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Matiz A, Fabbro F, Crescentini C. Mindfulness Through Storytelling for Mental Health of Primary School Children: Impact on Acceptability and Its Associations with Personality. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2024; 17:1757-1774. [PMID: 38686324 PMCID: PMC11057635 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s441494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Acceptability of mindfulness-based programs (MBPs) in primary school settings seems to represent a critical factor influencing the intervention effects on children's mental health. This study aims at assessing the acceptability of an MBP delivered through the technique of storytelling, as well as identifying which participants' personality characteristics can influence it. Participants and Methods Italian children in grades 3-to-5 (n = 147, 47.6% girls) participated in a 24-session MBP, which included 225 minutes of formal mindfulness practices and was delivered by the pupils' school teachers. Children's personality traits were assessed with the junior Temperament and Character Inventory (jTCI), while their subjective experiences and acceptability of the program were investigated using a survey containing open-ended and closed-ended questions. Results Program acceptability was 2.9 ± 0.7 on a 0-4 scale. Higher jTCI scores of persistence, cooperativeness, and self-transcendence were related to higher ratings in liking the program, finding it useful and engaging themselves in it. Moreover, 57.8% of the children generalized the mindfulness practices in daily life and 93.9% of them declared they would recommend the program to their friends/parents. Five main themes emerged from children's answers on what they learned: "help for difficulties (emotional, mental, and physical)", "calm, relax, tranquility", "resilience, positiveness, personal growth", "self-exploration, interoception", and "attention, concentration, and here-and-now". Conclusion Program acceptability was generally higher than in similar programs in the literature, and children reported personal gains in various areas related to psychological well-being. The study also suggests which children's personality traits should be considered when proposing an MBP in order to improve its acceptability and utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Matiz
- Department of Languages and Literatures, Communication, Education and Society, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Fabbro
- Institute of Mechanical Intelligence, School of Advanced Studies Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristiano Crescentini
- Department of Languages and Literatures, Communication, Education and Society, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- Institute of Mechanical Intelligence, School of Advanced Studies Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
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2
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Pien J, Ali TK, Schlozman S, Jamal A, Bucknor MD, Srinivasan M. Participation in a Physician Creative Writing Community: 15-Year Program Survey Outcomes at an Academic Medical Center. J Gen Intern Med 2024; 39:815-817. [PMID: 38196073 PMCID: PMC11043248 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-023-08595-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Pien
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
| | - Tayyeba K Ali
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Palo Alto Medical Foundation, Sutter Health, Sunnyvale, CA, USA
| | - Sofia Schlozman
- Narrative Medicine Program, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Armaan Jamal
- Stanford Center for Asian Health Research and Education, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Matthew D Bucknor
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Malathi Srinivasan
- Stanford Center for Asian Health Research and Education, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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Paul TK, Reddy Y, Gnanakumar A, England R, Superdock A, Malipeddi D, Wrigley J, Reardon E, Weaver MS, Kaye EC. Narrative medicine interventions for oncology clinicians: a systematic review. Support Care Cancer 2024; 32:241. [PMID: 38512594 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-024-08434-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE As narrative medicine interventions are integrated increasingly into medical practice, growing evidence indicates benefits for healthcare professionals. Presently, the prevalence and impact of narrative medicine interventions in the field of oncology remain unknown. This systematic review synthesizes published data on narrative medicine interventions in oncology and reports current knowledge on feasibility, acceptability, and impact on cancer care professionals. METHODS Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched Ovid Medline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases from inception through February 2024. Eligible articles were published in English and contained original data on feasibility, acceptability, and/or impact of a narrative medicine intervention for oncology professionals. Database searches identified 2614 deduplicated articles, from which 50 articles were identified for full-text assessment and 11 articles met inclusion criteria. Two additional articles were identified through manual review of references. RESULTS Thirteen articles described 12 unique narrative medicine interventions targeting cancer care professionals. All studies described their respective interventions as feasible, acceptable, and impactful for participants. Interventions involved writing, reading, reflection, and other narrative-based strategies. Standardized validated tools evaluated outcomes including burnout, empathy expression, secondary trauma, quality of humanistic care, and well-being. Participants reported appreciation of opportunities for reflection, perspective sharing, and bearing witness, which they perceived to strengthen wellness and community. CONCLUSION Narrative medicine interventions are feasible and acceptable and may bolster oncology clinicians' functioning across domains. Multi-site, prospective, randomized studies are needed to investigate the broader impact of narrative medicine interventions and advance the science of narrative medicine in oncology. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: CRD42022369432.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trisha K Paul
- Department of Oncology, Division of Quality of Life and Palliative Care, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Mail Stop 260, Memphis, TN, USA.
| | | | | | - Rebecca England
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Alexandra Superdock
- Department of Oncology, Division of Quality of Life and Palliative Care, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Mail Stop 260, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Jordan Wrigley
- Department of Oncology, Division of Quality of Life and Palliative Care, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Mail Stop 260, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | | | - Erica C Kaye
- Department of Oncology, Division of Quality of Life and Palliative Care, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Mail Stop 260, Memphis, TN, USA
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Bonk RJ. Restoring trust with a humanistic touch. JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION IN HEALTHCARE 2024:1-3. [PMID: 38511640 DOI: 10.1080/17538068.2024.2329472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
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Mauludina YS, Hoang BL, Wang TY, Jenq CC, Huang CH, Huang CD. Medical students' perceptions of integrating social media into a narrative medicine programme for 5th-year clerkship in Taiwan: a descriptive qualitative study. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2024; 24:300. [PMID: 38500075 PMCID: PMC10949758 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-024-05255-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The growing demands in integrating digital pedagogies in learning (e.g., social media) contribute to disrupting many fields, including the medical humanities education. However, the strengths and barriers behind social media and medical humanities context are blurred and contradictive. We examined the perceptions of integrating social media - Facebook - into a narrative medicine (NM) programme for 5th -year clerkship in Taiwan. METHODS We used purposive sampling to recruit participants. Sixteen medical students (Female/Male: 7/9) participated in four group interviews. Semi-structured focus group interviews were conducted to explore students' perceptions and experiences of the social media integrated into the NM programme. We analysed the data using a descriptive thematic analysis with a team-based approach. Data were managed and coded using ATLAS.ti version 9.0. RESULTS We identified six main themes: (1) Positive experiences of social media integration; (2) Negative experiences of social media integration; (3) Barriers on writing and sharing NM stories in social media; (4) Barriers on reading NM stories in social media; (5) Barriers on reacting contents in social media; (6) Suggestions for future improvement. CONCLUSIONS The study revealed the strengths and barriers from medical students' perceptions, when integrating social media into a NM programme. It is important to match students' experiences, barriers, and perceptions towards learning. Understanding participants' suggestions for future improvement are also crucial. With this knowledge, we might better develop the social media integration systems that achieve our desired outcomes based on the medical humanities education curricula.
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Grants
- CDRPG 3K0011 Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
- CDRPG 3K0011 Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
- CDRPG 3K0011 Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
- CDRPG 3K0011 Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
- CDRPG 3K0011 Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
- CDRPG 3K0011 Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
- MOST 109-2511-H-182-006, MOST 110-2511-H-182-005 Ministry of Science and Technology, ROC
- MOST 109-2511-H-182-006, MOST 110-2511-H-182-005 Ministry of Science and Technology, ROC
- MOST 109-2511-H-182-006, MOST 110-2511-H-182-005 Ministry of Science and Technology, ROC
- MOST 109-2511-H-182-006, MOST 110-2511-H-182-005 Ministry of Science and Technology, ROC
- MOST 109-2511-H-182-006, MOST 110-2511-H-182-005 Ministry of Science and Technology, ROC
- MOST 109-2511-H-182-006, MOST 110-2511-H-182-005 Ministry of Science and Technology, ROC
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosika Septi Mauludina
- Chang Gung Medical Education Research Centre (CGMERC), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Bao Lan Hoang
- Chang Gung Medical Education Research Centre (CGMERC), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Yu Wang
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Chyi Jenq
- Chang Gung Medical Education Research Centre (CGMERC), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Education, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsien Huang
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Da Huang
- Chang Gung Medical Education Research Centre (CGMERC), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Education, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Medical Education Research Centre (CGMERC), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 199 Tun Hua N. Rd, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Tsevat RK, Young P, Zhang E, Baugh S, Pessegueiro AM. Implementation and Evaluation of a Pilot Narrative Medicine Curriculum for Internal Medicine Residents. Cureus 2024; 16:e53396. [PMID: 38435135 PMCID: PMC10908347 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Narrative medicine has been integrated into medical training to enhance competencies such as observation, reflection, and self-care. However, few studies have assessed the impact of a single narrative medicine session using a pre- and post-test study design. The authors of this study sought to implement a pilot narrative medicine curriculum into a large internal medicine residency program and to evaluate its feasibility and impact. Methodology The curriculum consisted of a one-hour reading and writing workshop held during ambulatory academic half-days from 2021 to 2022. Resident participants completed a retrospective pre- and post-workshop survey evaluating their interest and confidence in practicing narrative medicine skills, as well as their beliefs about the impacts of narrative medicine on patient care and provider well-being. Descriptive statistics evaluated pre- and post-workshop differences using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on postgraduate year, residency track, and workshop setting. Additionally, participants completed open-ended questions that were analyzed qualitatively. Results Of 218 resident participants, 152 (69.7%) completed the post-session survey. Participants noted significantly higher levels of confidence and interest in listening to patient stories, analyzing literary texts, and engaging in reflective writing after the workshop. They also expressed significantly higher levels of agreement that engaging in literary analysis and reflective writing could improve patient care, reduce provider burnout, and strengthen connectedness with colleagues. Qualitative analysis demonstrated that participants found the sessions to be worthwhile and appreciated how narrative medicine could enhance their medical practice. Conclusions Incorporating a brief narrative medicine curriculum into an internal medicine residency program is both feasible and valuable. A single narrative medicine session was practical and well-received by residents, as it promoted self-reflection, observational skills, and connection with colleagues. Future workshops should be customized for different training levels and residency tracks, and additional studies should evaluate whether the outcomes persist over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca K Tsevat
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, University of California, Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine-Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA
- National Clinician Scholars Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Peter Young
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, University of California, Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Eunice Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, University of California, Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA
- Department of Medicine, West Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Samuel Baugh
- Department of Statistics, Penn State University, University Park, USA
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Antonio M Pessegueiro
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, University of California, Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA
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Li Y, Lin M, Lin X, Chen Q, Wang F, Chen W, Huang F. Development and psychometric testing of the narrative nursing teaching effectiveness scale: A methodological study. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2024; 133:106060. [PMID: 38065014 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2023.106060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Narrative teaching is widely used in nursing education. However, there is currently a lack of valid and reliable tool to assess the effectiveness of narrative nursing teaching from the perspective of nursing students. OBJECTIVES This study developed a Narrative Nursing Teaching Effectiveness (NNTE) scale and evaluated its psychometric properties. DESIGN A methodological design was used to develop and validate the instrument. SETTINGS The study took place at a university in southern China. PARTICIPANTS The study involved 283 nursing students enrolled at a medical university in Fujian Province, China. METHODS The researchers conducted literature reviews, held focus groups and individual interviews, and utilized the Delphi method to create a pool of indicators for a narrative nursing teaching evaluation system. A pretest was administered to 150 nursing students. Next, the primary study involved 283 nursing students, chosen through cluster sampling, completed a general information questionnaire along with the NNTE scale. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0, Mplus 6.1, and STATA 16.0, and included general statistical analysis, critical test theory, and item response theory analyses. RESULTS The researchers created a 42-item scale with four subdomains, explaining 60.32 % of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis proved the four-factor model's validity. Cronbach's alpha values for the four subscales ranged from 0.869 to 0.949. The average content validity index of the scale was 0.923 and the item content validity index ranged from 0.872 to 1. In addition, all item characteristic curves displayed desirable shapes, and the test information functions provided precise information. CONCLUSIONS The NNTE scale exhibits good psychometric properties, providing a scientifically sound and effective instrument to evaluate the effectiveness of the narrative nursing teaching approach to nursing education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglin Li
- School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Meilian Lin
- School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; School of Nursing, Minjiang Normal College, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiujing Lin
- School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qiuhong Chen
- School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fangfang Wang
- School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weiti Chen
- School of Nursing, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Feifei Huang
- School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
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Guthrie E, Charon R. Disability and narrative medicine: Challenges and opportunities. Dev Med Child Neurol 2024; 66:149-154. [PMID: 37390126 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite decades of international entreaties for improvement, education about and provision of healthcare for people with disabilities remains harmfully inferior to that of the non-disabled population. Many obstacles confound efforts to ameliorate this inequity, perhaps the most pernicious of which is negative bias on the part of providers. Narrative medicine offers a means to address healthcare attitudes towards people with disabilities, in particular negative attitudes based on 'ableism'. Through absorbing, writing, and sharing of diverse perspectives, narrative medicine kindles imagination and empathy, promoting self-reflection. This approach enriches the students' capacity to absorb what their patients are trying to say, and to appreciate, respect, and hopefully meet the healthcare needs of people with disability. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: Narrative medicine is a pedagogical tool to help providers listen and reflect on patients with disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Guthrie
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rita Charon
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Ma H, Yuan X, Sun X, Lawson G, Wang Q. Seeing Your Stories: Visualization for Narrative Medicine. HEALTH DATA SCIENCE 2024; 4:0103. [PMID: 38486622 PMCID: PMC10880175 DOI: 10.34133/hds.0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Importance: Narrative medicine (NM), in which patient stories play a crucial role in their diagnosis and treatment, can potentially support a more holistic approach to patient care than traditional scientific ones. However, there are some challenges in the implementation of narrative medicine, for example, differences in understanding illnesses between physicians and patients and physicians' increased workloads and overloaded schedules. This paper first presents a review to explore previous visualization research for narrative medicine to bridge the gap between visualization researchers and narrative medicine experts and explore further visualization opportunities. Highlights: The review is conducted from 2 perspectives: (a) the contexts and domains in which visualization has been explored for narrative medicine and (b) the forms and solutions applied in these studies. Four applied domains are defined, including understanding patients from narrative records, medical communication, medical conversation training in education, and psychotherapy and emotional wellness enhancement. Conclusions: A future work framework illustrates some opportunities for future research, including groups of specific directions and future points for the 4 domains and 3 technological exploration opportunities (combination of narrative and medical data visualization, task-audience-based visual storytelling, and user-centered interactive visualization). Specifically, 3 directions of future work in medical communication (asynchronous online physician-patient communication, synchronous face-to-face medical conversation, and medical knowledge dissemination) were concluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Ma
- Faculty of Science and Engineering,
University of Nottingham, Ningbo 315100, China
- Digital Art Department,
Art & Design Technology Institute, Suzhou 215104, China
| | - Xiaoru Yuan
- National Key Laboratory of General Artificial Intelligence and School of Intelligence Science and Technology,
Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Health Data Visualization and Visual Analytics Research Center, National Institute of Health Data Science at PKU, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xu Sun
- Faculty of Science and Engineering,
University of Nottingham, Ningbo 315100, China
- Nottingham Ningbo China Beacons of Excellence Research and Innovation Institute,
University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Glyn Lawson
- Human Factors Research Group, Faculty of Engineering,
University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Qingfeng Wang
- Nottingham University Business School China,
University of Nottingham, Ningbo 315100, China
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Florijn BW, Kloppenborg R, Kaptein AA, Bloem BR. Narrative medicine pinpoints loss of autonomy and stigma in Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:152. [PMID: 37914740 PMCID: PMC10620172 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00593-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease characteristics can create a self-perceived sense of stigmatization and disapproval by others, thereby affecting self-perceived autonomy. This study investigated the metaphors related to the loss of autonomy and stigma in stories and drawings of Parkinson's disease. We compare a contemporary first-person illness narrative and -drawing from a person with Parkinson's disease, with two novels (Jonathan Franzen's The Corrections and Claudia Piñeiro's Elena Knows), a graphic novel (Peter Dunlap-Shohl's My Degeneration: A Journey Through Parkinson's), a non-fiction book (Oliver Sacks' Awakenings) and a first-person illness narrative (John Palfreman's The Bright Side of Parkinson's). Metaphors in the patient narrative, novels, and non-fiction work were reviewed and a list of themes or categorizations common to 2 of the metaphors was generated. Parkinson's disease metaphors indicate a 'Parkinson's prism' thereby depicting extreme experiences (24.4%) like a 'fall by mischance', a 'tantrum of selfish misery' or a 'bottomless darkness and unreality' (Table 1). Both novels signify a sense of 'betrayal and disconnection' in the Parkinson's disease experience while non-fiction of Parkinsonism depicts a space in which one feels 'caged and deprived'. This makes the Parkinson's disease narrative a chaos story that could influence the decision to initiate treatment and treatment adherence. We conclude that narrative medicine can help to focus the medical consultations with affected individuals on issues that matter most to them, thereby improving self-perceived autonomy and stigma. As such, it is a critical component of the much-needed move towards personalized medicine in Parkinson's disease, achieved through the reciprocity of thinking with stories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barend W Florijn
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
- Department of Neurology, Hague Medical Center Westeinde, The Hague, the Netherlands.
- Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Raoul Kloppenborg
- Department of Neurology, Hague Medical Center Westeinde, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Ad A Kaptein
- Department of Medical Psychology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan R Bloem
- Radboud University Medical Center; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour; Department of Neurology, Center of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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11
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Consorti F, Fiorucci S, Martucci G, Lai S. Graphic Novels and Comics in Undergraduate and Graduate Medical Students Education: A Scoping Review. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2023; 13:2262-2275. [PMID: 37887161 PMCID: PMC10606189 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe13100160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing use of graphic novels and comics (GnCs) in medical education, especially-but not only-to provide students with a vicarious learning experience in some areas of clinical medicine (palliative care, difficult communication, and rare diseases). This scoping review aimed to answer questions about how GnCs are used, the theories underlying their use, and the learning outcomes. Twenty-nine articles were selected from bibliographic databases and analyzed. A thematic analysis revealed four many themes: learning outcomes, students' reactions, theories and methods, and use of GnCs as vicarious learning. GnCs can support the achievement of cognitive outcomes, as well as soft skills and professionalism. The reactions were engagement and amusement, but drawing comics was also perceived as a protected space to express concerns. GnCs proved to be a possible way to provide a vicarious experience for learning. We found two classes of theories on the use of GnCs: psychological theories based on the dual concurrent coding of text and images and semiotics theories on the interpretation of signs. All the studies but two were single arm and observational, quantitative, qualitative, or mixed. These results suggest that further high-quality research on the use of GnC in medical training is worthwhile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Consorti
- Department of General Surgery, University Sapienza of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Silvia Lai
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, University Sapienza of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
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Irfan B, Yasin I, Yaqoob A. Navigating Digital Dermatology: An Analysis of Acne-Related Content on TikTok. Cureus 2023; 15:e45226. [PMID: 37842481 PMCID: PMC10576439 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background With TikTok's rising popularity as a hub for health information dissemination, the quality and nature of such content require assessment. This study investigates the popularity and quality of the top 100 most-liked videos tagged with "#acne" on TikTok. This study aims to examine the engagement and quality of acne-related content on TikTok, assess contributions from diverse sources, including physicians and non-physicians, and guide healthcare professionals in leveraging this platform for public health education. Methodology A cross-sectional analysis of the top 100 most-liked videos tagged with "#acne" on TikTok as of June 7, 2023, was conducted. Parameters assessed included the profession of the creator, gender, specialty, content type, and other observable characteristics. The quality was measured using the DISCERN tool. Results Of the dataset, 38 videos were by physicians and 29 by non-physicians. Physician-created content had higher mean views, likes, comments, shares, and favorites than non-physician-created content. Videos by dermatologists and non-dermatologists received similar engagement. Videos sharing personal experiences achieved the highest DISCERN score. Overall, DISCERN scores were uniformly low across all categories. Conclusions Physicians, especially dermatologists, are trusted sources of acne-related information on TikTok. The study underscores the need for professionals to provide reliable, evidence-based information on such platforms, guiding effective health communication in the digital age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Irfan
- Microbiology & Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Ihsaan Yasin
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
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13
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Leijenaar E, Eijkelboom C, Milota M. "An invitation to think differently": a narrative medicine intervention using books and films to stimulate medical students' reflection and patient-centeredness. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 23:568. [PMID: 37563708 PMCID: PMC10416442 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04492-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Narrative medicine purports to improve medical students' communication skills, self-reflection, empathy and professional development. These interpersonal skills and attitudes can facilitate more patient-centered care and positively impact patients' treatment outcomes. However, current studies report mainly on small study populations, leaving the efficacy of narrative medicine in larger study groups unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate a mandatory narrative medicine lesson in a large sample of medical students. We assessed if this narrative medicine lesson stimulated meaningful self-reflection on patient-centeredness in medical students. METHODS All fourth-year medical students of a Dutch medical school participated in this mandatory narrative medicine lesson. The four-step activity consisted of an introductory lecture, close reading and watching of a book and film, a discussion group and a short reflective writing exercise. Students were divided over three thematic pairings (or book and film combinations): 'The doctor as a patient,' 'The mysterious brain,' and 'Until death do us part.' A mixed-methods design was used. First, we qualitatively analyzed the content of 203 essays from the reflective writing exercise. A quantitative analysis of the reflective quality was conducted using a scoring-system based on the REFLECT rubric. RESULTS Students demonstrated reflection on a professional level and connected this to future intentions as medical practitioners, for example to use specific communication strategies or to deliver healthcare in a broader sense. They also reflected on a personal level by questioning their own worldview or beliefs. Furthermore, they stressed the importance of individual patient stories to gain understaning of patients' perspectives. Approximately half of the students showed an in-depth and authentic reflection, according to the REFLECT rubric. Additionally, reflection levels differed between book and film pairings. CONCLUSIONS This study supports the value of narrative medicine in the medical curriculum by validating its outcomes in a larger study population and in a mandatory course. Students reflected on themes related to the principles of patient-centeredness, namely personal attitudes towards patients and the uniqueness of patient stories. In additon, the majority of students demonstrated higher levels of reflection, which suggests that this exercise contributes to self-awareness and self-reflection, important qualities for delivering patient-centered healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsemarijn Leijenaar
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Charlotte Eijkelboom
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Megan Milota
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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14
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Malik Z, Ahn J, Schwartz A, Blackie M. Narrative medicine workshops for emergency medicine residents: Effects on empathy and burnout. AEM EDUCATION AND TRAINING 2023; 7:e10895. [PMID: 37485471 PMCID: PMC10357272 DOI: 10.1002/aet2.10895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Background Emergency medicine (EM) residents face unique affective challenges and barriers to interpersonal connection in their clinical environment which may contribute to decreased empathy and increased burnout. Narrative medicine (NM) might address these barriers and has had beneficial impacts in various populations but has never been studied in EM residents. In this study, we sought to evaluate the effect of NM workshops on burnout and empathy and to assess resident perceptions of the workshops. Methods We performed a quasi-experimental study at two EM residencies from June to October 2020. Residents at the intervention site participated in two NM workshops led by EM faculty that were composed of a close reading of a literary text, reflective writing, and group discussion. Residents were asked to complete the abbreviated Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) and a single-item burnout measure pre- and postintervention. We fitted linear regression models to IRI subscores; we treated burnout as an ordinal variable and fitted a conditional logistic regression model. Residents completed a postintervention survey that we analyzed using summary statistics. Results A total of 46.7% of control (28/60) and 100% of intervention (48/48) residents responded (n = 76). While all respondents demonstrated worsening burnout with time (p = 0.001), residents at the intervention site exhibited less severe increases (interaction p < 0.001). Empathy remained unchanged. A total of 50% of intervention residents (24/48) responded to the postintervention survey; most (n = 20, 83.3%) agreed that the workshops should be a standard part of EM didactics. Conclusions These findings establish the feasibility and desirability of NM in residency education and offers a model for EM-centered narrative workshops. Additionally, while our outcomes are limited, we found that exposure to an NM curriculum may be protective against worsening burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zayir Malik
- Department of Emergency MedicineBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - James Ahn
- Section of Emergency Medicine in the Department of MedicineUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Alan Schwartz
- Department of Medical EducationUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Michael Blackie
- Department of Medical EducationUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
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15
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Rivest J, Karazivan P, Desbeaumes Jodoin V, Flora L, Lambert C, Tranulis C, Daneault S. Listening to Cancer Patients' Narratives During Residency: A Pilot Study on a Communication Skills' Workshop Involving Patients-Partners. J Patient Exp 2023; 10:23743735231183674. [PMID: 37441277 PMCID: PMC10334025 DOI: 10.1177/23743735231183674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of cancer care still lacks best practices in communication. Few postgraduate training programs offer formal training to develop such skills. The patient partnership has been used in medical education to increase the sensitivity of the subjective experiences of patients. In our Canadian center, residents and patient-partners participated in an educational workshop on communication focusing on patient's narrative. The aim of this pilot qualitative study was to explore the experiences of participants in the workshop. Using theoretical sampling, we recruited 6 residents and 6 patient-partners. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and transcribed. A thematic analysis was performed. From analysis, 4 themes emerged: (1) lack of communication skills training; (2) barriers to effective communication in cancer care; (3) the empathy of patient-partners towards the communication challenges faced by residents; and (4) the participants' reactions to the workshop. Based on our findings, our communication skills workshop centered on narrative medicine and involving patient-partners appears feasible. Future research could study its pedagogical value and the optimal learning environment required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacynthe Rivest
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre
Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre
Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada
| | - Philippe Karazivan
- Department of Family Medicine,
University of Montreal Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, Canada
- Center of Excellence for Partnership
with Patients and the Public, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Véronique Desbeaumes Jodoin
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre
Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre
Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada
| | - Luigi Flora
- Center of Excellence for Partnership
with Patients and the Public, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Innovation Center for partnership with
patients and the public, Côte d’Azur University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Carole Lambert
- Centre de Recherche du Centre
Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology,
University of Montreal Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Constantin Tranulis
- Institut universitaire en santé mentale
de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Serge Daneault
- Department of Family Medicine,
University of Montreal Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut
universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
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Abstract
Perioperative medicine remains an evolving, interdisciplinary subspecialty, which encompasses the unique perspectives and incorporates the respective vital expertise of numerous stakeholders. This integrated model of perioperative medicine and care has a wide-ranging set of clinical, strategic, and operational goals. Among these various programmatic goals, a subset of 4, specific, interdependent goals include (1) enhancing patient-centered care, (2) embracing shared decision-making, (3) optimizing health literacy, and (4) avoiding futile surgery. Achieving and sustaining this subset of 4 goals requires continued innovative approaches to perioperative care. The burgeoning field of narrative medicine represents 1 such innovative approach to perioperative care. Narrative medicine is considered the most prominent recent development in the medical humanities. Its central tenet is that attention to narrative-in the form of the patient's story, the clinician's story, or a story constructed together by the patient and clinician-is essential for optimal patient care. If we can view the health care experience through the patient's eyes, we will become more responsive to patients' needs and, thereby, better clinicians. There is a potential clinical nexus between the perioperative medicine practice and narrative medicine skills, which, if capitalized, can maximize perioperative patient care. There are a number of untapped educational and research opportunities in this fruitful nexus between perioperative medicine and narrative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R Vetter
- From the Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care, Dell Medical School at the University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
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17
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Ting JJQ, Phua GLG, Hong DZ, Lam BKY, Lim AJS, Chong EJX, Pisupati A, Tan R, Yeo JYH, Koh YZ, Quek CWN, Lim JY, Tay KT, Ong YT, Chiam M, Zhou JX, Mason S, Wijaya L, Krishna LKR. Evidence-guided approach to portfolio-guided teaching and assessing communications, ethics and professionalism for medical students and physicians: a systematic scoping review. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e067048. [PMID: 36977542 PMCID: PMC10069516 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Guiding the development of longitudinal competencies in communication, ethics and professionalism underlines the role of portfolios to capture and evaluate the multiple multisource appraisals and direct personalised support to clinicians. However, a common approach to these combined portfolios continues to elude medical practice. A systematic scoping review is proposed to map portfolio use in training and assessments of ethics, communication and professionalism competencies particularly in its inculcation of new values, beliefs and principles changes attitudes, thinking and practice while nurturing professional identity formation. It is posited that effective structuring of portfolios can promote self-directed learning, personalised assessment and appropriate support of professional identity formation. DESIGN Krishna's Systematic Evidence-Based Approach (SEBA) is employed to guide this systematic scoping review of portfolio use in communication, ethics and professionalism training and assessment. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, ERIC, Scopus and Google Scholar databases. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Articles published between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2020 were included. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS The included articles are concurrently content and thematically analysed using the split approach. Overlapping categories and themes identified are combined using the jigsaw perspective. The themes/categories are compared with the summaries of the included articles in the funnelling process to ensure their accuracy. The domains identified form the framework for the discussion. RESULTS 12 300 abstracts were reviewed, 946 full-text articles were evaluated and 82 articles were analysed, and the four domains identified were indications, content, design, and strengths and limitations. CONCLUSIONS This review reveals that when using a consistent framework, accepted endpoints and outcome measures, longitudinal multisource, multimodal assessment data fashions professional and personal development and enhances identity construction. Future studies into effective assessment tools and support mechanisms are required if portfolio use is to be maximised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelin Jia Qi Ting
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gillian Li Gek Phua
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Lien Centre for Palliative Care, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Daniel Zhihao Hong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bertrand Kai Yang Lam
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Annabelle Jia Sing Lim
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eleanor Jia Xin Chong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anushka Pisupati
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rei Tan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jocelyn Yi Huang Yeo
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yi Zhe Koh
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chrystie Wan Ning Quek
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jia Yin Lim
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kuang Teck Tay
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yun Ting Ong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Min Chiam
- Division of Cancer Education, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jamie Xuelian Zhou
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Lien Centre for Palliative Care, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Stephen Mason
- Palliative Care Institute Liverpool, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Limin Wijaya
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Lalit Kumar Radha Krishna
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Cancer Education, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Palliative Care Institute Liverpool, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
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Kaptein AA. Torn between two lovers - on being a psychologist in a university medical centre. Health Psychol Behav Med 2023; 11:2170379. [PMID: 36733298 PMCID: PMC9888463 DOI: 10.1080/21642850.2023.2170379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Psychology as applied to health and illness has a relatively short history. Nevertheless, that history shows a rapid development of the theoretical models that guide the field over the past 60 years. Core theoretical approaches are concisely reviewed, in the context of Kaplan's paper 'Behavior as the central outcome in health care' (1990), which is used as a model to examine the extent to which these approaches embrace Kaplan's notions. Advances Empirical studies from the health psychology domain are used, which demonstrate the gains in terms of quality of life and behavioural outcomes in patients with (chronic) somatic diseases. Over a period of some 60 years, theoretical models and core concepts in psychology as applied to health and illness have evolved from psychosomatic views to neuropsychology, quality of life, patient education, self-management, illness perceptions, patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), shared decision-making (SDM) and health humanities (HH). The more recent models (SDM, HH) appear to align to a considerable degree with adopting 'behavior as the central outcome an outcome in health care'; shared decision-making and health humanities focus on encouraging patients to make sense of and give meaning to their illness in order to attain optimal psychosocial adjustment. Conclusions In addition to 'behavior as the central outcome in health care', a new definition of the concept of health (i.e. 'the ability to adapt and to self-manage' - Huber et al., 2011) seems to favour patients, healthcare providers, society, and health psychology. Incorporating this concept into medical care may be viewed as a challenge for health psychologists - and as a source of continual struggle with strong biomedical forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ad A. Kaptein
- Medical Psychology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands, Ad A. Kaptein Medical Psychology, Leiden University Medical Centre, PO Box 9600, Leiden2300, The Netherlands
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19
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Rapp L, Vergnes JN. Commentary on "The Lipstick". ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2023; 98:203. [PMID: 36696299 DOI: 10.1097/01.acm.0000919436.91549.e5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Rapp
- L. Rapp is a PhD student, Maintain Aging Research team, and researcher, INSERM Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health Research, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, member, Cancer Ageing and Rejuvenation (CARe) Graduate School, and doctor of dental surgery, Conservative and Restorative Dentistry Department, Geriatric Dentistry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; ; ORCID: 0000-0003-0908-694X
| | - Jean-Noel Vergnes
- J.-N. Vergnes is full professor, Maintain Aging Research team, INSERM Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health Research, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France, and adjunct professor, Oral Health and Society Division, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Twitter: @JnVergnes; ORCID: 0000-0001-7322-6551
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20
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Xue M, Sun H, Xue J, Zhou J, Qu J, Ji S, Bu Y, Liu Y. Narrative medicine as a teaching strategy for nursing students to developing professionalism, empathy and humanistic caring ability: a randomized controlled trial. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 23:38. [PMID: 36653810 PMCID: PMC9850682 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04026-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Narrative medicine has become a solution to cultivate medical students' ability of empathy and humanistic care. However, the role of narrative medicine is lacking in the study of professionalism. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of narrative medical theory learning and narrative writing on professionalism, empathy and humanistic care ability of nursing students. METHODS This cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted between June 2021 and June 2022 in two universities in Jiangsu, China. The participants of this study were 85 nursing students who were randomly divided into the intervention group (n = 43) or the control group (n = 42). Participants in the intervention group were trained in narrative medical theory learning and narrative writing based on a Web-based platform, while those in the control group were not. Self-report questionnaires of professionalism, empathy and humanistic care ability were used before and after intervention. RESULTS The results showed that the professionalism score of the intervention group was (68.7 ± 6.8 vs. 64.5 ± 7.5; P = 0.005), empathy (99.4 ± 15.7 vs. 92.2 ± 14.6; P = 0.014) and humanistic care ability (127.6 ± 20.0 vs. 113.3 ± 18.8; P = 0.004) were better than the control group. CONCLUSION The results of this quantitative study suggest that narrative medical theory education and narrative writing based on the network platform can promote the development of professionalism, empathy and humanistic care ability of nursing undergraduates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxin Xue
- School of Nursing and Public Health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Huiping Sun
- School of Nursing and Public Health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jin Xue
- Guangling College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jingxin Zhou
- School of Nursing and Public Health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Junchao Qu
- School of Nursing and Public Health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Siqi Ji
- School of Nursing and Public Health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuan Bu
- School of Nursing and Public Health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yongbing Liu
- School of Nursing and Public Health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
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21
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Coronado-Vázquez V, Antón-Rodríguez C, Gómez-Salgado J, Ramírez-Durán MDV, Álvarez-Montero S. Evaluation of learning outcomes of humanities curricula in medical students. A meta-review of narrative and systematic reviews. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1145889. [PMID: 37138737 PMCID: PMC10150636 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1145889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To assess the expected learning outcomes of medical humanities subjects in medical studies curricula. To connect those expected learning outcomes with the types of knowledge to be acquired in medical education. Methods Meta-review of systematic and narrative reviews. Cochrane Library, MEDLINE (Pubmed), Embase, CINAHL, and ERIC were searched. In addition, references from all the included studies were revised, and the ISI Web of Science and DARE were searched. Results A total of 364 articles were identified, of which six were finally included in the review. Learning outcomes describe the acquisition of knowledge and skills to improve the relationship with patients, as well as the incorporation of tools to reduce burnout and promote professionalism. Programs that focus on teaching humanities promote diagnostic observation skills, the ability to cope with uncertainty in clinical practice, and the development of empathetic behaviors. Conclusion The results of this review show heterogeneity in the teaching of medical humanities, both in terms of content and at the formal level. Humanities learning outcomes are part of the necessary knowledge for good clinical practice. Consequently, the epistemological approach provides a valid argument for including the humanities in medical curricula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valle Coronado-Vázquez
- B21-20R Group, Instituto Aragonés de Investigaciones Sanitarias, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Las Cortes Health Centre, Madrid Health Service, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Juan Gómez-Salgado
- Department of Sociology, Social Work and Public Health, Faculty of Labour Sciences, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
- Safety and Health Postgraduate Program, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Guayaquil, Ecuador
- *Correspondence: Juan Gómez-Salgado,
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Wang ML, Britton OJ, Beard J. The call for science communication and public scholarship. Transl Behav Med 2022; 13:156-159. [PMID: 36525596 PMCID: PMC10068900 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibac096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lay Summary
This commentary calls for a collective shift in the sciences and academia to prioritize and invest in communicating research in ways that are engaging, relevant, and accessible to public audiences. We provide the context and rationale for increasing and enhancing science communication, and identify barriers that prevent health researchers, educators, and practitioners from engaging with the public. Academic institutions need to develop and implement policies that encourage and support science communication and public scholarship initiatives that are sustainable and scalable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica L Wang
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health , Boston, MA , USA
- Office of Narrative, Boston University Center for Antiracist Research , Boston, MA , USA
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Olivia J Britton
- Office of Narrative, Boston University Center for Antiracist Research , Boston, MA , USA
- Department of Political Science, Boston University School of Graduate Arts and Sciences , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Jennifer Beard
- Office of Narrative, Boston University Center for Antiracist Research , Boston, MA , USA
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health , Boston, MA , USA
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23
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Fleishman R, McAdams RM, Carter BS, Gautham KS. Narrative neonatology: integrating narrative medicine into the neonatal intensive care unit. J Perinatol 2022:10.1038/s41372-022-01565-5. [PMID: 36414736 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-022-01565-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Fleishman
- Department of Pediatrics, Einstein Medical Center Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Ryan M McAdams
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Brian S Carter
- Department of Medical Humanities & Bioethics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Kanekal S Gautham
- Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, FL, USA
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24
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Fung OW, Ying Y. Twelve tips to center social accountability in undergraduate medical education. MEDICAL TEACHER 2022; 44:1214-1220. [PMID: 34294021 DOI: 10.1080/0142159x.2021.1948983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As the intersections of social identities and health become increasingly evident, the need for medical schools to center their education on social accountability becomes critical. Medical schools have a responsibility to direct their curriculum to ensure graduates become competent physicians in identifying and intervening for their community's needs. These topics have historically been taught in a didactic fashion, but there lacks adequate translation of this teaching style to clinical and community health advocacy. Active learning strategies must be used to engage students to critically think and act on the inter-relationships of social issues and health. We provide 12 recommendations to optimize medical education to effectively immerse students in social accountability through the use of experiential learning within a spiral curriculum. These recommendations are based on reviews of the literature and an environmental scan of curricular activities across Canadian medical schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver W Fung
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Yvonne Ying
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Surgery, CHEO, Ottawa, Canada
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Zohura F, Thomas ED, Masud J, Bhuyian MSI, Parvin T, Monira S, Faruque ASG, Alam M, George CM. Formative Research for the Development of the CHoBI7 Cholera Rapid Response Program for Cholera Hotspots in Bangladesh. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13352. [PMID: 36293930 PMCID: PMC9603179 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cholera is a severe form of acute watery diarrhea that if left untreated can result in death. Globally, there are 2.9 million cholera cases annually. Individuals living in close proximity to cholera cases are at a higher risk for developing cholera compared to the general population. Targeted water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions have the potential to reduce cholera transmission in cholera hotspots around cholera cases. The objective of this study was to expand the scope of the Cholera-Hospital-Based-Intervention-for-7-Days (CHoBI7) program, focused on cholera patient households, for delivery in cholera hotspots in urban slums in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Thirty-one semi-structured interviews were conducted in cholera hotspots around cholera patients, and three intervention planning workshops were conducted to inform modifications needed to the CHoBI7 program. After exploratory interviews, a two-phase, iterative pilot study was conducted for 9 months to test the developed CHoBI7 Cholera Rapid Response program among 180 participants to further inform modifications to intervention content and delivery. Findings from pilot participant interviews highlighted the need to adapt intervention content for delivery at the compound-rather than household-level, given an environment with multiple households sharing a water source, toilets, and kitchen facilities. This was addressed by conducting a "ring session" for intervention delivery in cholera hotspots for households to discuss how to improve their shared facilities together and encourage a compound-level commitment to promoted WASH behaviors and placement of soapy water bottles in shared spaces. Based on the low number of soapy water bottles observed in communal spaces during the first iteration of the pilot, we also added context-specific examples using the narratives of families in mobile messages to encourage WASH behavioral recommendations. Formative research identified important considerations for the modifications needed to tailor the CHoBI7 program for delivery in cholera hotspots in urban Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatema Zohura
- Research, Training and Management International, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, icddr,b, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Elizabeth D. Thomas
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jahed Masud
- Research, Training and Management International, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, icddr,b, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Md Sazzadul Islam Bhuyian
- Research, Training and Management International, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, icddr,b, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Tahmina Parvin
- Research, Training and Management International, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, icddr,b, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Shirajum Monira
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, icddr,b, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Abu S. G. Faruque
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, icddr,b, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Munirul Alam
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, icddr,b, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Christine Marie George
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Chesi P, Mencacci C, Balestrieri M, Pompili M, Varia S, Sagripanti U, Reale L, Marini MG. Multicentre narrative research on major depression to integrate the experiences of patients, their caregivers and healthcare providers in Italy. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e052744. [PMID: 36216417 PMCID: PMC9557264 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This research aimed to investigate the experience of major depression by integrating the perspectives of patients, caregivers and healthcare providers through narrative-based medicine (NBM) to provide new insights to improve care relationships. DESIGN AND SETTING The research was conducted in 2019 and involved five Italian psychiatric centres and targeted adult patients, their caregivers and healthcare providers to address data source triangulation. A sociodemographic survey and a narrative plot, based on Natural Semantic Metalanguage were collected. Narratives were analysed through NBM classifications, NVivo software and interpretative coding. PARTICIPANTS Thirty-six patients with a diagnosis of major depression, 27 caregivers and 33 healthcare providers participated in the research. RESULTS Among the 96 collected narratives, 'lonely' was the word patients used most frequently, while 'sad' and 'lifeless' were used most respectively by caregivers and healthcare providers. A positive care relationship was crucial for 84% of patients in relation to their care pathway, and nature (36%) and the arts (28%) were the most frequent resources. Caregivers expressed feelings of powerlessness and inadequacy, and 21% of them reported a declining social life while providing care to a loved one with depression. Thirty-one percent of mental health professionals experienced difficulties in their first encounter with patients; however, their emotions progressively moved towards trust and satisfaction. Furthermore, 89% of patients and healthcare providers and 58% of caregivers evaluated writing the narrative to be a positive experience. CONCLUSION Findings suggested the possible role for language in understanding major depression, thereby improving care relationships between patients and physicians. Care pathways might also be more attentive to caregivers, to reduce their risk of burnout. Finally, narrative medicine could be integrated with the care pathway as an additional space of expression, dialogue, reflection and development of empathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Chesi
- Healthcare Area, Fondazione ISTUD, Baveno, Italy
| | - Claudio Mencacci
- Neuroscience Department, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Pompili
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, University of Rome La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
- Suicide Prevention Center, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Roma, Italy
| | - Salvatore Varia
- Mental Health Department, Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Ubaldo Sagripanti
- Mental Health Department, ASUR 8 Civitanova Marche, Civitanova Marche, Italy
| | - Luigi Reale
- Healthcare Area, Fondazione ISTUD, Baveno, Italy
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[Pity as pain: Narrative Medicine and Melville's "Bartleby"]. Schmerz 2022; 37:83-88. [PMID: 36207475 DOI: 10.1007/s00482-022-00673-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Narrative Medicine is an interdisciplinary concept that joins literary texts and theory on the one hand with medical education on the other. It suggests that specific skills can be practiced by reflecting about literature and the arts, which represent existential human experiences. These skills are narrative competence, tolerance for ambiguity, changing one's perspective, empathy, and self-care. OBJECTIVES AND MATERIALS This article describes a Narrative Medicine course and focuses on one unit in which Herman Melville's short story "Bartleby, the Scrivener: A Story of Wall Street" was discussed. METHODS In combining participant observation and a close reading of the short story, the article describes how students responded to the text and how "Bartleby" speaks to central topics in medical practice, such as pain management and the significance (and limits) of pity and empathy. RESULTS Melville's text represents pain and empathy in complex and ambiguous ways. In presenting a compassionate narrator who ultimately fails to empathize with the pain he perceives in his employee, the story challenges readers to reflect on the complexities of dealing with the suffering of others and invites a discussion about professionalism, personal values, and expectations. CONCLUSIONS Literary texts in a medical classroom can be a productive resource to practice and critically discuss competences identified in the National Competency-Based Learning Objective Catalogue for Medicine 2.0.
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Bisimwa L, Williams C, Bisimwa JC, Sanvura P, Endres K, Thomas E, Perin J, Cikomola C, Bengehya J, Maheshe G, Mwishingo A, George CM. Formative Research for the Development of Evidence-Based Targeted Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Interventions to Reduce Cholera in Hotspots in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Preventative Intervention for Cholera for 7 Days (PICHA7) Program. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12243. [PMID: 36231546 PMCID: PMC9566157 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Compared to the general public, household members of cholera patients are at a 100 times higher risk of contracting cholera during the 7-day high-risk period after a cholera patient has been admitted to a health facility for treatment. The Preventative-Intervention-for-Cholera-for-7-days (PICHA7) program aims to reduce household transmission of cholera during this 7-day high-risk period through a health facility-initiated water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) program promoting handwashing with soap, water treatment, and safe water storage. The PICHA7 program is delivered to cholera patient households through: (1) a pictorial flipbook delivered by a health promoter; (2) a cholera prevention package (handwashing station, drinking water vessel with lid and tap, and chlorine tablets); and (3) weekly WASH mobile messages sent to patient households in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The objectives of this study were to conduct formative research to identify facilitators and barriers of the promoted WASH behaviors for cholera patient households and to tailor the PICHA7 program to target these facilitators and barriers. Formative research included 93 semi-structured interviews with diarrhea patient households and healthcare workers during exploratory research and a pilot study of 518 participants. Barriers to the promoted WASH behaviors identified during exploratory and pilot study interviews included: (1) low awareness of cholera transmission and prevention; (2) unaffordability of soap for handwashing; and (3) intermittent access to water limiting water for handwashing. For intervention development, narratives of the lived experiences of patient households in our study were presented by health promoters to describe cholera transmission and prevention, and soapy water and ash were promoted in the program flipbook and mobile messages to address the affordability of soap for handwashing. A jerry can was provided to allow for additional water storage, and a tap with a slower flow rate was attached to the handwashing station to reduce the amount of water required for handwashing. The pilot findings indicate that the PICHA7 program has high user acceptability and is feasible to deliver to cholera patients that present at health facilities for treatment in our study setting. Formative research allowed for tailoring this targeted WASH program for cholera patient households in the DRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucien Bisimwa
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205-2103, USA
- Center for Tropical Diseases & Global Health, Université Catholique de Bukavu, Bukavu B.P 265, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Camille Williams
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205-2103, USA
| | - Jean-Claude Bisimwa
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205-2103, USA
- Center for Tropical Diseases & Global Health, Université Catholique de Bukavu, Bukavu B.P 265, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Presence Sanvura
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205-2103, USA
- Center for Tropical Diseases & Global Health, Université Catholique de Bukavu, Bukavu B.P 265, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Kelly Endres
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205-2103, USA
| | - Elizabeth Thomas
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205-2103, USA
| | - Jamie Perin
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205-2103, USA
| | - Cirhuza Cikomola
- Center for Tropical Diseases & Global Health, Université Catholique de Bukavu, Bukavu B.P 265, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Justin Bengehya
- Bureau de l’Information Sanitaire, Surveillance Epidémiologique et Recherche Scientifique Division Provinciale de la Santé/Sud Kivu, Ministère de la Santé Publique, Hygiène et Prévention, Bukavu B.P 265, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Ghislain Maheshe
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Catholique de Bukavu, Bukavu B.P 265, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Alain Mwishingo
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205-2103, USA
- Center for Tropical Diseases & Global Health, Université Catholique de Bukavu, Bukavu B.P 265, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Christine Marie George
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205-2103, USA
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Historical empathy and medicine: Pathography and empathy in Sophocles’ Philoctetes. MEDICINE, HEALTH CARE AND PHILOSOPHY 2022; 25:561-575. [PMID: 35449242 PMCID: PMC9022738 DOI: 10.1007/s11019-022-10087-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this article is to explore the ways in which the engagement with Greek tragedy may contribute fruitfully to the unfolding of empathy in medical students and practitioners. To reappraise the general view that classical texts are remote from modern experience because of the long distance between the era they represent and today, I propose an approach to Greek tragedy viewed through the lens of historical empathy, and of the association between past situations and similar contemporary experiences, in particular. After a brief examination of the concept of empathy, its links with literary reading, and the discussion of these interrelations within the training of narrative medicine, and narrative ethics in particular, the focus turns to selected parts of Sophocles’ Philoctetes, such as the disease scene—an ancient example of pathography. Here Neoptolemus’ empathy for Philoctetes’ situation and its consequences are explored with specific interest in the modern readers’ affective response in connection with their own experiences in medical practice. Neoptolemus’ ethical conflict, which is resolved by his decision to care for Philoctetes, and the problematic nature of this attitude are both indicative of the aim of Greek tragedy to problematize universal issues and thus to point towards the instability of human life and the fluidity of human nature. Realizing through historical empathy the precariousness of human existence may lead to a better understanding and hence better care for others and open new perspectives in the development of empathy within the context of contemporary medical education and practice.
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Jacennik B, Zawadzka-Gosk E, Moreira JP, Glinkowski WM. Evaluating Patients' Experiences with Healthcare Services: Extracting Domain and Language-Specific Information from Free-Text Narratives. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10182. [PMID: 36011816 PMCID: PMC9408527 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Evaluating patients’ experience and satisfaction often calls for analyses of free-text data. Language and domain-specific information extraction can reduce costly manual preprocessing and enable the analysis of extensive collections of experience-based narratives. The research aims were to (1) elicit free-text narratives about experiences with health services of international students in Poland, (2) develop domain- and language-specific algorithms for the extraction of information relevant for the evaluation of quality and safety of health services, and (3) test the performance of information extraction algorithms’ on questions about the patients’ experiences with health services. The materials were free-text narratives about health clinic encounters produced by English-speaking foreigners recalling their experiences (n = 104) in healthcare facilities in Poland. A linguistic analysis of the text collection led to constructing a semantic−syntactic lexicon and a set of lexical-syntactic frames. These were further used to develop rule-based information extraction algorithms in the form of Python scripts. The extraction algorithms generated text classifications according to predefined queries. In addition, the narratives were classified by human readers. The algorithm-based and the human readers’ classifications were highly correlated and significant (p < 0.01), indicating an excellent performance of the automatic query algorithms. The study results demonstrate that domain-specific and language-specific information extraction from free-text narratives can be used as an efficient and low-cost method for evaluating patient experiences and satisfaction with health services and built into software solutions for the quality evaluation in health care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emilia Zawadzka-Gosk
- Multimedia Department, Polish-Japanese Academy of Information Technology, 02-008 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joaquim Paulo Moreira
- International Healthcare Management Research and Development Center (IHM-RDC), Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, China
- Gestao em Saude, Atlantica Instituto Universitario, 2730-036 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Wojciech Michał Glinkowski
- Polish Telemedicine and eHealth Society, 03-728 Warsaw, Poland
- Center of Excellence “TeleOrto” for Telediagnostics and Treatment of Disorders and Injuries of the Locomotor System, Department of Medical Informatics and Telemedicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 00-581 Warsaw, Poland
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Reconceptualizing the therapeutic alliance in osteopathic practice: Integrating insights from phenomenology, psychology and enactive inference. INT J OSTEOPATH MED 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijosm.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Leyva-Moral JM, Aguayo-González M, San Rafael-Gutiérrez S, Gómez-Ibáñez R. Narrative photography with an expert patient as a method to improve empathy: a satisfaction study with health sciences students. Int J Nurs Educ Scholarsh 2022; 19:ijnes-2021-0124. [PMID: 35618500 DOI: 10.1515/ijnes-2021-0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess health sciences students' satisfaction with narrative photography with an expert patient as an empathy-fostering teaching method. METHODS Nineteen students from a public medical sciences university in Barcelona (Spain) voluntarily completed six online training sessions using narrative photography and expert patient. Data were collected using an anonymous online satisfaction questionnaire verified by experts, including 29 quantitative and qualitative questions that were analyzed descriptively. RESULTS Eighteen valid questionnaires were obtained (90% response rate). All students evaluated the teaching method as highly satisfactory. The main positive aspects of the teaching method were being able to express one's emotions and reflections. Students felt the activity enhanced their empathy and helped them minimize their prejudices, specifically to patients living with HIV. Students also evaluated the online format as less optimal than if it were delivered in person. CONCLUSION The students found the teaching method to have a personal and professional impact, which facilitated the integration of empathy in their daily practice when caring for people living with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Leyva-Moral
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Medicine. Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (Spain)
| | | | | | - Rebeca Gómez-Ibáñez
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Medicine. Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (Spain)
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Narrative Kompetenzen = Ethische Kompetenzen? Die Interventionsmethode der Narrativen Medizin. Ethik Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00481-022-00702-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Vibert Y, Capriolo C, Mossabeb R, Fleishman R. Narrative medicine for pediatric residents during neonatal and pediatric intensive care rotations. J Neonatal Perinatal Med 2022; 15:635-642. [PMID: 35342053 DOI: 10.3233/npm-210923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Narrative medicine is a tool that may foster compassionate and empathetic practitioners. Pediatric residents completing their intensive care rotations in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) and Neonatal intensive Care Unit (NICU) may experience burnout and compassion fatigue making empathic communication and compassionate care challenging. Our goal was to examine how residents working in the NICU and PICU at one children's hospital responded to a narrative medicine curriculum. METHODS In this cross-sectional qualitative study, pediatric residents participated in two narrative medicine sessions during their NICU or PICU rotation. At the end of each NICU or PICU block, residents received an IRB-approved anonymous REDCap survey. The survey included four open-ended questions about the sessions. Responses were interpreted by NVivo 1.0 (QSR International). RESULTS 22 of 36 residents (61%) responded to the survey. Residents noted the sessions provided worthwhile forums for self-reflection and release of emotion. Residents identified empathic witnessing to each other as a strength. The forum for group reflection and shared perspectives was empowering. Reflective writing was a valued skill. CONCLUSION Pediatric residents rotating in the NICU and PICU endorsed narrative medicine sessions as a fulfilling and meaningful forum for them to share emotions and reflect on the experiences of their colleagues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Vibert
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - C Capriolo
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - R Mossabeb
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - R Fleishman
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Einstein Medical Center Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Remein CD, Childs E, Beard J, Demers LB, Benjamin EJ, Wingerter SL. "Getting Started": A Pilot Introductory Narrative Writing Session for Interprofessional Faculty in Academic Health Sciences. ADVANCES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE 2022; 13:265-274. [PMID: 35313635 PMCID: PMC8934153 DOI: 10.2147/amep.s350246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We designed and implemented a pilot introductory narrative writing session with the two-fold goal of fostering the dissemination of faculty writing for submission to peer-reviewed journals and other publication venues while simultaneously creating a framework for establishing collaborative and empathic interprofessional teams by enhancing narrative-related competencies. METHODS The session was open to interprofessional faculty at our academic health sciences center. Participants were accepted via a competitive application process, with group size limited to 18 individuals due to the workshop-style format. Learners were reflective of our diverse campus regarding sex, race/ethnicity, department, rank, and professional role. The session began with an experiential seminar providing instruction on writing theory and practice, discussion questions, and reflective writing prompts. The seminar was followed by a writing workshop. We conducted a mixed-methods evaluation to gauge participant satisfaction and educational efficacy. RESULTS The mixed-methods evaluation revealed that faculty reported high satisfaction with the session as a designated space to contemplate, discuss, practice, share, and critique narrative writing. All learners (18, 100%) rated it "very good" or "excellent" in overall quality and value as well as in relevance to personal growth. Participants reported growth in communication (13, 72%), self-reflection (12, 67%), active listening (12, 67%), writing confidence (11, 61%), perspective-taking (11, 61%), writing skills (10, 56%), and empathy (8, 44%). DISCUSSION Faculty valued the session as a venue for improving their writing skills and sharing with a diverse group of colleagues about the significance of narrative in relation to their professional lives. CONCLUSION Seminar outcomes suggest that narrative-based education for interprofessional health sciences faculty can be effective in achieving the two-fold goal of enhancing writing competencies while simultaneously fostering essential skills for building collaborative and empathic teams to promote high-quality education, research, and whole person clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy D Remein
- Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ellen Childs
- Department of Health Law, Policy, and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer Beard
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lindsay B Demers
- Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emelia J Benjamin
- Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah L Wingerter
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Narrative Medicine: Perioperative Opportunities and Applicable Health Services Research Methods. Anesth Analg 2022; 134:564-572. [PMID: 35180174 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000005867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Narrative medicine is a humanities-based discipline that posits that attention to the patient narrative and the collaborative formation of a narrative between the patient and provider is essential for the provision of health care. In this Special Article, we review the basic theoretical constructs of the narrative medicine discipline and apply them to the perioperative setting. We frame our discussion around the 4 primary goals of the current iteration of the perioperative surgical home: enhancing patient-centered care, embracing shared decision making, optimizing health literacy, and avoiding futile surgery. We then examine the importance of incorporating narrative medicine into medical education and residency training and evaluate the literature on such narrative medicine didactics. Finally, we discuss applying health services research, specifically qualitative and mixed methods, in the rigorous evaluation of the efficacy and impact of narrative medicine clinical programs and medical education curricula.
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Cercato MC, Vari S, Maggi G, Faltyn W, Onesti CE, Baldi J, Scotto di Uccio A, Terrenato I, Molinaro C, Scarinci V, Servoli F, Cenci C, Biagini R, Ferraresi V. Narrative Medicine: A Digital Diary in the Management of Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcoma Patients. Preliminary Results of a Multidisciplinary Pilot Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:406. [PMID: 35054100 PMCID: PMC8779279 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11020406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guidelines for the implementation of narrative medicine in clinical practice exist; however, in Italy, no standard methodology is currently available for the management of oncological patients. Since 2017, at the "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, studies using "digital narrative diaries" (DNMLAB platform) have been carried out; this article focuses on a pilot, uncontrolled, real-life study aiming to evaluate the utility of DNM integrated with the care pathway of patients with bone and limb soft tissue sarcomas. METHODS Adult patients completed the diary during treatment or follow-up by writing their narrative guided by a set of narrative prompts. The endpoints were: (a) patients' opinions about therapeutic alliance, awareness, and coping ability; (b) healthcare professionals' (HCPs') opinions about communication, therapeutic alliance, and information collection. Open- and closed-ended questions (Likert score: 1-5) were used to assess the items. RESULTS At the interim analysis of data from seven patients and five HCPs, DNM was shown to improve: (a) the expression of patients' point of view, the perception of effective taking charge, disease awareness, and self-empowerment (score: 4.8/5); (b) patients' communication, relationships, and illness knowledge (score: 4.6-4.8/5). CONCLUSIONS The preliminary results supported the need to integrate patients' narratives with clinical data and encourage further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cecilia Cercato
- Epidemiology and Tumor Registry Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (M.C.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Sabrina Vari
- Sarcomas and Rare Tumor Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (C.E.O.); (V.F.)
| | - Gabriella Maggi
- Psychology Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy;
| | - Wioletta Faltyn
- Oncological Orthopaedics Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (W.F.); (J.B.); (A.S.d.U.); (R.B.)
| | - Concetta Elisa Onesti
- Sarcomas and Rare Tumor Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (C.E.O.); (V.F.)
| | - Jacopo Baldi
- Oncological Orthopaedics Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (W.F.); (J.B.); (A.S.d.U.); (R.B.)
| | - Alessandra Scotto di Uccio
- Oncological Orthopaedics Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (W.F.); (J.B.); (A.S.d.U.); (R.B.)
| | - Irene Terrenato
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit–Scientific Direction, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy;
| | - Claudia Molinaro
- Epidemiology and Tumor Registry Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (M.C.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Virginia Scarinci
- Digital Library «R. Maceratini», IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (V.S.); (F.S.)
| | - Francesca Servoli
- Digital Library «R. Maceratini», IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (V.S.); (F.S.)
| | - Cristina Cenci
- Digital Narrative Medicine (DNM s.r.l.), 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Roberto Biagini
- Oncological Orthopaedics Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (W.F.); (J.B.); (A.S.d.U.); (R.B.)
| | - Virginia Ferraresi
- Sarcomas and Rare Tumor Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (C.E.O.); (V.F.)
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Mohanti BK. Lessons from narrative medicine: Cancer care will improve with narrative oncologyLessons from narrative medicine: Cancer care will improve with narrative oncology. Indian J Cancer 2022; 58:615-618. [PMID: 34975103 DOI: 10.4103/ijc.ijc_809_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Narrative medicine (NM) is a new discipline in healthcare that helps the patients and physicians to tell and listen to the accounts of disease, illness, and suffering. In the last 20 years, NM has moved into the realms of biomedical education, research, and training. The complexity of cancer management can gain from the medical humanism of NM. A new model of cancer care called narrative oncology (NO) with NM-based skill sets of attention, representation, and affiliation can build narrative competence, therapeutic relationship, and clinical trust. The oncologists, patients, and their family caregivers, and the cancer care health system will create an inclusive and empathetic eco-system. This paper outlines the broad framework of NM, which becomes narrative oncology for cancer medicine. The clinicians, nurses, health workers, and scientists should learn and implement this new discipline alongside their biomedical activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidhu Kalyan Mohanti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Centre, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) University, Bhubaneswar, India
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Yang L, Ene IC, Lamarche L. Exploring Patient Perspectives of Body Image Conversations in Primary Care: Understandings, Experiences, and Expectations. J Patient Exp 2022; 9:23743735221117366. [PMID: 35936513 PMCID: PMC9346258 DOI: 10.1177/23743735221117366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary care physicians (PCPs) and patients identified body image conversations
to be difficult but necessary. As first points of contact in the healthcare
system, PCPs are ideal candidates for addressing body image concerns. Through
latent thematic analysis of 12 interviews, this paper explores patient
preferences with body image conversations in primary care. We identified
challenges that patients faced in sharing body image concerns, expectations they
hold for physicians, and suggested potential areas of future research and ways
to improve care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yang
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Larkin Lamarche
- Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Pinto RM, Rahman R, Zanchetta MS, Galhego-Garcia W. Brazil's Community Health Workers Practicing Narrative Medicine: Patients' Perspectives. J Gen Intern Med 2021; 36:3743-3751. [PMID: 33826059 PMCID: PMC8642505 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-021-06730-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Narrative medicine (NM) encourages health care providers to draw on their personal experiences to establish therapeutic alliances with patients of prevention and care services. NM medicine practiced by nurses and physicians has been well documented, yet there is little understanding of how community health workers (CHWs) apply NM concepts in their day-to-day practices from patient perspectives. OBJECTIVE To document how CHWs apply specific NM concepts in Brazil's Family Health Strategy (FHS), the key component of Brazil's Unified Health System. DESIGN We used a semi-structured interview, grounded in Charon's (2001) framework, including four types of NM relationships: provider-patient, provider-colleague, provider-society, and provider-self. A hybrid approach of thematic analysis was used to analyze data from 27 patients. KEY RESULTS Sample: 18 females; 13 White, 12 "Pardo" (mixed races), 12 Black. We found: (1) provider-patient relationship-CHWs offered health education through compassion, empathy, trustworthiness, patience, attentiveness, jargon-free communication, and altruism; (2) provider-colleague relationship-CHWs lacked credibility as perceived by physicians, impacting their effectiveness negatively; (3) provider-society relationship-CHWs mobilized patients civically and politically to advocate for and address emerging health care and prevention needs; (4) provider-self relationship-patients identified possible low self-esteem among CHWs and a need to engage in self-care practices to abate exhaustion from intense labor and lack of resources. CONCLUSION This study adds to patient perspectives on how CHWs apply NM concepts to build and sustain four types of relationships. Findings suggest the need to improve provider-colleague relationships by ongoing training to foster cooperation among FHS team members. More generous organizational supports (wellness initiatives and supervision) may facilitate the provider-self relationship. Public education on CHWs' roles is needed to enhance the professional and societal credibility of their roles and responsibilities. Future research should investigate how CHWs' personality traits may influence their ability to apply NM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rahbel Rahman
- Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - W Galhego-Garcia
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry of Araçatuba, Estadual Paulista University, São Paulo, Brazil
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McMullen AM. The choice to love. Lancet 2021; 398:1680-1681. [PMID: 34742376 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)02383-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M McMullen
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA; Division of General Internal Medicine, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Fox DA, Hauser JM. Exploring perception and usage of narrative medicine by physician specialty: a qualitative analysis. Philos Ethics Humanit Med 2021; 16:7. [PMID: 34666802 PMCID: PMC8526278 DOI: 10.1186/s13010-021-00106-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Narrative medicine is a well-recognized and respected approach to care. It is now found in medical school curricula and widely implemented in practice. However, there has been no analysis of the perception and usage of narrative medicine across different medical specialties and whether there may be unique recommendations for implementation based upon specialty. The aims of this study were to explore these gaps in research. METHODS Fifteen senior physicians who specialize in internal medicine, pediatrics, or surgery (5 physicians from each specialty) were interviewed in a semi-structured format about the utilization, benefits, drawbacks (i.e., negative consequences), and roles pertaining to narrative medicine. Qualitative content analysis of each interview was then performed. RESULTS Three themes emerged from our analysis: roles, practice, and outcomes. Through these themes we examined the importance, utilization, barriers, benefits, and drawbacks of narrative medicine. There was consensus that narrative medicine is an important tool in primary care. Primary care physicians (general internists and general pediatricians) also believed that narrative medicine is not as important for non-primary care providers. However, non-primary care providers (surgeons) generally believed narrative medicine is valuable in their practice as well. Within specialties, providers' choice of language varied when trying to obtain patients' narratives, but choice in when to practice narrative medicine did not differ greatly. Among specialties, there was more variability regarding when to practice narrative medicine and what barriers were present. Primary care physicians primarily described barriers to eliciting a patient's narrative to involve trust and emotional readiness, while surgeons primarily described factors involving logistics and patient data as barriers to obtaining patients' narratives. There was broad agreement among specialties regarding the benefits and drawbacks of narrative medicine. CONCLUSIONS This study sheds light on the shared and unique beliefs in different specialties about narrative medicine. It prompts important discussion around topics such as the stereotypes physicians may hold about their peers and concerns about time management. These data provide some possible ideas for crafting narrative medicine education specific to specialties as well as future directions of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Fox
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Joshua M Hauser
- Section of Palliative Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Jia JJ, Luo J, Shu J, Zheng SS. Narrative medicine principles and organ donation communications. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2021; 22:323-325. [PMID: 34670675 DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jun Jia
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jia Luo
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jing Shu
- Division of ICU Department, Zhe Jiang Sian International Hospital, Jiaxing 314000, China
| | - Shu-Sen Zheng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.
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Abstract
Narrative medicine describes the application of story to medical education and practice. Although it has been implemented successfully in many medical schools as a part of undergraduate medical education, applications to the residency environment have been relatively limited. There are virtually no data concerning the adoption of narrative medicine within surgical residencies. This paper provides a brief introduction to the formal discipline of narrative medicine. We further discuss how storytelling is already used in surgical education and summarize the literature on applications of narrative medicine to residents in other specialties. The relevance of narrative medicine to the ACGME core competencies is explored. We conclude with specific suggestions for implementation of narrative medicine within surgical residency programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Eh Scott-Conner
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Carver College of MedicineIowa City, IA, USA
| | - Divyansh Agarwal
- 14640Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Fenstermacher E, Longley RM, Amonoo HL. Finding the Story in Medicine: The Use of Narrative Techniques in Psychiatry. Psychiatr Clin North Am 2021; 44:263-281. [PMID: 34049648 DOI: 10.1016/j.psc.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Narrative medicine is a patient-centered educational approach that promotes humanistic engagement of medical practitioners; it offers a unique framework for understanding medical encounters and promotes empathic connections through enhancement of observation, listening, and reflection. The andragogy of narrative medicine uniquely engages adult learners and may enhance academic learning. This article explores the evidence for narrative medicine and discusses its unique applications and potential within psychiatry. An adaptable narrative medicine curriculum is proposed for use in a 4-year psychiatric residency curriculum to allow for easy adoption of narrative medicine as an underutilized best educational practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Fenstermacher
- Department of Psychiatry, Denver Health, 660 Bannock St, Suite 4754, Denver, CO 80204, USA; University of Colorado, School of Medicine, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Regina M Longley
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 125 Nashua Street, Suite #324, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Hermioni L Amonoo
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, 4th Floor, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Psychosocial Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Wallace CL, Trees A, Ohs J, Hinyard L. Narrative Medicine for Healthcare Providers: Improving Practices of Advance Care Planning. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2021; 87:87-102. [PMID: 34011207 DOI: 10.1177/00302228211015596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Advance care planning (ACP) conversations about treatment preferences and end-of-life goals relate to positive outcomes for patients and families, though ongoing barriers exist. Additionally, providers personal discomfort and personal experiences may influence how they engage (or avoid) ACP conversations. Narrative medicine (NM) offers one approach to help practitioners develop ability to hear and understand the story of others in ways that may overcome barriers to quality conversations. This study investigated the effectiveness of a 3-hour NM workshop to develop communication skills around ACP and facilitate reflection on the relationship between personal experiences and professional practices in ACP and end-of-life care. Twenty-five participants completed post-assessments of the workshop. Key themes included increased awareness, improved skills for active listening and eliciting stories, and improved understanding of how personal experiences shape professional practice. Results indicate practitioners value the NM approach to ACP suggesting this approach may provide impactful change in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara L Wallace
- School of Social Work, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - April Trees
- Department of Communication, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Jennifer Ohs
- Department of Communication, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Leslie Hinyard
- Department of Health and Clinical Outcomes Research, Advanced HEAlth Data (AHEAD) Institute, Center for Health Outcomes Research, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States
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Lanocha N. Lessons in Stories: Why Narrative Medicine Has a Role in Pediatric Palliative Care Training. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8050321. [PMID: 33922034 PMCID: PMC8143552 DOI: 10.3390/children8050321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Narrative medicine is introduced and explored as a potential tool for developing competency in medical training, including reduction of burnout, sustaining empathy, and allowing for reflective practice. Developing cultural humility, communication skills, ethics, community building, and advocacy are also reviewed as domains that may be bolstered by training in narrative. Applications specific to pediatric palliative care are suggested, along with avenues for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Lanocha
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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"Inform the Head, Give Dexterity to the Hand, Familiarise the Heart": Seeing and Using Digitised Eighteenth-Century Specimens in a Modern Medical Curriculum. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1317:163-179. [PMID: 33945137 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-61125-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have seen an explosion of interest in digitising museum collections. Among the objects of interest are anatomical and pathological specimens found in medical museums. As researchers increasingly produce digital replicas of these preparations, ways of integrating these resources into the medical curriculum must be explored. This article takes a medical humanities approach to this topical question, comparing the historic use of anatomical specimens to modern intentions, and exploring the potential for using digital anatomy to help integrate humanities into the curriculum. The use of anatomical specimens by William Hunter (1718-1783), whose collection is now kept at the Hunterian in the University of Glasgow, provides a key historic focus. The teaching intentions for his private courses of anatomy are examined, to investigate how specimens were used in an eighteenth-century "curriculum". The motivations behind digitisation and the use of digital anatomy in modern curriculums are then examined and compared. Many of these motivations are shared with Hunter's: the desire to maintain a unique anatomical resource, the need to provide multisensory engagement in learning, and a desire to attempt to show "natural" anatomy without the interference of human processes. The balance between fostering empathy and maintaining detachment is also key for both. Using digital replicas of historic specimens to teach anatomy also opens up a unique opportunity to educate students in the medical humanities in a fully integrated way. Understanding the full story of the specimens they use, as explored in the first half of the article, allows students to place themselves, their dissection subjects, and healthcare as a whole in a historical context. As well as fostering empathy in the dissection lab, the stories behind the specimens can be used to introduce key humanities topics, including ethics, institutional bias, and social aspects of health and disease. It is essential that this potential is explored now while digital anatomy is still a relatively young field, and therefore collaborations between anatomists and medical humanities practitioners can be built and included from the ground up.
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50
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DeVido JJ, Epson MF. Clinical Update: What is Old is New Again: Rediscovering Narrative in Healthcare and Charting a Future for Addiction Specialists. Am J Addict 2020; 29:418-425. [DOI: 10.1111/ajad.13098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J. DeVido
- Marin County California Health and Human Services, Department of Behavioral Health & Recovery Services; San Rafael California
- Partnership HealthPlan of California; Fairfield California
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; Weill Institute for Neurosciences; University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco California
| | - Martin F. Epson
- Marin County California Health and Human Services, Department of Behavioral Health & Recovery Services; San Rafael California
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; Weill Institute for Neurosciences; University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco California
- San Francisco Veterans Administration Health Care System; San Francisco California
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