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Stenner BJ, Boyle T, Archibald D, Arden N, Hawkes R, Filbay S. Australian golfers with and without osteoarthritis report reduced psychological distress and improved general health compared to a general population-based sample. J Sci Med Sport 2023; 26:202-207. [PMID: 36822999 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To (i) evaluate psychological distress and general health in Australian golfers and compare with a general population-based sample, and (ii) explore the relationship between playing golf, psychological distress and general health in individuals with osteoarthritis. DESIGN Cross sectional. METHODS A cross-sectional survey collected outcomes in 459 Australian Golfers (Kessler-10 Psychological Distress Scale, Short-Form 12 (Health Status), International Physical Activity Questionnaire, osteoarthritis status). Outcomes were compared between Australian golfers and a general population-based sample (Australian Health Survey, n = 16,370). Modified Poisson regression estimated the relationship between playing golf and general health in all participants and a subgroup with osteoarthritis (n = 128 golfers, n = 2216 general population). All analyses were adjusted for age, sex, education and smoking status. RESULTS Playing golf was associated with lower psychological distress (adjusted mean difference (95 % confidence interval) -2.5 (-4.1 to -0.9)) and a greater likelihood of reporting good to excellent general health (adjusted relative risk (95 % confidence interval) 1.09 (1.05 to 1.13)) compared to the general population. Amongst people with osteoarthritis, playing golf was associated with lower psychological distress (adjusted mean difference -4.0 (95 % confidence interval -6.5 to -1.5)) and a greater likelihood of reporting good to excellent general health (adjusted relative risk (95 % confidence interval) 1.3 (1.2 to 1.4)). CONCLUSIONS Golfers had lower levels of psychological distress and better general health than the general population, and this relationship was strongest in individuals with osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad J Stenner
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Australia; Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Australia.
| | - Terry Boyle
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Australia; Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Nigel Arden
- Centre for Sport Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research, Versus Arthritis, University of Oxford, UK; Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology & Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Roger Hawkes
- UK and Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, UK
| | - Stephanie Filbay
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology & Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, UK; Centre for Health Exercise and Sports Medicine, Department of Physiotherapy, University of Melbourne, Australia
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Filbay SR, Bullock GS, Sanchez-Santos MT, Arden NK, Peirce N. A Higher Playing Standard, Bowling, and Intermittent Helmet Use Are Related to a Greater Odds of Injury or Concussion in Cricket. Clin J Sport Med 2022; 32:e300-e307. [PMID: 34009794 DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000000933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if playing position, a higher playing standard, and nonhelmet use are related to an increased odds of joint-specific injury and concussion in cricket. DESIGN Cross-sectional cohort. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-eight thousand one hundred fifty-two current or former recreational and high-performance cricketers registered on a national database were invited to participate in the Cricket Health and Wellbeing Study. Eligibility requirements were aged ≥18 years and played ≥1 cricket season. INDEPENDENT VARIABLES Main playing position (bowler/batter/all-rounder), playing standard (high-performance/recreational), and helmet use (always/most of the time/occasionally/never). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Cross-sectional questionnaire data included cricket-related injury (hip/groin, knee, ankle, shoulder, hand, back) resulting in ≥4 weeks of reduced exercise and self-reported concussion history. Crude and adjusted (adjusted for seasons played) odds ratios and 95% confidence interval (CIs) were estimated using logistic regression. RESULTS Of 2294 participants (59% current cricketers; 97% male; age 52 ± 15 years; played 29 ± 15 seasons; 62% recreational cricketers), 47% reported cricket-related injury and 10% reported concussion. Bowlers had greater odds of hip/groin [odds ratio (95% CI), 1.9 (1.0-3.3)], knee [2.0 (1.4-2.8)], shoulder [2.9 (1.8-4.5)], and back [2.8 (1.7-4.4)] injury compared with batters. High-performance cricketers had greater odds of injury and concussion than recreational cricketers. Wearing a helmet most of the time [2.0 (1.4-3.0)] or occasionally [1.8 (1.3-2.6)] was related to higher odds of self-reported concussion compared with never wearing a helmet. Concussion rates were similar in cricketers who always and never wore a helmet. CONCLUSIONS A higher playing standard and bowling (compared with batting) were associated with greater odds of injury. Wearing a helmet occasionally or most of the time was associated with higher odds of self-reported concussion compared with never wearing a helmet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie R Filbay
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research Versus Arthritis
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Physiotherapy, Centre for Health Exercise and Sports Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Garrett S Bullock
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Maria T Sanchez-Santos
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel K Arden
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research Versus Arthritis
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Peirce
- England and Wales Cricket Board, Lord's Cricket Ground, London, United Kingdom ; and
- National Centre For Sports and Exercise Medicine and National Cricket Performance Centre, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
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Bullock GS, Nicholson KF, Waterman BR, Niesen E, Salamh P, Thigpen CA, Shanley E, Devaney L, Collins GS, Arden NK, Filbay SR. Health Conditions, Substance Use, Physical Activity, and Quality of Life in Current and Former Baseball Players. Orthop J Sports Med 2021; 9:23259671211056645. [PMID: 34881341 PMCID: PMC8647246 DOI: 10.1177/23259671211056645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: A comprehensive understanding of lifestyle (health conditions and substance use), health-related quality of life (HRQoL), flourishing (holistic representation of health), and physical activity can inform stakeholders (players, coaches, and clinicians) and help improve long-term health across the life span. Purpose: To describe health conditions (comorbidities or diagnoses), substance use, physical activity, HRQoL, and flourishing in current and former collegiate and professional baseball players and to assess the relationship between playing position and HRQoL/flourishing in former baseball players. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Eligible participants were those ≥18 years old with ≥1 season of collegiate or professional baseball experience. Participants completed a survey on health conditions (asthma, diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and depression), substance use (tobacco, alcohol, and energy drinks), physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire–Short Form), HRQoL (Veterans Rand 12-Item Health Survey [VR-12] physical and mental component scores), and flourishing (Flourishing Scale). Adjusted multivariable regressions were performed for HRQoL and flourishing. Results: Overall, 260 baseball players opened the survey, and 214 (current players, 97; former players, 117) participated for an 82% response rate. Of the former players, 32% had hypertension or hypercholesterolemia. In addition, 26% of current players had used smokeless tobacco (median, 3 years; interquartile range [IQR], 1-5 years) as compared with 34% of former players (median, 15 years; IQR, 5-25 years). In addition, 14% of current players had used electronic cigarettes (median, 2 years; IQR, 0-4 years) as opposed to 3% of former (median, 3 years; IQR, 2-4 years). Energy drinks were consumed by 31% and 14%, respectively, of current and former players on at least a weekly basis. Current baseball players performed 8667 metabolic equivalents per week of physical activity as opposed to 3931 in former players. Pitching was associated with worse VR-12 Mental Component Scores (–5.0; 95% confidence interval, –9.0 to –1.0). Playing position was not related to VR-12 Physical Component Scores or flourishing in former baseball players. Conclusion: The similar smokeless tobacco prevalence between current and former baseball players suggests that they may start using tobacco products during baseball participation and continue after retirement. Similar reported HRQoL as compared with the general US population and high flourishing and physical activity levels suggest that baseball players may present with good musculoskeletal and psychological health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett S Bullock
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.,Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research Versus Arthritis, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kristen F Nicholson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Brian R Waterman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Eric Niesen
- Houston Astros Baseball Club, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Paul Salamh
- Krannert School of Physical Therapy, University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Ellen Shanley
- ATI Physical Therapy, Greenville, South Carolina, USA
| | - Laurie Devaney
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Agriculture, Health, and Natural Resources, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Gary S Collins
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Nigel K Arden
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stephanie R Filbay
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research Versus Arthritis, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Centre for Health, Exercise and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Martin CL, Shanley E, Harnish C, Knab AM, Christopher S, Vallabhajosula S, Bullock GS. Overuse Injury, Substance Use, and Resilience in Collegiate Female Athlete. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2021; 16:1104-1114. [PMID: 34395053 PMCID: PMC8329319 DOI: 10.26603/001c.25760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overuse injury is a common stressor experienced by female collegiate athletes and is often underreported. In response, athletes may develop negative coping skills such as substance use. Alternatively, resilience is a modifiable trait that may positively influence response to musculoskeletal injuries and substance use. PURPOSE To provide an updated epidemiological profile of overuse injury and substance use and examine the relationship between resilience, overuse injury, and substance use among collegiate female athletes. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS Two-hundred and thirty female collegiate athletes were classified into overuse injury and resilience groups. Overuse injury, pain, and substance use incidence proportions (IP) were calculated. Kruskal-Wallis analyses were performed to investigate differences in substance use among resilience groups. Analyses of covariance were performed to evaluate differences in overuse injuries, substantial overuse injuries, and time loss injuries, among resilience groups. RESULTS IP for pain was 45.0% (95% CI: 38.2-51.9); Overuse injury 52.0% (45.1-58.9); Alcohol use 35.1% (28.6-41.6); Electronic cigarette use 19.5% (14.6-24.9); Cigarette use 2.8% (6-5.1); and Drug use 3.3% (0.9-5.8). No significant differences were found between resilience groups for the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Overuse Injury Questionnaire (OSTRC) variables (Pain: p=0.102; Overuse injury: p=0.331; Substantial overuse injury: p=0.084; Not playing: p=0.058), alcohol (p=0.723), or combined substance use (p=0.069). CONCLUSIONS Pain and overuse injury prevalence is high among female collegiate athletes. Alcohol followed by electronic cigarette use were the most commonly utilized substances. No significant differences were identified in substance use or overuse injury presentation between resilience groups, though further investigation is warranted. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Garrett S Bullock
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research Versus Arthritis, University of Oxford; Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine
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Shah K, Furniss D, Collins GS, Peirce N, Arden NK, Filbay SR. Cricket related hand injury is associated with increased odds of hand pain and osteoarthritis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16775. [PMID: 33033307 PMCID: PMC7545096 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73586-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiographic osteoarthritis (OA) is most prevalent in the hand. The association of hand injury with pain or OA is unclear. The objective was to describe the relationship between hand injury and ipsilateral pain and OA in cricketers. Data from former and current cricketers aged ≥ 30 years was used. Data included history of cricket-related hand/finger injury leading to > 4 weeks of reduced exercise, hand/finger joint pain on most days of the last month, self-reported history of physician-diagnosed hand/finger OA. Logistic regression assessed the relationship between injury with hand pain (in former cricketers) and with OA (in all cricketers), adjusted for age, seasons played, playing standard. Of 1893 participants (844 former cricketers), 16.9% reported hand pain, 4.3% reported OA. A history of hand injury increased the odds of hand pain (OR (95% CI) 2.2, 1.4 to 3.6). A history of hand injury also had increased odds of hand OA (3.1, 2.1 to 4.7). Cricket-related hand injury was related to an increased odds of hand pain and OA. This highlights the importance of hand injury prevention strategies within cricket. The high prevalence of hand pain is concerning, and further research is needed to determine the impacts of hand pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karishma Shah
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Old Road, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Dominic Furniss
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Old Road, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Gary S Collins
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nick Peirce
- England and Wales Cricket Board, and National Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine and National Cricket Performance Centre, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Nigel K Arden
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research Versus Arthritis, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephanie R Filbay
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Old Road, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK.
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research Versus Arthritis, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Centre for Health Exercise and Sports Medicine, Department of Physiotherapy, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Bullock GS, Collins GS, Peirce N, Arden NK, Filbay SR. Playing sport injured is associated with osteoarthritis, joint pain and worse health-related quality of life: a cross-sectional study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2020; 21:111. [PMID: 32075619 PMCID: PMC7031986 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-020-3136-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sports participants are faced with the decision to continue or cease play when injured. The implications of playing sport while injured on joint health and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) has not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between having played sport while injured and HRQoL, osteoarthritis, and persistent joint pain; and compare findings in elite and recreational cricketers. METHODS The Cricket Health and Wellbeing Study cohort was used for this study. Inclusion criteria were: age ≥ 18 years, played ≥1 cricket season. Questionnaire data collected included a history of playing sport injured, SF-8 (physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) component scores), physician-diagnosed osteoarthritis, and persistent joint pain (most days of the last month). Multivariable linear regressions and logistic regressions were performed. Continuous covariates were handled using fractional polynomials. Models were adjusted for age, sex, cricket-seasons played, playing status, joint injury, and orthopaedic surgery. All participants (n = 2233) were included in HRQoL analyses, only participants aged ≥30 years (n = 2071) were included in osteoarthritis/pain analyses. RESULTS Of the 2233 current and former cricketers (mean age: 51.7 SD 14.7, played 30 IQR 24 cricket seasons, 60% were current cricketers, 62% played recreationally; median PCS: 51.4 IQR 9.0; MCS: 54.3 IQR 8.6) 1719 (77%) had played sport while injured. People who had played sport injured reported worse adjusted PCS (Effect(95% CI): - 1.78(- 2.62, - 0.93) and MCS (- 1.40(- 2.25, - 0.54), had greater odds of osteoarthritis (adjusted OR(95% CI): 1.86(1.39, 2.51) and persistent joint pain (2.34(1.85, 2.96)), compared to people who had not played sport injured. Similar relationships were observed regarding PCS, osteoarthritis and pain in elite and recreational subgroups. Playing injured was only related to worse MCS scores for elite cricketers (- 2.07(- 3.52, - 0.63)); no relationship was observed in recreational cricketers (- 0.70(- 1.79, 0.39)). CONCLUSION Cricketers that had played sport injured had impaired HRQoL, increased odds of osteoarthritis and persistent joint pain, compared to those who had not played sport injured. Playing sport injured was only related to impaired mental-components of HRQoL in elite cricketers. The long-term impact of playing while injured on musculoskeletal health, should be considered when advising athletes on their ability to compete following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett S. Bullock
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research Versus Arthritis, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, B4495, Oxford, OX3 7LD UK
| | - Gary S. Collins
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Nick Peirce
- England and Wales Cricket Board, National Cricket Performance Centre, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU UK
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU UK
| | - Nigel K. Arden
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research Versus Arthritis, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, B4495, Oxford, OX3 7LD UK
| | - Stephanie R. Filbay
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research Versus Arthritis, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, B4495, Oxford, OX3 7LD UK
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