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Sayed AA. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and attitudes of subjects with disability and their carers in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1282581. [PMID: 38481833 PMCID: PMC10933131 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1282581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant disruption to countries worldwide, including Saudi Arabia. The fast preventative measures and the mass vaccine enrollment were vital to contain the pandemic in the country. However, vaccine hesitancy was a significant obstacle to taking the vaccine but was not previously explored. One hundred eighty-six subjects with disabilities were enrolled in this study in an attempt to explore their hesitancy and attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccines. Most participants were previously diagnosed with COVID-19 and had a close family who was also diagnosed with it. Most of them were willing to be vaccinated but had not received previous vaccinations. Official sources of information, e.g., TV/radio, were an essential factor driving their intention to get vaccinated. Beliefs that drove participants' vaccine acceptance included vaccine safety, sufficient testing before its release, and its ability to protect from infection. The results of this seminal study provide insights to public health policymakers, which should be considered and taken together in light of other studies addressing the population's vaccine hesitancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar A. Sayed
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Ayouni I, Amponsah-Dacosta E, Noll S, Kagina BM, Muloiwa R. Interventions to Improve Knowledge, Attitudes, and Uptake of Recommended Vaccines during Pregnancy and Postpartum: A Scoping Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1733. [PMID: 38140138 PMCID: PMC10747157 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11121733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetanus, pertussis, influenza, and COVID-19 vaccines are recommended for the prevention of related morbidity and mortality during pregnancy and postpartum. Despite the established benefits of vaccination for prenatal and postnatal women, maternal vaccination is not universally included in routine antenatal programs, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Furthermore, the uptake of recommended vaccines among pregnant and postpartum women remains below optimum globally. This review aimed to map the evidence on interventions to improve knowledge, attitudes, and uptake of recommended vaccines among pregnant and postpartum women. We conducted a comprehensive and systematic search for relevant literature in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, and Google Scholar. Overall, 29 studies published between 2010 and 2023 were included in this review. The majority (n = 27) of these studies were from high-income countries. A total of 14 studies focused on the influenza vaccine, 6 on the Tdap vaccine, 8 on both influenza and Tdap vaccines, and only one study on the COVID-19 vaccine. Patient-centered interventions predominated the evidence base (66%), followed by provider-focused (7%), health system-focused (10%), and multilevel interventions (17%). Overall, the effect of these interventions on knowledge, attitudes, and uptake of maternal vaccines was variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Ayouni
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa;
- Vaccines for Africa Initiative, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7935, South Africa; (E.A.-D.); (S.N.); (B.M.K.)
| | - Edina Amponsah-Dacosta
- Vaccines for Africa Initiative, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7935, South Africa; (E.A.-D.); (S.N.); (B.M.K.)
| | - Susanne Noll
- Vaccines for Africa Initiative, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7935, South Africa; (E.A.-D.); (S.N.); (B.M.K.)
| | - Benjamin M. Kagina
- Vaccines for Africa Initiative, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7935, South Africa; (E.A.-D.); (S.N.); (B.M.K.)
| | - Rudzani Muloiwa
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa;
- Vaccines for Africa Initiative, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7935, South Africa; (E.A.-D.); (S.N.); (B.M.K.)
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3
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Triunfo S, Iannuzzi V, Podda M, Pedrina D, Gemelli S, Marconi AM. Reducing vaccine hesitancy in pregnancy by the health literacy model inclusive of modern communication tools. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2023; 308:1391-1393. [PMID: 37552285 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-023-07138-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Albeit the vaccination is one of the most successful and cost-effective public health interventions, reluctance or refusal to vaccinate represents one of the ten threats to global health by the World Health Organization. Additional efforts to promote vaccination are required for at higher risk categories, such as pregnant women. Our approach supports the role of a clear and transparent communication by using efficient interventions and educational strategies to increase both willingness and confidence for preventable diseases in neonates and infants by vaccinations in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Triunfo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASST Santi Paolo Carlo, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Veronica Iannuzzi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASST Santi Paolo Carlo, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Podda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASST Santi Paolo Carlo, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Deborah Pedrina
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASST Santi Paolo Carlo, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Gemelli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASST Santi Paolo Carlo, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Marconi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASST Santi Paolo Carlo, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Borges MASB, Florentino PTV, Cerqueira-Silva T, de Carvalho LF, de Araújo Oliveira V, Aguilar GMO, Prado RDS, Soranz D, Werneck GL, Pescarini JM, da Costa PSS, Barreto ML, de Oliveira Garcia MH, Penna GO, Barral-Netto M, Paixão ES. Factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination among pregnant women in Rio De Janeiro City, Brazil. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18235. [PMID: 37880238 PMCID: PMC10600223 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44370-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy is safe and effective in reducing the risk of complications. However, the uptake is still below targets worldwide. This study aimed to explore the factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination uptake among pregnant women since data on this topic is scarce in low-to-middle-income countries. A retrospective cohort study included linked data on COVID-19 vaccination and pregnant women who delivered a singleton live birth from August 1, 2021, to July 31, 2022, in Rio de Janeiro City, Brazil. Multiple logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with vaccination during pregnancy, applying a hierarchical model and describing odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals. Of 65,304 pregnant women included in the study, 53.0% (95% CI, 52-53%) received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine during pregnancy. Higher uptake was observed among women aged older than 34 (aOR 1.21, 95%CI 1.15-1.28), black (aOR 1.10, 1.04-1.16), or parda/brown skin colour (aOR 1.05, 1.01-1.09), with less than eight years of education (aOR 1.09, 1.02-1.17), living without a partner (aOR 2.24, 2.16-2.34), more than six antenatal care appointments (aOR 1.92, 1.75-2.09), and having a previous child loss (OR 1.06, 1.02-1.11). These results highlight the need for targeted educational campaigns, trustful communication, and accessibility strategies for specific populations to improve vaccination uptake during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moara Alves Santa Bárbara Borges
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 74605-050, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 74605-050, Brazil.
| | - Pilar Tavares Veras Florentino
- Centro de Integração de Dados e Conhecimento para Saúde (CIDACS), Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Thiago Cerqueira-Silva
- Centro de Integração de Dados e Conhecimento para Saúde (CIDACS), Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Luciana Freire de Carvalho
- Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, 20211-110, Brazil
- Instituto de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-592, Brazil
| | - Vinícius de Araújo Oliveira
- Centro de Integração de Dados e Conhecimento para Saúde (CIDACS), Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, 40296-710, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, 40110-100, Brazil
| | | | | | - Daniel Soranz
- Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, 20211-110, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Loureiro Werneck
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto de Medicina Social, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 20550-013, Brazil
- Instituto de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-592, Brazil
| | - Julia M Pescarini
- Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Paulo Sérgio Sucasas da Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 74605-050, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Lima Barreto
- Centro de Integração de Dados e Conhecimento para Saúde (CIDACS), Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, 40296-710, Brazil
| | | | - Gerson Oliveira Penna
- Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de Brasília, Escola de Governo Fiocruz Brasília, Brasília, 70904-130, Brazil
| | - Manoel Barral-Netto
- Centro de Integração de Dados e Conhecimento para Saúde (CIDACS), Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, 40296-710, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Enny S Paixão
- Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
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Triunfo S, Perossini S, Burdin E, De Angeli EC, Francesi M, Garolfi A, Moretti J, Paruscio I, Tassielli M, Tremolada M, Gemelli S, Pedrina D, Marconi AM. Increasing Vaccine Uptake during Pregnancy by Using Prenatal Education Classes: An Effective Tool for Health Communication and Promotion. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1466. [PMID: 37761427 PMCID: PMC10529209 DOI: 10.3390/children10091466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Childbirth education classes represent an antenatal tool for supporting pregnant women and couples in increasing knowledge on pregnancy, delivery, breastfeeding, and newborn care. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of an additional lesson during the prenatal course regarding the advantage of vaccination to mitigation of maternal anxiety. An observational study was designed that included participants in childbirth education classes and compared courses enhanced by the extra lesson on vaccination during pregnancy versus those who did not receive it. Assessment of the impact of prenatal educational on vaccination was measured by using validated questionnaires (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, STAI; Perceived Stress Scale, PSS; World Health Organization- Five Well-Being Index, WHO-5). A total of 145 pregnant women participated to the investigation by answering to the online survey. Of them, 33 patients (22.8%) belonged to the course without a lesson on vaccine, while 112 (77.2%) participated to online prenatal education that included an additional meeting on the usefulness of getting vaccinated during pregnancy. No statistical differences were found between study groups in terms of demographics and perinatal outcomes. Participants in the enriched course reported lower basal anxiety levels than those without the vaccine lesson (STAI-State, normal score < 40, 30 vs. 19%, p-value 0.041; STAI-State, mild score 40-50, 78 vs. 67%, p-value 0.037). With reference to the prior two weeks, maternal wellbeing level was improved by the added class (score > 13 as measurement of wellbeing: 62% vs. 80%, p-value < 0.05). Moderate perceived stress assessed by PSS was found in those pregnant women without prenatal education on vaccination (64 vs. 50%, p-value 0.042). The introduction of a lesson regarding vaccination during pregnancy in the program of prenatal education courses improved maternal anxiety levels and wellbeing, in addition to reducing perceived stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Triunfo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, S. Paolo University Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); (E.B.); (E.C.D.A.); (M.F.); (A.G.); (J.M.); (I.P.); (M.T.); (M.T.); (S.G.); (D.P.); (A.M.M.)
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Triunfo S, Marconi AM. Promoting the Use of Modern Communication Tools to Increase Vaccine Uptake in Pregnancy. JAMA Pediatr 2023; 177:870-871. [PMID: 37338862 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.1807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Triunfo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASST Santi Paolo Carlo, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Marconi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASST Santi Paolo Carlo, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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7
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Sharma E, Mondal S, Das S, Vrana VG. Scale Development for COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy by Integration of Socio-Demographic and Psychological Factors. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1052. [PMID: 37376441 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11061052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is the most cost-effective way to maintain population health. However, it can only be effective if widespread acceptance is held. The efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines depends on their favor. When countries start to vaccinate their citizens, there is a certain level of skepticism about the effectiveness of the vaccines. The hesitancy study on vaccines has gained momentum following the pandemic. However, few studies have examined the link between the psychological and sociodemographic factors influencing the fit. This paper proposes integrating the concepts of the information systems success and stimulus-organism-response into a cognitive fit theory framework to explore the integration of psychological and sociodemographic factors in the receivers' reactions (n = 1510). This study analyses the factors that influence the hesitancy of vaccines and the public's refusal in Asia and Europe. Receivers' reactions were assessed to various stimuli and we explored the link between psychological and sociodemographic elements and the concept of fit. Two surveys were conducted following the scale development of Mackenzie. The first was to develop the fit scale, while the second was to validate the fit scale. The results of the second survey were analyzed using structural equation modelling. The results indicate that the scale's fit development is valid and reliable. The quality of the vaccine information, the psychological characteristics of the vaccine system, and vaccine receivers' satisfaction are also beneficial factors for emotional and cognitive fit. Maintaining the vaccines' quality and efficiency can help improve the fit between sociodemographic and psychological characteristics. It can also enhance receivers' satisfaction and encourage continued vaccine administration. This study is regarded as one of the first to examine and develop an emotional and cognitive fit scale for practitioners and researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Sharma
- Symbiosis Institute of Business Management Bengaluru, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Karnataka 560100, India
| | - Subhra Mondal
- The Honors Programme, Department of Marketing, South Star Management Institute, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Subhankar Das
- The Honors Programme, Department of Marketing, South Star Management Institute, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Vasiliki G Vrana
- Department of Business Administration, School of Economics and Administration, The Campus of Serres, International Hellenic University, 62124 Serres, Greece
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8
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Ferrari A, Moretti G, Corazza I, Mannella P, Simoncini T, Bonciani M. Pregnancy vaccination predictive factors and uptake profiles among Italian women: A cross-sectional survey study on a large population. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2023. [PMID: 37096291 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.14797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess influenza and Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis) vaccine coverage during pregnancy, explore key socioeconomic and maternity pathway-related predictors of vaccination, and detect specific patterns of vaccination uptake. METHODS The authors cross-sectionally analyzed self-reported data obtained from the systematic survey on the maternity pathways of Tuscany. They selected all pregnant women that completed from March 2019 to June 2022 the third-trimester questionnaire (n = 25 160), which included two dichotomous items on influenza and Tdap vaccination, as well as socioeconomic and pathway-related questions. Multilevel logistic models were performed to assess vaccination predictors and cluster analysis to identify vaccination patterns. RESULTS Vaccination coverage was higher for pertussis (56.5%) than for influenza (18.9%). The main predictors of vaccination were high socioeconomic status, attending private gynecologists, and receiving vaccine information. Three clusters were identified: cluster 1 included women receiving both Tdap and influenza vaccines; cluster 2 included women receiving no vaccinations; and cluster 3 included women receiving only the pertussis vaccine. Although women from cluster 3 were of middle to low education status, vaccine information was the main adherence determinant also in this group. CONCLUSIONS Health workers and policymakers should focus on groups of pregnant women less prone to vaccination to promote vaccination information and encourage wider uptake and coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amerigo Ferrari
- Institute of Management, MeS (Management and Health) Laboratory, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giaele Moretti
- Institute of Management, MeS (Management and Health) Laboratory, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Corazza
- Institute of Management, MeS (Management and Health) Laboratory, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Mannella
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Tommaso Simoncini
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Manila Bonciani
- Institute of Management, MeS (Management and Health) Laboratory, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy
- Meyer Center for Health and Happiness, A. Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
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Komine-Aizawa S, Yamada N, Haruyama Y, Deguchi M, Fukuda M, Kawana K, Kobashi G, Miyagi E, Yamada H, Sugiyama T, Hayakawa S. The Factors Influencing Pregnant Women's Selection of Media Sources to Obtain Information on COVID-19 in Japan in 2021. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040805. [PMID: 37112717 PMCID: PMC10143418 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnant women presumably gather information about the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from various sources. However, it is difficult for pregnant women who are not medical professionals to source the appropriate information because of the infodemic related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, the objective of our study was to investigate how pregnant women gathered information about COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccination. To address this issue, we conducted an online questionnaire survey between 5 October and 22 November 2021, which was approved by the Ethics Committee of Nihon University School of Medicine. We received 4962 responses after excluding 1179 insufficient answers. Our study found that age, occupation, and infection-risk anxiety influenced the selection of media for obtaining information. Pregnant women who were older, medical professionals, public servants, or educators tended to rely on specialized medical websites, whereas housewives tended to use mass media, social media, and sources with uncertain scientific evidence. Additionally, the number of weeks of gestation and the method of conception (natural or assisted reproductive conception) affected the selection of media. The accessibility of COVID-19 information for pregnant women was determined by their social background and pregnancy status. We need to continue making efforts to ensure that appropriate information is readily available to pregnant women and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihoko Komine-Aizawa
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Naotake Yamada
- Institute of Journalism and Media, Nihon University, Tokyo 101-8375, Japan
| | - Yasuo Haruyama
- Integrated Research Faculty for Advanced Medical Sciences, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Masashi Deguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Fukuda
- College of Risk Management, Nihon University, Tokyo 154-8513, Japan
| | - Kei Kawana
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Gen Kobashi
- Department of Public Health, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Etsuko Miyagi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hideto Yamada
- Center for Recurrent Pregnancy Loss, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo 006-8555, Japan
| | - Takashi Sugiyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon 791-0295, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hayakawa
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
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Beharier O, Neeman M. Vaccinations in pregnancy against TORCH pathogens. Mol Ther 2023; 31:915-916. [PMID: 36933559 PMCID: PMC10124075 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ofer Beharier
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Division, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michal Neeman
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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