general peruana.
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Sotaquirá L, Backhaus I, Sotaquirá P, Pinilla-Roncancio M, González-Uribe C, Bernal R, Galeano JJ, Mejia N, La Torre G, Trujillo-Maza EM, Suárez DE, Duperly J, Ramirez Varela A. Social Capital and Lifestyle Impacts on Mental Health in University Students in Colombia: An Observational Study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:840292. [PMID: 35646771 PMCID: PMC9133883 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.840292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction For young adults, the first year of higher education represents a transition period into adulthood associated with an increased risk of developing depression, anxiety, and stress, contributing to deteriorating physical and mental health. The present study aimed to analyze the relationship between depressive symptoms and social capital and lifestyles among Colombian university students. Methods In 2020, a longitudinal repeated measures study was conducted on first year students at Universidad de los Andes in Bogota, Colombia. The study was conceptualized and approved by the university before the COVID-19 pandemic appeared. Each student completed a self-administered questionnaire including questions on sociodemographic characteristics, depressive symptoms, perceived stress, social capital, and lifestyles. The study's pilot was conducted in November 2019, and the two measurement points were in January 2020 (wave 1, before the COVID-19 pandemic was declared) and in August 2020 (wave 2, during the COVID-19 pandemic). A binary logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the relationship between depressive symptoms, perceived stress, social capital, and lifestyles. Findings A total of 609 first year students (response rate = 58.11%) participated in wave 1, and 42% of the participants showed signs of clinically relevant depressive symptoms. In wave 2, despite the difficulties encountered in collecting data due to the COVID-19 pandemic, 216 students from wave 1 participated (35.47%). An increase in a sedentary lifestyle was observed (31.49%). We found that cognitive and behavioral social capital levels decreased by 12.03 and 24.54%, respectively. In addition, we observed a 6.5% increase in students with clinically relevant depressive symptoms compared to wave 1. A low level of behavioral [OR: 1.88; 95% CI (1.16, 3.04)] social capital was associated with clinically relevant depressive symptoms. Conclusion The health of university students continues to be a public health concern. The study suggests that social capital may play an important role in preventing depressive symptoms. Therefore, universities should put effort into programs that bring students together and promote the creation of social capital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Sotaquirá
- School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Insa Backhaus
- Centre for Health and Society, Institute of Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paula Sotaquirá
- School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | - Raquel Bernal
- School of Economics, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Natalia Mejia
- School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Giuseppe La Torre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - John Duperly
- School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Andrea Ramirez Varela
- School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
- *Correspondence: Andrea Ramirez Varela
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Ith S, Yi S, Tuot S, Yem S, Chhoun P, Jimba M, Shibanuma A. Gender-based violence and depressive symptoms among female entertainment workers in Cambodia: A cross-sectional study. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2:e0000873. [PMID: 36962460 PMCID: PMC10021637 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Female entertainment workers (FEWs) are at higher risk of gender-based violence (GBV) than the general population. The prolonged stress and fear caused by GBV increase the likelihood of depression, a major mental health problem among FEWs. However, their mental health issue has received limited attention and remains poorly researched in the context of GBV. We examined the association between GBV and depressive symptoms among FEWs in Cambodia. We conducted this cross-sectional study in 2017. We used a two-stage cluster random sampling method to select FEWs from the municipality and six provinces for face-to-face interviews. We used the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) to measure depressive symptoms. We conducted a multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify factors associated with depressive symptoms. We included a total of 645 FEWs in data analyses. The proportions of FEWs experiencing emotional, physical, and sexual violence were 36.1%, 11.6%, and 17.2%, respectively. Of the total participants, 65.9% had high levels of depressive symptoms. The adjusted odds of having high levels of depressive symptoms were higher among FEWs who engaged in transactional sex (AOR 1.79, 95% CI 1.09-2.94), experienced emotional abuse (AOR 3.15, 95% CI 1.90-5.23), and experienced two (AOR 7.89, 95% CI 3.28-18.99) and three overlapping types of GBV (AOR 12.12, 95% CI 2.47-59.25) than those who did not. FEWs in this study experienced high levels and overlapping types of GBV associated with high levels of depressive symptoms. Policy interventions and services should be designed to prevent GBV and support the victims of GBV to mitigate depressive symptoms among FEWs in Cambodia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophearen Ith
- Department of Community and Global Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Siyan Yi
- KHANA Center for Population Health Research, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Center for Global Health Research, Touro University California, Vallejo, California, The United States of America
| | - Sovannary Tuot
- Department of Community and Global Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- KHANA Center for Population Health Research, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sokunthea Yem
- National Institute for Public Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Pheak Chhoun
- KHANA Center for Population Health Research, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Masamine Jimba
- Department of Community and Global Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Shibanuma
- Department of Community and Global Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Dessauvagie AS, Dang HM, Nguyen TAT, Groen G. Mental Health of University Students in Southeastern Asia: A Systematic Review. Asia Pac J Public Health 2021; 34:172-181. [PMID: 34798781 PMCID: PMC8978462 DOI: 10.1177/10105395211055545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Mental health in young people is a public health challenge worldwide, with around
one-fifth of university students suffering from a 12-month mental disorder. In
low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) of Southeastern Asia, resources for
mental health are limited and counseling services are not regularly established
at universities. This review aims to determine the prevalence of mental health
problems among university students in six ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian
Nations) countries (Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam)
and to identify the determinants of mental health. A systematic database search
(PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, PubPsych, and Scopus) for peer-reviewed, English
language articles, published 2010-2020, reporting prevalence data based on
standardized screening instruments resulted in 335 articles; 108 were eligible
for full-text analysis, of which 34 could be included in the review. Median
point prevalence was 29.4% for depression, 42.4% for anxiety, 16.4% for stress,
and 13.9% for disordered eating. Current suicidality was present in 7% to 8% of
students. There was a high rate of psychiatric comorbidity. Despite the high
prevalence of mental health problems, the willingness to seek professional help
was comparatively low. Implications for mental health promotion and prevention
in university settings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hoang-Minh Dang
- Center for Research, Information and Service in Psychology (CRISP), VNU University of Education, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi Anh Thu Nguyen
- Department of Educational Psychology, VNUHCM-University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Gunter Groen
- Department of Social Work, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Hamburg, Germany
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Nayak BS, Sahu PK. Socio-demographic and educational factors associated with Depression, Anxiety and Stress among Health Professions students. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2021; 27:848-853. [PMID: 33719750 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2021.1896760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Depression, anxiety and stress are the most prevalent mental health problems among health professions' students. The study was aimed to explore the socio-demographic and educational factors associated with depression, anxiety and stress among health professions' students. Using non-random purposeful sampling, 366 health professions' students studied in 2018/19 were surveyed via a self-reported questionnaire that included Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and questions on sociodemographic and educational characteristics. The majority of respondents were from the School of Medicine (59.8%), with 116 males and 250 females. Sleep duration, communication problems with teaching staff, feelings of inferiority to friends and family problems were determined to be independent predictors of depression in the current study. Communication problems with teaching staff, feelings of inferiority to friends and family problems were important predictors of anxiety. Further, we found that feelings of inferiority to friends and family problems were found to be important risk factors for stress. Our results suggest that the overall prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress among health professions' students were considerably high. All students having a severe mental health issues should be supported by the student counselling centre and expert clinicians in order to confirm the diagnosis and implement subsequent treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Shivananda Nayak
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad
| | - Pradeep Kumar Sahu
- Centre for Medical Sciences Education, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad
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Kundu S, Bakchi J, Al Banna MH, Sayeed A, Hasan MT, Abid MT, Ghosh S, Sarker N, Islam Khan MS. Depressive symptoms associated with loneliness and physical activities among graduate university students in Bangladesh: findings from a cross-sectional pilot study. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06401. [PMID: 33748473 PMCID: PMC7969900 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In low-resource settings like Bangladesh, there is a dearth of research on the mental health of university students. This pilot study aimed to identify the prevalence of depressive symptoms, loneliness, and physical activities as well as the associated factors of depressive symptoms among graduate students in a public university of Bangladesh. This cross-sectional study was carried out among 323 graduate students between February 2019 and May 2019. By the convenience sampling technique, data were collected by a pretested, structured questionnaire. Depressive symptoms were assessed by the validated Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) tool with a cut-off score of ≥10 vs. less; University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) loneliness scale was applied to assess loneliness, International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) scale was used to measure physical activity level. The overall prevalence of depressive symptoms was 52% and about 43% of participants felt most lonely. About 32.8% of students were involved in low physical activity. Being female, from lower income families, having poor academic performance, experiencing shorter sleep time, lower physical activity, and being lonely were potential risk factors for depressive symptoms among graduate university students. A positive correlation was found between loneliness and depressive symptoms of students (r = 0.367, p < 0.001). The higher prevalence of depressive symptoms among Bangladeshi graduate university students suggests the need for situation analysis, confirmatory clinical diagnosis, in-depth qualitative explorations, and large-scale surveys to explore the burden of such disorders and design appropriate low-intensity interventions like implementing student counselling service, offering mental assistance or other mental health support program in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyajit Kundu
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Analysis, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh
| | - Jhantu Bakchi
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Hasan Al Banna
- Department of Food Microbiology, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Sayeed
- Department of Post-Harvest Technology and Marketing, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh
| | - M Tasdik Hasan
- Department of Primary Care & Mental Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Public Health Foundation, Bangladesh (PHF,BD), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Tazrian Abid
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh
| | - Subarna Ghosh
- Department of Public Health Nutrition, Primeasia University, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Nobonita Sarker
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shafiqul Islam Khan
- Department of Food Microbiology, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh
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Bakhtari F, Sarbakhsh P, Daneshvar J, Bhalla D, Nadrian H. Determinants of Depressive Symptoms Among Rural Health Workers: An Application of Socio-Ecological Framework. J Multidiscip Healthc 2020; 13:967-981. [PMID: 33061403 PMCID: PMC7519861 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s255436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess depressive symptoms among rural health workers (RHWs) through a multi-factorial socio-ecological framework (SEF) encompassing personal, interpersonal, organizational and community components. PATIENTS AND METHODS A random sample of 394 RHWs in all rural areas of East Azerbaijan and fulfilling our other inclusion criteria were recruited. The participants underwent the Short-Form Beck's Depression Inventory and a validated researcher-constructed SEF questionnaire, including subscales on personal, interpersonal, organizational and community factors associated with depressive symptoms. Internal consistency and factor structure parameters of the SEF were also calculated. RESULTS A total of 394 RHWs were screened, of whom 170 (43.2%) had mild to major depressive symptoms. Only 6.8% were identified with major depressive symptoms. The SEF-based scale was found to have acceptable content validity (content validity index and ratio were 0.80 and 0.77, respectively) and reliability (Cronbach's alpha=0.7). In the structural equation modeling, the fit indices showed our model to fit the data well (χ 2=14.06, df=14, χ 2/df=1.00, CFI=0.967, RMSEA=0.032). The highest direct contribution to depressive symptoms was found from the personal factors component (β=-2.32). Also, "work load and roles interference" (from organizational level, β=-0.76) and "family/colleague support" (from community level, β=-1.28) made significant direct contributions towards depressive symptoms. Besides the SEF components, female gender (β=1.69), family history of mental illness (β=-1.48), having chronic illnesses (β=-1.64) and being religious (β=3.43) were the strongest direct contributors to depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION Depressive symptoms were common among RHWs, arising from all personal-, interpersonal-, organizational- and community-level factors. Our SEF had adequate internal consistency and factor structure parameters to be applied in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region countries, such as Iran, as a theoretical framework to plan for interventional efforts aiming at preventing depressive symptoms among RHWs. The burden of depressive symptoms should be reduced through multi-factorial interventions and rational perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Bakhtari
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parvin Sarbakhsh
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jalil Daneshvar
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Devender Bhalla
- Pôle Universitaire euclide Intergovernmental UN Treaty 49006/49007, Bangui, Central African Republic
- Iranian Epilepsy Association, Tehran, Iran
| | - Haidar Nadrian
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Akhtar P, Ma L, Waqas A, Naveed S, Li Y, Rahman A, Wang Y. Prevalence of depression among university students in low and middle income countries (LMICs): a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2020; 274:911-919. [PMID: 32664032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.03.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Though university years are peak time for the onset of many mental health problems including depression, knowledge on the prevalence of depressive symptoms among university students in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) is limited. This study examined the prevalence of depressive symptoms among university students in LMICs. METHODS We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, and WHO Global Health Library for studies published between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2018. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies conducted in LMICs (as defined by World Bank), having a sample size≥500 and published in English were identified. Data on study characteristics and prevalence of depressive symptoms was extracted by two investigators. Estimate of prevalence was pooled in meta-analysis using random-effects meta-analysis. Sub-group differences were estimated using mixed-effects meta-analysis and meta-regression. RESULTS Depressive symptoms prevalence data were extracted from 37 studies involving 76,608 individuals in 20 countries. Studies on depression among university students in LMICs were limited, and most were based on non-representative and small study samples. The overall prevalence of depressive symptoms was 24.4% (95% CI, 19.2% -30.5%). Subgroup analysis revealed that the prevalence did not vary by study design, sampling technique, sample size, study major, educational level, economic regions, and screening instrument. LIMITATIONS Only English language studies were included. Included studies were diverse in design, screening tool, and sample size that introduced substantial heterogeneity. CONCLUSION Overall prevalence of depressive symptoms among university students in LMICs was 24.4%, however, finding should be interpreted with caution. Further research is needed to address the issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parveen Akhtar
- Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lu Ma
- Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ahmed Waqas
- Human Development Research Foundation, Pakistan
| | - Sadiq Naveed
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Yixuan Li
- Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Atif Rahman
- Institute of Life and Human Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Youfa Wang
- Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China; Fisher Institute of Health and Well-Being, Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Health, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA..
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Tao S, Wu X, Yang Y, Tao F. The moderating effect of physical activity in the relation between problematic mobile phone use and depression among university students. J Affect Disord 2020; 273:167-172. [PMID: 32421598 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM To examine the moderating effect of physical activity (PA) between problematic mobile phone use (PMPU) and depression in university students. METHODS The sample consisted of 4624 students (55.5% females and 44.5% males) aged 17-25 years old (M=19.91, SD=1.27). Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) were applied to evaluate the state of depression in all participants. The data of PMPU and PA were collected by standardized questionnaires named Self-rating Questionnaire for Adolescent Problematic Mobile Phone Use (SQAPMPU) and International physical activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF). Chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regressions were applied to examine the associations of PMPU and depression, as well as the moderating effects of PA. RESULTS The prevalence of PMPU and depression were 27.5%, 6.1% (PHQ-9 at clinical level) and 25.1% (CES-D≥20), respectively. The relationships between PMPU and depression have been shown in our study. The rates of depression were higher among students with PMPU or low PA. Hierarchical analysis indicated that moderate or high PA was related to a greater decrease in the risk of depression for students with PMPU. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that PA moderates the association between PMPU and depression. Future researches with longitudinal design are warranted. The intervention programs of depression should consider individuals' health behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuman Tao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University; No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Yajuan Yang
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China.
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University; No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
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Parry SJ, Ean N, Sinclair SP, Wilkinson E. Development of mental healthcare in Cambodia: barriers and opportunities. Int J Ment Health Syst 2020; 14:53. [PMID: 32760441 PMCID: PMC7392648 DOI: 10.1186/s13033-020-00385-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the increasing recognition globally of the importance of mental health for sustainable development, significant barriers remain to developing mental health services in low- and middle-income countries. This study explored the particular barriers and opportunities for developing mental health services in Cambodia and how these compared with those described in other low- and middle-income countries. METHODS For this qualitative study, 18 experienced mental health professionals from different disciplines were selected using purposive sampling. Semi-structured interviews were carried out in Phnom Penh and thematic analysis of the data was completed. RESULTS Five key themes were identified: (1) Prioritising mental health in Cambodia, (2) Strengthening collaborations between mental health stakeholders, (3) Developing a mental healthcare model appropriate for the Cambodian culture and context, (4) Increasing the quantity and (5) Improving the quality of mental healthcare. All five themes were referred to by all 18 participants and the two most repeated themes were (2) Strengthening collaborations and (5) Improving the quality of mental healthcare. CONCLUSIONS The themes identified in this study both corroborate previous barriers identified to developing mental health services in low- and middle-income countries and shed new light on opportunities of particular importance in Cambodia. Strengthening collaborations between key stakeholders in mental health and prioritising the quality of mental health education, training and service provision were both cited as being significant opportunities for enhancing the development of mental health services in Cambodia. These have not been widely described before as being important factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Parry
- OMF International (Cambodia), #3, Street 604, Tuol Kork, PO Box 570, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Nil Ean
- Department of Psychology, Royal University of Phnom Penh, #110, Russian Federation Boulevard, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Shirley P. Sinclair
- OMF International (Cambodia), #3, Street 604, Tuol Kork, PO Box 570, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Ewan Wilkinson
- Institute of Medicine, University of Chester, Parkgate Road, Chester, CH1 4BJ UK
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Nezam S, Golwara AK, Jha PC, Khan SA, Singh S, Tanwar AS. Comparison of prevalence of depression among medical, dental, and engineering students in Patna using Beck's Depression Inventory II: A cross-sectional study. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:3005-3009. [PMID: 32984163 PMCID: PMC7491755 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_294_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Depression, a multi-dimensional disorder adversely affects the interpersonal, social and occupational spheres of students’ life. It is the 11th leading cause of global disease burden. Aims and Objectives: To assess the prevalence of depressive symptoms among various professional course students including medical, dental, and engineering students in Patna, Bihar. Materials and Methods: The present investigation was a questionnaire-based cross-sectional descriptive study. A total of 3,100 students attending government and private medical, dental, and engineering colleges in Patna were approached during the course of this study. Students were briefed about the study and questionnaire. BDI-II (Beck's Depression Inventory-II) was administered to the students and they were instructed to fill it. Beck's scores were recorded and a descriptive analysis performed. Results: 2798 students out of 3,100 responded positively to the survey by completely filling out the form. The overall response rate was 90.25%. The overall prevalence of depressive symptoms was found to be 47.78%. Of the three streams, students belonging to the engineering stream (40.28%) showed a maximum prevalence of depressive symptoms followed by dental (38.50%) and medical students (34.74%). Conclusion: Our study showed an alarming prevalence of depression among professional course seeking students. This multi-dimensional disorder continues to affect student's performance and professionalism, thus, extending its negative impact to the community at large. This may carry out later in their lives, thus leaving a long-term negative impact. Considering the high rate of depressive symptoms, establishing a unit or facility to identify or diagnose it at an early stage and providing psychological support to students is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaiya Nezam
- Department of Dentistry, Nalanda Medical College Hospital, Agamkuan Flyover, Sadikpur, Patna, Bihar, India
| | | | - Prakash Chandra Jha
- Department of Dentistry, Nalanda Medical College Hospital, Agamkuan Flyover, Sadikpur, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Shabab Ahmed Khan
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown & Bridge, National Institute of Medical Sciences, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sunita Singh
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Private Practitioner, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Aditi S Tanwar
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Private Practitioner, Patna, Bihar, India
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Backhaus I, Varela AR, Khoo S, Siefken K, Crozier A, Begotaraj E, Fischer F, Wiehn J, Lanning BA, Lin PH, Jang SN, Monteiro LZ, Al-Shamli A, La Torre G, Kawachi I. Associations Between Social Capital and Depressive Symptoms Among College Students in 12 Countries: Results of a Cross-National Study. Front Psychol 2020; 11:644. [PMID: 32411038 PMCID: PMC7201069 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction A mental health crisis has hit university campuses across the world. This study sought to determine the prevalence and social determinants of depressive symptoms among university students in twelve countries. Particular focus was placed on the association between social capital and depressive symptoms. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among students at their first year at university in Europe, Asia, the Western Pacific, and Latin and North America. Data were obtained through a self-administered questionnaire, including questions on sociodemographic characteristics, depressive symptoms, and social capital. The simplified Beck's Depression Inventory was used to measure the severity of depressive symptoms. Social capital was assessed using items drawn from the World Bank Integrated Questionnaire to Measure Social Capital. Multilevel analyses were conducted to determine the relationship between social capital and depressive symptoms, adjusting for individual covariates (e.g., perceived stress) and country-level characteristics (e.g., economic development). Results Among 4228 students, 48% presented clinically relevant depressive symptoms. Lower levels of cognitive (OR: 1.82, 95% CI: 1.44-2.29) and behavioral social capital (OR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.29-1.76) were significantly associated with depressive symptoms. The likelihood of having depressive symptoms was also significantly higher among those living in regions with lower levels of social capital. Conclusion The study demonstrates that lower levels of individual and macro-level social capital contribute to clinically relevant depressive symptoms among university students. Increasing social capital may mitigate depressive symptoms in college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insa Backhaus
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Selina Khoo
- Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Katja Siefken
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Physical Activity, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Faculty of Health Science, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alyson Crozier
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Physical Activity, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Edvaldo Begotaraj
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Florian Fischer
- School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.,Institute of Gerontological Health Services and Nursing Research, Ravensburg-Weingarten University of Applied Sciences, Weingarten, Germany
| | - Jascha Wiehn
- School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.,Institute of Public Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Beth A Lanning
- Department of Public Health, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States
| | - Po-Hsiu Lin
- Graduate Institute of Sports, Leisure and Hospitality Management, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Soong-Nang Jang
- Red Cross College of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Luciana Zaranza Monteiro
- Departamento de Enfermagem, Centro Universitário do Distrito Federal (UDF), Brasília, Brazil.,Departamento de Educação Física e Fisioterapia, Centro Universitário do Distrito Federal (UDF), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Ali Al-Shamli
- Department of Physical Education, Sohar University, Sohar, Oman
| | - Giuseppe La Torre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
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Kılınç G, Aylaz R, Güneş G, Harmancı P. The relationship between depression and loneliness levels of the students at the faculty of health sciences and the factors affecting them. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2020; 56:431-438. [PMID: 31721230 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between the loneliness and depression levels of students studying at Inonu University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Departments of Nursing, Midwifery, Physiotherapy, Audiology and Child Development and the factors that affect these levels. DESIGN AND METHODS This descriptive cross-sectional study which used a socio-demographic information form, the UCLA Loneliness Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory included 1004 students. FINDINGS According to the results of the research, there was a positive relationship between loneliness and depression levels among university students. Class year, family type, place of residence, mother's education level, and economic situation were important indicators of loneliness and depression. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Psychiatric nurses can help students express their psychological difficulties and help them change their behaviors and lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülsen Kılınç
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Rukuye Aylaz
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Gülsen Güneş
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pınar Harmancı
- Çankırı Karatekin University Eldivan Health Services Vocational School, Çankırı, Turkey
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Hossain S, Anjum A, Hasan MT, Uddin ME, Hossain MS, Sikder MT. Self-perception of physical health conditions and its association with depression and anxiety among Bangladeshi university students. J Affect Disord 2020; 263:282-288. [PMID: 31818790 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-perception of physical health conditions is associated with depression and anxiety. Although some recent studies revealed a high prevalence of depression and anxiety among Bangladeshi university students, no study has yet investigated the link between self-perception of physical health and these common psychological disorders. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the association of self-perception of physical health conditions with depression and anxiety among university students in Dhaka, Bangladesh. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted between August and November 2017 among 897 undergraduate students of Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka through face-to-face interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire. Chi-square test and binary logistic regression analysis were used to examine the association between the variables. RESULTS 13.9% of the respondents had poor self-rated health (SRH) and 49.9% had self-rated body image (SRBI) dissatisfaction. 25.6% of the students reported to be overweight/obese whereas 18.7% to be underweight. Poor and moderate SRH was found to be significantly associated with students' depression (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 6.700; 95% CI: 3.821-11.749 and AOR: 2.155; 95% CI: 1.582-2.934) and anxiety (AOR: 4.365; 95% CI: 2.599-7.332 and AOR: 1.776; 95% CI: 1.270-2.484). Furthermore, SRBI dissatisfaction, underweight SRBI, overweight/obese SRBI, low blood pressure and hypertension were also significantly linked with students' depression and anxiety. CONCLUSION Students dissatisfied with their physical health status had higher chances to suffer from depression and anxiety. The findings of this study would create room for further research and could be used to design a comprehensive health program for young students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahadat Hossain
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh; Maternal and Child Health Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68, Shahid Tajuddin Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh.
| | - Afifa Anjum
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - M Tasdik Hasan
- Research Assistant, Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Md Elias Uddin
- Department of English, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shakhaoat Hossain
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Md Tajuddin Sikder
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
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Tuyen NTH, Dat TQ, Nhung HTH. Prevalence of depressive symptoms and its related factors among students at Tra Vinh University, Vietnam in 2018. AIMS Public Health 2019; 6:307-319. [PMID: 31637279 PMCID: PMC6779602 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2019.3.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of depressive symptoms and its related factors among students at Tra Vinh University, Vietnam. Methods The instrument used was a questionnaire of socioeconomic-demographic characteristics, educational characteristics, and the self-reported depression scale collected from the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) originally published by Radloff in 1977. Scores of 16–21 were considered as mild to moderate symptoms of depression, and scores above 21 were considered as symptoms of major depression. The Chi-square test was performed to compare prevalences. Results 405 students (with 136 males and 269 females) aged 19 to 27 (the average age was 20.2) were interviewed. The mean score for the CES-D was 15.98, and the overall prevalence of depressive symptoms was 52.3%, including the mild to moderate symptoms of depression (24.2%) and the major depression (20.7%). The prevalence occupied 72.2% among students in poor and near-poor households (aOR = 3.06, 95% CI = 1.38–6.76, p = 0.006). The prevalence also was higher among those who had been drinking alcohol (59.7% with aOR = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.15–3.53, p = 0.014).). Depressive symptoms among first-year students were 39.9%, and 2nd-year students were 42.5% and tended to increase to 4th-year students (47.1%) with the p-value of 0.019. Conclusion The overall prevalence of depression is relatively high among university students at Tra Vinh University, Vietnam. The prevalencesignificantly associates with characteristics such as household economics, behaviours and number of years studying at university. These results suggest that more attention should be directed to activities to reduce the prevalence of depressive symptoms, especially among students in the final years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Truong Quang Dat
- Department of Public Health, Binh Dinh Medical College, Quy Nhon City, Vietnam
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